SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

LESSON 6 OUTLINING
WHAT I NEE TO KNOW
Competency 4: Outlines Reading Texts in Various Disciplines
Learning Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the learners shall be able to:
1. define outlining;
2. identify the various techniques in outlining; and
3. make an outline of the various academic texts.

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
Quarter 1 – Module 1 Week 6
OUTLINING
WHAT I KNOW
Directions. Identify whether or not the following statements support the principle of outlining. In
your notebook, write the letter of your answer.
1. Leo is writing a story about native birds in Virginia. Which fact for outlining idea doesn't belong?
A. The amount of colors on the male Cardinal
B. Flamingos get their color from eating shrimp
C. How many species are there of the Blue Jay?
2. Which technique is used to outline a successful essay?
A. Writing down all possible essay topics
B. Finding quotes by unknown people to backup essay
C. Writing down the main idea and all paragraph topics
3. Tavis is writing an essay on the features of the ocean floor, which idea doesn't belong in his
essay?
A. The ocean floor is a very interesting part of Earth.
B. Volcanoes can spew hot lava everywhere.
C. There are many parts to the ocean floor.
4. Thesis statements should preview what each topic sentence is about.
A. True B. False
5. What is a hook?
A. opening sentence that captures the reader's attention
B. the last sentence of a paragraph
C. a tool used to catch a fish
D. a boring sentence

WHAT IS IT
What is Outlining?
Outlining is a tool we use in the writing process to help organize our ideas, visualize
our paper's potential structure, and to further flesh out and develop points. It allows the writer to
understand how he or she will connect information to support the thesis statement and the claims
of the paper.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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 It is a helpful guide in organizing your paper. Outlines give a visual structure to your II. MAIN IDEA
work and are used to show relationships and hierarchies within your content. A. Subsidiary or supporting idea to II
B. Subsidiary idea to II
To outline, you must create a linear, organized plan for your paper that shows the main C. Subsidiary idea to II
ideas that you will discuss as well as their relationships within the paper.
III. MAIN IDEA

A. Organizing your idea in an outlining It is up to the writer to decide on how many main ideas and supporting ideas adequately describe
1. Begin by answering the question that the subject. However, traditional form dictates that if there is a I in the outline, there has to be a
2. leads to your thesis statement. II; if there is an A, there has to be a B; and so forth.
3. Use the two or three main ideas from
4. this technique as your main heading. Example Sentence Outline
5. Write subtopics for each main idea. The following outline is for a 5-7-page paper discussing the link between educational attainment
6. Write the supporting details for each of the subtopics. and health. Review the other sections of this page for more detailed information about each
component of this outline!
B. Use various outlines based on the structure you prefer
1. Sentence outline – Using complete sentences as entries. I. Introduction
2. Topic outline – Using words and phrases as entries. A. Current Problem: Educational attainment rates are decreasing in the United States
3. Paragraph outline – Using paragraphs as entries. while healthcare costs are increasing.
B. Population/Area of Focus: Unskilled or low-skilled adult workers
C. Key Terms: healthy, well-educated
C. Guidelines in Writing an Outline:
1. Place the title at the center above the outline. Thesis Statement: Because of their income deficit (cite sources) and general susceptibility to
2. Every level of the outline must have at least two items (I and II, A and B, 1 and 2). depression (cite sources), students who drop out of high school before graduation maintain a
3. Put a period after each numeral and letter. higher risk for physical and mental health problems later in life.
4. Indent each new level of the outline.
5. All items of one kind (roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals) should line up with II. Background
each other. A. Historical Employment Overview: Unskilled laborers in the past were frequently
6. Capitalize the first letter of each item. unionized and adequately compensated for their work (cite sources).
7. The terms Introduction, Body, and Conclusion do not have to be included in the outline. They B. Historical Healthcare Overview: Unskilled laborers in the past were often provided
are not topics; they are merely organizational units in the writer’s mind. adequate healthcare and benefits (cite sources).
C. Current Link between Education and Employment Type: Increasingly,
BASIC OUTLINE FORM uneducated workers work in unskilled or low-skilled jobs (cite sources).
I. MAIN IDEA D. Gaps in the Research: Little information exists exploring the health implications of
A. Subsidiary idea or supporting idea to I the current conditions in low-skilled jobs.
B. Subsidiary idea or supporting idea to I
1. Subsidiary idea to B III. Major Point 1: Conditions of employment affect workers' physical health.
2. Subsidiary idea to B A. Minor Point 1: Unskilled work environments are correlated highly with worker injury
a. Subsidiary idea to 2 (cite sources).
b. Subsidiary idea to 2 B. Minor Point 2: Unskilled work environments rarely provide healthcare or adequate
injury recovery time (cite sources).

