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<p><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></span></p><center><div style="border: 2px dashed rgb(23, 128, 221); height: 240px;

overflow: auto; padding: 10px; width: 330px;"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><span><b>DAFTAR ISI</b> </span><br /></span></span><div style="text-align:
left;"><span><span><a href="#tujuan"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;">1. Tujuan</span></a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span><a
href="#alat"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">2. Alat dan
Bahan</span></a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span>   </span><a
href="#alat1">2.1 Alat</a></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align:
left;"><span><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">
  <a href="#bahan">2.2 Bahan</a></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align:
left;"><span><span><a href="#dasar"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">3.
Dasar Teori</span></a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span><span
style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="#percobaan" style="background-color: #eeeeee;">4.
Percobaan</a></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span>
</span><span><a href="#prosedur">4.1 Prosedur
Percobaan</a></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span
</span><span><a href="#rangkaian">4.2 Rangkaian
Simulasi</a></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span><span
</span><span><a href="#video">4.3 Video Simulasi</a></span></span></span></div><div
style="text-align: left;"><span><span><a href="#download"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;">5. Download File</span></a></span></span></div></div></center><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color:
black; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US"
style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: black; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18.4px;">Aplikasi
Ruangan Rokok Otomatis</span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:
center;"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: black; font-
family: inherit; line-height: 18.4px;">Dengan sensor UV, Touch, Mq2, Flame,
Vibration.</span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:
center;"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: black; font-
family: inherit; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align: center;"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee;
color: black; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18.4px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-
align: center;"><a
href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-lctt7w04Z80/YDx5IF_YnHI/AAAAAAAAA3s/
FO6t526bkFImWkqQkqdTDgU2XkERHtUYwCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-
right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="300" height="319"
src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-lctt7w04Z80/YDx5IF_YnHI/AAAAAAAAA3s/
FO6t526bkFImWkqQkqdTDgU2XkERHtUYwCLcBGAsYHQ/w425-h319/image.png" width="425"
/></a></div><br /><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color:
black; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18.4px;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: inherit; line-height:
18.4px;"><span font-family:="" georgia=""><a href="#home" style="background-color: #eeeeee;">1.
Tujuan</a></span></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;
text-align: justify;"><span><span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit; line-height: 24px;">a. Mempelajari rangkaian gabungan sensor UV , Flame , Mq2 , Touch sensor ,
Sensor getar<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><span><span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 24px;">b. Memahami cara kerja
rangkaian gabungan <o:p></o:p></span></span></span><span>sensor UV , Flame , Mq2 , Touch
sensor , Sensor getar</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align:
justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span><span><span lang="EN-
US" style="line-height: 24px;">c. Melakukan simulasi rangkaian
gabungan </span></span></span><span>sensor UV , Flame , Mq2 , Touch sensor , Sensor
getar</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b style="background-color:
#eeeeee;"><br /></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b
style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></b></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"><a
href="#home" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span font-family:="" georgia="">2</span>. Alat
dan Bahan</a></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"><a name="alat1"></a><a
href="#home"><span font-family:="" georgia="">2.1
Alat</span></a></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="MsoNormal"
style="color: #565656;"><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-
height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1. Voltmeter</span></span></b></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><span
style="line-height: 17.12px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EK5ml3BVYDk/X8dD84jPE8I/AAAAAAAABOs/xE_lDyAgXIQhtHh1INB-
hW22d4sUKW8YACLcBGAsYHQ/s368/voltmeter.jpg" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-
right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="368" data-original-
width="342" height="219"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EK5ml3BVYDk/X8dD84jPE8I/AAAAAAAABOs/xE_lDyAgXIQhtHh1INB-
hW22d4sUKW8YACLcBGAsYHQ/w205-h219/voltmeter.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial;
background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position:
initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); box-
shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="205" /></a></div><br
/></span></b><span style="line-height: 17.12px;">DC Voltemeter merupakan alat ukur yang digunakan
untuk mnegukur tegangan DC. </span></span><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator"
style="clear: both;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;"></span></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-
indent: 36pt;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height:
24px;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />2. Baterai</span></b></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span
style="line-height: 24px;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cEwVPu0CMdQ/X8dHwIyx94I/AAAAAAAABQc/
mUXWiX4D2qQIHAFBsvZD-SfYNHO54P2wACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/BATERAIIIIII.jpg" style="color: #1a268e;
margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-
height="320" data-original-width="320" height="239" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
cEwVPu0CMdQ/X8dHwIyx94I/AAAAAAAABQc/mUXWiX4D2qQIHAFBsvZD-
SfYNHO54P2wACLcBGAsYHQ/w239-h239/BATERAIIIIII.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial;
/></b></span></span><span style="line-height:
24px;"><b> <b>  </b></b>  Digunakan sebagai sumber tegangan pada
rangkaian.</span></span><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="cursor:
url("https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/proxy/qp9VZiWzALoCn8RHFaBH2bEvB9gHRFvAgNj6Gf8LA
8IjO_r5THKTUjAADrIqb5nijhvVIVrpxM5A3Azes8GVVmlrCYjWNBA=s0-d"), auto !important; text-
indent: -24px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;">  Konfigurasi pin</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b style="cursor:
indent: -24px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-89f06F1Iz54/X8dH5uSpMeI/AAAAAAAABQg/
Sla_VjAp4Xw2RRcifrX7braaDfUvsOPsACLcBGAsYHQ/s382/konfigurasi%2Bpin%2Bbaterai.png"
style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img
border="0" data-original-height="154" data-original-width="382" height="161"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-89f06F1Iz54/X8dH5uSpMeI/AAAAAAAABQg/
Sla_VjAp4Xw2RRcifrX7braaDfUvsOPsACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h161/konfigurasi%2Bpin%2Bbaterai.png"
style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-
origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border:
1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position:
relative;" width="400" /></a></div></b><br /><b style="cursor:
indent: -24px;">    Spesifikasi</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b
style="cursor:
indent: -24px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator"
style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sZfD7XwU9Lg/X8dIHaEnD-
I/AAAAAAAABQo/UTXO4yc8_28UcLlImx18FYLC4QItbBLDQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/spesifikasi
%2Bbaterai.png" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line:
none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="213" data-original-width="640" height="133"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sZfD7XwU9Lg/X8dIHaEnD-I/AAAAAAAABQo/
UTXO4yc8_28UcLlImx18FYLC4QItbBLDQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h133/spesifikasi%2Bbaterai.png"
relative;" width="400" /></a></div><br /> </span></b></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div></div><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-
height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></b></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><a
name="bahan"></a><a href="https://taufik202009.blogspot.com/p/aplikasi-ruangan-rokok-
otomatis.html#home" style="color: #1a268e; text-decoration-line: none;"><span font-family:=""
georgia="">2.2 Bahan<br /></span></a></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><span
lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 24px;">A. </span></b><b><span style="line-height:
24px;">Resistor<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height:
24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div
class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
5JPuCOUsP70/XvoGWV_RheI/AAAAAAAAAzY/0ikPkxwcOnEeN6IvyzKW-4ur8vZLGFO5gCLcBGAsYHQ/
s1600/h.jpg" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line:
none;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-
height="224" data-original-width="320" height="185"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5JPuCOUsP70/XvoGWV_RheI/AAAAAAAAAzY/
0ikPkxwcOnEeN6IvyzKW-4ur8vZLGFO5gCLcBGAsYHQ/w260-h185/h.jpg" style="background-attachment:
initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-
position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233);
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="260"
/></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-
height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48px;"><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;">Spesifikasi resistor yang digunakan:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48px;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">a. Resistor 10 ohm</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: 48px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;">b. Resistor 220 ohm</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align:
justify; text-indent: 48px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">c. Resistor
10k ohm</span></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b
style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 48px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;">           Datasheet
resistor</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b style="text-align: justify; text-
indent: 48px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator"
style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-m4WeLsj9K2o/X8dEULMYt8I/AAAAAAAABO0/ZH99l8Bm-
IIVPFO8_f3aFH3lXe3l6EhMACLcBGAsYHQ/s600/datasheet%2Bresistor.JPG" style="color: #1a268e;
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-m4WeLsj9K2o/X8dEULMYt8I/AAAAAAAABO0/ZH99l8Bm-
IIVPFO8_f3aFH3lXe3l6EhMACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h165/datasheet%2Bresistor.JPG" style="background-
attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;
background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid
rgb(233, 233, 233); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;"
width="400" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kjAf7apq07M/X8dEZTXF3CI/AAAAAAAABO4/
BlkslOejmdQFr7eUFihlYvS8hWd4KPIZwCLcBGAsYHQ/s600/datasheet%2Bresistor2.JPG" style="color:
#1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-
original-height="592" data-original-width="600" height="390" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
kjAf7apq07M/X8dEZTXF3CI/AAAAAAAABO4/BlkslOejmdQFr7eUFihlYvS8hWd4KPIZwCLcBGAsYHQ/w395-
h390/datasheet%2Bresistor2.JPG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat:
initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px
1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="395" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear:
both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span></b></div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div
class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator"
style="clear: both;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">B. Logic State</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-
height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align:
center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gabb_waRwQI/X4cYZ7AG6bI/AAAAAAAAAV4/
VW_Aa28PV-EYMqbUNTzEiKcsJPmxgYIUgCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/c8ecfeebdc9f2c848e640aec767d0df1.jpg"
style="color: #b51200; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left; text-decoration-line:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gabb_waRwQI/X4cYZ7AG6bI/AAAAAAAAAV4/VW_Aa28PV-
EYMqbUNTzEiKcsJPmxgYIUgCLcBGAsYHQ/w185-h185/c8ecfeebdc9f2c848e640aec767d0df1.jpg"
relative;" width="185" /></span></a></div><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-
origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; line-
height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 60.55pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 24px;"></span></span></p><p
class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial;
background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat:
repeat; background-size: initial; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 60.55pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FQzSQTPvK6c/YF1lG-C5NEI/AAAAAAAAAWA/
hLNdh4HPouIsQ_9ew5kxIHi3HKGo6O40wCLcBGAsYHQ/s789/Screenshot_1.png" style="clear: left; color:
#26d4b1; float: left; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-
decoration-line: none; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="92" data-original-width="789" height="66"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FQzSQTPvK6c/YF1lG-C5NEI/AAAAAAAAAWA/
hLNdh4HPouIsQ_9ew5kxIHi3HKGo6O40wCLcBGAsYHQ/w573-h66/Screenshot_1.png"
relative;" width="573" /></span></a><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-
height: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> <br
/></span></span></span></p><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-
color: #eeeeee; line-height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 17.12px;">C.</span></b><b><span
style="line-height: 17.12px;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:
17.12px;">Transistor NPN</span></b></span></div><p><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DFTt1K_FjCM/XvoItkibtTI/AAAAAAAAAz8/
VsX44C6ne4gBcf5yzUVSuC5cHc4F1UAJgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/bc547-buy-online-india--500x500.jpg"
style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500"
data-original-width="500" height="204"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DFTt1K_FjCM/XvoItkibtTI/AAAAAAAAAz8/
VsX44C6ne4gBcf5yzUVSuC5cHc4F1UAJgCLcBGAsYHQ/w204-h204/bc547-buy-online-india--500x500.jpg"
relative;" width="204" /></span></a></div><p><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><br /><span style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
        Transistor NPN merupakan jenis transistor
bipolar yang menggunakan arus listrik kecil dan tegangan positif pada terminal Basis untuk
mengendalikan aliran arus dan tegangan yang lebih besar dari Kolektor ke Emitor. Komponen ini
berfungsi sebagai penguat, pemutus dan penyambung (switching), stabilitasi tegangan, modulasi sinyal,
dan lain lain. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial;
initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #505050; line-height:
14.85pt; margin: 0in 0in 0in 35.45pt; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align:
baseline;"><span style="background: 0px 0px rgb(238, 238, 238); border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding:
0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-attachment:
position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding:
0px; vertical-align: baseline;">   </span>Spesifikasi dan konfigurasi
pin:</span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-attachment: initial;
initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; line-height:
19.8px; margin: 15.75pt -0.3pt 0cm 35.45pt; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align:
baseline;"></p><div class="separator" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat:
initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #222222; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-
align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qcXFOwDwgpA/X7D92zgTpBI/AAAAAAAALww/
pvUlMixHIA44kOHom7e2_a2RB2ti_tbkACLcBGAsYHQ/s520/npn11.PNG" style="background-
background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; clear:
none; color: #888888; float: none; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-
decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qcXFOwDwgpA/X7D92zgTpBI/AAAAAAAALww/
pvUlMixHIA44kOHom7e2_a2RB2ti_tbkACLcBGAsYHQ/w493-h347/npn11.PNG" style="background-
rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding:
8px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;" width="493" /></span></a></div><p><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;"><br style="color: #222222; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;" /></span></span></p><div
class="separator" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image:
initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-
size: initial; border: 0px; clear: both; color: #222222; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;
vertical-align: baseline;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D91tuxkZFhM/X7D93zuP6GI/AAAAAAAALw0/HkPIUCil6GAc-
0zTthuPhMlYzmiBK6XfQCLcBGAsYHQ/s589/npn2.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial;
background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px
0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #888888; float:
none; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none;
transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="589" data-original-width="515" height="535"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D91tuxkZFhM/X7D93zuP6GI/AAAAAAAALw0/HkPIUCil6GAc-
0zTthuPhMlYzmiBK6XfQCLcBGAsYHQ/w469-h535/npn2.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial;
shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;" width="469" /></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; line-height: 24px;"><b><span style="font-family:
inherit;">Spesifikasi</span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;
text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; line-height: 24px;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear:
both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ixErG8jlSk0/X8dFNMSUDMI/AAAAAAAABPU/f2-
424rYdhEFuNGh1VXdNT7JAt16CNm3QCLcBGAsYHQ/s562/spesifikasi%2BNPN.PNG" style="color:
ixErG8jlSk0/X8dFNMSUDMI/AAAAAAAABPU/f2-424rYdhEFuNGh1VXdNT7JAt16CNm3QCLcBGAsYHQ/
w400-h250/spesifikasi%2BNPN.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div><br
/></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:
17.12px;">D.</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 17.12px;"> </span></b><b><span
lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 17.12px;">Relay<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height:
17.12px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div><div class="separator"
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mf8tJEDsdk0/XvoLXB8sbkI/AAAAAAAAA0Q/
5TNrnGs7zzcQgU0JYjcruliXm1h_WkdowCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/jenis-jenis-relay.webp" style="color:
#1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="333" data-original-
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mf8tJEDsdk0/XvoLXB8sbkI/AAAAAAAAA0Q/
5TNrnGs7zzcQgU0JYjcruliXm1h_WkdowCLcBGAsYHQ/w279-h204/jenis-jenis-relay.webp"
relative;" width="279" /></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US"
style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-
indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;">Relay adalah Saklar (Switch) yang dioperasikan secara listrik dan merupakan komponen
Electromechanical (Elektromekanikal) yang terdiri dari 2 bagian utama yakni Elektromagnet (Coil) dan
Mekanikal (seperangkat Kontak Saklar/Switch). Relay menggunakan Prinsip Elektromagnetik untuk
menggerakkan Kontak Saklar sehingga dengan arus listrik yang kecil (low power) dapat menghantarkan
listrik yang bertegangan lebih tinggi. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-
height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-
height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-
align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-b40IHEDwlYA/X45g22iijiI/AAAAAAAAAdk/
fszI8r3g9Z8SRFUjS9taWH912fnUqGkMwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1068/Pengertian-Relay-Fungsi-Dan-Cara-Kerja-
Relay_Featured-Image.jpg" style="clear: left; color: #b51200; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-
width="1068" height="145" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-b40IHEDwlYA/X45g22iijiI/AAAAAAAAAdk/
fszI8r3g9Z8SRFUjS9taWH912fnUqGkMwCLcBGAsYHQ/w233-h145/Pengertian-Relay-Fungsi-Dan-Cara-
Kerja-Relay_Featured-Image.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="233" /></a></div><b>Spesifikasi tipe relay: 5VDC-SL-
C</b><br />Tegangan coil: DC 5V<br />Struktur: Sealed type<br />Sensitivitas coil: 0.36W<br />Tahanan
coil: 60-70 ohm<br />Kapasitas contact: 10A/250VAC, 10A/125VAC, 10A/30VDC, 10A/28VDC<br
/>Ukuran: 196154155 mm<br />Jumlah pin: 5</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><b><span style="line-height:
24px;"><b>Konfigurasi Pin</b></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-
height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b><div
1YtLKIgX_Dc/X8dFg-LnZTI/AAAAAAAABPc/zNAyzsOI3dUWOiVqTGClqGgt9AxMatAdQCLcBGAsYHQ/
s400/pin%2Brelay.png" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-
line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="205" data-original-width="400"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1YtLKIgX_Dc/X8dFg-LnZTI/AAAAAAAABPc/
zNAyzsOI3dUWOiVqTGClqGgt9AxMatAdQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/pin%2Brelay.png" style="background-
width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align:
center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-exyyL2yes0I/X8dFuP7ZE2I/AAAAAAAABPk/
ZVLtpfmgbLAPBgkq_NesA-cM2EJ7Yt3IgCLcBGAsYHQ/s584/pin%2Brelay%2B2.png" style="color:
exyyL2yes0I/X8dFuP7ZE2I/AAAAAAAABPk/ZVLtpfmgbLAPBgkq_NesA-cM2EJ7Yt3IgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-
h264/pin%2Brelay%2B2.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
/></b></span></b></span><br /><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b><span style="line-height:
24px;"><b> </b></span></b><b>Datasheet Relay</b></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 24px;"><b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div
ylDtgvglJDw/X8dFz4SDinI/AAAAAAAABPs/_HMLTbIFOygonTu4k-X2KI3xWOgbuBWqgCLcBGAsYHQ/
s512/datasheet%2Brelay.JPG" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-
decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="512"
height="189" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ylDtgvglJDw/X8dFz4SDinI/AAAAAAAABPs/
_HMLTbIFOygonTu4k-X2KI3xWOgbuBWqgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h189/datasheet%2Brelay.JPG"
relative;" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align:
center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9fJpl3PJY20/X8dF3_gdwlI/AAAAAAAABP0/
XIpTKBxEHVE3Ks3F8tp298-7RiYJZjR7ACLcBGAsYHQ/s512/datasheet%2Brelay2.JPG" style="color:
9fJpl3PJY20/X8dF3_gdwlI/AAAAAAAABP0/XIpTKBxEHVE3Ks3F8tp298-7RiYJZjR7ACLcBGAsYHQ/w388-
h400/datasheet%2Brelay2.JPG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
/></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-
indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:
17.12px;">E.</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 17.12px;"> </span></b><b><span
lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 17.12px;">Dioda<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div
17.12px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div><div class="separator"
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--pBt4J5G8VY/XvoLnXzJUlI/AAAAAAAAA0Y/
QiV1LMumJEQfS5YyElXFVPbbP3LEql0vQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/dioda.jpg" style="color: #1a268e; margin-
left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="185" data-original-width="273"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--pBt4J5G8VY/XvoLnXzJUlI/AAAAAAAAA0Y/
QiV1LMumJEQfS5YyElXFVPbbP3LEql0vQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/dioda.jpg" style="background-attachment:
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div><div
class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div
class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jjwVRHa8XB4/X4-95XpTmMI/AAAAAAAAAg0/
O7pfxCAy3dg1Z7VPdq_YxqjZDB7EQs8JwCLcBGAsYHQ/s257/SPESIFIKASI%2BIODA.png" style="color:
#676767; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jjwVRHa8XB4/X4-95XpTmMI/AAAAAAAAAg0/
O7pfxCAy3dg1Z7VPdq_YxqjZDB7EQs8JwCLcBGAsYHQ/w309-h136/SPESIFIKASI%2BIODA.png"
relative;" width="309" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: right;"></div></div><div
17.12px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"
line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dioda adalah komponen aktif dua kutub yang
pada umumnya bersifat semikonduktor, yang memperbolehkan arus listrik mengalir ke satu arah
(kondisi panjar maju) dan menghambat arus dari arah sebaliknya (kondisi panjar
mundur).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US"
/></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-
color: #eeeeee; line-height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">F.
LED</span></span></b></div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><a
href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-q2RlF4ez4dI/X2sVHj3JFxI/AAAAAAAAAJU/
0mTPoplVqPEyZRfwUKggZWSbjFZGHLMtwCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="clear: left; color: #b51200;
margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt=""
data-original-height="800" data-original-width="800" height="208"
src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-q2RlF4ez4dI/X2sVHj3JFxI/AAAAAAAAAJU/
0mTPoplVqPEyZRfwUKggZWSbjFZGHLMtwCLcBGAsYHQ/w208-h208/image.png" style="background-
width="208" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1thIs-7GwB8/X4eNAk2rcZI/AAAAAAAAAW8/
mVV_jlfOCd4Zvi5gxZ-tVW5_6xXTBDfAgCLcBGAsYHQ/s512/unnamed.jpg" style="clear: right; color:
#676767; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none;"><img
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1thIs-7GwB8/X4eNAk2rcZI/AAAAAAAAAW8/mVV_jlfOCd4Zvi5gxZ-
tVW5_6xXTBDfAgCLcBGAsYHQ/w265-h225/unnamed.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial;
shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="265" /></a></span><div
class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 17.12px;"><span
style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span
/></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 17.12px;">G.</span></b><b><span
style="line-height: 17.12px;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:
17.12px;">OP-AMP<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span
lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;"><br /></span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align:
center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6OIJX1_XcfA/XvoM90rFD-I/AAAAAAAAA0s/
bcDCZMASZmUEiVl9GuskzX6cBrLALkE9QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/opamp.jpg" style="color: #1a268e;
margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600"
height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6OIJX1_XcfA/XvoM90rFD-I/AAAAAAAAA0s/
bcDCZMASZmUEiVl9GuskzX6cBrLALkE9QCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/opamp.jpg" style="background-attachment:
/></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-
indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;">Operational Amplifier atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah Op-Amp adalah salah satu dari bentuk
IC Linear yang berfungsi sebagai Penguat Sinyal listrik. Sebuah Op-Amp terdiri dari beberapa Transistor,
Dioda, Resistor dan Kapasitor yang terinterkoneksi dan terintegrasi sehingga memungkinkannya untuk
menghasilkan Gain (penguatan) yang tinggi pada rentang frekuensi yang luas.</span></span></div><div
class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-
yEKfjBeFO-I/X45l87GbflI/AAAAAAAAAeY/Z9bbiOuaRokfAkPdPjUUuIjWPijobB5GQCLcBGAsYHQ/w365-
h230/SPESIFIKASI%2BOPAMP.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="365" /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="text-align: start; text-indent:
0px;"></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;
text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-
family: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DOCO06zYUAM/X8dGRi0Y81I/AAAAAAAABQE/Zd-w8qVMRgcU2AsW-
E4c51XdTi6eHKypACLcBGAsYHQ/s444/opamp%2Bspec.PNG" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em;
margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-
original-width="444" height="160"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DOCO06zYUAM/X8dGRi0Y81I/AAAAAAAABQE/Zd-w8qVMRgcU2AsW-
E4c51XdTi6eHKypACLcBGAsYHQ/w448-h160/opamp%2Bspec.PNG" style="background-attachment:
/></a></div><br /> </span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align:
center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n1PU92HAWrw/X8dGXdnN9FI/AAAAAAAABQI/
FyWh5CAwvgEKPM6gJr90cpgw2FPUxCkEACLcBGAsYHQ/s428/opamp%2Bspec2.PNG" style="color:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n1PU92HAWrw/X8dGXdnN9FI/AAAAAAAABQI/
FyWh5CAwvgEKPM6gJr90cpgw2FPUxCkEACLcBGAsYHQ/w448-h393/opamp%2Bspec2.PNG"
relative;" width="448" /></span></a></div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-
indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;
text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;
text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:
17.12px;">H.</span></b><b><span style="line-height: 17.12px;"> </span></b><b><span
lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 17.12px;">Motor DC<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8y0VmdF1nAQ/XvoNafYDPNI/AAAAAAAAA00/
dWhr4_rRfOkuHcXRXXKy6tog0CL2LXKvwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/motor%2Bdc.jpg" style="color: #1a268e;
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8y0VmdF1nAQ/XvoNafYDPNI/AAAAAAAAA00/
dWhr4_rRfOkuHcXRXXKy6tog0CL2LXKvwCLcBGAsYHQ/w240-h240/motor%2Bdc.jpg"
relative;" width="240" /></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;
text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height:
24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Motor Listrik DC atau DC Motor adalah suatu
perangkat yang mengubah energi listrik menjadi energi kinetik atau gerakan (motion). Motor DC ini juga
dapat disebut sebagai Motor Arus Searah. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 24px;"><b><span style="font-family:
inherit;">Konfigurasi Pin</span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="line-height:
24px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PlRS5SfHQSg/X8LZ95JZVgI/AAAAAAAAMgQ/
cSmodlu61nMv8zTBZiGW3N5iZJ6ML0fiACLcBGAsYHQ/s222/motor%2Bpinout.png" style="background-
background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color:
#ff8632; font-weight: 400; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-
decoration-line: none; text-indent: 0px; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PlRS5SfHQSg/X8LZ95JZVgI/AAAAAAAAMgQ/
cSmodlu61nMv8zTBZiGW3N5iZJ6ML0fiACLcBGAsYHQ/w184-h126/motor%2Bpinout.png"
1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px;
padding: 8px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;" width="184"
/></span></a></div></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-
align: center;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b style="text-align:
justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><p
align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #505050; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24pt; margin-
bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-indent: 28.35pt; vertical-align:
baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image:
size: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Pin
1 : Terminal 1<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-
background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color:
#505050; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24pt; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align:
center; text-indent: 28.35pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial;
0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; outline: 0px;
padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Pin 2 : Terminal
2<o:p></o:p></span></p></span></b></span><b style="text-align: justify; text-indent:
36pt;"></b></span><b style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"
origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border:
0px; color: #222222; font-weight: 400; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;
vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-attachment: initial;
0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-
align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-
image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial;
background-size: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
0px; cursor:
8IjO_r5THKTUjAADrIqb5nijhvVIVrpxM5A3Azes8GVVmlrCYjWNBA=s0-d"), auto !important; outline:
0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 37.7953px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">   </span><span
0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">   <span
0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">   </span><span
0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</span> </span>Spesifikasi Motor
DC</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-
#222222; font-weight: 400; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image:
size: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-
background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; outline:
0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip:
initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-
repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;"><br /></b></span></span></div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-
background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color:
#505050; font-weight: 400; line-height: 24pt; margin-bottom: 0in; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align:
center; text-indent: 28.35pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial;
0px; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: #222222; outline: 0px;
padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-
#222222; font-weight: 400; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;"><div class="separator" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; clear: both; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;
vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8EqG5d-
PULU/X7C1HPKZiPI/AAAAAAAABGE/CsaqOC89vcoeNQSP3BbFNFGTZQmgc-tqgCLcBGAsYHQ/s305/motor
%2Bspeck.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image:
size: initial; border: 0px; clear: none; color: #888888; float: none; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;
outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: color 0.17s ease 0s; vertical-align:
baseline;"><img border="0" data-original-height="305" data-original-width="201"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8EqG5d-PULU/X7C1HPKZiPI/AAAAAAAABGE/
CsaqOC89vcoeNQSP3BbFNFGTZQmgc-tqgCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/motor%2Bspeck.PNG" style="background-
rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding:
5px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;" /></a></span></span></div></div></b></div><div
class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;"><b style="text-align: justify;
text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;"><b
style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;">I. Sensor Getar</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align:
left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-
color: #eeeeee; line-height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold;"><b><span lang="EN-
US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 17.12px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div
class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a
href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-2NmGBC9zYs0/YDx4TawKNvI/AAAAAAAAA3k/
CJVi8Y6bBDw_aXJ8HMl1jzjclObH1xAhQCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left:
1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" data-original-height="225" data-
original-width="225" height="240"
src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-2NmGBC9zYs0/YDx4TawKNvI/AAAAAAAAA3k/
CJVi8Y6bBDw_aXJ8HMl1jzjclObH1xAhQCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="background-attachment: initial;
/><br /></div><br /></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-
align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;">Spesifikasi:</span></span></span><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-
attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial;
background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; line-height: 24px;
margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 60.55pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-
asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height:
normal;">         </span></span><span
style="line-height: 24px;">Vin : DC 5V 9V.</span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 60.55pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal;
font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height:
style="line-height: 24px;">Radius : 180 derajat.</span></span></p><p
repeat; background-size: initial; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 60.55pt; text-indent: -
18pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height:
24px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric:
normal; line-height:
style="line-height: 24px;">Jarak deteksi : 5 7 meter.</span></span></p><p
style="line-height: 24px;">Output : Digital TTL.</span></span></p><p
style="line-height: 24px;">Memiliki setting sensitivitas.</span></span></p><p
style="line-height: 24px;">Memiliki setting time delay.</span></span></p><p
style="line-height: 24px;">Dimensi : 3,2 cm x 2,4 cm x 2,3 cm.</span></span></p><p
class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial;
style="line-height: 24px;">Berat : 10 gr.</span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 60.55pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></p><div
style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"> J. Sensor Flame</span></b></div><div
