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LAW is a system of rules backed by a sanction for its breach, ultimately enforceable by courts.
Other possible definitions of law:
• the body of principles recognised and applied by the state in the
administration of justice
• a command issued from a Sovereign power to an inferior and enforced by
coercion
• formal mechanism of social control

1 LEGAL REGULATION - lays down basic rules (rights, obligations, crime, punishment, etc.)
2 PROCEDURAL FUNCTION - courts and procedures for the resolution of disputes
3 FACILITATION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ARRANGEMENTS - marriage, employment,
purchase and sale, business organisations, contracts, inheritance, etc.
4 PROTECTION OF PROPERTY AND PROPERTY RIGHTS - ownership, lease, etc.
5 PROTECTION AGAINST VIOLATIONS OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS - right to life, right to
an education, right to work, right to communication, freedom of movement, freedom of
expression, etc.
- usually found in international documents and constitutions
Translate the following terms into Croatian:
1 legal regulation – pravno, zakonsko uređenje
2 resolution of – rješavanje sporova
3 purchase and sale - kupoprodaja
4 protection of property – zaštita imovine, prava na imovinu
5 violation of fundamental rights – kršenje temeljnih prava

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• LAW is a vast field of study and regulation and it regulates various areas of
human life
• law is a system and it can be divided and subdivided into branches

• classification of law:

1 PUBLIC LAW - law which directly concerns the state

2 PRIVATE LAW - law that regulates relationships and disputes between persons and
facilitates various social arrangements
3 INTERNATIONAL LAW - international treaties, conventions, etc.; regulates relations
between states and international organisations
4 NATIONAL LAW - laws of a country
5 SUPRANATIONAL LAW - legislation and court decisions of the EU
6 PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW a.k.a. conflict of laws
• rules of national law governing the resolution of private disputes containing a
foreign element
• e.g., a dispute citizens of different countries, inheritance by foreign nationals,
ownership of land by foreign nationals, breach of contract in another country, etc.
7 SUBSTANTIVE LAW - lays down rights and duties in various areas (e.g. marital rights
and duties, punishment for crimes)
8 PROCEDURAL LAW - lays down the rules of court procedures and other types of law
enforcement (rules of evidence, rules of police detention, etc.), regulates the way law is
enforced
9 CRIMINAL LAW - involves the prosecution of and punishment for crimes by the state
10 CIVIL LAW - non-criminal law, deals with disputes between individuals and regulates
other areas of life not involving the state

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CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
• organisation of government
• main functions of government institutions
• three branches of power: legislative, executive, judicial
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
• powers and duties of public authorities
CRIMINAL LAW

CONTRACT LAW LAW OF SUCCESSION

• regulates contractual relations • regulates inheritance of property
• exchange of promises COMPANY LAW
LAW OF TORTS
• regulations various types of business
• deals with civil wrongs • sole proprietors, companies
• offences against the person and • rights and duties of shareholders and
property, less serious than crimes company management
• trespass, nuisance, negligence, EMPLOYMENT LAW
defamation
• contract of employment
PROPERTY LAW
• rights and duties of employees and
• rights or claims over property employers
• ownership and lease of land • end of employment: dismissal and
resignation
FAMILY LAW
• redundancy, unfair dismissal
• marriage, annulment, divorce
MARINE/MARITIME LAW,
• validity of marriage COPYRIGHT LAW,
• parental duties and obligations HUMAN RIGHTS LAW,
• rights of the child ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

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Translate into Croatian:

1 constitutional law – ustavno pravo
2 administrative law – upravno pravo
3 criminal law – kazneno pravo
4 family law – obiteljsko pravo
5 company law – pravo društava
6 employment law – radno pravo
7 civil law – građansko pravo
8 contract law – ugovori (dio obveznog prava)
9 law of torts – naknada štete (dio obveznog prava), građanski delikti
10 property law – stvarno pravo, imovinsko pravo
11 law of succession – ostavinsko pravo
12 copyright law – pravo intelektualnog vlasništva
13 human rights law – pravo ljudskih prava
14 environmental law – pravo zaštite okoliša

CRIMINAL LAW
1 criminal offence – kazneno djelo
2 prosecution by the state – kazneni progon od strane države
3 the accused pleads guilty/not guilty – okrivljenik se izjašnjava krivim/poriče krivnju
4 reaching a verdict (decision on guilt) – odlučivanje o krivnji
5 conviction or acquittal – osuđujuća ili oslobađajuća presuda
6 passing a sentence (punishment) – izricanje kazne
7 fine or imprisonment – novčana ili zatvorska kazna

