LANDMARK UNIVERSITY

MID-SEMESTER EXAM
COURSE CODE: GST 211

COURSE TITLE: PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC & HUMAN EXISTENCE

COURSE UNIT: 2

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

TIME ALLOWED: 50 minutes.

(1) Philosophy starts in Wonder, according to……………………

(A) Aristotle (B) Socrates (C) Plato (D) Thales (E) David Hume

(2)Philosophy teaches us to be all of the following except………………..

(A)atheist (B) moral (C) dogmatic (D) critical (E) All of the above

(3) What is today known as philosophy is said to have originated from………………….

(A) Greek (B) Africa (C) America (D) Latin (E) Asia

(4) The word ‘Sophia’ means…………………

(A) Knowledge (B) Love (C) Substance (D) Unknown. (E) Innate

(5) Which of the following is not branch of philosophy?

(A) Morality (B) Metaphysics (C) Logic (D) Ethics (E) Axiology

(6) The branch of philosophy that is interested in the study of being is called…………………?

(A) Metaphysic (B) Logic (C) Epistemology (D) Ethics (E) Aesthetics

(7) Which of the branch of philosophy is likened to the roots of the tree?

(A) Metaphysics (B) Logic (C) Ethics (D) Epistemology (E) Morality

(8) Who was the philosopher that is connected with question 7 above?

(A) Rene Descartes (B) John Locke (C) Aristotle (D) David Hume (E) Plato
(9) Which of the following is not a component part of knowledge, according to the traditional
philosophers?

(A) Certainty (B) Belief (C) Justification (D) Truth (E) All of the above

(10) Who among the following philosophers is not a rationalist?

(A) David Hume (B) Plato (C) Rene Descartes (D) Socrates (E) Kant

(11) For the rationalists, knowledge begins in …………………………..?

(A) Reasoning (B) Experience (C) Wonder (D) Emotion (E) Greece

(12) Who among the Sophists claimed that man is the measure of all things?

(A) Protagoras (B) Pythagoras (C) Georgias (D) Socrates (E) Heraclitus

(13) Which of the theories of truth asserts that for any proposition to be true, it must be
capable of solving human problems?

(A) Pragmatic theory (B) Correspondent theory (C) Coherent theory (D) A &B (E) None of the
above

(14) Ethics deals with the systematic study of …………….?

(A) Human conducts (B) Morality of God’s action (C) Human knowledge (D) Human reasoning (E) A&B

(15) According to the Utilitarian, an action is good because, it

(A) promotes the happiness of the majority is ordained by God (B) is ordained by God (C) promotes the
interests of the minority (D) promotes pleasure. (E) is dictated by reason

(16) Who is usually regarded as the foremost exponent of the Utilitarian theory in ethics?

(A) Jeremy Bentham (B) J. S Mill (C) Immanuel Kant (D) John Locke (E) Hegel

(17) According to John Locke, knowledge I by …………………

(A) Experience (B) Recollection (C)Study (D) Re

apsoning (E) Intuition

(18) Rene Descartes arrived at indomitable knowledge through his ………………

(A) Methodic doubt (B) Epistemological doubt (C) Methodism (D) Rational criticism (E) Pure reasoning

(19) Corgito Ergo Sum means………………

(A) I doubt, therefore I exist (B) I exist, therefore, I doubt (C) I exist, therefore, I doubt (D) I doubt that I
exist. (E) All of the above

(20) The claim that we are born with knowledge is called……………..?

(A) Innatism (B) Empiricism (C) Rationalism (D) Materialism (E) Idiotism

(21) Which of the following principles holds that all human actions obey the natural laws?

(A) Determinism (B) Idealism (C) Freewill (D) Skepticism (E) Solipsism

(22) In African Metaphysics, the Yoruba believe that ‘Ori’ is moulded by the minister called………..?

(A)Ajala(B) Orunmila (C) Sango (D) Olodumare (E ) Ogun

(23) According to Ryle, anyone who makes a distinction between mind and body commits………….?

(A) Categorical mistake (B) Categorical imperative (C) Hypothetical imperative (E) Hypothetical mistake

(24) Which of the following argument was used by St Anselm to prove the existence of God?