style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kgsyhp_NFCY/X4-0r2WYB_I/AAAAAAAAAfw/
N7FYPEMzUUcrCK4xXKlVmQXZGoROL7h5wCLcBGAsYHQ/s512/sensor%2Bflame.png" style="clear: left;
color: #b51200; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kgsyhp_NFCY/X4-0r2WYB_I/AAAAAAAAAfw/
N7FYPEMzUUcrCK4xXKlVmQXZGoROL7h5wCLcBGAsYHQ/w257-h211/sensor%2Bflame.png"
inherit;"><b style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3939; font-stretch: inherit; font-
variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;
vertical-align: baseline;">Spesifikasi :</b><br style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3939;" /><span
style="color: #3a3939;">- Jangkauan spektrum : 760 - 1100 (nm)</span><br style="box-sizing: border-
box; color: #3a3939;" /><span style="color: #3a3939;">- Sudut yang terdeteksi : 0° - 60°</span><br
style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3939;" /><span style="color: #3a3939;">- Catu Daya : 3,3V -
5,3V</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3939;" /><span style="color: #3a3939;">-
Temperatur Kerja : -25°C sampai 85°C</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3a3939;"
/><span style="color: #3a3939;">- Dimensi : 27,3 x 15,4 (mm</span></span></div><div style="text-
align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left; text-indent:
0px;"><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b></div><div
style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;"><b><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align:
left; text-indent: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">
K. Sensor Gas Mq-2</span></b></div><div style="text-align: left; text-indent:
0px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator"
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uMxPSLM0XyI/X45UHJirDWI/AAAAAAAAAb8/
Jtht2cQo4YwF3fLYWEcpF1tUSgMXNJpdgCLcBGAsYHQ/s500/MQ2-Gas-sensor-Pinout.jpg" style="color:
#b51200; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uMxPSLM0XyI/X45UHJirDWI/AAAAAAAAAb8/
Jtht2cQo4YwF3fLYWEcpF1tUSgMXNJpdgCLcBGAsYHQ/w277-h147/MQ2-Gas-sensor-Pinout.jpg"
relative;" width="277" /></span></a></div><p style="border: 0px; clear: both; font-stretch: inherit;
font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding:
0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;"><br /><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit;
line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px; margin-top:
0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Spesifikasi sensor pada sensor gas MQ-2
adalah sebagai berikut:</span></span></span></p><ol style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-
style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: outside;
margin: 0.5em 0em 0.5em 3em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="border: 0px; font-
stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em;
padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style:
inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Catu daya
pemanas : 5V AC/DC</span></span></span></li></ol><ol style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-
baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Catu daya
rangkaian : 5VDC</span></span></span></li></ol><ol style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-
baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Range
pengukuran : 200 - 5000ppm untuk LPG, propane 300 - 5000ppm untuk butane 5000 - 20000ppm untuk
methane 300 - 5000ppm untuk Hidrogen</span></span></span></li></ol><ol style="border: 0px; font-
stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style-image: initial; list-
style-position: outside; margin: 0.5em 0em 0.5em 3em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li
style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit;
margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch:
inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-
align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;"> Keluaran : analog (perubahan
tegangan)</span></span></span></li></ol><p></p><div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;"><b> L. S</b><b>ensor
Vibration</b></span></div><div><div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator"
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gjKVqsXtGSk/X8BWlOjoMLI/AAAAAAAAAvs/
4KL_7uJnW387cQdSKxM4IWPL64HAR6L_gCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/SW-420-sensor%2Bvibraton.jpg"
style="clear: left; color: #b51200; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-
line: none;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-
gjKVqsXtGSk/X8BWlOjoMLI/AAAAAAAAAvs/4KL_7uJnW387cQdSKxM4IWPL64HAR6L_gCLcBGAsYHQ/
w297-h135/SW-420-sensor%2Bvibraton.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip:
initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-
repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0,
0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="297" /></span></a></div><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><div class="separator"
style="clear: both;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">Spesifikasi :<br
/>    -Vsuplai : DC 3.3V-5V<br />    -Arus : 15mA<br
/>    -Sensor : SW-420 Normally Closed<br />    -Output :
digital<br />    -Dimensi : 3,8 cm x 1,3 cm x 0,7 cm<br />    -
Berat : 10 g</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear:
both;"><div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="color:
#20124d;">  </span> M. </b><b><span style="line-height:
17.12px;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 17.12px;">Sensor
UV</span></b></span></div><div><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T-0Q8nwf_t0/YF2RIAD8kFI/AAAAAAAAAWI/
f93Y2iPEIiQBASQTk7cwWaH3nlWZl9xcACLcBGAsYHQ/s195/Screenshot_2.png" style="color: #26d4b1;
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T-0Q8nwf_t0/YF2RIAD8kFI/AAAAAAAAAWI/
f93Y2iPEIiQBASQTk7cwWaH3nlWZl9xcACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Screenshot_2.png" style="background-
/></span></a></div></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-right: 1em;
text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: start; text-indent:
0px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear:
both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear:
both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: start; text-indent:
0px;"><p><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; text-indent: 48px;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;">Spesifikasi:</span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-
background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; line-height: 24px;
margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 60.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal;
font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height:
style="line-height: 24px;">Vin : DC 5V 9V.</span></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 60.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">·<span
style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height:
style="line-height: 24px;">Radius : 180 derajat.</span></span></p><p
repeat; background-size: initial; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt 60.55pt; text-align: justify; text-
indent: -18pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height:
style="line-height: 24px;">Jarak deteksi : 5 7 meter.</span></span></p><p
style="line-height: 24px;">Output : Digital TTL.</span></span></p><p
style="line-height: 24px;">Dimensi : 3,2 cm x 2,4 cm x 2,3 cm.</span></span></p><p
class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial;
style="line-height: 24px;">Berat : 10 gr.</span></span></p></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height: 24px; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 24px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div
0JLx5kfvBwc/X8dErszcBVI/AAAAAAAABPE/0W0XlL8mFZ8iXYKoDhvHVCKktKK0K0cxwCLcBGAsYHQ/
s502/spesifikasi%2Bldr%2B1.PNG" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-
decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="422"
height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0JLx5kfvBwc/X8dErszcBVI/AAAAAAAABPE/
0W0XlL8mFZ8iXYKoDhvHVCKktKK0K0cxwCLcBGAsYHQ/w336-h400/spesifikasi%2Bldr%2B1.PNG"
relative;" width="336" /></a></div><br /> </span></span><div class="separator" style="clear:
both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q6Ivswa1QCg/X8dEwVnQiaI/AAAAAAAABPI/
P_x94AFwPw41L_f3Rjpva9Dn6yn0D-2wACLcBGAsYHQ/s454/spesifikasi%2Bldr%2B2.PNG" style="color:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q6Ivswa1QCg/X8dEwVnQiaI/AAAAAAAABPI/
P_x94AFwPw41L_f3Rjpva9Dn6yn0D-2wACLcBGAsYHQ/w351-h400/spesifikasi%2Bldr%2B2.PNG"
inherit;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-right: 1em; text-
align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="font-family:
inherit;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; margin-right: 1em;
text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span face="Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif" style="background-color: #eeeeee; margin-right:
1em;"></span></span><div style="margin-right: 1em;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif"
style="background-color: #eeeeee; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b> N. </b><span style="color:
#222222;"><b>Touch sensor </b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;
color: #222222;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container"
style="background: white; border: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px
5px; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left:
auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 5px; position: relative;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:
center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3jqwUsQTIxs/YDvkWonX4AI/AAAAAAAAA_Q/
KNh3VF43UnMNxyLC30WxxUdQR9gDBsDzACLcBGAsYHQ/s255/touch.PNG" style="color: #9b2f1c;
margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-
height="197" data-original-width="255"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3jqwUsQTIxs/YDvkWonX4AI/AAAAAAAAA_Q/
KNh3VF43UnMNxyLC30WxxUdQR9gDBsDzACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/touch.PNG" style="background:
transparent; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position:
relative;" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align:
center;">gambar : touch sensor </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator"
style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="background-
color: white; clear: both; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
font-size: 13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b>konfigurasi pin:</b></div><div
class="separator" style="clear: both;">pin 1 : vcc</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">pin 2:
vout</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">pin 3: GND</div></div><div class="separator"
style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="background-color:
white; clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align:
center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nySUQgNNQTs/YDvWnY29bTI/AAAAAAAAA_A/gU-
2ZjMXp5wQ4B1mNU3xggNIEoiHjYxjQCLcBGAsYHQ/s705/spesifikasi%2Btouch.PNG" style="clear: left;
color: #9b2f1c; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nySUQgNNQTs/YDvWnY29bTI/AAAAAAAAA_A/gU-
2ZjMXp5wQ4B1mNU3xggNIEoiHjYxjQCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h216/spesifikasi%2Btouch.PNG"
relative;" width="640" /></a></div><br style="color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size:
16px;" /><div style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
font-size: 16.5px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><b> O. Buzzer</b><br /></span></div><div
style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size:
16.5px;"><div><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></div><div><a
href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-are_JPjTqfI/X2oDkKYlopI/AAAAAAAAAIQ/
swgr8OsraVwD40fQbZt3Mm4weF5M4WQQACLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="clear: left; color:
#b51200; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none;"><span
style="font-family: times;"><img alt="" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="700"
height="195" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-are_JPjTqfI/X2oDkKYlopI/AAAAAAAAAIQ/
swgr8OsraVwD40fQbZt3Mm4weF5M4WQQACLcBGAsYHQ/w195-h195/image.png" style="background-
width="195" /></span></a></div><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111; line-height: 28px;
margin: 11.5px 0px; position: relative;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: times; font-
size: small; font-weight: normal;">Buzzer Features and Specifications</span></h3><ul style="box-sizing:
border-box; color: #303030; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 11.5px 18px; padding: 0px 0px 0px
20px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span
style="font-family: times;">Rated Voltage: 6V DC</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style:
disc; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">Operating Voltage: 4-8V
DC</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding:
0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">Rated current: <30mA</span></li><li style="box-sizing:
border-box; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family:
times;">Sound Type: Continuous Beep</span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: disc;
margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">Resonant Frequency: ~2300
Hz </span></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding:
0px;"><span style="font-family: times;">Small and neat sealed package</span></li><li style="box-sizing:
border-box; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family:
times;">Breadboard and Perf board friendly</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div
style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size:
13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div
class="separator" style="clear: both;"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="background-
color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; font-weight:
bold;"><div style="font-size: 16.5px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><b><span
style="font-family: times; font-size: small;"> Q.  </span><span style="font-family:
times;">Switch </span></b></div><div style="font-size: 16.5px; font-weight: 400; text-align:
start; text-indent: 0px;"><br /></div><div style="font-size: 16.5px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-zwTdCdB9-W0/X3R-GzwYMzI/AAAAAAAAAQ4/
XfzbWzeeRJo1adjYJ6B9qL4jT8g0iYGuwCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="clear: left; color: #b51200; float:
left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" data-original-
height="318" data-original-width="509" height="200" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-
zwTdCdB9-W0/X3R-GzwYMzI/AAAAAAAAAQ4/XfzbWzeeRJo1adjYJ6B9qL4jT8g0iYGuwCLcBGAsYHQ/
image.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial;
background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size:
initial; border: 1px solid rgb(235, 235, 235); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px;
position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family:
times;">Features </span></div><div style="font-size: 16.5px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">• Constant ON
resistance for signals ±10V and 100 kHz connection diagram</span></span></div><div style="font-size:
16.5px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span
style="font-size: x-small;"> • tOFF < tON. break before make action</span></span></div><div
style="font-size: 16.5px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family:
times;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> • Open switch isolation at 1.0 MHz -50
dB</span></span></div><div style="font-size: 16.5px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start; text-indent:
0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> • < 1.0 nA leakage in
OFF state • TTL. DTL. RTL direct drive compatibility</span></span></div><div style="font-size: 16.5px;
font-weight: 400; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span
style="font-size: x-small;"> • Single disable pin turns all sWitches in package
OFF  </span></span></div><div style="font-size: 16.5px; font-weight: 400; text-align: start;
text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br
/></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div
class="MsoNormal" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="line-height:
24px;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-
height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><div><br
/></div></div></div></span></b></span></span></div><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="dasar" style="color: #26d4b1; text-
decoration-line: none;"> 3.Dasar teori</a><a href="https://diga202011.blogspot.com/p/kembali-
ke-menu-sebelumnya-daftar-isi-1_3.html#home" style="color: #26d4b1; text-decoration-line:
none;">[kembali]</a></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;">  <b> </b><b>a. Resistor</b></span></div><div
font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="cursor:
8IjO_r5THKTUjAADrIqb5nijhvVIVrpxM5A3Azes8GVVmlrCYjWNBA=s0-d"), auto !important; line-
height: 32px;">   Resistor adalah komponen elektronika pasif yang memiliki nilai
resistansi atau hambatan tertentu yang berfungsi untuk membatasi dan mengatur arus listrik dalam
suatu rangkaian elektronika. Satuan Resistor adalah Ohm
(simbol: Ω) yang merupakan satuan SI untuk resistansi listrik. Resitor
mempunyai nilai resistansi (tahanan) tertentu yang dapat memproduksi tegangan listrik di antara kedua
pin dimana nilai tegangan terhadap resistansi tersebut berbanding lurus dengan arus yang mengalir,
berdasarkan persamaan hukum Ohm (V = I.R ).</span><b></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size:
13.2px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AuIqg72xCNs/X8dIcv7BpGI/AAAAAAAABQw/
tvGnpgozTHc4RIRx4SJ71tanRvwS9XUcgCLcBGAsYHQ/s391/Simbol-Resistor.jpg" style="color: #1a268e;
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AuIqg72xCNs/X8dIcv7BpGI/AAAAAAAABQw/
tvGnpgozTHc4RIRx4SJ71tanRvwS9XUcgCLcBGAsYHQ/w300-h252/Simbol-Resistor.jpg"
relative;" width="300" /></a></span></div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><br /><br /></span><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 32px;">Cara menghitung nilai
resistansi resistor dengan gelang warna:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
32px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height:
32px;">1. Masukkan angka langsung dari kode warna gelang pertama.</span></p><p
class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit; line-height: 32px;">2. Masukkan angka langsung dari kode warna gelang
kedua.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span lang="EN-US"
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 32px;">3. Masukkan angka langsung
dari kode warna gleang ketiga.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 32px;"><span
lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 32px;">4. Masukkan
jumlah nol dari kode warna gelang ke-4 atau pangkatkan angka tersebut dengan 10 (10^n), ini
merupakan nilai toleransi dari resistor.</span></p></div><div><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><br /><br /></b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align:
center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vu1rD3Ts9mk/X8dIoEI2TUI/AAAAAAAABQ0/mXk0-
I2hCiEXV2sWw0YvHUqKfwDPxhU9QCLcBGAsYHQ/s500/Kode-Warna-Resistor.gif" style="color: #1a268e;
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vu1rD3Ts9mk/X8dIoEI2TUI/AAAAAAAABQ0/mXk0-
I2hCiEXV2sWw0YvHUqKfwDPxhU9QCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Kode-Warna-Resistor.gif" style="background-
/></a></div></span></div></div><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br