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IV. Major Point 2: Conditions of employment affect workers' mental health A. Loss of Friends
A. Minor Point 1: Employment in a low-skilled position is highly correlated with B. Relationships with Dates
dangerous levels of stress (cite sources).
B. Minor Point 2: Stress is highly correlated with mental health issues (cite sources). WHAT’S MORE
Activity
V. Major Point 3: Physical health and mental health correlate directly with one another. Directions: The column on the left contains a list of points that are not in any specific order.
A. Minor Point 1: Mental health problems and physical health problems are highly Plug the unorganized points into the classic outline format on the right to achieve a logical,
correlated (cite sources). organized structure. Write your answer in your notebook following the outline on the right
B. Minor Point 2: Stress manifests itself in physical form (cite sources) column.

VI. Major Point 4: People with more financial worries have more stress and worse physical Thesis: College provides an environment for intellectual, social, and physical growth.
health.
A. Minor Point 1: Many high-school dropouts face financial problems (cite sources).
B. Minor Point 2: Financial problems are often correlated with unhealthy lifestyle Unorganized points Outline Structure
choices such unhealthy food choices, overconsumption/abuse of alcohol, chain smoking, abusive Open recreation center I. _________________________________
relationships, etc. (cite sources). Dorm contacts A. _______________________________
Intramural program 1. ____________________________
VII. Conclusion Campus sponsored events 2. ____________________________
A. Restatement of Thesis: Students who drop out of high school are at a higher risk Laboratories 3. ____________________________
for both mental and physical health problems throughout their lives. Intercollegiate sports programs B. ______________________________
B. Next Steps: Society needs educational advocates; educators need to be aware of Class contacts 1. ____________________________
this situation and strive for student retention in order to promote healthy lifestyles and warn Guest speakers 2. ____________________________
students of the risks associated with dropping out of school. Physical growth II. _______________________________
Informal social structure A. ______________________________
Example of Topic Outline Discussions 1. ______________________________
Several aspects must be considered in writing a topic outline. Clubs in major field Out-of- 2. ______________________________
1. Recall that all headings and subheadings must be words or phrases, not sentences. class experiences 3. _____________________________
2. Also, the wording within each division must be parallel. Greek organizations B. _______________________________
3. Finally, as in any outline, remember that a division or subdivision cannot be divided into one Lectures 1. ______________________________
part; therefore, if there is an "A" there must be a "B," and if there is a "1" there must be a "2." Classroom experiences
2. ______________________________
I. Family Problems Social growth
III. ________________________________
A. Custodial: Non-custodial Conflicts Intellectual growth
A. ______________________________
B. Extended Family Formal social structure
B. _______________________________
C. Adolescent's Age
C.______________________________
II. Economic Problems
A. Child Support B. Women's Job Training ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
C. Lower Standard of Living Activity
D. Possible Relocation
1. Poorer Neighborhood Directions: Read and analyze the text very carefully and create a topic outline or a sentence
2. New School outline. Write your answer in your notebook.

III. Peer Problems

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Your teeth and the structure of your mouth play important roles in your ability to eat, speak, and Read this passage and look at the outline:
stay healthy. Everyone has several different types of teeth. Each type has a unique name with
specific number of teeth, has development, has a slightly different shape, and performs different The English Lab, housed in the Administration building, consists of two adjoining rooms which
jobs and purpose. contain 70 Macintosh computers and 2 laser printers. In addition to a server which allows
instructors to make assignments and materials available over the Internet and to the local
The teeth in the front of your mouth, and the easiest to see, are called incisors. There are four intranet, each computer in the lab contains a word processor, a web browser, telnet and
incisors on the top and four on the bottom. Incisors are usually the first teeth to erupt — at around hundreds of commercial and teacher-authored programs appropriate for students who are
6 months for your baby teeth, and between ages 6 and 8 for your adult set. Incisors are shaped building their English skills. There are also 3 video stations, and a terminal to the college VAX
like tiny chisels with flat ends that are sharp. These teeth are used for cutting and chopping food. machine which is used for record-keeping.
They are the first teeth to chew most food we eat.
I. English Lab
The pointed teeth on either side of your incisors are called canine teeth. People have a total of A. Physical Plant
four canine teeth, two on top and two on the bottom. Primary canines generally appear between 1. in Administration building
16 and 20 months, with the upper canines coming in just ahead of the lower canines. Because 2. two adjoining rooms
they are pointed and sharp, they are used to tear food. B. Resources
1. computers
Next to your canine teeth are the premolars. You have eight premolars in all, four on top and four 2. video stations
on the bottom. The first premolars appear around age 10, with the second premolars arriving
about a year later. They have a completely different shape than both the incisors and canines. 1. In the above outline, which is the most important idea?
That is because premolars are bigger, stronger, and have ridges – all of which makes them A. English Lab B. Resources C. Computers D. Two
perfect for crushing and grinding food. adjoining rooms E. Physical Plant
Finally, there are your molars. You have eight of these, four on the top and four on the bottom. 2. In the above outline, which is the more important idea?
Molars are the toughest of the teeth. They are wider and stronger than premolars, and they have A. Physical Plant B. Resources C. Physical Plant and Resources are equal
more ridges. Molars work closely with your tongue to help you swallow food. The tongue sweeps adjoining rooms
chewed food to the back of your mouth, where the molars grind it until it is mashed up and ready D. Two adjoining rooms E. computers
to be swallowed. 3. In the above outline...