CIVIL LAW (mostly concerns contract and tort law)

1 private dispute – privatni spor
2 protection of private rights and interests – zaštita privatnih prava i interesa
3 individuals take legal action/sue the defendant–pojedinac pokreće postupak/tuži tuženika
4 proving liability – dokazivanje odgovornosti
5 judgment in favour of the claimant or defendant – presuda u korist tužitelja ili tuženika
6 an order/award of damages – odluka o naknadi štete

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legislative power executive power judicial power

the power to the power to the power to
make law control the state enforce the law in
budget and the event of a
enforce the law dispute or
prosecution

Separation of Powers
• the idea of the concept – separation of powers between
different persons:
- legislative power – legislative branch of government
- executive power – executive branch of government
- judicial power – judicial branch of government

• system of checks and balances

• ways in which the three branches control one another

and limit each other’s power

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the legislative branch

• legislative authority: a LEGISLATURE (zakonodavno tijelo)
• usually called a parliament or assembly
• HR: Sabor, UK: Parliament, USA: Congress
• represents the people (embodiment of democracy)
• consists of elected representatives
• unicameral or bicameral
• the upper chamber may not be elected but appointed or elected
by the lower

typical powers:
• debating legislative proposals and enacting law
• approving the state budget
• ratifying treaties (ratificiranje međunarodnih ugovora)
• confirming the government
• controlling/scrutinizing the work of the executive
• debating current issues
• legislative proposals may be drawn up by the government or
parliamentary representatives

1 legislature – zakonodavno tijelo

2 parliament – parlament (npr. u Hr: Sabor)
3 legislative chamber – dom zakonodavnog tijela
4 unicameral/bicameral – jednodomni/dvodomni
5 elected – izabran (od glasača)
6 state budget – državni proračun
7 draw up - sastaviti
8 legislative proposal – prijedlog zakona
9 enact law – usvojiti, donijeti zakon

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the executive branch

• central body – the GOVERNMENT
• in English-speaking countries: the
CABINET
• presided over by a PRIME MINISTER
• other executive bodies: the ministries,
administrations (uprave), government
offices, agencies, the police, the tax
administration, etc.
• in some countries also: PRESIDENT
• in presidential systems, the president
has considerable powers (France,
USA)
• in semi-presidential, his powers are
limited (Croatia)
• the government/cabinet consists of
ministers
• sometimes also known as ‘secretaries’
• each is responsible for a government
department (ministry)
typical powers:
- designing policies in all areas of the
life of a state (educational, social,
employment, agricultural, industrial
policy, etc.)
- allocation of state budget funds
- state budget proposed to the
legislature for confirmation
- once confirmed, it is implemented
(money is spent as planned)
- policies require a legislative basis –
drawing up legislative proposals to be
voted and enacted by the legislature

constituting a government:
• the party who wins the election chooses a person to be the prime
minister
• usually the president of the winning party, but it may be anybody
• the choice may be subject to the approval by the legislature and/or
the president
• the prime minister selects members of his government/cabinet
• this may also be subject to the approval by the legislature

1 design policies – oblikovati/ kreirati politike

2 implement a development strategy – provoditi strategiju razvoja
3 allocate state budget funds – dodijeliti proračunska sredstva
4 government/cabinet – vlada
5 government department – ministarstvo
6 approval of the legislature – odobrenje zakonodavnog tijela

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the judicial branch

• the court system
• a hierarchy of courts with a supreme court on the top
• first-instance courts: trial courts -they hear cases
• second-instance courts: appeal courts
• multiple levels possible
- specialized courts also very common (e.g. commercial courts,
misdemeanour courts, criminal courts, civil courts, family
courts)
• the supreme court: last instance for appeals
powers: - forums for resolution of disputes and prosecution of
crimes
- enforcement of law/adjudication in all types of cases
• crucial requirement: impartiality
• judges prohibited from engaging in political activity
• however, judicial appointments may be subject to political
involvement: the choice of the legislature or the executive in
some countries

1 enforce the law – provoditi zakon

2 adjudication – sudsko odlučivanje
3 impartiality - nepristranost
4 first-instance court – prvostupanjski sud
5 court of appeal – žalbeni sud
6 supreme court – vrhovni sud
7 judicial appointment – sudačko imenovanje, imenovanje sudaca
8. SUBSTANTIVE LAW- MATERIJALNO PRAVO

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• the powers are not always very clearly separated and some
powers are shared between different branches.
• the branches also control and check one another.
• legislative power (the power to make binding rules) – sometimes
conferred on the executive branch
1 government can make implementing regulations
2 ministers, local authorities, and other executive bodies may
sometimes issue regulations
• the legislature can vote to remove members of government or
the entire government (cast a vote of no confidence)
• in some countries, some courts can abolish provisions of laws,
entire laws and/or invalidate decisions if they find them to be
unconstitutional