/></span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"></span></p><p
13.2px;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><o:p><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"> <b> b. Transistor NPN</b></span></o:p></span></p><p class="p"
style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-
height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span
origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size:
initial;">           T</span><span
origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size:
initial;">ransistor merupakan alat semikonduktor yang dapat digunakan sebagai penguat sinyal,
pemutus atau penyambung sinyal, stabilisasi tegangan, dan fungsi lainnya. Transistor memiliki 3 kaki
elektroda, yaitu basis, kolektor, dan emitor. Pada rangkaian kali ini digunakan transistor 2SC1162 bertipe
NPN. Transistor ini diperumpamakan sebagai saklar, yaitu ketika kaki basis diberi arus, maka arus
pada</span> <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-
image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;
background-size: initial;">kolektor akan mengalir ke emiter yang disebut dengan kondisi ON. Sedangkan
ketika kaki basis tidak diberi arus, maka tidak ada arus mengalir dari kolektor ke
emitor </span> <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial;
repeat; background-size: initial;">yang disebut dengan kondisi OFF. Namun, jika arus yang diberikan
pada kaki basis </span> <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-
repeat: repeat; background-size: initial;">melebihi arus pada kaki kolektor atau arus pada kaki kolektor
adalah nol (karena tegangan kaki kolektor sekitar 0,2 - 0,3 V), maka transistor akan mengalami
cutoff </span> <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial;
repeat; background-size: initial;">(saklar tertutup).</span></span></p><p class="p" style="color:
#565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height:
24px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"></span></p><div
class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans,
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xJ0JN6fh3lI/X8dJXirVNQI/AAAAAAAABRI/3vPILeF8U-
k0LmZsDXTmuSIXeN2WZf41QCLcBGAsYHQ/s151/Gambar-simbol-transistor-jenis-NPN.png" style="color:
original-height="151" data-original-width="151"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xJ0JN6fh3lI/X8dJXirVNQI/AAAAAAAABRI/3vPILeF8U-
k0LmZsDXTmuSIXeN2WZf41QCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Gambar-simbol-transistor-jenis-NPN.png"
relative;" /></a></span></div><p align="justify" class="p" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span
style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-
background-size: initial; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family:
inherit;">Transistor adalah sebuah komponen di dalam elektronika yang diciptakan dari bahan-bahan
semikonduktor dan memiliki tiga buah kaki. Masing-masing kaki disebut sebagai basis, kolektor, dan
emitor.</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll;
background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0%
0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; vertical-align:
baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color:
#eeeeee; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-
repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); font-
family: inherit;">Emitor (E) memiliki fungsi untuk menghasilkan elektron atau muatan
negatif.</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll;
family: inherit;">Kolektor (C) berperan sebagai saluran bagi muatan negatif untuk keluar dari dalam
transistor.</span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-
serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial;
background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position:
0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll
rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: inherit;">Basis (B) berguna untuk mengatur arah gerak muatan negatif
yang keluar dari transistor melalui kolektor.<br /></span></p><p class="p" style="color: #565656; font-
family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px;"><span
inherit;"> C<b>. Relay</b></span></p><p class="p" style="color: #565656; font-
family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"></span></p><div class="separator"
style="clear: both; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size:
13.2px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZZu7SzuU3VI/X8dJ_sndT-I/AAAAAAAABRU/mmrY0laE5foP-
BosC9fiGBs-5OSGO_toQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/pin%2Brelay.png" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em;
original-width="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZZu7SzuU3VI/X8dJ_sndT-I/AAAAAAAABRU/
mmrY0laE5foP-BosC9fiGBs-5OSGO_toQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/pin%2Brelay.png" style="background-
width="320" /></a></b></span></div><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #565656; font-family:
Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align:
justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">
        Relay merupakan komponen elektronika berupa
saklar atau swirch elektrik yang dioperasikan secara listrik dan terdiri dari 2 bagian utama yaitu
Elektromagnet (coil) dan mekanikal (seperangkat kontak Saklar/Switch). Komponen elektronika
ini menggunakan prinsip elektromagnetik untuk menggerakan saklar sehingga dengan arus listrik yang
kecil (low power) dapat menghantarkan listrik yang bertegangan lebih tinggi. Berikut adalah simbol dari
komponen relay.</span></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
inherit;">Pada dasarnya, Relay terdiri dari 4 komponen dasar yaitu :</span></p><p
align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial;
repeat; background-size: initial; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-
serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
inherit;">1. Electromagnet (Coil)</span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal"
origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; color:
#565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px;
text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-
clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: none; background-origin: initial;
background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; background: none 0%
0% repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: inherit;">2. Armature</span></p><p
inherit;">3. Switch Contact Point (Saklar)</span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-attachment:
scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: none; background-origin:
initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; background:
none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: inherit;">4. Spring</span></p><p
style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b
style="background-color: #eeeeee;"> Gambar dari bagian-bagian relay  </b></p><p
13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"></span></p><div
inherit;"><b><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lqxG12xNSB8/X8dKHOLJM2I/AAAAAAAABRY/
ayHQo4sctvkiDk1Fc76IFnARDB0cTZnjACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Struktur-Relay.jpg" style="color: #1a268e;
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lqxG12xNSB8/X8dKHOLJM2I/AAAAAAAABRY/
ayHQo4sctvkiDk1Fc76IFnARDB0cTZnjACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Struktur-Relay.jpg" style="background-
/></a></b></span></div><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll;
family: inherit;">Kontak Poin (Contact Point) Relay terdiri dari 2 jenis yaitu :</span></p><p
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll;
0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial;">- </span><span style="background-
background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial;">Normally Close (NC)
yaitu kondisi awal sebelum diaktifkan akan selalu berada di posisi CLOSE
(tertutup)</span></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment:
scroll; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position:
0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-
background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size:
initial;">- </span><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial;
repeat; background-size: initial;">Normally Open (NO) yaitu kondisi awal sebelum diaktifkan akan selalu
berada di posisi OPEN (terbuka)</span></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal"
text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-
clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: none; background-origin: initial;
background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; background: none 0%
0% repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: inherit;">   <b> d</b><b>.
Dioda </b></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment:
baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"></span></p><p
class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-image:
none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-
size: initial; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;
line-height: 40px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit; line-height: 40px;">
Diode (diode) adalah komponen elektronika aktif yang terbuat dari bahan semikonduktor dan
mempunyai fungsi untuk menghantarkan arus listrik ke satu arah tetapi menghambat arus listrik dari
arah sebaliknya. Berikut ini adalah fungsi dari dioda antara lain:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"
margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><span style="line-height: 40px;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian:
normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height:
normal;">
        </span></span><span style="line-height:
40px;">Untuk alat sensor panas, misalnya dalam amplifier.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"
normal;">
40px;">Sebagai sekering(saklar) atau pengaman.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"
normal;">
40px;">Untuk rangkaian clamper dapat memberikan tambahan partikel DC untuk sinyal
AC.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans,
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 40px; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 40px;">·<span
style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height:
normal;">
40px;">Untuk menstabilkan tegangan pada voltage regulator</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"
normal;">
40px;">Untuk penyearah</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment:
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 40px; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; text-indent:
0cm;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height:
normal;">
40px;">Untuk indikator</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment:
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 40px; margin: 0cm 0cm 3pt; text-indent:
0cm;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height:
normal;">
40px;">Untuk alat menggandakan tegangan.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"
inherit;"><span style="line-height: 40px; text-indent: 0cm;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-
variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height:
normal;">
        </span></span><span style="line-height: 40px;
text-indent: 0cm;">Untuk alat sensor cahaya, biasanya menggunakan dioda
photo. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll;
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align:
justify;"><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image:
initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-
size: initial; line-height: 32px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-
height: 17.12px;">Simbol dioda adalah :</span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"
margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZKW-zgARKZI/X8dK82y97xI/AAAAAAAABRk/NX6nrHhEBLMdE-
FtfqSIkwVd0GYV12XhwCLcBGAsYHQ/s227/d4.PNG" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-
width="227" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZKW-zgARKZI/X8dK82y97xI/AAAAAAAABRk/
NX6nrHhEBLMdE-FtfqSIkwVd0GYV12XhwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/d4.PNG" style="background-attachment:
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;"
/></a></b></span></div><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans,
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 32px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-
background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; color: #565656; font-
family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 32px; margin-
bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 32px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit; line-height: 17.12px;">Untuk menentukan arus zenner berlaku
persamaan:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll;
justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-
background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height:
32px;"><span style="line-height: 17.12px;"> </span></span><b><span style="background-
background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height:
32px;"><span style="line-height: 17.12px;"><br /></span></span></b></span></p><div
inherit;"><b><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cFh_DqdvRGc/X8dLQWg8xEI/AAAAAAAABRs/
dqWcxAxV3U0MEiwbc4p-KjNI1Q03z7gZwCLcBGAsYHQ/s156/rumus%2Bdioda.PNG" style="color:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cFh_DqdvRGc/X8dLQWg8xEI/AAAAAAAABRs/
dqWcxAxV3U0MEiwbc4p-KjNI1Q03z7gZwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/rumus%2Bdioda.PNG" style="background-
/></a></b></span></div><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans,
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><br
/></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_fohHky4Txo/X8dLXBatoSI/AAAAAAAABRw/
9moaisuGjycqqvSC3AaX2ATRJm-rn-WewCLcBGAsYHQ/s266/d2.PNG" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left:
1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="255" data-original-width="266"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_fohHky4Txo/X8dLXBatoSI/AAAAAAAABRw/
9moaisuGjycqqvSC3AaX2ATRJm-rn-WewCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/d2.PNG" style="background-attachment:
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div><p
13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><br
/></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7qVX9XFTRBc/X8dLbtA5ESI/AAAAAAAABR0/
gJ4LLxHXDkQ4oaclwwWuQp2yBPMEeegIwCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/grafik%2Bdioda.PNG" style="color:
7qVX9XFTRBc/X8dLbtA5ESI/AAAAAAAABR0/gJ4LLxHXDkQ4oaclwwWuQp2yBPMEeegIwCLcBGAsYHQ/
w281-h242/grafik%2Bdioda.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="281" /></a></span></div><p style="color: #565656;
font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; line-height: 32px;">
    Pada grafik terlihat bahwa pada tegangan dibawah ambang batas tegangan
mundur (reverse) sebuah dioda akan tembus (menghantar) dan tidak bisa menahan lagi. Batas ini
disebut dengan area tegangan breakdown dioda. Kondisi dioda pada area ini adalah tembus atau
menghantar dan tidak menghambat. Kemudian pada level tegangan diantara tegangan
breakdown dan tegangan forward terdapat area tegangan reverse dan tegangan cut off. Pada area
ini kondisi dioda adalah menahan atau tidak mengalirkan arus listrik.</span></p><p
line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 32px;"><b> e.
Lampu </b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll;
justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"></span></p><div
inherit;"><b><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xq34P-yWyos/X8dLuQb_jRI/AAAAAAAABSE/
84jv5K_VbroG9CcKXDyTZaa9obgH3W33ACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Simbol-simbol-Lampu.jpg" style="color:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xq34P-yWyos/X8dLuQb_jRI/AAAAAAAABSE/
84jv5K_VbroG9CcKXDyTZaa9obgH3W33ACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Simbol-simbol-Lampu.jpg"
relative;" /></a></b></span></div><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
inherit;"><br /><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span style="line-height: 32px;"><b><b><br
/></b></b></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll;
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 42.55pt; text-
align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 24px;">Lampu
Listrik adalah suatu perangkat yang dapat menghasilkan cahaya saat dialiri arus listrik. Arus listrik yang
dimaksud ini dapat berasal tenaga listrik yang dihasilkan oleh pembangkit listrik terpusat (<i>Centrally
Generated Electric Power</i>) seperti PLN dan Genset ataupun tenaga listrik yang dihasilkan oleh
Baterai dan Aki.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-
clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%;
background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height:
24px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-
align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 24px;">Jenis
Jenis Lampu Listrik</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll;
align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 24px;">Seiring
dengan perkembangan Teknologi, Lampu Listrik juga telah mengalami berbagai perbaikan dan
kemajuan. Teknologi Lampu Listrik bukan saja Lampu Pijar yang ditemukan oleh Thomas Alva
Edison saja namun sudah terdiri dari berbagai jenis dan Teknologi. Pada dasarnya, Lampu Listrik dapat
dikategorikan dalam Tiga jenis yaitu Incandescent Lamp (Lampu Pijar), Gas-discharge Lamp (Lampu
Lucutan Gas) dan Light Emitting Diode (Lampu LED).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"
margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit; line-height: 24px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-
family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm
0cm 0cm 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;
line-height: 24px;">Lampu Pijar (Incandescent Lamp)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"
margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit; line-height: 24px;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-
family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm
0cm 0cm 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;
line-height: 24px;">Lampu Pijar atau disebut juga Incandescent Lamp adalah jenis lampu listrik yang
menghasilkan cahaya dengan cara memanaskan Kawat Filamen di dalam bola kaca yang diisi dengan gas
tertentu seperti nitrogen, argon, kripton atau hidrogen. Kita dapat menemukan Lampu
Pijar dalam berbagai pilihan Tegangan listrik yaitu Tegangan listrik yang berkisar dari 1,5V hingga
300V.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial;
serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 24px;"> </span></p><p
line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 24px;">Lampu Pijar yang dapat bekerja pada Arus DC maupun
Arus AC ini banyak digunakan di Lampu Penerang Jalan, Lampu Rumah dan Kantor, Lampu Mobil, Lampu
Flash dan juga Lampu Dekorasi. Pada umumnya Lampu Pijar hanya dapat bertahan sekitar 1000
jam dan memerlukan Energi listrik yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan jenis-jenis lampu
lainnya.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans,
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 24px;">Lampu Lucutan Gas (Gas discharge
Lamp)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial;
serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 42.55pt; text-align: justify;"><span
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 24px;">Lampu lucutan gas menghasilkan cahaya
dengan mengirimkan lucutan elektris melalui gas yang terionisasi, misalnya pada plasma. Sifat lucutan
gas sangat tergantung pada frekuensi atau modulasi arus listriknya. Biasanya, lampu lampu ini
menggunakan gas mulia (argon, neon, kripton, dan xenon) atau campuran dari gas-gas tersebut.
