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Adaptive Modulations for OFDM-MIMO systems

Lei Guowei Xiao Xuefang


School of science, Jimei university, School of optoelectronics and
Xiamen, China 361021 communication engineering, Xiamen
School of electronic university of technology, Xiamen,
engineering,Beijing university of posts China 361024
and telecommunications, Beijing, 86-5926182260
China100876 xfxiao@xmut.edu.cn
86-5926181891
gwlei@qq.com
ABSTRACT is also studied [9-11]. The authors demonstrate that OFDM-CPM
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded in MIMO scenario offers considerable improvement relative to
as a popular technique. Moreover, OFDM combined with conventional OFDM-MIMO systems with linear modulations
multiple-input multiple-output systems (MIMO)has drawn many (PSK, QAM, etc.)[9]. To harness diversity gain, a space time
interests. However, OFDM-MIMO systems with various block coded (STBC) scheme is introduced in OFDM-CPM
modulations have not been investigated extensively to date. This systems [10]. A novel OFDM-MIMO system with multi-h CPM
letter is to draw a comparison among the linear and non-linear is proposed [11].
modulations. Especially, the random modulation index is As known to all, adaptive modulation exploits the variation in bit
introduced into the OFDM-MIMO system with CPM. error rate (BER) performance to mitigate the effects of
Meanwhilethe OFDM-MIMO system with antenna selection and narrowband multipath radio channels [11]. Upon determining the
adaptive modulation is proposed.The performances for the channel conditions, the transmitter estimates the signal level that
proposed systems are evaluated via simulation. should be received, and selects the most appropriate modulation
scheme. In this paper, antenna selection is employed in OFDM-
CCS Concepts MIMO systems according to channel conditions. Adaptive
•MIMO systems➝OFDM-MIMO systems➝OFDM-MIMO modulation is performed among selected transmit antennas.
systems with adaptive modulations. Meanwhile, multiple modulation index is considered in CPM
scheme to improve peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).
Keywords
Adaptive modulation; continuous phase modulation; OFDM- 2. System model and antenna selection
MIMO; antenna selection.
2.1 System model
1. INTRODUCTION The adaptive modulation for MIMO-OFDM systems is described
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is regarded in figure. 1. Serial data D is sent to a mapper that outputs a
as a popular technique for transmission of signals over frequency- complex number. The mapper could be PSK, QAM, or CPM. A
selective fading channel. In addition, OFDM offers good ability to stream with different complex numbers is obtained in terms of
handle multipath fading without complex equalization filters. In channel conditions over different antennas. Then inverse fast
literatures, OFDM systems that employ linear and memory-less Fourier transform (IFFT) is applied to the stream that results in
modulations such as PSK, QAM, etc, have been presented orthogonal signals on the sub-channels. OFDM signals are
extensively [1-2]. On the other hand, continuousphasemodulation transmitted over different antennas according to the channel
(CPM) is a promising technology for its features such as constant conditions fed back by receiver. At the receive side, the signals
envelope and phase continuity. Its constant envelope makes it are decomposed into several streams which include the pilot
more suitable for low cost non-linear power amplifier, and the signals. Finally, the information bits are obtained by demodulation
other advantage of OFDM-CPM is that adjacent OFDM symbols in terms of the singular values of thechannel matrix.
can be modulated by modulation index of CPM. Therefore,
OFDM-CPM has been proposed owing to the above advantages s1(t)
[3-7]. Detection of OFDM-CPM signals is studied in [5-6]. Peak- Modulation Antenna
Selection …
average power ratio (PAPR) is analyzed in OFDM-CPM systems OFDM
(PSK,QAM,CPM
[7].However, it is hard to made trade-off between the sNt(t)
improvement of the PAPR and bit error rate (BER) [8].
Further, the performance of OFDM-CPM with multiple antennas
r1(t)
H
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estimation …
Demodulation
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ICACS '18, July 27--29, 2018, Beijing, China.
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F calculation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3242840.3242877
Figure 1.Adaptive modulation for MIMO-OFDM systems