(A) Ontological argument (B) Argument from Motion (C) Cosmological argument (D) Moral argument (E)
A&B

(25) Who among the following is associated with the theory of pre-established harmony?

(A) Leibniz (B) Descartes (C) Plato (D) Ryle (E) Spinoza

(26) Which of the following school in ethics holds that what is good or bad depends on whether or not
the result of the action produces pleasure?

(A) Hedonism (B) Teleology (C) Situational ethics (D) Deontology (E) Consequentialism

(27) For Plato, there exist two worlds which are, worlds of

(A)Forms and appearance (B) Heaven and Hell (C) Noumenal and Phenomenal (D) Paradise and Earth
(E) All of the above.

(28) An attempt to move from the phenomenal world to comprehend things in the noumenal world
leads to………………….., according to Kant

(A) Transcendental illusion (B) Categorical Mistake (C) Mystery (D) Fallacy (E) Ignorance

(29) The branch of ethics that deals with the study of beauty is called………………?

(A)Aesthetics (B) Meta-ethics (C) Normative (D) Axiology (E) Fashion

(30) According to the logical positivists, metaphysical statements are meaningless because, they are…..
(A) verifiable by experience (B) not verifiable (C) not reliable (D) also ethical statements (E) A&C

(31) Which of the branches of philosophy is regarded as the Master of Science?

(A) Metaphysics (B) Epistemology (C)Ethics (D) Logic (E) Axiology

(32) The disciple of Aristotle that is connected with the origin and meaning of metaphysics is ………..

(A) Andronicus (B) Plato (C) Rene Descartes (D) David Hume (E) Richard Taylor

(33) The most famous among the existentialist philosophers is …………

(A)Jean Sartre (B) Soren Kiekegargard (C) Albert Camus (D) Henri Bergson (E) Unamuno

(34) According to the existentialists,

(A) existence precedes essence (B) essence precedes existence (C) essence and existence are
simultaneous (D) essence and existence are the same. (E) A OR B

(35) Who among these philosophers is famous with the dictum; “men, know thyself”?

(A) Socrates (B) Plato (C) Aristotle (D) Thales (E) Sartre

(36) Who among the following philosophers used moral argument to prove the existence of God?

(A) Immanuel Kant (B) St Anselm (C) Thomas Aquinas (D) Rene Descartes (E) St Augustine

(37) According to Plato, human mind once existed in ……………..before it became imprisoned in the body.

(A) world of Forms (B) paradise (C) world of appearances (D) world of forms (E) Phenomena

(38)The notorious philosopher who claimed that God is dead is……………..

(A) Fredrick Nitczhe (B) Fredrick Hegel (C) Jean Sartre (D) Aristotle (E) Karl Marx

(39) For Sartre, the only nature that man has is…………………

(A) freedom (B) death (C) possibility (D) facticity (E) no nature

(40)According to the existentialists, obstacles hinder freedom. (A) false (B) true (C) A & B (D) None of the
above (E) All of the above

(41) The greatest possibility of a man, according to the existentialists is………………..

(A) to die (B) to become very successful (C) to be very rich (D) to make heaven. (E) to be influential

(42) The branch of philosophy that deals with the scientific study of correct reasoning is called…………..

(A) Logic (B) Philosophy of argument (C) Metaphysics (D) Epistemology (E) Aesthetics
(43) The act of drawing a conclusion from a set of premises is called……………..

(A)Inference making (B) Induction (C) Deduction (D) Proposition (E) Argument

(44) To every argument, there must be only one premise (A) False (B) True (C) A&B (D) None of the
above (E) All of the above

(45) Which of the following is not a conclusion indicator?

(A) Since (B) Therefore (C) So (D) Consequently (E) As a result

(46) For any argument to be valid,

(A) the conclusion must flow from the premises (B) the premises must flow from the conclusion (C) the
conclusion must be sound (D) there must be no contradiction in it. (E) A&B

(47) Which of the following is a premise indicator?

(A) In that (B) Then (C) Hence (D) It goes without saying (E) So

(48) Which of these propositions is true?