1 make an implementing regulation – donijeti provedbeni propis

2 cast a vote of no confidence – izglasati nepovjerenje
3 abolish a provision of law – ukinuti zakonsku odredbu
4 invalidate a decision – poništiti odluku

words easily confused:

1 enact a law – donijeti zakon
2 enforce the law – provoditi zakon
3 implement a strategy, a policy – provoditi strategiju, politiku
4 legislative, adj. – zakonodavni
5 legislature, n. – zakonodavno tijelo
6 legislation, n. – zakonodavstvo (zakoni)

1 propose the state budget - predložiti proračun (vlada)

2 adopt the state budget - usvojiti proračun (parlament)
3 implement the state budget - provoditi proračun (vlada)

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The term used to refer to:

• the study of social services and the welfare state
• government policies for welfare and social protection
• the activities and principles of a society that guide the way it
intervenes in and regulates relationships between individuals, groups,
communities and social institutions.
• these principles and activities are the result of the society’s values
and customs that largely determine the distribution of resources and
level of well-being of its people.
social policy includes plans and programs in education, health care,
crime and corrections, economic security and social welfare (made
by governments, voluntary organisations, and the people in general)

Social policy in the narrow sense:
• social services and the welfare state
- benefits in kind or monetary
benefits (family benefit,
unemployment benefit)
Social policy in the broader sense:
- the means by which welfare is
promoted
- it explores the social, political,
ideological and institutional context
within which welfare is produced,
distributed and consumed
→e.g., public policies, market operation,
personal consumption and interpersonal
relationships which contribute to or
detract from welfare of individuals or
groups

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Social policy concerns issues dealt with in:
• sociology, social work, psychology, economics, political science,
management, history, philosophy and law
In practice, social policy involves:
• monetary transfers from
insurance funds and state
budgets to recepients of
contributional or
noncontributional benefits
• provision of protective rights for
at-risk groups
• provision of professional support
in a way that facilitates
empowerment on a personal and
group basis
The main actors are:
• the legislative branch of
government, who creates rules
and provides the legal basis for
social policy services and
provides protective rights in
constitutions, laws and other
regulations
-in addition, the legislative and
executive branches of
government work together to
make financial provision for
social policy services mainly
through taxation
• the social work profession, who
implements social services in co-
operation with other
professionals
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• a concept of government in which the state or a well-established

network of social institutions plays a key role in the protection and
promotion of the economic and social well-being of citizens
• based on the principles of:
- equality of opportunity,
- equitable distribution of wealth, and
- public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal
provisions for a good life

This is achieved by social insurance financed by compulsory contributions

• Other characteristics of the welfare state:
- public provision of
o basic education,
o health services, and
o housing
- state-subsidized tertiary education
- progressive personal taxation

Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention 1952 by ILO

• International Labour Organisation (a UN body) defined traditional
situations to which the society should respond

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Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention 1952 by ILO

1 Survival beyond a prescribed age, to be covered by old age pensions.
CONTRIBUTIONAL, NON MEANS TESTED

2 The loss of support suffered by a widow or child as the result of the death of the
breadwinner (survivor’s benefit); NONCONTRIBUTIONAL, MEANS TESTED

3 Responsibility for the maintenance of children (family benefit

NONCONTRIBUTIONAL, MEANS TESTED

4 The treatment of any morbid condition (including pregnancy), whatever its

cause (medical care);

5 A suspension of earnings due to pregnancy and confinement and their

consequences (maternity benefit);

6 A suspension of earnings due to an inability to obtain suitable employment

for protected persons who are capable of, and available for, work
(unemployment benefits);

7 A suspension of earnings due to an incapacity for work resulting from a

morbid condition (sickness leave benefit);

8 A permanent or persistent inability to engage in any gainful activity

(disability benefits);

9 The costs and losses involved in medical care, sickness leave, invalidity and
death of the breadwinner due to an occupational accident or disease
(employment injuries)

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1 contributional (or contributory)

2 non-contributional (or non-contributory)
• criterion: whether or not contributions need to be paid beforehand in the
appropriate funds

1 means-tested – “ovisi o ekonomskoj situaciji korisnika” ili “podliježe

imovinskom cenzusu”
2 non-means-tested
• criterion: whether or not they depend on the beneficiary’s economic
status