Sebagian besar lampu-lampu ini juga mengandung bahan-bahan tambahan, seperti merkuri, natrium,
dan/atau halida logam.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll;
align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 24px;">Lampu
LED (Light Emitting Diode)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment:
24px;"> </span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans,
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height:
24px;">Lampu LED adalah komponen elektronika yang dapat memancarkan cahaya
monokromatik ketika diberikan tegangan maju. LED merupakan keluarga Dioda yang terbuat dari bahan
semikonduktor. Warna warna Cahaya yang dipancarkan oleh LED tergantung pada jenis bahan
semikonduktor yang dipergunakannya. LED juga dapat memancarkan sinar inframerah yang tidak
tampak oleh mata seperti yang sering kita jumpai pada Remote Control TV ataupun Remote Control
perangkat elektronik lainnya.</span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit; line-height: 24px;">  <b> f</b><b>. OpAmp </b></span></p><p
13.2px;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-
position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; background: none 0% 0% repeat
scroll rgb(238, 238, 238); font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"> </span><span
style="line-height: 24px;">Op-Amp adalah salah satu dari bentuk IC Linear yang berfungsi sebagai
Penguat Sinyal listrik. Sebuah Op-Amp terdiri dari beberapa Transistor, Dioda, Resistor dan Kapasitor
yang terinterkoneksi dan terintegrasi sehingga memungkinkannya untuk menghasilkan Gain (penguatan)
yang tinggi pada rentang frekuensi yang luas.</span></span></span></p><p align="justify"
font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span
style="line-height: 24px;"> </span>Simbol </b></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal"
height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SUKjxp4zolc/X8dMJtqlExI/AAAAAAAABSM/
MNdxNVJdU6clrUAEUmm2p2RV77orgXqVwCLcBGAsYHQ/s225/simbol%2Bop-am.png" style="color:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SUKjxp4zolc/X8dMJtqlExI/AAAAAAAABSM/
MNdxNVJdU6clrUAEUmm2p2RV77orgXqVwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/simbol%2Bop-am.png" style="background-
/></a></b></span></div><p class="p" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;">Karakteristik IC OpAmp</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: #565656;
font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">· Penguatan Tegangan Open-loop atau
Av = ∞ (tak terhingga)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">· Tegangan Offset Keluaran (Output Offset Voltage) atau
Voo = 0 (nol)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">· Impedansi Masukan (Input Impedance) atau Zin= ∞ (tak
terhingga)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">· Impedansi Output (Output Impedance ) atau Zout = 0
(nol)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;">· Lebar Pita (Bandwidth) atau BW = ∞ (tak terhingga)</span></p><p
13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">· Karakteristik tidak
berubah dengan suhu </span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ikpM1GOuj_s/X8dMP2wN6uI/AAAAAAAABSQ/
ORs_w3vlQg8D7yNhmYxf6Atmqd1YdsK4QCLcBGAsYHQ/s414/Konfigurasi-Op-Amp-Closed-loop-and-
Open-Loop.jpg" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line:
none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="181" data-original-width="414"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ikpM1GOuj_s/X8dMP2wN6uI/AAAAAAAABSQ/
ORs_w3vlQg8D7yNhmYxf6Atmqd1YdsK4QCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Konfigurasi-Op-Amp-Closed-loop-and-
Open-Loop.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image:
initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-
size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding:
5px; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></span></div><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
font-family: inherit;"><br /><br />Inverting Amplifier</span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family:
Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #565656;
font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DaYQPRI-
3EE/X8dMVYKBEsI/AAAAAAAABSU/YWyVnpGF6to8Xkf0kQWut6cm63QmS3ckwCLcBGAsYHQ/s245/
inverting.png" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DaYQPRI-3EE/X8dMVYKBEsI/AAAAAAAABSU/
YWyVnpGF6to8Xkf0kQWut6cm63QmS3ckwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/inverting.png" style="background-
/></a></span></div><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-
serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/>Rumus:</span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-
serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mRWxbfGnYVQ/X8dMaf27UQI/AAAAAAAABSc/A7rAzN-
hfbIOtOxCesSkDjgO7oJj-y89wCLcBGAsYHQ/s156/rumus%2Binverting.png" style="color: #1a268e;
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mRWxbfGnYVQ/X8dMaf27UQI/AAAAAAAABSc/A7rAzN-
hfbIOtOxCesSkDjgO7oJj-y89wCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/rumus%2Binverting.png" style="background-attachment:
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></span></div><p
13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/>NonInverting </span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QSPfhKBWpNw/X8dMiFu3XYI/AAAAAAAABSk/
BJ2QqIzPdi84MesxRdaoQ-vtdU1Fknb7wCLcBGAsYHQ/s275/noninverting.png" style="color: #1a268e;
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QSPfhKBWpNw/X8dMiFu3XYI/AAAAAAAABSk/
BJ2QqIzPdi84MesxRdaoQ-vtdU1Fknb7wCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/noninverting.png" style="background-
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_FHDogZNJhs/X8dMnmtwSBI/AAAAAAAABSs/
ozvWSlz9NikuqLcxPxPYdwNjhcpDFX-CgCLcBGAsYHQ/s182/rumus%2Bnon.png" style="color: #1a268e;
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_FHDogZNJhs/X8dMnmtwSBI/AAAAAAAABSs/
ozvWSlz9NikuqLcxPxPYdwNjhcpDFX-CgCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/rumus%2Bnon.png" style="background-
/>Komparator</span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans,
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UAAx_lG7Xaw/X8dMvNxbXaI/AAAAAAAABSw/
hV4eiAbXFKEHmbrGLzi2hsZRTfUcqaWFwCLcBGAsYHQ/s213/komparator.png" style="color: #1a268e;
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UAAx_lG7Xaw/X8dMvNxbXaI/AAAAAAAABSw/
hV4eiAbXFKEHmbrGLzi2hsZRTfUcqaWFwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/komparator.png" style="background-
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2dGENQG2YSo/X8dM3sE6j8I/AAAAAAAABS4/7WJbfTwcv5Q72V4IFZiq
RRd3cbIpzrYGACLcBGAsYHQ/s265/rumus%2Bkomparator.png" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em;
original-width="265"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2dGENQG2YSo/X8dM3sE6j8I/AAAAAAAABS4/7WJbfTwcv5Q72V4IFZiqR
Rd3cbIpzrYGACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/rumus%2Bkomparator.png" style="background-attachment: initial;
shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></span></div><p
13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br />Adder</span></p><p
inherit;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gdHCTYpuZ2A/X8dM8k3J2EI/AAAAAAAABS8/WYEdg9-
YKH8weFx3g20r4kLSsCC4_MDaQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/adder.png" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left:
1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="184" data-
original-width="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gdHCTYpuZ2A/X8dM8k3J2EI/AAAAAAAABS8/
WYEdg9-YKH8weFx3g20r4kLSsCC4_MDaQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/adder.png" style="background-attachment:
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></span></div><p
13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br />Rumus:</span></p><p
inherit;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XZnGslVBryg/X8dNBakJumI/AAAAAAAABTA/
VRIQ0OQTrHcYTF7u4YkOYA48ZzyWbnsgACLcBGAsYHQ/s270/rumus%2Baddr.png" style="color:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XZnGslVBryg/X8dNBakJumI/AAAAAAAABTA/
VRIQ0OQTrHcYTF7u4YkOYA48ZzyWbnsgACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/rumus%2Baddr.png" style="background-
serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br />Bentuk
Gelombang</span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6NUT5PdBtrc/X8dNGnF05hI/AAAAAAAABTE/
wlvaiuvMdIk1cjNXKh67Wi2UhouMjLR1gCLcBGAsYHQ/s357/bentuk%2Bgelombanggg.gif" style="color:
6NUT5PdBtrc/X8dNGnF05hI/AAAAAAAABTE/wlvaiuvMdIk1cjNXKh67Wi2UhouMjLR1gCLcBGAsYHQ/
s320/bentuk%2Bgelombanggg.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></span></div><p style="color: #565656; font-family:
Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /><b> g. Motor
DC </b><b> </b><b> </b><b> </b></span></p><p align="justify" class="p"
height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span
origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial;">Motor
Listrik DC atau </span>DC Motor<span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
repeat: repeat; background-size: initial;"> adalah suatu perangkat yang mengubah energi listrik
menjadi energi kinetik atau gerakan (</span>motion<span style="background-attachment: scroll;
0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial;">). Motor DC ini juga dapat disebut sebagai
Motor Arus Searah. Seperti namanya, DC Motor memiliki dua terminal dan memerlukan tegangan arus
searah atau DC (</span>Direct Current<span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
repeat: repeat; background-size: initial;">) untuk dapat menggerakannya. Motor Listrik DC ini biasanya
digunakan pada perangkat-perangkat Elektronik dan listrik yang menggunakan sumber listrik DC seperti
Vibrator Ponsel, Kipas DC dan Bor Listrik DC.</span></span></p><p align="justify" class="p"
height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-r2KeYE4l7X4/X8dNeKOMeMI/AAAAAAAABTU/
c8KAj4U2amEDe08B1lpAN_eFEPgcbuDXQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Pengertian-Motor-DC-dan-Prinsip-
Kerjanya.jpg" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-r2KeYE4l7X4/X8dNeKOMeMI/AAAAAAAABTU/
c8KAj4U2amEDe08B1lpAN_eFEPgcbuDXQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Pengertian-Motor-DC-dan-Prinsip-
Kerjanya.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial;
position: relative;" /></a></span></div><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
inherit;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll;
baseline;"><b style="background-color: #eeeeee;"> Prinsip Kerja Motor DC<br /></b></p><p
align="justify" class="p" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-
serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;"></span></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; vertical-
align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">Terdapat dua bagian
utama pada sebuah Motor Listrik DC,
yaitu Stator dan Rotor. Stator adalah bagian motor yang tidak berputar,
bagian yang statis ini terdiri dari rangka dan kumparan medan. Sedangkan Rotor adalah
bagian yang berputar, bagian Rotor ini terdiri dari kumparan Jangkar. Dua bagian utama ini dapat dibagi
lagi menjadi beberapa komponen penting yaitu diantaranya adalah Yoke (kerangka
magnet), Poles (kutub motor), Field winding (kumparan medan
magnet), Armature Winding (Kumparan Jangkar), Commutator (Komutator)
dan Brushes (kuas/sikat arang).</span></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="color:
text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;">Pada prinsipnya motor listrik DC menggunakan fenomena elektromagnet untuk bergerak,
ketika arus listrik diberikan ke kumparan, permukaan kumparan yang bersifat utara akan bergerak
menghadap ke magnet yang berkutub selatan dan kumparan yang bersifat selatan akan bergerak
menghadap ke utara magnet. Saat ini, karena kutub utara kumparan bertemu dengan kutub selatan
magnet ataupun kutub selatan kumparan bertemu dengan kutub utara magnet maka akan terjadi saling
tarik menarik yang menyebabkan pergerakan kumparan berhenti.</span></p><p align="justify"
font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-
background-size: initial;">Untuk menggerakannya lagi, tepat pada saat kutub kumparan berhadapan
dengan kutub magnet, arah arus pada kumparan dibalik. Dengan demikian, kutub utara kumparan akan
berubah menjadi kutub selatan dan kutub selatannya akan berubah menjadi kutub utara. Pada saat
perubahan kutub tersebut terjadi, kutub selatan kumparan akan berhadap dengan kutub selatan
magnet dan kutub utara kumparan akan berhadapan dengan kutub utara magnet. Karena kutubnya
sama, maka akan terjadi tolak menolak sehingga kumparan bergerak memutar hingga utara kumparan
berhadapan dengan selatan magnet dan selatan kumparan berhadapan dengan utara magnet. Pada saat
ini, arus yang mengalir ke kumparan dibalik lagi dan kumparan akan berputar lagi karena adanya
perubahan kutub. Siklus ini akan berulang-ulang hingga arus listrik pada kumparan
diputuskan</span><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-
background-size: initial;">.</span></span></p><p align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="color:
text-align: justify;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-
color: #eeeeee; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%;
background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(238, 238,
238); font-family: inherit;">   <b> </b><b>j. Baterai </b></span></p><p
align="justify" class="MsoNormal" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-
attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: none;
background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size:
initial; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(238, 238, 238);">Baterai adalah perangkat yang
terdiri dari satu atau lebih sel elektrokimia dengan koneksi eksternal yang disediakan untuk
memberi daya pada perangkat listrik seperti senter, ponsel, dan mobil
listrik. Ketika baterai memasok daya listrik, terminal positifnya
adalah katode dan terminal negatifnya adalah anoda. Terminal bertanda
negatif adalah sumber elektron yang akan mengalir melalui rangkaian listrik eksternal ke terminal
positif. Ketika baterai dihubungkan ke beban listrik eksternal, reaksi redoks mengubah
reaktan berenergi tinggi ke produk berenergi lebih rendah, dan perbedaan energi-
bebas dikirim ke sirkuit eksternal sebagai energi listrik. Secara historis istilah "baterai"
secara khusus mengacu pada perangkat yang terdiri dari beberapa sel, namun penggunaannya telah
berkembang untuk memasukkan perangkat yang terdiri dari satu sel.</span></p><p align="justify"
font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #565656; font-family:
Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
caVN4uaQX40/X8dOArmffTI/AAAAAAAABTc/92b4ZAgNiOcZiUN-PAUTO4KO2NGFu4ZbwCLcBGAsYHQ/
s296/bat1.jpg" style="color: #1a268e; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-caVN4uaQX40/X8dOArmffTI/AAAAAAAABTc/92b4ZAgNiOcZiUN-
PAUTO4KO2NGFu4ZbwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/bat1.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-
clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial;
background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233); box-shadow:
rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></span></div><p style="color:
#565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="p"
height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Prinsip operasi</b></p><p
font-family: inherit;">Baterai mengubah energi kimia langsung menjadi energi listrik. Baterai terdiri dari
sejumlah sel volta. Tiap sel terdiri dari 2 sel setengah yang terhubung seri melalui elektrolit
konduktif yang berisi anion dan kation. Satu sel setengah termasuk elektrolit dan elektrode negatif,
elektrode yang di mana anion berpindah; sel-setengah lainnya termasuk elektrolit dan
elektrode positif di mana kation berpindah. Reaksi redoks akan mengisi ulang
baterai. Kation akan tereduksi (elektron akan bertambah) di katode ketika pengisian, sedangkan anion
akan teroksidasi (elektron hilang) di anode ketika pengisian. Ketika digunakan, proses ini dibalik.