(A) All arguments have one conclusion. (A) An arguments can be deductive or inductive. (B) All valid
arguments are sound (C) All arguments have one premise. (D) An argument can be a premise or
conclusion (E) C&D

(49) Which of these is correct of a deductive argument?

(A) In it, we move from the unknown to the known (B) The premises flow from the conclusion. (C) It
contains only one premise (D) In it, we move from the known to the unknown (E) A&B

(50) All sound arguments are valid arguments. (A) True (B) False (C) A&B (D) All of the above (E) None
of the above

(51)A proposition can be adjudged as,

(A) True or false (B) Wrong or right (C) Good or bad (D) Correct or incorrect (E) C&D

(52) The thought expressed in a set of orderly group of words is called a……..

(A) Proposition (B) Sentence (C) Statement (D) Declaration (E) Verdict

(53) Two atomic propositions are joined what is known as……………..

(A) Connective (B) Conjunct (C) Disjunction (D) Conjunction (E) Linkers

(54) Which of these is true when the opposite is false?

(A) Negation(B) Disjunction (C) Conjunction (D) Bi- Conditional (E) A&B
(55)Which of these logical connectives has the sign of triple bars?

(A) Bi-conditional (B) Conjunction (C) Negation (D) Disjunction (E) All of the above

(56) When two atomic propositions are joined by ‘or’, they formed………………

(A) Adjunct (B)Conjunction (C) Disjunction (D) Disjunction (E) Bi-conditional

(57) Conjunction I true only when

(A) Both propositions are true (B) The first proposition is true (C) When both propositions are false

(D) The second proposition is true. (E) None of the above

(58) Bi-conditional propositions are false only when

(A)both propositions have the same truth-value (B) the two propositions are true (C) both propositions
are false

(D) the two propositions are true (E) C&D

(59) Disjunction is false only when

(A) Both propositions are false (B) Either of the propositions is false (C) The first proposition is true. (D)
The second proposition is true (E) A&B

(60) Which of the logical connectives is preceded by ‘if…….then’?

(A) Conditional (B) Conjunction (C) Negation (D) Bi-conditional (E) Equivalence

(61)By what rule of inference does P become P V q?

(A) Addition (B) Simplification (C) Absorption (D) Conjunction (E) Disjunction

(62) Which of the rules of inference is in the form of P .q, therefore P?

(A) Conjunction (B) Addition (C) Absorption (D) Modus Ponens (E) Simplification

(63) ‘All dogs are animals ‘ is an example of……….proposition?

(A) A (B) O (C I (D) E (E) U

(64) A propositions are distributed at the

(A) Subject positions only (B) Subject and objects positions (C) Object positions only (D) Not distributed
at all (E) None of the above

(65) Which of the categorical propositions is distributed at the object position but undistributed at the
subject position?
(A) O (B) A (C)E (D) I (E) A&B

(66) ‘No soldiers are rebel’ is an example of ……………proposition?

(A) E (B) I (C) O (D) A (E) B&C

(67) Point out the fallacy committed in this argument; ‘all Chelsea F. C. players are good, therefore,
Chelsea is a good team.’ Fallacy of

(A)Composition (B)Ignorance (B) Appeal to pity (D) Use of force (E) C&D

(68) ‘The blind man testified that he saw John stealing the money, therefore, certainly, John must have
stolen the money, more so, the blind man can be trusted for telling the truth always’ commits the fallacy
of …………?

(A) Appeal to incompetent authority (B) Popularity (C) Hasty generalization (D) False cause (E) Division

(69) ‘Some animals are not goats’ is an example of ……….proposition?

(A) O (B) A (C) I (D) E (E) U

(70) One of the greatest logicians to have ever lived was……….

(A) Aristotle (B) Socrates (C) Plato (D)Thales (E) John Locke
 LANDMARK UNIVERSITY

ALPHA SEMESTER EXAM

COURSE CODE: GST 311

COURSE TITLE: HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

COURSE UNIT: 2

INSTRUCTION: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

TIME ALLOWED: 50 MINUTES.