•
• the main problems of administering a welfare state:
- determining the desirable level of state-provided services;
- balancing the meeting of the needs of individuals and families who use
social services with the provision of sufficient incentives for productive
work;
- equitable provision of resources to finance the service over and above
the contributions of direct beneficiaries

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apart from the public sector or state welfare, welfare is also produced in the
private and voluntary sectors
• public sector (state welfare)
- universal standards
- social control (protection of
certain groups, compulsory
education, punishment for criminals,
etc.)
- cost-effectiveness
- residual provision (acts as a safety
net for those not provided for in
other ways)
• private sector welfare
advantages:
- more choice for users
- better responsiveness to need
- possibly higher quality of
protection
disadvantages:
- market-driven
- exclude people with extreme needs
- not available free of charge

DZ
1. antipoverty programs may be regarded as aspects of the welfare state
- programi za suzbijanje siromaštva mogu se smatrati aspektima države blagostanja
2. equitable distribution of welth
- ravnomjerna raspodjela bogatstva
3. compulsory contributions are used to finance social insurance
- obvezni doprinosi koriste se za financiranje socijalnog osiguranja
4. comprehensive health care
- sveobuhvatna pokrivenost zdravstvenim osiguranjem
5. desirable level of provision of services by the state
- poželjna razina pružanja državnih usluga
6. personal benefits
- osobne koristi, osobna davanja

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revison
identify the branches of law
1. The part of law concerned with the punishment of offences defined as crimes by
the law (CRIMINAL LAW)
2. The branch of law concerned with family matters (FAMILY LAW)
3. The law of state regulating its domestic affairs (NATIONAL LAW)
4. The part of law concerned with the constitution or government of the state, or the
relationship between the state and citizens (CONSTITUTIONAL LAW)
5. The part of law concerned with inheritance of property (LAW OF SUCCESSION)
6. The branch of law primarily concerned with the rights and duties of individuals
towards each other (CIVIL LAW)
7. The part of law consisting of rules which determine how a case is administered by
the courts (PROCEDURAL LAW)
8. The body of law which deals with the powers of the executive or administrative
organs of the state (ADMINISTRATIVE LAW)
9. A body of rules that control or affect the rights of states in their relations with
each other and of individuals in relation to foreign states (INTERNATIONAL LAW)
10. The law that determines the rights and duties, used by the courts in making
decisions (SUBSTANTIVE LAW)

which branch of law?

INTERNATIONAL / NATIONAL, PUBLIC / PRIVATE, CRIMINAL / CIVIL
1. divorce – 5. human rights –
national, private, civil international, public, civil
2. hijacking – 6. discrimination at work –
international, public, criminal national, private, civil
3. environment protection – 7. extradition of criminals –
international, public, civil international, public, criminal
4. liability for damage in the High Seas – 8. taxation –
international, private, civil national, public, civil

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civil (CV) or criminal (CR) law?

• acquit criminal law
• claim civil law
• convict criminal law
• damages civil law
• defendant criminal law / civil law
• judgment criminal law / civil law
• offence criminal law
• offender criminal law
• plead guilty criminal law
• prosecute criminal law
• punish criminal law
• sentence criminal law
• sue civil law
• take (legal) action criminal law/ civil law
• trial criminal law / civil law
• verdict criminal law

translate into Croatian

The legislative branch is elected by and represents the people. After the elections, the
legislature is formed, and the winning party chooses the prime minister. He or she then
selects the members of the government. Each member is responsible for a government
department. The executive proposes laws and the legislature enacts them. It also
confirms the state budget proposed by the government. The courts enforce the law in
the event of disputes or criminal prosecution.

Zakonodavna grana vlasti izabrana je od naroda i predstavlja narod. Nakon izbora, formira
se zakonodavno tijelo, a pobjednička stranka bira premijera. On ili ona zatim bira članove
vlade. Svaki je član odgovoran za jedno ministarstvo. Izvršna vlast predlaže zakone, a
zakonodavno tijelo iz donosi. Ono također potvrđuje državni proračun koji predlaže vlada.
Sudovi provode zakone u slučaju spora ili kaznenog progona.