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We denote channel coefficients as HNr×Nt. And hnrnt denotes each Table 1 depicts the data rate (bits/symbol) of several modulations
entry of channel matrix HNr×Nt, where Nr is the number of receive such as BPSK, CPM, QPSK and 16QAM. Without loss of
antennas, Nt is the number of transmit antennas, w(t) denotes generality, more other modulations can also be added to this table
added white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with variance 2N0. With in terms of the data rate. At transmit side, the antenna nt selects
these assumptions, the received signals can be represented as modulation scheme according to Table 1.
Nt Table 1.Data rate (bits/symbol) of several modulations
rnr (t; D)   hnr nt s(t; D)  wnr (t ) nr=1,…,Nr (1) BPSK CPM QPSK 16QAM
nt 1

As is well known, OFDM with linear modulations has been (M=2, hp=1/4)
investigated extensively. What’s more, multiple modulation index
is considered in CPM scheme to improve PAPR. Without loss of R 1 1 2 4
generality, the CPM mapper/modulator is hereby defined as [3]

Cp ,k  cos(p ,k )  j sin(p ,k ) (2) F(nt) F(nt)≤α1 α1≤F(nt)≤α2 α2≤F(nt)≤α3 α3≤F(nt)

and In Table 1, α1、α2、α3 are obtained empirically by singular value


decomposition(SVD) of H, which depicts the characteristics of
p 1 channels. Taking Nt=4 as an example, we should use the largest
p ,k  Dp ,k hp   hp  Dq ,k   (3) three the singular values as α1、α2、α3.
q 0
Further, the antenna selection and adaptive modulation can be
Where hp is modulation index, Dp,k is M-ary CPM symbol, manipulated via Monte Carlo simulation. The whole process of
simulation is given as follows
p=1,2,…, and k=0,…,N-1. It is noted that p denotes the OFDM
block number and k denotes the subcarrier number. φ is the initial Transmitter:
phase.Further, the OFDM signals are given by (A)input one frame of information bits
s(t; D)   Ck ,p g (t  kT )e j (2 / T ) pt
, 0  t   (4) (B)antenna selection and adaptive modulation are made
k p
based on F that is fed back by receiver
if F(nt)≤α1,
Where BPSK scheme for transmit antenna nt
else if α1≤F(nt)≤α2,
 1
 0  t  LT CPM scheme for transmit antenna nt
g(t )   T (5) elseif α2≤F(nt)≤α3,
 0 QPSK scheme for transmit antenna nt
 elsewhere
else
In (4) and (5), T is symbol duration of CPM, L=1 is for full 16QAM scheme for transmit antenna nt
response signaling. More specifically, hp=m/p where m and p Receiver:
are positive integer numbers and integer values for hp are (C)decouple superposition OFDM-MIMO signals into Nr
forbidden [11]. Meanwhile, a correct definition of the streams.
modulation index requires that m and p are relative prime in (D)based on Frobenius norm of the channel matrix,
order to have a minimal trellis representation. It is ensured that
demodulate these streams to get information bits.
m is randomly chosen and less than p.It is denoted as follows:
{hpk }is the sequence of p modulation indices, k=N mod p if F(nt)≤α1,
demodulate the BPSK signals
else if α1≤F(nt)≤α2,
2.2 Antenna selection
demodulate the CPM signals
Channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be estimated elseif α2≤F(nt)≤α3,
bythereceiver. The receiver calculates the Frobenius norm of the
channel matrix and feeds back to thetransmitter as the selection demodulate the QPSK signals
criterion. The value of the Frobenius norm,i.e.F(nt), should lie in else
(0,∞). demodulate the 16QAM signals
(E)meanwhile obtain H via pilot symbols
Nr (F)calculate the Frobenius norm of channel matrix H.
h
2
F (nt )  H nt  nr nt nt=1,…,NT (6) Performance evaluation:
F
nr 1 (G)calculate data rate R
(H)calculate bit error rate
We sort F(nt) in descending order, then select first Nt antennas
(I) calculate power spectrum density (PSD)
with largest F(nt) from NT antennas in all.
(J)calculated PAPR.