Elektrodanya tidak bersentuhan satu sama lain, tetapi terhubung via elektrolit. Beberapa sel
menggunakan elektrolit yang berbeda untuk tiap sel setengah. Sebuah separator dapat membuat ion
mengalir di antara sel-setengah dan bisa menghindari pencampuran elektrolit.</span></p><p
font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></p><p align="justify" class="p" style="color: #565656; font-family:
justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b>h. Sensor
Sentuh</b></span></p><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans,
inherit;"> Touch Sensor atau Sensor Sentuh adalah sensor elektronik yang dapat mendeteksi
sentuhan. Sensor Sentuh ini pada dasarnya beroperasi sebagai sakelar apabila disentuh, seperti sakelar
pada lampu, layar sentuh ponsel dan lain sebagainya. Sensor Sentuh ini dikenal juga sebagai Sensor
Taktil (Tactile Sensor). Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, sensor sentuh ini semakin banyak
digunakan dan telah menggeser peranan sakelar mekanik pada perangkat-perangkat
elektronik.</span></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans,
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></div><p align="justify" class="p" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"></span></p><div style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><h2 style="border: 0px; font-size: 22px;
font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.3;
margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; vertical-align:
baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">JENIS-JENIS
SENSOR SENTUH</span></h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-
east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding:
0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;">Berdasarkan fungsinya, Sensor Sentuh dapat dibedakan menjadi dua jenis utama yaitu Sensor
Kapasitif dan Sensor Resistif. Sensor Kapasitif atau Capacitive Sensor bekerja dengan mengukur
kapasitansi sedangkan sensor Resistif bekerja dengan mengukur tekanan yang diberikan pada
permukaannya.</span></p><h3 style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-
east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding:
0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><a
href="https://teknikelektronika.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/SENSOR-SENTUH-KAPASITIF-DAN-
RESISTIF.png?x72740" style="border: 0px; color: #336699; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-
variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; vertical-align:
baseline;"><img alt="Pengertian SENSOR SENTUH dan jenis-jenisnya (KAPASITIF DAN RESISTIF)"
class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2322 ls-is-cached lazyloaded"
data-src="https://teknikelektronika.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/SENSOR-SENTUH-KAPASITIF-
DAN-RESISTIF.png?x72740" height="175" loading="lazy" src="https://teknikelektronika.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/05/SENSOR-SENTUH-KAPASITIF-DAN-RESISTIF.png?x72740" style="background-
background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-
shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; clear: both; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style:
inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 1.25rem auto; max-width: 100%;
opacity: 1; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: opacity 400ms ease 0ms; vertical-align: bottom;"
width="401" /></a><div style="text-align: center;">(Gambar 18. jenis touch
sensor)</div></span></span></h3><h3 style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-stretch: inherit; font-
variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem;
padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Sensor
Kapasitif</span></span></h3><p style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-
east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding:
0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;">   Sensor sentuh Kapasitif merupakan sensor sentuh yang sangat populer
pada saat ini, hal ini dikarenakan Sensor Kapasitif lebih kuat, tahan lama dan mudah digunakan serta
harga yang relatif lebih murah dari sensor resistif. Ponsel-ponsel pintar saat ini telah banyak yang
menggunakan teknologi ini karena juga menghasilkan respon yang lebih akurat.</span></p><p
style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-
numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">
Berbeda dengan Sensor Resistif yang menggunakan tekanan tertentu untuk merasakan
perubahan pada permukaan layar, Sensor Kapasitif memanfaatkan sifat konduktif alami pada tubuh
manusia untuk mendeteksi perubahan layar sentuhnya. Layar sentuh sensor kapasitif ini terbuat dari
bahan konduktif (biasanya <em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-
height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Indium Tin Oxide</em> atau
disingkat dengan ITO) yang dilapisi oleh kaca tipis dan hanya bisa disentuh oleh jari manusia atau stylus
khusus ataupun sarung khusus yang memiliki sifat konduktif.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color:
#333333; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height:
inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">   Pada saat jari menyentuh layar, akan terjadi
perubahaan medan listrik pada layar sentuh tersebut dan kemudian di respon oleh processor untuk
membaca pergerakan jari tangan tersebut. Jadi perlu diperhatikan bahwa sentuhan kita tidak akan di
respon oleh layar sensor kapasitif ini apabila kita menggunakan bahan-bahan non-konduktif sebagai
perantara jari tangan dan layar sentuh tersebut.</span></p><h3 style="border: 0px; color: #333333;
font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.3;
margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-
weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; font-size:
small;">Sensor Resistif</span></span></h3><p style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-stretch: inherit;
font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px
1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;">   Tidak seperti sensor sentuh kapasitif, sensor sentuh resistif ini tidak
tergantung pada sifat listrik yang terjadi pada konduktivitas pelat logam. Sensor Resistif bekerja dengan
mengukur tekanan yang diberikan pada permukaannya. Karena tidak perlu mengukur perbedaan
kapasitansi, sensor sentuh resistif ini dapat beroperasi pada bahan non-konduktif seperti pena, stylus
atau jari di dalam sarung tangan.</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-stretch:
inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px
0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;">Sensor sentuh resistif terdiri dari dua lapisan konduktif yang dipisahkan oleh jarak atau
celah yang sangat kecil. Dua lapisan konduktif (lapisan atas dan lapisan bawah) ini pada dasarnya
terbuat dari sebuah film. Film-film umumnya dilapisi oleh Indium Tin Oxide yang merupakan konduktor
listrik yang baik dan juga transparan (bening).</span></p><p style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-
stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit;
margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br />Cara kerjanya hampir sama dengan sebuah sakelar, pada saat film
lapisan atas mendapatkan tekanan tertentu baik dengan jari maupun stylus, maka film lapisan atas akan
bersentuhan dengan film lapisan bawah sehingga menimbulkan aliran listrik pada titik koordinat
tertentu layar tersebut dan memberikan signal ke prosesor untuk melakukan proses
selanjutnya.</span></p><div style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-stretch:
inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px;
text-align: justify; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black;
line-height: 18.4px; user-select: text;"><span style="line-height: 18.4px; user-select: text;"><span
style="user-select: text;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-
style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text;
vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="user-select: text;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style:
inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-
align: baseline;">Digital Touch Sensor</span><span style="font-weight: inherit; user-select:
text;"> inilah salah satu saklar modern. </span><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing:
border-box; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-
height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; vertical-align: baseline;">Digital Touch
Sensor</span><span style="font-weight: inherit; user-select: text;"> merupakan
sebuah modul sensor yang berfungsi seperti tombol/saklar, namun cara penggunaanya hanya
perlu dengan menyentuhnya menggunakan jari kita. Pada saat disentuh oleh jari, sensor akan
mendeteksi aliran arus listrik pada tubuh manusia karena tubuh manusia dapat mengalirkan listrik. Data
akan berlogika 1 (HIGH) saat disentuh oleh jari dan akan berlogika 0 (LOW) saat tidak
disentuh.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraph"
style="color: #333333; user-select: text;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color:
black; line-height: 18.4px; user-select: text;"><br style="user-select: text;" /></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333333; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; user-select:
text;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; line-height: 18.4px; user-select:
text;">Digital touch sensor dapat digunakan untuk switching suatu alat atau sistem. Seperti untuk
menghidupkan lampu, menghidupkan motor, menyalakan sistem keamanan, dan lain-lain.<br
style="user-select: text;" /><br style="user-select: text;" /><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:
18.4px; user-select: text;"><span style="line-height: 18.4px; user-select: text;"><span lang="IN"
style="user-select: text;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9ZiL1Tn3rZ0/Xgi872FNq7I/AAAAAAAAj_g/uD8l1vrX-
TQBBQUnYrtmNXEtnS1L28sWwCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/grafiks.PNG" style="color: #336699; text-
decoration-line: none; user-select: text;"><span lang="EN-ID" style="user-select: text;"><span
style="user-select: text;"></span></span></a></span><span style="user-select:
text;"></span></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #333333;
text-align: center; user-select: text;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 18.4px; user-select:
text;"><span style="line-height: 18.4px; user-select: text;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
yqe3sepz-yA/Xk7Dwn8SwLI/AAAAAAAAALk/ZOJAVT2uO5wgS_y7-0z95X5dYNVd-MPNgCLcBGAsYHQ/
s1600/grafiks.PNG" style="color: #336699; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line:
none; user-select: text;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><img
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yqe3sepz-yA/Xk7Dwn8SwLI/AAAAAAAAALk/ZOJAVT2uO5wgS_y7-
0z95X5dYNVd-MPNgCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/grafiks.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial;
shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative; user-select: text;"
width="320" /></span></a></span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color:
#333333; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center; user-select: text;"><span
lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: black; line-height: 18.4px; user-select:
text;">Gambar Grafik Sensor Sentuh</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="color:
#333333; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center; user-select: text;"><span
lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: black; line-height: 18.4px; user-select: text;"><br
style="user-select: text;" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333333; line-height:
13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; user-select: text;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee;
color: black; line-height: 18.4px; user-select: text;"><span style="user-select: text;">Dari datasheet kita
lihat performance dari IC ini bisa di gunakan untuk tegangan kerja VCC baik 3.3volt ataupun 5volt DC dan
memiliki prinsip capacitance. Dan kelebihan lain kita bisa setting ouput pin active high atau active low
pada kondisi awal pada pin AHLB.</span><span face="helvetica, sans-serif" style="user-select:
text;">  </span><span style="user-select: text;"></span></span></div><p style="border:
0px; color: #333333; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit;
line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div
class="MsoNormal" style="color: #333333; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; user-select:
text;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: black; line-height: 18.4px; user-
select: text;">Digital touch sensor dapat digunakan untuk switching suatu alat atau sistem. Seperti untuk
menghidupkan lampu, menghidupkan motor, menyalakan sistem keamanan, dan
lain-lain.</span></div></div><p align="justify" class="p" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b>1. Flame sensor</b></span></p><div
inherit;">Pengertian dan Kegunaan Flame Sensor</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear:
both; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size:
13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">Flame sensor adalah alat yang
sensitif terhadap radiasi sinar ultraviolet yang ditimbulkan oleh nyala api, tetapi detector ini tidak
bereaksi pada lampu ruangan, infra merah atau sumber cahaya lain yang tidak ada hubungannya dengan
nyala api (flame).<br /><br />Flame sensor atau flame detector merupakan salah satu alat instrument
berupa sensor yang dapat mendeteksi nilai intensitas dan frekuensi api dengan panjang gelombang
antara 760 nm ~ 1100 nm.</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #666666; text-align:
center;"><span style="color: #b87209; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9xQmm_5Pyz8/X8dtV43OFuI/AAAAAAAAAUY/
j2R9oMzNFoEKoFxKWb7wItMSskQHabFngCLcBGAsYHQ/s737/Sensor-flame.png" style="color: #b87209;
height="202" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9xQmm_5Pyz8/X8dtV43OFuI/AAAAAAAAAUY/
j2R9oMzNFoEKoFxKWb7wItMSskQHabFngCLcBGAsYHQ/w482-h202/Sensor-flame.png"
none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="482"
/></span></a></span></div><p style="color: #666666; text-align: justify;"></p><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">Aplikasi yang disarankan untuk penggunaan
flame detector adalah :</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #333333; font-
family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br />a.Rumah yang memiliki plafon tinggi: aula, gudang,
galeri.<br />b.Tempat yang mudah terbakar: gudang kimia, pompa bensin, pabrik, ruangan mesin, ruang
panel listrik.<br />c.Ruang komputer, lorong-lorong dan sebagainya.</span></div><div
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/>Penempatan detector harus bebas dari objek yang menghalangi, tidak dekat dengan lampu mercury,
lampu halogen dan lampu untuk sterilisasi. Juga hindari tempat-tempat yang sering terjadi percikan api
(spark), seperti di bengkel-bengkel las atau bengkel kerja yang mengoperasikan gerinda. Dalam
percobaan singkat, detector ini menunjukkan performa yang sangat bagus. Respon detector terbilang
cepat saat korek api dinyalakan dalam jarak 3 – 4m. Oleh sebab itu, pemasangan di pusat keramaian dan
area publik harus sedikit dicermati. Jangan sampai orang yang hanya menyalakan pemantik api (lighter)
di bawah detector dianggap sebagai kebakaran. Bisa juga dipasang di ruang bebas merokok (No Smoking
Area) asalkan bunyi alarm-nya hanya terjadi di ruangan itu saja sebagai peringatan bagi orang yang
“membandel”.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,
font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><p align="justify" class="p" style="color: #565656; font-family:
justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"></span></p><div
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: #333333; font-family:
inherit;">Grafik Flame Sensor</span><div style="color: #333333; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 0px; font-
stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin:
0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch:
inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #666666;
font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-
align: center; text-indent: 0px;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s4GnJDt0-1g/XgBePz_iL-I/AAAAAAAAE8U/
nc4Za6kwwD83qNboj712RgM3InbV7jKnACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Capture%2B2.PNG" style="color:
#b87209; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-
s4GnJDt0-1g/XgBePz_iL-I/AAAAAAAAE8U/nc4Za6kwwD83qNboj712RgM3InbV7jKnACLcBGAsYHQ/
s400/Capture%2B2.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-
image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;
background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px;
padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a>\</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;
font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-
align: center; text-indent: 0px;">Grafik Flame sensor</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;
color: #666666; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight:
inherit; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;"><br /></div></i><div class="separator" style="clear:
both;"><i><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: inherit;
font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-weight: inherit;">
  </span></span></i>Terdeteksinya panas api maka akan semakin kecil resistansi pada
sensor Flame Sensor sehingga memungkinkan arus untuk mengalir dan sensor
ON.</div></span></span><i style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit;
font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-
align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-
variant: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color:
#575757; font-weight: inherit; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
QCmGLTiQwk8/X8mkDRAWmBI/AAAAAAAAAVY/m5--gKHZ7_gPwiIC-6DDAkNx7xI74irpACLcBGAsYHQ/
s277/flame.png" style="color: #b87209; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QCmGLTiQwk8/X8mkDRAWmBI/AAAAAAAAAVY/m5--gKHZ7_gPwiIC-
6DDAkNx7xI74irpACLcBGAsYHQ/w376-h246/flame.png" style="background-attachment: initial;
initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)