1 comply with a law uskladiti se sa zakonom 7 government department ministarstvo

2 binding provision obvezujuća odredba
3 breach a law prekršiti zakon
4 enter into contract sklopiti ugovor
5. find guilty proglasiti krivim
6 fundamental rights temeljna prava
8 legislative proposal zakonodavni prijedlog
9 pass a sentence izreći kaznu
10 prosecute an offender kazneno goniti
počinitelja
11 reach a verdict donijeti odluku o krivnji

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VERB NOUN (PERSON) NOUN (CONCEPT) ADJECTIVE

acquit / acquittal acquitted
claim claimant claim /
defend defendant defense /
employee, employed,
employ employment
employer employable
enforced,
enforce / enforcement
enforceable
interpret interpreter interpretation interpreted
judge judge / /
offend offender offence offensive
try trier trial tried

branches of Law PDF, Exercise VII (p. 5(22), Match the terms with their definitions

TERM DEFINITION
To set a person free because he or she has
Acquit (osloboditi)
been found not guilty
A person who makes a claim against someone
Claimant (tužitelj)
in civil courts
The legal right of a parent to keep and bring
Custody (skrbništvo)
up a child after a divorce
Injury to someone’s reputation by publication
defamation (kleveta)
of an untrue statement about them

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Someone who is sued in a civil case or

Defendant (tuženik)
accused in a criminal case

Enforce (provesti) To make sure something is done or is obeyed

The fact of being legally responsible for paying

Liability (odgovornost)
for damage or loss incurred
Negligence (nemar) Failure to give proper care to something
Something which causes harm or
nuisance
inconvenience to a person or property
A situation where someone is no longer
redundancy
employed because the job is no longer needed
A formal written agreement between two or
Treaty (međunarodni ugovor)
more countries
Interfering with the land or goods of another
Trespass (smetanje posjeda)
person

branches of Law PDF, p. 4 (21), exercise VI, study the text under the subtitle Civil law v
criminal law on p. 3(20) and complete the chart. List terms which are exclusively civil law,
criminal law or can be found in both.

CIVIL: claim, claimant, sue, order/award of damages.

CRIMINAL: criminal offence, theft, prosecute, offender, punish, prosecutor, accused,
plead guilty, jury, indictable offences, pass the verdict, pass a sentence, fine,
imprisonment, acquit.
BOTH: wrongdoer, settle, defendant, case, judge, enter judgment, trial, take action
CIVIL ALSO: liability, find for the claimant/defendant
CRIMINAL ALSO: convict

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exercise VI, p. 43, rewrite the following
sentences replacing the underlined
expressions with expressions from the text
1 The law-making body makes laws that all
citizens must act in accordance with.
1 The legislative body enacts laws that all
citizens must adhere to.
2 The Croatian Parliament is a one-
chamber legislature.
2 The Croatian Parliament is a unicameral
legislature.
3 Parliaments examine closely and
critically the work of the executive.
3 Parliaments design and implement the
work of the executive.
4 Presidents or other representatives can
sign international agreements, but they are
normally confirmed by the legislative body.
4 Presidents or other representatives can
sign international treaties, but they are
normally confirmed by the legislature.
5 The government in the narrow
sense consists of heads of government
departments.
5 The cabinet/government consists of a
number of ministers.
6 State budget funds are distributed to
development projects that are planned to
be put into practice.
6 State budget funds are allocated to
development projects that are planned to
be implemented.
7 Judicial independence in making
decisions in disputes is of the highest
importance.
7 Judicial independence in enforcing the
law is paramount.
8 Some courts can abolish laws or parts
thereof.
8 Some courts can abrogate laws or parts
thereof.
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exercise III, p. 42, decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).,
if false, provide the correct information
1 The legislative branch enforces the law. F – The legislative branch enacts the law.
2 Parliaments create strategies and development projects. F – Government creates
strategies and development projects.
3 The government proposes laws to parliament, which has the final word in their
enactment. - T
4 Citizens cast their vote in elections and choose the prime minister. F - Citizens elect
members of parliament.
5 Judicial appointments are sometimes confirmed by parliaments. - T
6 Parliaments typically confirm international treaties so that they can become the law
of the state. - T
7 The executive has no law-making power whatsoever. F - they can make emergency
laws and implementing regulations.
8 The cabinet can abolish laws made by parliament. F - the executive cannot abolish
legislative acts.

exercise IV, p. 42, match the verbs in the left column with the nouns in the right
column., multiple matches may be possible for each verb
1 apply- the law
2 confirm- a judicial appointment, a treaty, the members of the government, the state
budget
3 design- a policy, a strategy
4 enact- a law
5 enforce- the law, a decision, an order, a treaty
6 implement- the law, a decision, a policy, a strategy, the state budget
7 invalidate- a decision, an order
8 propose- a law, the members of the government, the state budget
9 put forward- a legislative proposal
10 ratify- a treaty

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coursebook (English for the Social Work Profession), p. 37, exercise III, complete the
phrases with an appropriate adjective from the text and translate them into Croatian

