Permutation and Combination

1. How many 5-element subsets are in the set S = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}?

a. 65
b. 86
c. 56
d. 68
SOLUTION:
8! 8! 40320
C ( 8 , 5) = = = =56
( 8−5 ) ! 5 ! 3! 5 ! 720

2. A pizzeria is offering a special: for $6 you get a four-topping pizza. The choices
for toppings are pepperoni, sausage, olives, mushrooms, anchovies, peppers, and
onions. How many different 4-topping combinations are possible (assuming that
no topping can be repeated on a pizza)?
a. 45
b. 35
c. 50
d. 40

SOLUTION:

7 C 4=35

3. The password for Gomer's e-mail account consists of 5 characters chosen from
the set {g, o, m, e, r}. How many 5-character passwords are possible if a
password may have repeated characters?
a. 3225
b. 1325
c. 2135
d. 3125
SOLUTION:
( 5 ) ( 5 ) ( 5 ) (5 )( 5 )=3125
Probability
1. A bag contains 8 red balls and some white balls. If the probability of drawing
a white ball is half of the probability of drawing red then find the number of
white balls in the bag.
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6
Solution: let n be the number of white balls
The number of red ball is 8
Therefore the possible number of outcomes=n+8
8
The probability of drawing a red ball =
n+8

8 1 8
= ∙
n+8 2 n+ 8
n=4
2. A box contains of 90 discs numbered 1 to 90. One disc is drawn at random
from the box. What is the probability that it bears a two – digit number?
9
a.
10
7
b.
10
8
c.
10
6
d.
10

Solution:

Number of favourable numbers = 90-9=81

Number of favorable ooutcomes of the event E

Therefore: P ( E )=
Number of the posible outcomes

81
¿
90

9
¿
10
3. In question number 2, what is the probability that it is a perfect square?
2
a.
10
1
b.
10
3
c.
10
4
d.
10
Solution: Number of favourable numbers = 9(since 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64,
and 81 are perfect square)

Number of favorable ooutcomes of the event E

Therefore: P ( F ) =
Number of the posible outcomes

9
¿
90

1
¿
10
Trigonometry

1. The angle of inclination, from a point on the ground 30 feet away from the base of a
water tower to the top of water tower is 60 ° . Find the height of the water tower to
the nearest foot.
a. 50
b. 51
c. 53
d. 52
h
Let h denote the height of the tower then we have tan60 ° =¿ ¿
30

h=30 tan ( 60 ° )
h ft.
h=30 √ 3
60 °
h=51.96 ≈ 52 ft 30 ft.

2. How long must a ladder be to reach a windowsill 50 feet above the ground if the
ladder is resting against the building at an angle of 75 ° with the ground?
a. 50.76
b. 51.75
c. 51.76
d. 52.67
50
Let h denote the height of the tower then we have sin 75 °=¿ ¿
h

50
h=
sin ( 75 ° )

h=30 √ 3

h=51.76 h ft. 50 ft.

75 °
3. A right triangle has one angle of 60 ° and hypotenuse of 20. Find the unkown side
lengths and missing angle measure.
a. 10 √ 3 , 10
b. 11√ 5,10
c. 11√ 3,12
d. 10 √ 2 ,11

b
Since sin 60 °=¿ ¿ , we find
20 b
20
b=20 sin ⁡( 60)
60 °
h=10 √ 3 a

To find a:
2
a 2+(10 √ 3) =202
2
a =400−300

a=10