P The Pr Ss | : : | R id | Rhombus ‘roperties of s © table gives the de A square isa rectangle with {Wo adjacent sides equal, | Athombus is a | parallelogram with two | adjacent sides equal l Pecial quadrilaterals finiti "i F ons and properties of a few special quadrilaterals. Exoperties (alternative debnition) AS for a rectangle: * both pairs of opposite sides are parallel + diagonals bisect each other + diagonals bisect the area, Also: + Allangles are 90°, Diagonals are equal. (PR = QS) All the sides are equal. Diagonals bisect each other at right angles. Diagonals bisect the angles at 45°. ‘As for a parallelogram: + both pairs of opposite sides are parallel + both pairs of opposite angles are equal + diagonals bisect each other + diagonals bisect the area, Also: + Allsides are equal. + Diagonals bisect each other at right angles. + Diagonals bisect the angles. @ a Arectangle isa parallelogram with angles of 90°. ‘As fora parallelograt + both pairs of opposite sides are equal + both pairs of opposite sides are parallel + diagonals bisect each other + diagonals bisect the area. Also: + Allangles are 90°, + Diagonals are equal (PR = QS). Aparaltelogram isa quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel. + Both pairs of opposite sides are equal. + Both pairs of opposite angles are equal. + Diagonals bisect each other (PO= OR and QO = 0S). + Diagonals bisect the area. Parallelogram », 5 Dx 149 Powered by CamScanner| Genie Ca Quadrilateral A trapezium is a + Two pairs of angles are supplementary tine > = o e "quadrilateral with one pait A+ B= 180° and D + C= 180 of opposite sides parallel. | Co-interior angles, AD || BC. A kite is a quadrilateral with | * Diagonals intersect at right angles. two pairs of adjacent sides + One diagonal bisects the other. equal. + One diagonal bisects the angles. Powered by 9 CamScannerSufficient conditions When you are \ 5 : ae tare working with proofs in geometry, it is important to know what the enough infor sins ate for each shape. These are the conditions that Bive You tion to prove that a shape is a square, trapezium, etc. For example, a shape that has a pair of parallel sides is not necessarily a parallelogram. You wi Paralcle gram You would need to prove that the other two sides are also parallel, at the parallel sides are equal in length. The tab! Y give le below gives the sufficient conditions for the quadrilaterals. | Parallelogram | Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram if wé Rae parallelogram if we can + both pairs of opposite sides are parallel, or + both pairs of opposite sides are equal, or both pairs of opposite angles are equal, or + the diagonals bisect one another, or + one pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel. | Rectangle = | Quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangle if we ean prove that + itis a parallelogram with an interior angle of 90°, or + itis a quadrilateral with four right angles. Rhombus ry D Quadrilateral ABCD is a rhombus if we can e prove that: + itis a parallelogram with one pair of adjacent sides equal, or I «+ itis a quadrilateral with all four sides equal, or + the diagonals of the parallelogram bisect at 90°. [a ic ‘Square a = Quadrilateral ABCD is a square if we ean prove that: «itis a rectangle (a parallelogram with a right angle) and one pair of adjacent sides equal, or « itis a rhombus (a parallelogram with one pair of adjacent sides equal) and an interior angle of 90°, or «itis a quadrilateral with all four sides equal and four right angles. Powered by 9 CamScannerKite [se ABCD is a kite if we can prove Z| that: * two pairs of adjacent sides are equal, or L 7 | © one diagonal bisects the other diagonal, or B * one diagonal bisects the angles. | | | | = c - | | | Trapezium A z | | Quadrilateral ABCD is a trapezium if we can prove that: * one pair of opposite sides is parallel. | 8 c Powered by CamScanner