PROCEDURE INITIATING PARTY RESPONDENT

CRIMINAL prosecutor (state attorney) defendant (alleged offender)

claimant (natural person, defendant (natural person,
CIVIL
injured party) alleged injured party)
FAMILY petitioner (family member) respondent (family member)

COMMERCIAL claimant (legal person) defendant (legal person)

claimant (natural or legal
ADMINISTRATIVE defendant (state authority)
person)

Coursebook (English for the Social Work Profession, p. 38)

TRANSLATION PRACTICE
Welfare state is a concept of government in which the state or a well-established
network of social institutions plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the
economic and social well-being of citizens.
Socijalna država je koncept vlasti u kojemu država ili dobro ustanovljena mreža socijalnih
institucija igraju ključnu ulogu u zaštiti i promicanju ekonomskog i socijalnog blagostanja
građana.
A fundamental feature of the welfare state is social insurance which is usually financed by
compulsory contributions and is intended to provide benefits to persons and families during
periods of greatest need.
Temeljni sastojak/obilježje socijalne države je socijalno osiguranje, koje se obično financira iz
obveznih doprinosa te mu je cilj osigurati pomoć pojedincima i obiteljima u razdobljima najveće
potrebe.

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coursebook (English for the Social Work Profession), p. 37, exercise III, complete
the phrases with an appropriate adjective from the text and translate them into
Croatian.
1 ANTIPOVERTY programs may be regarded as aspects of the welfare state
= programi za suzbijanje siromaštva mogu se smatrati aspektima socijalne države
2 EQUITABLE distribution of wealth
= ravnomjerna raspodjela bogatstva
3 COMPULSORY contributions are used to finance social insurance
= obvezni doprinosi koriste se za financiranje socijalnog osiguranja
4 COMPREHENSIVE health coverage
= sveobuhvatna pokrivenosat zdravstvenim osiguranjem
5 DESIRABLE level of provision of services by the state
= poželjna razina pružanja državnih usluga
6 PERSONAL benefits = osobne koristi, osobna davanja

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Q: 1. adhere – proposal – enforce – allocate – sanction – breach – ratify – damage – legislature – regulation 1
1 The government decides on the _______________ of budget funds.
2 Parliaments debate ___________, enact laws and _________ treaties so that they may
become part of the national legal order.
3 Courts ________ disputes and _________ the law.
4 Members of the _________ usually confirm the composition of the government.
5 All citizens must _________ to the law to avoid ____________.
6 In case of a __________ of contract, the court may order the payment of __________

prijevod:
1. Vlada odlučuje o raspodjeli proračunskih sredstava.
2. Parlamenti raspravljaju o zakonodavnim prijedlozima, donose zakone i ratificiraju
međunarodne ugovore kako bi oni mogli postati dio nacionalnog pravnog poretka.
3. Sudovi rješavaju sporove i provode zakone.
4. Zastupnici u zakonodavnom tijelu obično potvrđuju sastav vlade.
5. Svi se građani moraju pridržavati zakona kako bi izbjegli kazne.
6. U slučaju povrede ugovorne obveze, sud može narediti plaćanje naknade štete.

1
odgovori (ovim redom): allocation, proposals, ratify, resolve, enforce, legislature, adhere, sanctions, breach, damages

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2. Translate the sentences

1 The legislative branch of government provides the legal basis for social policy services
and provides protective rights in constitutions, laws and other regulations.
Zakonodavna grana vlasti osigurava zakonsku osnovu za usluge socijalne politike te
propisuje zaštitna prava u ustavima, zakonima i drugim propisima.

2 Social policy in the narrow sense includes the provision of contributional and non-
contributional benefits, such as health care and child benefits.
Socijalna politika u užem smislu uključuje osiguravanje doprinosnih i nedoprinosnih
davanja, kao što su zdravstvena skrb i dječji doplatci.

3 It also refers to the creation and maintenance of an institutional and physical

environment which helps individuals, families and groups to lead a creative, independent
and social life and to receive support as needed to cope with transition and crises.
Također se odnosi na stvaranje i održavanje institucionalnog i fizičkog okrkuženja koje
pomaže pojedincima, obiteljima i skupinama voditi kreativan, samostalan i društven život
i primati pomoć prema potrebi kako bi se lakše nosili s kriznim situacijama.

3 at-risk– empowerment – fund – implement professional – protective – provision –

recipient support – taxation – transfer – welfare2

1. Social policy involves monetary _____________ from insurance _________ and state budgets
to _____________ of contributional or non-contributional benefits.
2. In addition, it refers to the provision of ________________ rights for ____________ groups, the
provision of professional ___________ in a way that facilitates ________________ on a personal
and group basis.
3. It can also refer to government policies for _____________ and social protection.
4. The legislative and executive branches of government work together to make financial
______________ for social policy services mainly through ________________.
5. The social work profession _____________ social services in co-operation with other
________________.