(1) A critical evaluation of organized body of knowledge is called………………….?

(A) Philosophy of Science (B) History of Science (C) Science (D) Philosophy (E) Metaphysics

(2) What makes a particular discipline a science is it’s ……………………..

(A) Method of study (B) Objective of the study (C) Object of study (D) Experimentation (E) Collection
of data

(3)Systematic as a feature of scientific knowledge implies ……………………..

(A) Scientific knowledge follows some basic rules (B) Scientific knowledge is free from influence of the
researcher (C) Knowledge is objective (D) Scientific knowledge is verifiable (E) A&B =C

(4) Which of the following is not a characteristic of scientific knowledge?

(A) Subjectivity (B) Objectivity (C) Rationality (D) Verification (E) Predictability

(5) The aims of science include the following except………………….

(A) Destroying the world (B) Controlling the world (C) Understanding the world (D) Improving the world
(E) B&C

(6)Science is classified into natural and social sciences based on ………………………….

(A) Objects of study(B) Methodology (c) Objectives of study (D) Subjects of study (E) A&B

(6) Sociology is an example of …………………science

(A) Social (B) Formal (C) Natural (D) Empirical (E) Physical

(7) Mathematics and Statistics are examples of ……………………science

(A) Formal (B) Natural (C) Social (D) Empirical (E) Physical

(8) Physical science is also known as ……………….science?

(A) Natural (B) Formal (C) Social (D) Biological (E) B&C

(9) The type of science that strictly adheres to the use of rules is called………………….?

(A) Formal science (B)Natural science (B) Social science (D) Empirical science Physical Science

(10) Paul Feyeranbend is a/an…………………….. Pragmatist?

(A) Polish (B) Danish (C) American (D) Greek (E) French

(11) Another world for assumption in science is ………………………?

(A) Conjecture (B) Theory (C) Law (D) Objective knowledge (E) Verisimilitude

(12) An example of non-scientific discipline is…………….?

(A) Theology (B) Mathematics (C) Sociology (D) Geology (E) Zoology

(13) Which of the natural laws is based on the principle of cause and effect? The law of

(A) causation (B) gravitation (C) natural selection (D) motion (E) uniformity

(14) Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein are usually associated with the law of …………..?

(A)Gravitation (B) Causation (C) Motion (D) Uniformity (E) Natural Selection

(15) Science is said to have originated from a /an ……………………..word?

(A) Latin (B) French (C) America (D) Greek (E) Egyptian

(16) Who among the ancient scientists held that change is illusion?

(A) Parmenides (B) Heraclitus (C) Thales (D) Democritus (E) Empedocles

(17) Thales was by profession, a………………………..?

(A) Sailor (B) Fisherman (C) Teacher (D) Farmer (E) Hunter
(18) Who among the following do not belong to this group?

(A) Anaximander ( B) Socrates (C) Aristotle (D) Plato (E) None of the above

(19) The Egyptians were famous for the following except ………………?

(A)Biology (B) Astronomy (C) Medicine (D) Mathematics (E) None of the above

(20) The Medieval period lasted till ………………AD?

(A) 1400 (B) 476 (C) 467 (D) 674 (E) 764

(21) The medieval period can be divided into the ……………………..?

(A) Dark Age and Renaissance periods (B) Medieval and Modern periods (C) Dark Age and Contemporary
periods (D) Dark Age and Stone periods (E) Ancient and Modern periods

(22)Religious dogmatism took over the larger part of the ………………..period in the history of science?

(A)Medieval (B) Ancient (C) Modern (D) Contemporary (E) B&C

(23) Latent heat was discovered by Joseph Black in the year……?

(A) 1750 (B) 1861 (C) 1932 (D) 1928 (E) 1828

(24) Atomic Number was discovered in 1932 by ………………?

(A) Henry Moseley (B) George Ohm (C) Louis Pasteur (D) Joseph Black (E) Louis Ohmn

(25) The aspect of philosophy that deals with the study of beauty is a branch of………………?