1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="376" /></a></div></span></span></i><br
/>Rumus :<br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><b style="background-color:
#eeeeee;">DQ = C DT</b></div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/>Keterangan :<br /><br /><span style="border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-style: initial;
font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit;
text-indent: -18pt;">q = kalor yang dilepas atau diserap (J)</span><br /><br /><span style="border-
color: initial; border-image: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian:
inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-indent: -18pt;">D= perubahan temperatur
(takhir – tawal) (0C)</span><br /><br /><span style="border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-
style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-
height: inherit; text-indent: -18pt;">C = kapasitas kalor (J/0C)</span><br /><br /><span style="border-
color: initial; border-image: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian:
inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-indent: -18pt;">m = massa sampel
(gr)</span><br /><br /><span style="border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-style: initial; font-
stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-
indent: -18pt;">c = kalor jenis (J/g0C)</span></span></div><div style="color: #333333; margin-bottom:
20px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-
style: initial; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-
numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-indent: -18pt;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin-
bottom: 20px;"><b style="background-color: #eeeeee;">j. Sensor Vibration</b></div></div><p
font-family: inherit;"></span></p><div style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: #274e13;"><p style="color: black; text-align: justify;"><span
style="text-align: left;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: black; text-align:
center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ncrUh_jYHCI/X8BYiMEnr8I/AAAAAAAAAv4/_bGYAp-YkDYwsIxz-
XEUo_sjjMxuzhpDQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/SW-420-sensor%2Bvibraton.jpg" style="clear: left; color:
#b51200; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration-line:
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ncrUh_jYHCI/X8BYiMEnr8I/AAAAAAAAAv4/_bGYAp-YkDYwsIxz-
XEUo_sjjMxuzhpDQCLcBGAsYHQ/w395-h138/SW-420-sensor%2Bvibraton.jpg" style="background-
width="395" /></a></span></div><span face="Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif"
style="color: black;"><br /><br /></span><p style="color: black;"></p><div style="color: black; text-
align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></div><div style="color: black; text-align:
justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div style="color: black; text-align:
justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">       Vibration sensor /
Sensor getaran ini memegang peranan penting dalam kegiatan pemantauan sinyal getaran karena
terletak di sisi depan (front end) dari suatu proses pemantauan getaran mesin. Secara konseptual,
sensor getaran berfungsi untuk mengubah besar sinyal getaran fisik menjadi sinyal getaran analog dalam
besaran listrik dan pada umumnya berbentuk tegangan listrik. Pemakaian sensor getaran ini
memungkinkan sinyal getaran tersebut diolah secara elektrik sehingga memudahkan dalam proses
manipulasi sinyal, diantaranya:</span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="text-
align: left;">   - Pembesaran sinyal getaran<br /></span><span style="text-align:
left;">   - Penyaringan sinyal getaran dari sinyal pengganggu.<br /></span><span
style="text-align: left;">   - Penguraian sinyal, dan lainnya.</span><span style="text-align:
left;"><br /></span><span style="text-align: left;">Sensor getaran dipilih sesuai dengan jenis sinyal
getaran yang akan dipantau. Karena itu, sensor getaran dapat dibedakan menjadi:</span><span
style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="text-align: left;"> - Sensor penyimpangan
getaran (displacement transducer)<br /></span><span style="text-align: left;"> - Sensor
kecepatan getaran (velocity tranducer)<br /></span><span style="text-align: left;"> - Sensor
percepatam getaran (accelerometer).</span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span
style="text-align: left;">Pemilihan sensor getaran untuk keperluan pemantauan sinyal getaran
didasarkan atas pertimbangan berikut:</span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span
style="text-align: left;"> - Jenis sinyal getaran<br /></span><span style="text-align: left;">
- Rentang frekuensi pengukuran<br /></span><span style="text-align: left;"> -
Ukuran dan berat objek getaran.<br /></span><span style="text-align: left;"> - Sensitivitas
sensor</span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="text-align: left;">Berdasarkan
cara kerjanya sensor dapat dibedakan menjadi:</span><span style="text-align: left;"><br
/></span><span style="text-align: left;">   - Sensor aktif, yakni sensor yang langsung
menghasilkan tegangan listrik tanpa perlu catu daya<br /></span><span style="text-align:
left;">   (power supply) dari luar, misalnya Velocity Transducer.<br /></span><span
style="text-align: left;">   - Sensor pasif yakni sensor yang memerlukan catu daya dari luar
agar dapat berkerja.</span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="text-align:
left;"><br /></span><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span><span style="text-align: left;">Grafik
perbandingan frekuensi dengan sensitivitas sensor getaran :</span></div><div class="separator"
style="clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #848484; margin-left: 1em;
margin-right: 1em;"><span style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i0QyMiGh-gc/XhUrpd5_KlI/AAAAAAAAAPw/zzZoxp4qYAUN-
T158UFHNNQdl_VISp1dACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/grafik%2Bsensor%2Bgetaran.jpg" style="color: #848484;
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i0QyMiGh-gc/XhUrpd5_KlI/AAAAAAAAAPw/zzZoxp4qYAUN-
T158UFHNNQdl_VISp1dACLcBGAsYHQ/w563-h312/grafik%2Bsensor%2Bgetaran.jpg"
relative;" width="563" /></a></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color:
black; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #848484; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br
/></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: black;"><b>k. Sensor Gas
mq2</b></div></span></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #222222; text-align:
center;"><span style="line-height: 18.4px;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mPj7fp15sJ4/X7E_1ryQ5YI/AAAAAAAAL0U/
NapZPfLgIosxARA8YkUK4VH0QgtPABc2QCLcBGAsYHQ/s429/mq2.PNG" style="color: #2288bb; margin-
left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="315"
height="228" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mPj7fp15sJ4/X7E_1ryQ5YI/AAAAAAAAL0U/
NapZPfLgIosxARA8YkUK4VH0QgtPABc2QCLcBGAsYHQ/w168-h228/mq2.PNG" style="background-
background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0,
0, 0, 0); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="168"
/></span></a></span></div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: #222222; line-height:
18.4px; text-align: start;"><br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="color: #222222; line-height:
19.8px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-indent: -0.55pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: initial; background-
background-size: initial; border: 1pt none windowtext; line-height: 24px; padding: 0cm;">Sensor jenis ini
adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi konsentrasi gas yang mudah terbakar di udara serta asap
dan output membaca sebagai tegangan analog. <a
href="https://www.andalanelektro.id/2020/05/mengenal-jenis-transduser-sensor-dan-aktuator-
pengetian-penjelasan.html" style="color: #2288bb; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank"><span
style="color: black;">Sensor</span></a> gas asap MQ-2 dapat langsung diatur sensitifitasnya
dengan memutar trimpotnya. Sensor ini biasa digunakan untuk mendeteksi kebocoran gas baik di rumah
maupun di industri. Gas yang dapat dideteksi diantaranya : LPG, i-butane, propane, methane , alcohol,
Hydrogen, smoke. </span><span style="text-indent: -0.55pt;">Sensor ini sangat cocok di gunakan
untuk alat emergensi sebagai deteksi gas-gas, seperti deteksi kebocoran gas, deteksi asap untuk
pencegahan kebakaran dan lain lain.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-
background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-
height: 19.8px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-indent: -0.55pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; border: 1pt none windowtext; line-height: 24px; padding:
0cm;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-
background-repeat: repeat; background-size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 19.8px; margin: 0cm
0cm 0cm 36pt; text-indent: -0.55pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-family: inherit;"><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; line-height: 24px; padding:
0cm;">Prinsip Kerja:</span><span style="text-indent: -0.55pt;"> </span></span></p><p
size: initial; color: #222222; line-height: 19.8px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-indent: -0.55pt;
vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span
style="border: 1pt none windowtext; line-height: 24px; padding: 0cm;">Sensor Asap MQ-2 berfungsi
untuk mendeteksi keberadaan asap yang berasal dari gas mudah terbakar di udara. Pada dasarnya
sensor ini terdiri dari tabung aluminium yang dikelilingi oleh silikon dan di pusatnya ada elektroda yang
terbuat dari aurum di mana ada element pemanasnya. </span><span style="text-indent: -
0.55pt;">Ketika terjadi proses pemanasan, kumparan akan dipanaskan sehingga SnO2 keramik
menjadi </span><a href="https://www.andalanelektro.id/2018/08/pengertian-dan-penjelasan-
sifat-bahan-listrik.html" style="color: #2288bb; text-decoration-line: none; text-indent: -0.55pt;"
target="_blank"><span style="color: black;">semikonduktor</span></a><span style="text-indent: -
0.55pt;"> atau sebagai penghantar sehingga melepaskan elektron dan ketika asap dideteksi oleh
sensor dan mencapai aurum elektroda maka output sensor MQ-2 akan menghasilkan tegangan
analog. </span><span style="text-align: start; text-indent: -0.55pt;">Sensor MQ-2 ini memiliki 6
buah masukan yang terdiri dari tiga buah power supply (Vcc) sebasar +5 volt untuk mengaktifkan heater
dan sensor, Vss (Ground), dan pin keluaran dari sensor tersebut.</span></span></p><div><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-
align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">Grafik Respon Sensor Gas</div><a
href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ZyeYJ1WvoUE/YD-YOUbkn1I/AAAAAAAAAVI/
QtJQdmwDwG4JNO1-tosQTN6FbzhnzJxigCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="color: #26d4b1; margin-left:
1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" data-original-height="271" data-
original-width="640" height="208" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ZyeYJ1WvoUE/YD-
YOUbkn1I/AAAAAAAAAVI/QtJQdmwDwG4JNO1-tosQTN6FbzhnzJxigCLcBGAsYHQ/w490-h208/
image.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial;
position: relative;" width="490" /></a></div><br />Dengan menggunakan konstruksi
rangkaian <strong style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant:
inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px;
font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding:
0px; vertical-align: baseline;">voltage divider</em></strong> atau <strong style="border:
0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant:
inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;">pembagi tegangan</em></strong>, maka kadar suatu gas bisa diukur / diperoleh. Nilai
resistansi dari sensor MQ2 berbanding lurus dengan kadar atau konsentrasi dari suatu gas yang
dideteksi. Karena dibuat atau disusun menjadi sebuah rangkaian pembagi tegangan tadi, maka otomatis
nilai tegangan dari sensor akan mengikuti atau sebanding dengan nilai
resistansinya. <p></p></span></div><div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><b><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="color:
#222222;">l. </span></span></b><span style="color: #222222; text-align:
start;">Phototransistors</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; color:
#222222; text-align: start;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><span style="color: #222222; text-align: start;">
    Phototransistors adalah perangkat photojunction mirip dengan transistor
kecuali bahwa sinyal yang diperkuat adalah pasangan muatan yang dihasilkan oleh input optik. Seperti
halnya transistor, phototransistors dapat memiliki gain tinggi. Fototransistor </span><span
style="color: #222222; text-align: start;">dapat dibuat pada silikon menggunakan junction p-dan n-type
atau dapat menjadi heterostructures. Gambar 56.8 menunjukkan sketsa struktur phototransistor bipolar
sederhana, yang pada dasarnya sama dengan transistor bipolar sederhana. Perbedaan utama adalah
persimpangan basis-kolektor yang lebih besar, yang merupakan daerah peka cahaya. Hal ini
menghasilkan kapasitansi junction yang lebih besar dan, meskipun perangkat memiliki gain, kapasitansi
memberikan respon frekuensi phototransistors lebih rendah daripada dioda.</span><br style="color:
#222222; text-align: start;" /><br style="color: #222222; text-align: start;" /><br style="color: #222222;
text-align: start;" /></span><a
href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3iH0-sXym0g/W952b9mptzI/AAAAAAAAAL4/6VOHwULbFpkQgECBqw
YOm6RZXbahGg3fACLcBGAs/s1600/Screenshot%2B%252886%2529.png" style="clear: right; color:
#cc6611; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center; text-decoration-line:
src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3iH0-sXym0g/W952b9mptzI/AAAAAAAAAL4/6VOHwULbFpkQgECBqwY
Om6RZXbahGg3fACLcBGAs/s1600/Screenshot%2B%252886%2529.png" style="background-attachment:
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></span></a><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #222222; text-align:
start;"><br /></span><span style="color: #222222; text-align: start;">GAMBAR 56.8 Representasi
skematik dari phototransistor bipolar sederhana.</span><br style="color: #222222; text-align: start;"
/><span style="color: #222222; text-align: start;">Perhatikan bahwa phototransistor memiliki titik p-n
yang besar</span><br style="color: #222222; text-align: start;" /><span style="color: #222222; text-
align: start;">wilayah yang merupakan bagian fotosensitif dari perangkat</span><span style="color:
#222222; text-align: start;"><br /></span><span style="color: #222222; text-align: start;">Menggunakan
teknologi transistor film tipis (TFT) yang dikembangkan untuk display panel datar, array besar
phototransistors dapat dibuat pada silikon amorphous untuk membentuk perangkat pencitraan
yang dapat digunakan di tempat teknologi pencitraan lain seperti tabung vidicon atau bahkan film.
Contohnya adalah detektor luas (ratusan sentimeter persegi) yang diselidiki untuk digunakan dalam
radiografi medis dengan menggabungkan susunan TFT dengan layar fosfor radiografi [4] atau
digabungkan ke film semikonduktor [5].</span><br style="color: #222222; text-align: start;" /><br
style="color: #222222; text-align: start;" /></span><h3 style="border: 0px; color: #222222; font-stretch:
inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px
1.25rem; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong
margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit; font-size: small;">Struktur Phototransistor</span></strong></h3><div class="mh-
content-ad" style="border: 0px; color: #222222; float: left; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian:
inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px 20px; max-width: 100%;
padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div style="border: 0px; color: #222222;
font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit;
margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">Photo Transistor dirancang khusus untuk
aplikasi pendeteksian cahaya sehingga memiliki Wilayah Basis dan Kolektor yang lebih besar dibanding
dengan Transistor normal umumnya. Bahan Dasar Photo Transistor pada awalnya terbuat dari bahan
semikonduktor seperti Silikon dan Germanium yang membentuk struktur Homo-junction. Namun seiring
dengan perkembangannya, Photo Transistor saat ini lebih banyak menggunakan bahan semikonduktor
seperti Galium Arsenide yang tergolong dalam kelompok Semikonduktor III-V sehingga membentuk
struktur Hetero-junction yang memberikan efisiensi konversi lebih tinggi. Yang dimaksud dengan
Hetero-junction atau Heterostructure adalah Struktur yang menggunakan bahan yang berbeda pada
kedua sisi persimpangan PN.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #222222;
text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6aGiHBDttgY/W954lSheloI/AAAAAAAAAME/
6lI2ZVmYw30_OezOi0qlKLrxgrfIlkyDwCLcBGAs/s1600/Struktur-Phototransistor-Homojunction-dan-
Heterojunction%2B%25281%2529.jpg" style="color: #cc6611; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-
decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><img
src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6aGiHBDttgY/W954lSheloI/AAAAAAAAAME/
6lI2ZVmYw30_OezOi0qlKLrxgrfIlkyDwCLcBGAs/s320/Struktur-Phototransistor-Homojunction-dan-
Heterojunction%2B%25281%2529.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial;
1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator"
style="clear: both; color: #222222; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;">Photo Transistor pada umumnya dikemas dalam bentuk transparan pada area dimana
Photo Transistor tersebut menerima cahaya.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;
color: #222222; text-align: start;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></div><h2 style="border: 0px; color: #222222; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-
padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Bentuk dan Simbol
Phototransistor</span></h2><div style="border: 0px; color: #222222; font-stretch: inherit; line-height:
inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">Photo Transistor pada umumnya dikemas
dalam bentuk transparan pada area dimana Photo Transistor tersebut menerima cahaya.