2 odgovori (ovim redom): transfers, funds, recipients, protective, at-risk, support, empowerment, welfare, provision,
taxation, implements, professionals
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prijevod:
1 Social policy involves monetary transfers from insurance funds and state budgets to
recipients of contributional or noncontributional benefits
Socijalna politika bavi se prijenosima sredstava iz fondova osiguranja i državnih
proračuna prema primateljima doprinosnih i nedoprinosnih davanja.
2 In addition, it refers to the provision of protective rights for at-risk groups, the
provision of professional support in a way that facilitates empowerment on a personal
and group basis.
Također se odnosi na osiguravanje zaštitnih prava za ugrožene skupine, pružanje stručne
podrške na način koji omogućava osnaživanje na osobnoj i grupnoj razini.
3 It can also refer to government policies for welfare and social protection.
Može se odnositi i na vladine politike za osiguravanje blagostanja i socijalne zaštite.
4 The legislative and executive branches of government work together to make financial
provision for social policy services mainly through taxation.
Zakonodavna i izvršna grana vlasti zajedno rade na osiguravanju sredstava za usluge
socijalne politike uglavnom putem oporezivanja.
5 The social work profession implements social services in cooperation with other
proffesionals..
Profesija socijalnog rada pruža socijalne usluge u suradnji s drugim stručnjacima.

1. How can we define ‘social policy’?
2. What policy areas does social policy
include?
3. What different areas and disciplines of
study are relevant for social policy?
4. What does social policy involve in
practice?
5. What can the term welfare refer to?
6. Who are the main actors in the creation
and implementation of social policy?
1. What is a welfare state and what
principles is it based on?
2. How are the goals of a welfare state
achieved?
3. What characteristics of a welfare state
do you know?
4. What is suggested to be covered by
social security in the ILO Convention on
Social Security?
5. How can we categorize social policy
(welfare) benefits?
6. What are the main differences between
public and private sector welfare?

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1. to cope with crisis NOSITI SE S 5. to determine the level of well-being

KRIZOM UTVRDITI RAZINU BLAGOSTANJA
(SKRBI/DOBROBITI)
2. to regulate relationships between
individuals UREĐIVATI ODNOSE MEĐU 6. to explore the context in which welfare
POJEDINCIMA is produced ISTRAŽITI POJAM U KOJEM
JE DOBROBIT STVORENA
3. to detract from welfare UMANJITI
SOCIJALNO BLAGOSTANJE
4. to facilitate empowerment on a personal
basis OLAKŠATI OSNAŽIVANJE NA
OSNOVNOJ RAZINI
sa kviza danas:

1 which is a characteristic of public sector welfare?

a market-driven b residual provision c better responsiveness to need d consumer-driven

2 social policy is created by the legislative branch of government točno/netočno

3 which of these benefits is non-means-tested
a health insurance b survivor’s benefit c family benefit
4 in a progressive personal taxation system, who is taxed more?
a those who earn less b everyone is taxed at an equal rate c those who earn more

5 social policy and taxation are closely connected točno/netočno

6 who implements social services in the field?

a social workers and other professionals b the legislative branch of government c the courts

7 who is responsible for providing protective rights to individuals and groups?

a the judicial b the social work profession c the legislative branch of government

8 contributional benefits are only available to people who have previously made payments to
appropriate funds točno/netočno

9 choose the best translation for the term “welfare state”

a državna dobrobit b socijalna država c država blagostanja d državno blagostanje

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What is Social Work? UNIT 1
Definitions of social work
Oxford Learner’s Dictionary
- the work that involves giving help and
advice to people living in the community
who have financial or family problems
Socijalni rad - posao koji uključuje
pružanje pomoći i savjeta ljudima koji
žive u zajednici i koji imaju financijske ili
obiteljske probleme
National Association of Social Workers
(NASW) :
- the professional activity of helping
individuals, groups, or communities
enhance or restore their capacity for
social functioning and creating societal
conditions favorable to this goal
Global definition of the Social Work
Profession
- the global definition was adopted by
the International Federation of Social
Workers (IFSW) in 2014
-it is an international organisation that
brings together national associations of
social workers with the aim of promoting
good practice in social work and
reviewing its standards
Global definition of the Social Work
Profession
- “Social work is a practice-based
profession and an academic discipline
that promotes social change and
development, social cohesion, and the
empowerment and liberation of people.
Principles of social justice, human rights,
collective responsibility and respect for
diversities are central to social work.
Underpinned by theories of social work,
social sciences, humanities and
indigenous knowledges, social work
engages people and structures to
address life challenges and enhance
wellbeing.”
- „Socijalni rad je praktično utemeljena
profesija i akademska disciplina koja
promiče društvenu promjenu i razvoj,
socijalnu koheziju te osnaživanje i
oslobađanje ljudi. Principi socijalne
pravde, ljudskih prava, kolektivne
odgovornosti i poštivanja različitosti
središnji su u socijalnom radu.
Potkrijepljena teorijom socijalnoga rada,
društvenih i humanističkih znanosti te
autohtonim znanjem, profesija
socijalnoga rada angažira ljude i
strukture na rješavanju životnih izazova i
povećanje blagostanja.” (prema European
Association of Schools of Social Work –
eassw.org)
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The Mission of Social Work