(A) Ethics (B) Metaphysics (C) Logic (D) Epistemology (E) Axiology

(26) The Pre-Socratic philosophers were regarded as scientists because

(A) they offered materialistic explanations to the challenges of their time (B) they denied the existence
of God (C) they asked question about nature (D) they criticized the existing practices. (E) they were all
Greeks

(27) According to Bamikole, the method of Mathematics is …………?

(A)Proof (B) Prove (C) Experimentation (D) Methodism (E) Observation

(28) …………….regarded Metaphysics as the Master of Science

(A) Aristotle (B) Rene Descartes (C) Richards Taylor (D) David Hume (E) A. J Ayer

(29) Philosophy is coined from………………language?

(A) Greek (B) French (C) Latin (D) Egyptian (E) American
(30) One lesson Philosophy teaches is that, we should be……….?

(A) Critical (B) Dogmatic (C) stoical (D) Original (E) Radical

(31) A critical evaluation of organized body of knowledge is called…………….?

(A)Philosophy of Science (B) History of Science (C) Metaphysics (D) Science (E) Sciential

(32) Who among the following argued that there is no logical connection between cause and effect?

(A) David Hume (B) Karl Marx (C) Karl Popper (D) Paul Feyeranbend (E) Rene Descartes

(33) The logical positivists hold that metaphysical statements are meaningless because

(A) they are not open to verification (B) they contain sophistries and illusions (C) they contain
contradictions (D) they are not scientific (E) B&C

(34)The case against the principle of induction is that,

(A) knowledge gained from it is not reliable for the future use (B) knowledge gained from it is not
verifiable (C) every situation cannot be observed (D) it over-generalizes (E) it leads to contradiction

(35) Who among the following opines that the only valid principle that is applicable is science is
deduction?

(A)Karl Popper (B) David Hume (C) Nicholas Copernicus (D) Paul Feyeranbend (E) John Locke

(35) For Popper, truth is not attainable in science but the best that can be hoped for is what he called….?

(A)Verisimilitude (B) Testability (C) Falsifiability (D) Verifiability (E) skepticism

(36)The purpose of testing a hypothesis, according to Popper, is to ………it

(A) Falsify (B) Corroborate (C) Verify (D) Testify (E) confirm

(37) Science, according to Popper, makes progress through…….?

(A)Trial and error (B) Falsification (C) Refutation (D) Observation (E) Experimentation

(38) The logical positivists are of the position that hypotheses are tested in order to…….them

(A)Confirm (B) Corroborate (B) Falsify (D) Vindicate (E) A&B

(38) The fallacy that is often committed in science is that of ……….?

(A) Over-generalization (B) Ignorance (c) False cause (D) Appeal to pity (E) Composition

(39)The second stage in any scientific research, according to Popper is …………….

(A) Formulation of hypothesis (B) Observation (C) Identification of problem (D) Testability of hypothesis
(E) None of the above

(40) To the logical positivists, the second stage of scientific research is ……

(A) Identification of problem (B) Formulation of hypothesis (C) testability of hypothesis (D) Observation
(E) C&D

(41) Paul Feyeranbend is opposed to …….. in Science?

(A) Methodism (B) Anarchism (c) Skepticism (D) ‘Anything goes’ (E) Epistemological anarchism

(42) Feyeranbend is however in favour of

(A) Epistemological anarchism (B) Political anarchism (C) Methodical Methodism (D) Systematical
anarchism (E) Methodism

(43) For Feyeranbend, Methodism is

(A) dogmatic (B) unreliable (C) too methodical (D) critical (E) too conventional

(44) Unnecessary adherence to rules of conducting research is tagged………?

(A)Methodism (B) Anarchism (C) ‘Anything goes’ (D) Dogmatism (E) C&D

(45) Which of these is false about Paul Feyeranbend?

(A) He is totally opposed to the use of methods in science (B) He is in support of anarchism in science
(C) He is opposed to fixed and universal rules in science (D) His only rule in science is that there is no rule
(E) None of the above

(46) Feyeranbend hinges his rejection of Methodism on

(A) the intelligence of human brain (B) the fact that knowledge is impossible (C) the relativity of
knowledge (D) the fact that science survives on ignorance (E) All of the above

(47) The geocentric theory was propounded by…………..