By age twenty, four more molars grow in the back of the mouth, one in each corner. These are
called the wisdom teeth. They appear between 12 and 28 months, People do not need wisdom
teeth now, but many years ago these teeth were necessary to help people chew tough plants,
which were an important part of the human diet. Now, many people get their wisdom teeth pulled
by a dentist, a doctor who takes care of teeth, to keep them from crowding their other teeth.
The next time you eat, pay attention to which teeth do which jobs. Having a cookie? Incisors do
a good job of biting into that tasty treat. What about a carrot? Those molars get the job done, not
the teeth in front. How about a slice of pizza or a piece of bread? Your canines will help you tear
at the food, and your premolars and molars will help you grind up that pepperoni pizza or peanut
butter and jelly sandwich.
POST ASSESSMENT
Directions: Study the outlines based on the passages and answer the questions that follow.
Write the letter of your choice in your notebook.
A. you could substitute "in the Administration building" with "two adjoining rooms"
B. you could flip "Resources" with "computers"
C. you could exchange "Physical Plant" with "English Lab"
D. and still not change the meaning of the outline.
E. you should be in the Administration building
Read this passage and look at the outline:
The Internet is an incalculable tool for research. It is a network of thousands of computers across
the world. Researchers, students, government agencies, schools, businesses and individuals
have left multi gigabytes of free information on these computers, available to anyone with a
computer and an Internet connection. There are thousands of "web sites", as they are called,
with text, pictures, sounds, and movie clips. You can see this material by simply sending out the
appropriate Internet address, and after a few moments, it appears on your screen. You can type
in the address directly, or you can automatically invoke an address by tapping on an icon or an

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underlined "link" on the home page of a web site that you already have on your screen. Often the 7. In the above outline, which is the most important idea?
information can be printed or downloaded (copied) directly to your local computer and saved on A. Types of money B. Types of measurement C. United States
your own diskette.
D. "Types of money" and "Types of measurement" are equal E. volume
I. The Internet
A. What it is 8. In the above outline, which is the more important idea?
B. Web Sites A. Other countries B. Francs C. Inches D. they are all equal. E. Miles
1. How to see them 9. In the above outline, which item is in the wrong place?
2. How to save the information A. Pesos B. Yen C. Types of measurement D. Pints E. Quarts
10. If you had to add the word "meters" to the outline, where would it go?
4. In the above outline, which is the most important idea? A. as number 4 under B - "Other Countries" B. as number 4 under B - "Length"
A. Web Sites B. What it is C. How to see them D. How to save C. as number 3 under A - "United States" D. as C under II-"Types of Money"
information E. The Internet E. as new section III.
5. In the above outline, which is the more important idea? A. How to see them
B. What it is C. How to save the information D. are all equal E. What shall I do WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
6. In the above outline, you could... I have learned the following important points
A. substitute "Web sites" for "The Internet" 1. Outlining is a tool we use in a writing process to help organize our ideas, and visualize our
B. substitute "How to see them" for "How to save the information" paper’s potential structure.
C. substitute "What it is" for "How to see them" 2. I can be an effective reader of any academic texts if I correctly follow the techniques
D. and still not change the meaning of the outline. outlining.
3. Outlining can be written in different styles.
E. all of the above 4. I can effectively write an essay if I can successfully assign the main ideas, supporting details,
and minor points in my outline.
Look at this outline
I. Types of measurement GOING DEEPER!
A. Volume LESSON:
1.Quarts ____________________________________________________________________________
2.Pints ____________________________________________________________________________
3.Gallons __________________________________
B. Length
1.Miles WHAT I WANT TO SAY ABOUT THE LESSON:
2.Feet ____________________________________________________________________________
3.Inches ____________________________________________________________________________
II. Types of money __________________________________
A. United States
1.Pesos WHAT I FOUND OUT:
2.Cents ____________________________________________________________________________
B. Other Countries ____________________________________________________________________________
1.Lira __________________________________
2.Yen
3.Francs