Community Health Nursing Concepts

Community Health Nursing Concepts
(Topics: Community Health Nursing (CHN), Philosophy and Principles of CHN,

Features of CHN, Various Fields of CHN, Theoretical Models / Approaches)
by
Leemuel Steve T. Rodriguez RN, MAN
At the end the session Paulinian Students Nurses are expected to:
1. Explain the rationales of the various concepts of Community Health nursing
2. Describe the philosophy and principles of community health nursing
3. Discuss the various fields of nursing available for community health nurse.
4. Explore the various models / approaches in community health nursing
5. Listen attentively during class discussions
6. Develop interest in studying Community Health Nursing.
7. Participate actively during class discussion and activities
CHN according to Jacobson:
• Learned Practice, Discipline
• Ultimate Goal: Contributing to the promotion of
client’s OLOF (Optimum Level of Functioning)
through teaching and delivery of care.
CHN according to WHO:

• Special field of nursing: combination of skills of
nursing and public health; promotion of health;
improvement of social and physical conditions;
rehabilitation of illness and disability
SOURCE IMAGE: Retrieved August 27, 2022 from https://cdn-
afpnj.nitrocdn.com/nuMjGKsuphmGTCyrXpPliRGXCAJlPGBL/assets/static/source/rev-1a21f00/wp-
content/uploads/2021/06/Community-Health-Nurse-Featured.png
Key words/concepts: Learning, Discipline, OLOF, Public health, Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, Community Health Nursing, Community Health, health Promotion, Disease Prevention
Family Education Staff (May 29, 2022). What does dignity mean? Retrieved September 6, 2022 from https://www.familyeducation.com/instilling-values/what-does-dignity-mean
Nies, M.A.; McEwen (2019). Community and Public Health Nursing 2nd Philippine Editiion. Elxevier Inc. page 18
Farmoca, Z., Nies M.A, MecEwen M. (2013). Nursing Care of the Community. Elsevier Singapore Pte Limited. Chapter 1-Fundamental Concepts of Community Health Nursing, Pages 5-27
Philosophical and Ethical Underpinnings
A philosophy is defined as “a system of

beliefs that provides a basis for and
guides action.” A philosophy provides
the direction and describes the whats,
the whys and the hows of activities
within the profession
SOURCE IMAGE: Retrieved August 27, 2022 from

https://www.greenchildmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Think-It-Through-
Helping-Your-Child-Develop-Critical-Thinking-Skills.jpg
Reference
Famorca, Z.U. & Nies, M. A (2013). Nursing Care of the Community, A Comprehensive Text on the community and public health nursing in the Philippines. Elsevier
(Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Chapter 1-Fundamentals Concepts of Community Health Nursing, Page 5-27; Chapter 2-G Theoretical Foundations of Commmunity Health
Nursing Practice, Page 34-44
Philosophy: According to
Margaret Shetland, the
philosophy of CHN is based on
the worth and dignity of a man
SOURCE IMAGE: August 27, 2022

https://images.ctfassets.net/9wtva4vhlgxb/3IOWyH3zQB8O4xm8mwsqUE/08d9cf3d29f29
af2e0e4b3fe36c9c39c/shutterstock_725759893-_1__720x432.jpg
Reference
Family Education Staff (May 29, 2022). What does dignity mean? Retrieved September 6, 2022 from https://www.familyeducation.com/instilling-values/what-does-
dignity-mean
Responsibility for Health Rests on People Promoting the common good - social
and not on agencies and Professionals justice and not merely fair to all
Reference / Further Readings:

Principles of Community Health Nursing by

Mary S. Gardner and Cobb/Jones Leahy
1. Community Health Nursing is based on the
recognized needs on recognized needs of
communities, families, groups and
individuals.
2. The Community Health Nurse must fully
understand the objectives and policies of the
agencies she represents.
3. In Community Health Nursing, the family is
h SOURCE IMAGE: Retrieved August 27, 2022 from
ttps://www.yusrablog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Filipino-Family-
the unit of service.
Traditions.jpg
Famorca, Z.U. & Nies, M. A (2013). Nursing Care of the Community, A Comprehensive Text on the community and public
health nursing in the Philippines. Elsevier (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Pages128
Principles of Community Health Nursing

4. Community Health Nurse must be
available to all.
5. Health teaching is the PRIMARY
responsibility of the Community Health
Nurse
6. The Community Health Nurse works as a
member of the health team
7. There must be provision for periodic
SOURCE IMAGE: Rettrieved August 30, 2022 from
evaluation of Community Health Nurse
https://www.umc.edu/news/News_Articles/2015/October/images/Nursing-
Students-Handwashing-French-Elema-29.jpg
services
Principles of Community Health Nursing
8. The Community Health Nurse makes use of
available community health resources
9. The Community Health Nurse utilizes the already
existing active organization in the community
10. The Community Health Nurse utilizes the already
existing active organization in the community.
11. There should be accurate recording and
reporting in Community Health (To Watch. View
and further understand the Principles of CHN
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2quVLcJVBk
https://www.thebalancecareers.com/thmb/T8X0Ez_KCtpb9jJWYf-
F1_Npqi8=/2121x1414/filters:fill(auto,1)/GettyImages-1015130176-320bfab9978a4f78a4a32a51b3a27cdd.jpg
Features of Community Health Nursing
Niew, M.A.; McEwen (2019). Community and Public Health Nursing 2nd Philippine Editiion. Elxevier Inc. page16-17
Community Health Nursing Process
Community Health Nursing Process

is a systematic, scientific, dynamic,
on-going interpersonal process in
which the nurses and the clients are
viewed as a system with each
affecting one and another and both
being affected by the factors within
the behavior.
SOURCE IMAGE: Cuevas, F.P. (2007). Public Health Nursing in the Philippies 10th ediction.
Pubulications Committee, National League of Philippine Governemtn Nurses, Incorporated
Reference / Further Reading:

Cuevas, F.P. (2007). Public Health Nursing in the Philippies 10th ediction. Pubulications Committee, National League of Philippine Governemtn Nurses, Incorporated
Mona, M. (Jan 5, 2020) Community Health Nursing process: Characteristics and Importance. Retrieved September 6, 2020 from http://nursingexercise.com/community-health-nursing-process-characteristics/
Different Fields of CHN (To Watch. View and

further understand the Various Fields of CHN
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdTvSHAcQ1s)
Community Health Nursing is considered

broader and more general specialty area that
encompasses subspecialties which includes:
Public Health Nursing seen as a subspecialty

nurse practice delivered with “official” or
https://www.mountsinai.on.ca/nursing/images/nurse-teaching.jpg/image
government agencies.
Famorca, Z.U. & Nies, M. A (2013). Nursing Care of the Community, A Comprehensive Text on the community and public health nursing in the
Philippines. Elsevier (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Chapter 1-Fundamentals Concepts of Community Health Nursing, Page 5-27;
School Health Nursing aims to

promote the health of school
personnel and pupil/students also
aims to prevent health problems
that could hinder students
learning and performance.
SOURCE IMAGE: Retrieved August 30, 2022 from https://149781606.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-

content/uploads/2021/09/school-nurse-checking-temperature-of-girl-student-750x350-1.jpg
Occupational Health Nursing as a

specialty practice that focuses on
promotion, prevention and restoration of
health within the context of a safe and
healthy environment. It includes the
prevention of adverse health effects from
environmental hazards. It provides for and
delivers occupational health and safety
programs and services to clients.
https://as2.ftcdn.net/v2/jpg/02/74/21/75/1000_F_274217558_ZCxDcs2EOwdGZUTMtY
WHOWt44Z5HtOkJ.jpg
Community Mental Health Nursing

Unique clinical process that includes
concepts of nursing, mental health,
social psychology and community
networks including social sciences.
Focus is on the Mental Health
Promotion.
SOURCE IMAGE: Retrieved from https://www.eaglegatecollege.edu/wp-

content/uploads/2020/02/iStock-1129898552-1030x688.jpg
Theoretical Models / Approaches
Health Belief Model (HBM) Developed in the 1958 by group of U.S. Public Health Service social psychologists. Believed
that individual must know what to do and how to do it before they can take action. Major limitation of HBM is that it
places burden of action exclusively on the client (To Watch: View and understand the Healht Belief Model in the link
provided: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0-wVqTG2noa)
Source IMAGE: Retrieved August 30, From https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W931-C.pdf
Philippines. Elsevier (Singapore) Pte. Chapter 2-G Theoretical Foundations of Commmunity Health Nursing Practice, Page 34-44
Milio’s Framework for Prevention Nancy Milio (1976) provides complement to the Health Belief Model. Six propositions of
this framework are related to the following:
Nole Pender’s Health Promotion (HPM) Developed

in 1980’s and revised in 1996. Explores many
biophysical factors that influence individuals to
pursue health promotion activities but does not
includes threat as a motivator.
Pender's model focuses on three categories:

individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-
specific cognitions and affect, and behavioral
outcomes (To Watch. View and understand the Pender’s
Theory in the link provided: For Pender’s Theory :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PahdzR9YfVg)
SOURCE IMAGE: Retreived August 30, 2022 from https://i0.wp.com/pmhealthnp.com/wp-

content/uploads/2019/11/nolapenderhealthpromotionmodel.jpg?resize=640%2C545&ssl=1
PRECEDE – PROCEED Model Developed by Dr.

Lawrence Green and colleagues. PRECEDE which
stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling
Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and
Evaluation, is used for community diagnosis (To
Watch: View and understand the PRECEDE –
PROCEED Model in other resources. Proceed in
the following links:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmD4Ju0TGS0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlVnGcRNY_s.)
SOURCE IMAGE: Retrieved August 30, 2022 from https://sites.bu.edu/ciis/files/2016/06/PRECEDEPROCEED-

Model-Cheat-Sheet_CGA.pdf

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Community Health Nursing Concepts

(Topics: Community Health Nursing (CHN), Philosophy and Principles of CHN,

CHN according to WHO:

A philosophy is defined as “a system of

SOURCE IMAGE: Retrieved August 27, 2022 from

SOURCE IMAGE: August 27, 2022

Reference / Further Readings:

Principles of Community Health Nursing by

Principles of Community Health Nursing

Community Health Nursing Process

Reference / Further Reading:

Different Fields of CHN (To Watch. View and

Community Health Nursing is considered

Public Health Nursing seen as a subspecialty

School Health Nursing aims to

SOURCE IMAGE: Retrieved August 30, 2022 from https://149781606.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-

Occupational Health Nursing as a

Community Mental Health Nursing

SOURCE IMAGE: Retrieved from https://www.eaglegatecollege.edu/wp-

Source IMAGE: Retrieved August 30, From https://extension.tennessee.edu/publications/Documents/W931-C.pdf

Nole Pender’s Health Promotion (HPM) Developed

Pender's model focuses on three categories:

SOURCE IMAGE: Retreived August 30, 2022 from https://i0.wp.com/pmhealthnp.com/wp-

PRECEDE – PROCEED Model Developed by Dr.

SOURCE IMAGE: Retrieved August 30, 2022 from https://sites.bu.edu/ciis/files/2016/06/PRECEDEPROCEED-

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