Berikut ini adalah bentuk dan simbol Photo Transistor (Transistor Foto).</span></div><div
class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #222222; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bKT2sbXGRtk/W955RAkPgrI/AAAAAAAAAMM/jV_MwV2M3ykLJscnA-
owyFc0S9mbo3k5QCLcBGAs/s1600/Pengertian-Photo-Transistor-dan-Prinsip-Kerjanya.jpg" style="color:
#cc6611; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-
src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bKT2sbXGRtk/W955RAkPgrI/AAAAAAAAAMM/jV_MwV2M3ykLJscnA-
owyFc0S9mbo3k5QCLcBGAs/s320/Pengertian-Photo-Transistor-dan-Prinsip-Kerjanya.jpg"
relative;" width="320" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: #222222;
text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></div><h2 style="border: 0px; color: #222222; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: inherit; font-
padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Prinsip Kerja Photo Transistor</span></h2><div
style="color: #222222; text-align: start;"><div style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-
asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px;
vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">Cara kerja
Photo Transistor atau Transistor Foto hampir sama dengan Transistor normal pada umumnya, dimana
arus pada Basis Transistor dikalikan untuk memberikan arus pada Kolektor. Namun khusus untuk Photo
Transistor, arus Basis dikendalikan oleh jumlah cahaya atau inframerah yang diterimanya. Oleh karena
itu, pada umumnya secara fisik Photo Transistor hanya memiliki dua kaki yaitu Kolektor dan Emitor
sedangkan terminal Basisnya berbentuk lensa yang berfungsi sebagai sensor pendeteksi
cahaya.</span></div><div style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-
variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">Pada prinsipnya, apabila
Terminal Basis pada Photo Transistor menerima intensitas cahaya yang tinggi, maka arus yang mengalir
dari Kolektor ke Emitor akan semakin besar. untuk lebih jelaskan, lihat di pembuaatan simulasi
rangkaian sederhana dibawah.<br /><a name="4"></a><br /></span><h2 style="font-size: 22px; margin:
0px; position: relative;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; font-size:
small;">Grafik respon sensor Phototransistor</span></h2><div style="font-family: "Open
Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br
/></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: "Open Sans",
Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee;"><br /><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pljSXcgdgWg/XDbe6fw3VBI/AAAAAAAAAOM/
s1ug1rxUntYNFLULAnYLlxQWws7GMOstACLcBGAs/s1600/hubungan%2Bkeluaran%2Bphotodide
%2Bdengan%2Bintensitas%2Bcahaya.jpg" style="color: #cc6611; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;
text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" data-original-height="207" data-original-width="243"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pljSXcgdgWg/XDbe6fw3VBI/AAAAAAAAAOM/
s1ug1rxUntYNFLULAnYLlxQWws7GMOstACLcBGAs/s1600/hubungan%2Bkeluaran%2Bphotodide
%2Bdengan%2Bintensitas%2Bcahaya.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip:
0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></a></span></div></div></div></div><p
style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-
align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-
color: #eeeeee; color: #222222; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;">
contoh
gambar grafik hubungan antara arus listrik dengan intensitas cahaya</span></p><p style="color:
#565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align:
center;"><span face="Open Sans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color:
red; font-size: medium;"><b>Grafik Respon Sensor</b></span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-
family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><span
face="Open Sans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: red; font-size:
medium;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span face="Open Sans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-size: medium;"><b>sensor mq2</b></span></p><p
align: center;"><a
href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ZyeYJ1WvoUE/YD-YOUbkn1I/AAAAAAAAAVI/
QtJQdmwDwG4JNO1-tosQTN6FbzhnzJxigCLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="background-color: #eeeeee;
color: #26d4b1; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img alt="" data-
original-height="271" data-original-width="640" height="208" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-
ZyeYJ1WvoUE/YD-YOUbkn1I/AAAAAAAAAVI/QtJQdmwDwG4JNO1-tosQTN6FbzhnzJxigCLcBGAsYHQ/
w490-h208/image.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-
image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;
background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(242, 242, 242); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px;
padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="490" /></a></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-size: medium;">sensor api</span></b></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial,
Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s4GnJDt0-1g/XgBePz_iL-I/AAAAAAAAE8U/
nc4Za6kwwD83qNboj712RgM3InbV7jKnACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Capture%2B2.PNG" style="background-
color: #eeeeee; color: #b87209; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s4GnJDt0-1g/XgBePz_iL-I/AAAAAAAAE8U/
nc4Za6kwwD83qNboj712RgM3InbV7jKnACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Capture%2B2.PNG" style="background-
width="400" /></a></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-
serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span face="Open Sans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-size: medium;"><b>sensor getar</b></span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family:
Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: justify;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i0QyMiGh-gc/XhUrpd5_KlI/AAAAAAAAAPw/zzZoxp4qYAUN-
T158UFHNNQdl_VISp1dACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/grafik%2Bsensor%2Bgetaran.jpg" style="background-
color: #eeeeee; color: #848484; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-i0QyMiGh-gc/XhUrpd5_KlI/AAAAAAAAAPw/zzZoxp4qYAUN-
T158UFHNNQdl_VISp1dACLcBGAsYHQ/w521-h304/grafik%2Bsensor%2Bgetaran.jpg"
relative;" width="521" /></a></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:
large;">Phototransistor</b></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica,
FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
pljSXcgdgWg/XDbe6fw3VBI/AAAAAAAAAOM/s1ug1rxUntYNFLULAnYLlxQWws7GMOstACLcBGAs/
s1600/hubungan%2Bkeluaran%2Bphotodide%2Bdengan%2Bintensitas%2Bcahaya.jpg" style="clear: left;
color: #cc6611; float: left; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:
14px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee;"><img border="0" data-original-height="207" data-original-width="243" height="254"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pljSXcgdgWg/XDbe6fw3VBI/AAAAAAAAAOM/
s1ug1rxUntYNFLULAnYLlxQWws7GMOstACLcBGAs/w296-h254/hubungan%2Bkeluaran%2Bphotodide
%2Bdengan%2Bintensitas%2Bcahaya.jpg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip:
0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="296" /></span></a></p><p style="color:
#565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align:
justify;"><span face=""Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #222222; text-
align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-size: medium;"><b><br
/></b></span></span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans,
sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif" style="color: #222222; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open
Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #222222; text-align: center;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p
align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;
text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-size: medium;"><b><br
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: justify;"><span face=""Open
Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #222222; text-align: center;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-size: medium;"><b><br /></b></span></span></p><p
align: justify;"><span face=""Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #222222;
text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-size: medium;"><b><br
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span face=""Open Sans", Helvetica,
Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #222222; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;
font-size: medium;"><b> sensor sentuh</b></span></span></p><p style="color: #565656; font-
family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-align: justify;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; color: #336699; font-family: inherit; margin-left: 1em; margin-right:
1em; text-align: center; user-select: text;"><a
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yqe3sepz-yA/Xk7Dwn8SwLI/AAAAAAAAALk/ZOJAVT2uO5wgS_y7-
0z95X5dYNVd-MPNgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/grafiks.PNG" style="color: #336699; margin-left: 1em; margin-
right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none; user-select: text;"><img border="0" data-original-height="294"
src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yqe3sepz-yA/Xk7Dwn8SwLI/AAAAAAAAALk/ZOJAVT2uO5wgS_y7-
0z95X5dYNVd-MPNgCLcBGAsYHQ/w418-h204/grafiks.PNG" style="background-attachment: initial;
shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative; user-select: text;"
width="418" /></a></span></p></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align:
left;"><span style="color: #274e13;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator"
style="clear: both; color: black; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; color:
#848484; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></span></div></span></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;
line-height: 17.12px;"><a name="percobaan"></a><a href="#home"><span font-family:=""
georgia="">4</span>. <span
lang="EN-US">Percobaan</span></a></span></b></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="background-color:
#eeeeee;"><br /></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;
line-height: 17.12px;"><span>   </span> <a name="prosedur"></a><a
href="#home"><span font-family:="" georgia="">4</span>.1 Prosedur <span lang="EN-
US">Percobaan</span></a></span></b></span></span></div><div><span><span style="font-family:
inherit;"><b style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></b></span></span></div></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span
style="line-height: 32px;"><span>1.</span></span><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span> Buka
aplikasi Proteus</span><br /><span>2</span></span><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span>. Pilih
komponen yang dibutuhkan, pada rangkaian ini dibutukan komponen Relay, Motor
DC, Sensor MQ2 , Sensor Flame, Sensor Touch, Sensor Vibration , Sensor UV, Transistor NPN
BC548, Octocoupler, Resistor, Op amp, Potensiometer, dan Mosfet</span><br
/><span>3</span></span><span style="line-height: 32px;"><span>. Rangkai setiap komponen menjadi
rangkaian yang diinginkan</span><br /><span>4</span></span><span style="line-height:
32px;"><span>. Ubah spesifikasi komponen sesuai kebutuhan</span><br
/><span>5</span></span><span style="line-height: 32px;">. Jalankan simulasi
rangkaian</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 32px;"><br
/></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"><span>
</span> <a name="rangkaian"></a><a href="#home"><span font-family:=""
georgia="">4</span>.2 Rangkaian Simulasi</a></span></b></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US"
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"><span>
</span><span>   </span><span>   </span>a. Gambar
Rangkaian</span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div class="separator"
style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><span><span
style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator"
style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align:
center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator"
href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z5t-GiWURmU/YEMo0SqTWSI/AAAAAAAAA5U/
A_0kI6f84UsfmUhEnX3yQFTXPVQeKt6wACLcBGAsYHQ/s1102/WhatsApp%2BImage%2B2021-03-
06%2Bat%2B10.48.44%2BAM.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-
original-height="603" data-original-width="1102" height="342" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-z5t-
GiWURmU/YEMo0SqTWSI/AAAAAAAAA5U/A_0kI6f84UsfmUhEnX3yQFTXPVQeKt6wACLcBGAsYHQ/
w627-h342/WhatsApp%2BImage%2B2021-03-06%2Bat%2B10.48.44%2BAM.jpeg" width="627"
/></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div
class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-
align: center;"><a
href="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-evNtuy-GaLo/YEL-7f7EpxI/AAAAAAAAA48/
DwIPAJTM6jU47S1wBcTLLmBKQEuzqns-ACLcBGAsYHQ/image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-
right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1487" height="346"
src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-evNtuy-GaLo/YEL-7f7EpxI/AAAAAAAAA48/
DwIPAJTM6jU47S1wBcTLLmBKQEuzqns-ACLcBGAsYHQ/w636-h346/image.png" width="636"
/></a></div></div></div></div></div></span></span></div></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US"
style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"><span>
</span><span>   </span><span>
</span></span></b></span></span><b style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: inherit; line-
height: 17.12px;">b. Prinsip Kerja</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color:
#565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px;"><b><span
lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"><br
/></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: #565656; font-family: Arial, Tahoma,
Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; line-height: 24px; text-align: justify; text-indent:
36pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-
color: #eeeeee;"><b>Prinsip kerja sensor getar </b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Ketika sensor
getar mendeteksi adanya getaran dari orang maka sensor getar akan berlogika 1 tu dan menghasilkan
output 5 volt menuju resistor dan paralel juga dengan resistor dan diumpankan ke kaki gate dengan
tegangan 2,5 volt dari vcc menuju R9 kaki relay lalu diumpankan ke kaki drain menuju kaki source dan
diumpankan ke ground sehingga relay switch ke kiri dan motor pun hidup Sehingga pintu
terbuka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Ketika sensor getar tidak mendeteksi adanya getaran maka tidak
ada keluaran output sehingga motor motor untuk menutup pintu tidak aktif dan motor untuk menutup
pintu pun aktif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent:
36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><b>Prinsip kerja
touch sensor</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent:
36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Ketika sensor sentuh mendeteksi adanya sentuhan
dari seseorang akan mengakibatkan sensor berlogika 1 mengakibatkan sensor mengeluarkan output 5
volt menuju R7 atau resistor dan diparalelkan dengan r10 di kaki gate dengan tegangan 0,85 volt
sehingga transistor aktif Dari power menuju r11 ke kaki relay menuju ke kaki drain diumpankan ke kaki
source dan diumpankan lagi ke ground sehingga relay switch ke kiri mengakibatkan motor pintu
terbuka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Ketika sensor tidak mendeteksi adanya sentuhan maka tidak terjadi
keluaran output sehingga motor pintu tidak terbuka dan motor penutup menutup
pintu</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><b>Sensor gas MQ
2</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Ketika sensor gas mendeteksi asap rokok maka sensor akan
berlogika 1 dan terjadi Put dari sensor dengan tegangan 5 volt R4 paralel dengan R15 di kaki gate
dengan tegangan 2,5 volt sehingga mengaktifkan mosfet dari vcc r14 diumpankan ke kaki relay lalu ke
kaki drain menuju ground sehingga relay switch ke kanan mengakibatkan motor untuk membuka
ventilasi aktif sehingga ventilasi terbuka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;
text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Namun ketika sensor gas tidak
mendeteksi adanya gas rokok maka tidak ada keluaran output dari sensor akibatkan motor pembuka
ventilasi mati danmotor untuk menutup ventilasi aktif</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-
height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee;"><b>Flame sensor</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-
indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Ketika sensor api mendeteksi adanya
kebakaran atau api maka sensor akan berlogika 1 mengakibatkan terjadinya output 5 volt menuju R5
paralel dengan r13 di kaki gate dengan tegangan 2,5 volt mengakibatkan mosfet aktif dan arus mengalir
dari vcc menuju r14 lalu diumpankan ke kaki relay menuju kaki drain dan kaki source menuju ke ground
sehingga relay switch ke kanan mengakibatkan motor Fire springkler aktif dan speaker aktif motor Fire
splingker berguna untuk memadamkan api sehingga tidak terjadi kebakaran lagi</span></div><div
#eeeeee;">Namun ketika sensor api tidak mendeteksi adanya kebakaran maka tidak terjadi keluaran
output sehingga motor Fire sprinkler tidak aktif dan speaker tidak aktif dan aktif menandakan tidak
adanya api</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><b>Foto transistor atau
UV</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-indent: 36pt;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Ketika pada siang hari sensor UV memiliki sedikit hambatan
sehingga arus dari vcc menuju phototransistor mengalir ke kaki positif dan mengakibatkan terjadinya
perbedaan tegangan dari kaki minus mengakibatkan terjadinya keluaran output sebesar 8,95 volt
menuju R2 paralel dengan r18 kaki gate dengan tegangan 4,48 volt mengakibatkan mosfet aktif terjadi
arus dari vcc ke r16 diumpankan ke kaki relay dari kaki relay diumpankan ke kaki drain kaki-kaki
source menuju ground dan relay switch ke kiri nah akibatkan lampu mati</span></div><div
#eeeeee;">Ketika malam hari hambatan yang ada di foto transistor tinggi sehingga tidak terjadinya arus
mengakibatkan relay switch ke kanan dan lampu hidup</span></div></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br
/></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"><span>   </span> <a
name="video"></a><a href="#home"><span font-family:="" georgia="">4</span>.3 Video
Simulasi</a></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><span
lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"><br
/></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span><b><div class="separator"
style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><object class="BLOG_video_class"
contentid="1be2d25fc9bc52bb" height="266" id="BLOG_video-1be2d25fc9bc52bb"
width="320"></object></div><br /><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit; line-height: 17.12px;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br
/></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><b><span
style="line-height: 17.12px;"><a href="#home"><span font-family:=""
georgia="">5</span>. <span lang="EN-US">Download File</span></a></span></b><span
lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 17.12px;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:
justify;"><span><span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;
line-height: 17.12px;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-
align: center;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: inherit; line-
height: 17.12px;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=14-
u6wxe6y2WoY2D8lvCj7uNnuoT0IhOE">Rangkaian Simulasi</a></span><span style="font-family: inherit;
line-height: 17.12px;"></span></div><span><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 17.12px;"></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align: justify;"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span
lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 17.12px;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?
export=download&id=1FghWhNN_PS-whie8dMNOViQXa9tw3cGW">Video
Rangkaian </a></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:
line-height: 17.12px;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-
height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span><span
style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 24px;"><span>UV Sensor
Library</span> <o:p></o:p></span><a
href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ikd1vh4789z_HtfsyKz97PoTc8ysDfwx/view?usp=sharing"
style="cursor:
8IjO_r5THKTUjAADrIqb5nijhvVIVrpxM5A3Azes8GVVmlrCYjWNBA=s0-d"), auto !important;">klik
disini</a><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;
text-align: justify;"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span><br
/></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align:
justify;"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-US"
style="line-height: 24px;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?
export=download&id=1oU_OSuPStucumwJMUmNvxrlWmu5hFoxY">Datasheet
Resistor </a></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:
height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 24px;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?
export=download&id=1K6u9WYKN9XcU7l1fAXsoZ3llLZHlvdtv">Datasheet sensor
UV</a></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:
export=download&id=1JMJnjMdG1LgF-vE2NVyKZabtnUGzg9aV">Datasheet sensor
Flame</a></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-
align: justify;"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><div
class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px;"><span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span
lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 24px;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?
export=download&id=1KK_fsoGCovZeNcFTeiA5d0Mu1kACCej7">Datasheet sensor
Touch </a></span></span></span></div><div><span><br /></span></div><div><span><div
export=download&id=1CdzehVtPQn-I5jhqIe90IfM5nRRP1dnj">Datasheet sensor
Vibration</a></span></span></span></div><div><span><br /></span></div><div><span><div
export=download&id=1j-B6tOwf6Bw4v-XsGc8tSPoDWkBfuIiL">Datasheet sensor
Mq2</a></span></span></span></div><div><span><br
/></span></div></span></div></span></div></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-
export=download&id=1lWt2It7Ii1OEFRKyp6TpPha7crKN4ugV">Datasheet
Op-Amp </a></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div><div
class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="background-color:
#eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 24px;"><a
href="https://drive.google.com/uc?
export=download&id=1rRfbOoR2JSQ2A7362EzAkJLCJKlNPY7o">Datasheet Transistor
NPN </a></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div
style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><a
href="https://drive.google.com/uc?
export=download&id=13IV9cS5yCinLsHNmdiEhkP3cD7_b8kuX">Datasheet
Relay</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align:
justify;"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family:
inherit;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 24px; text-align:
justify;"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><a
href="https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1KNdkP6ft72MaZ-
4UOodkIls15diQZCkr">Datasheet Motor </a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"
style="line-height: 24px; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
24px; text-align: justify;"><span><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;"><span
style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?
export=download&id=1h43dR7S4MWVnUBaQ6_7n6caTZSWsiWXU">Datasheet
Baterai </a></span></span></span></div><p><span style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-
family: inherit;"><span><span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span><span></span></
span><span><span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span><span></span></
span><span><span></span></span><span><span></span></span><span><span></span></span></
span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-style:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing:
normal; line-height: 24px; orphans: 2; text-align: justify; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-
style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space:
normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span
style="background-color: #eeeeee; font-family: inherit;">HTML </span><br
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