(A)Aristotle (B) Karl Popper (C) Paul Feyeranbend (D) David Hume (E) Rene Descartes

(48)According to the geocentric theory

(A) the earth is at the centre of the universe (B) the solar system is at the centre of the universe (C) the
sun is at the centre of the universe (D) the universe is at the centre of the sun (E) None of the above

(49) The following were predecessors of Nicholas Copernicus except………

(A) Galileo (B) De Cusa (C) Ptolemy (D) Aristarchus (E) B&C
(50) The heliocentric theory holds that

(A) the sun is at the centre of the universe (B) the earth is at the centre of the universe (C) the earth and
the sun are the same (D) the universe and the earth surround the sun (E) A&B

(51) The heliocentric theory is a brain child of

(A) Nicholas Copernicus (B) Aristotle (C) Thales (D) Feyeranbend (E) Karl Popper

(52) The third planet to the sun is the ………..

(A) Earth (B) Pluto (C) Saturn (D) Mars (E) Uranus

(53) George Ohm discovered electricity in………

(A) 1827 (B) 1750 (C) 1861 (D) 1932 (E) 1927

(54) Radioactivity was discovered by …………………

(A) Henri Becquerel (B) Louis Pasteur (C) James Chadwick (D) Joseph Black (E) George Ohm

(55) In 1928, Paul Dirac discovered………..

(A) Quantum Mechanic (B) Neutron (C) Atomic Number (D) Gas Law (E) Electricity

(56) The ancient scientist who held that everything is in the state of flux is …………

(A) Heraclitus (B) Parmenides (C) Democritus (D) Socrates (E) Aristotle

(57) Atom was first discovered by………………..

(A) Democritus (B) Protagoras (C) Thales (D) Heraclitus (E) Pythagoras

(58) The Alexandrian Library in Rome was destroyed by the ……………….

(A) Barbarians (B) Spartans (C) Babylonians (D) Greeks (E) Americans

(59) Notable scientists produced by the medieval period included………..

(A) Dante (B) Anaximander (C) Plato (D) Galileo (E) Albert Einstein

(60) Before the Milessian School,………explanations were offered for puzzles among the Greeks?

(A) Theological (B) Moral (C) Rational (D) Materialistic (E) Sophisticated

(61) Which of the laws of science holds that nothing happens by chance?
(A) Law of causation (B) Law of Gravitation (C) Law of motion (D) Law of uniformity (E) Law of Selection

(62) Conjectures and assumptions in science are also known as…………………….

(A) Hypotheses (B) Laws (C) Experimentations (D) Theories (E) None of the above

(63) Charles Darwin is famous with which of the following scientific laws?

(A) Law of natural selection (B) Law of gravitation (C) Law of motion (D) law of causation (E) Law of
uniformity

(64) Verifiability as a feature of scientific knowledge implies that

(A) Scientific knowledge is open to others. (B) Scientific knowledge is not influenced by anything (C)
scientific knowledge is orderly (D) scientific knowledge is internally consistence (E) Scientific laws are
discovered

(65) Rationality and logicality in science imply that

(A)Scientific knowledge is internally consistent (B) Scientific knowledge is not influenced by anything (C)
scientific knowledge is orderly (D) scientific knowledge is open for verification (E) Scientific laws are
made by logicians.

(66) Theoretical Physics is an example of…………..science?

(A) Formal (B) Social (B) Empirical (D) Natural (E) physical =C

(67) The type of science that makes use of rules in carrying out research is call………….?

(A) Formal (B) Social (C) Empirical (D) Natural (E) Physical

(68) The branch of philosophy that is closely connected to science is ………..?

(A) Metaphysics (B) Epistemology (C) Ethics (D) Logic (E) Axiology

(69) The point of similarity between philosophy and science is their ………..?

(A) Objective (B) Objectivity (C) methodology (D) Challenge (E) A&C

(70) The chronicle study of objective and unbiased knowledge is called…………..?

(A) History of science (B) Science (C) Epistemology (D) Philosophy of Science (E) Science