Summarize written text : Read the passage.

Then summarize it using one sentence using about 50

words.

Passage 3
San people, tribe, Africa
San, people of southern Africa, consisting of several groups and numbering over 85,000 in all. They are
generally short in stature; their skin is yellowish brown in color; and they feature prominent cheekbones.
The San have been called Bushmen by whites in South Africa, but the term is now considered derogatory.
Although many now work for white settlers, about half are still nomadic hunters and gatherers of wild food
in desolate areas like the Kalahari semi-desert, which streches between todays Nation States of Botswana,
Namibia and South Africa. Their social unit is the small hunting band; larger organizations are loose and
temporary. Grashuts, caves and rock shelters are used as dwellings. They possess only what they can carry,
using poisoned arrowheads to fell game and transporting water in ostrich-egg shells. The San have a rich
folklore, are skilled in drawing, and have a remarkably complex language characterized by the use of click
sounds, related to that of the Khoikhoi . For thousands of years the San lived in southern and central Africa,
but by the time of the Portuguese arrival in the 15th cent., they had already been forced into the interior of
southern Africa. In the 18th and 19th cent., they resisted the encroachment on their lands of Dutch settlers,
but by 1862 that resistance had been crushed.

Write Essay: Read the topic. Then write an essay about the topic in the space provided below. You
should write 200-300 words.

Topic 3

Tobacco, mainly in the form of cigarettes, is one of the most widely-used drugs in the world. Over a billion
adults legally smoke tobacco every day. The long term health costs are high-for smokers themselves, and
for the wider community in terms of health care costs and lost productivity.
Do governments have a legitimate role to legislate to protect citizens from the harmful effects of their own
decisions to smoke, or are such decisions up to the individual?

Read Aloud: Read the followings.

Question 1
Certain types of methodology are more suitable for some research projects than others. For example, the use
of questionnaires and surveys is more suitable for quantitative research whereas interviews and focus
groups are more often used for qualitative research purposes.
Question 2
Pluto was one of the nine planets recognized to our solar system. But in 2021, it was relegated to the official
status of dwarf planet by the international astronomical union (IAU). It will bring into clear focus once
more what is, and what isn’t, meant by the term planet.