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The PAPR of the transmitted signal in (4) can be defined as Figure. 3 shows the power spectrum density (PSD) of 256-
2
subcarrier OFDM-MIMO system for various modulations. The
max s(t ) main lobe of OFDM-MIMO with multi-hp CPM is flat than for
PAPR  (7).
OFDM-MIMO with BPSK and 16QAM, while the side lobe of
E  s(t ) 
2
  OFDM-MIMO with multi-hp CPM is lower than for OFDM-
MIMO with hp=1/4 CPM. It is inferred that, OFDM-MIMO with
3. SIMULATED RESULTS AND multi- hp CPM gives good bandwidth efficiency.
DISCUSSIONS
In this section, we provide simulated results to the proposed
system using MATLAB.For convenience, the proposed system
with Nt=4, Nr=4 is evaluated as an instance.Each spatial channel is
modelled to be independently Rayleigh fading.

Figure 4.Data rate of adaptive modulation without AS for


OFDM-MIMO systems

Data rate is usually defined as the number of bits transmitted


within one symbolduration. Taking into account the cost of
Figure 2.Complementary cumulative distribution function of devices, it is defined in this paper as the number of transmitted
256-subcarrier OFDM-MIMO system for various modulations bits per antenna within one symbol duration. Figure.4. depicts
data rate of adaptive modulation without antenna selection for
Figure2 shows the complementary cumulative distribution (CCD) OFDM-MIMO systems. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) is taken
function of 256-subcarrier OFDM-MIMO system for various to be 5 dB. As for OFDM-MIMO systems with α2=3, α3=5,
modulations. The simulation was run 1000 OFDM blocks and the variable α1, the data rates are accordingly as R={1.5786,
transmitted signal was oversampled by the factor of four which is 1.6357, 1.6393, 1.6107, 1.6393, 1.575}. It is shown that the data
sufficient to capture the peaks. It can be seen that the PAPR for rates fluctuate as α1 increases, since the data rates for CPM (M=2)
OFDM-MIMO with multi-hp CPM is marginally better than for are the same as BPSK. As for OFDM-MIMO systems withα1=1,
OFDM-MIMO with BPSK. Meanwhile, the PAPR for OFDM- α3=5, variable α2, the data rates are accordingly as R={1.7071,
MIMO with hp=1/4 CPM is close to the OFDM-MIMO with 1.7071, 1.6071, 1.5357, 1.6357,1.5857}.It is shown that the data
QPSK. On the other hand, the PAPR for OFDM-MIMO with rates decrease as α2 increases, since the probability of QPSK is to
16QAM is the worst among these modulations. get smaller as α2 increases. As for OFDM-MIMO systems
withα1=1, α2=3, variable α3, the data rates are accordingly as
R={1.7714, 1.6893, 1.7321, 1.6679, 1.6107,1.6}.It is due to the
fact that, the probability of 16QAM is to get smaller as α3
increases, since the statistical characters of channel condition
should be static during transmissions. Thereby, It is inferred from
table 1 that the data rate R decreases as α3 increases.

Figure 3.PSD of 256-subcarrier OFDM-MIMO system for


various modulations

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4. CONCLUSIONS
In this letter, we propose the OFDM-MIMO systems with antenna
selection and adaptive modulation. Then we investigate the
performances such as PAPR, PSD, data rate, and BER in the
systems. We observe the selection gain and the improvements on
data rate. It is concluded that, the proposed system entails abetter
tradeoff between BER and data rate than other conventional
schemes.

5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Our thanks to ACM SIGCHI for allowing us to modify templates
they had developed.

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