• main goals:
- to enable all people to develop their full potential,
- enrich their lives, and
- prevent dysfunction

• social worker – an agent of change in the society, the lives of individuals, families
and communities they serve

• social work – an interrelated system of values, theory and practice

Social Work- Values

1. protect the rights and promote the interests of service users and carers
2. strive to establish and maintain the trust and confidence of service users and carers
3. promote the independence of service users while protecting them as far as possible from
danger or harm
4. respect the rights of service users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not
harm themselves or other people
5. uphold public trust and confidence in social services
6. be accountable for the quality of their work and take responsibility for maintaining and
improving their knowledge and skills

1. personal difficulties - osobne poteškoće 7. underpin/ support - potkrijepiti

2. interpersonal practice - međuljudska praksa
3. humanitarian ideals - humanitarni ideali
4. collective responsibility - kolektivna odgovornost
5. essential resources - osnovni resursi
6. academic discipline - akademska disciplina
8. cohesion/ unity - kohezija
9. diversity/ variety - raznolikost
10. alleviate/ relieve - ublažiti
11. inclusion/ involvement - inkluzija
12. indigenous/ native - autohtono

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underline the word which is not a synonym

for the word below:
impetus: motivation, hindrance, incentive,
stimulus
promote: social change, development,
scrutinize: examine, browse, study, inspect
empowerment, social inclusion
cohesion: interrelatedness, discord, union, address: challenges, dysfunction, social
adherence exclusion, poverty
prevent: suffering, social exclusion
signpost: marker, misinformation, landmark,
develop: human potential
indicator
alleviate: suffering, social exclusion, poverty
bias: favoritism, prejudice, impartiality, obtain: resources
inclination
endorse: support, boycott, approvem back

Aims of Social Work

• to relieve and prevent hardship and suffering
• to help individuals, families, groups and communities
- by providing appropriate services
- by contributing to social planning
• to enable people
- to deal with personal and social difficulties
- to obtain essential resources and services
• social work involves among other things: interpersonal practice, group work, community
work, social development, social action, policy development, research, social work
education, supervisory and managerial functions in the above fields

• humanitarian and democratic ideals

• values are based on the respect for the equality, worth and dignity of all people
• promotion of human rights
• achieving social justice
• striving to alleviate poverty and to liberate vulnerable and oppressed people in order to
promote social inclusion

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Education system in Croatia

• the right to an education- a constitutional right
• the right to a lifelong education
• educational institutions: • stages in education:
- state- owned 1. preschool education
- private 2. primary (elementary) education
- church- owned (COMPULSORY)
3. secondary education
4. tertiary (higher) education
preschool education

• international legal basis:

- Convention No. 156 on Workers with Family Responsibilities (ILO)
- stipulates the state’s duty and obligation to provide care for preschool-age children
• ages 6 months – school age (6/7)
• nurseries and kindergartens
• programs include educational, health care, nourishment and social care elements

primary (elementary) education

• compulsory and free 8-year education

• three segments of compulsory primary education
- regular primary schools and special institutions for pupils with developmental
difficulties
- art education in primary music and dance schools
- primary education of adults (conducted in regular primary schools and specialized
institutions)
• regular primary schools mostly founded by units of local self- government and towns
• some private primary schools follow special pedagogical principles (Waldorf,
Montessori)
• primary education in the language and script of national minorities available in some
primary schools
• two stages of primary education
- classroom teaching (years 1-4)
- subject teaching (years 5-8)

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secondary education

• enrolment not compulsory

• general aim:
- to prepare for further education
- to teach skills and knowledge for work
• three types of secondary schools:
- grammar schools
- vocation schools
- art schools
• grammar schools
- prepare students for higher education
• vocation schools
- prepare students for entering the labour market
- also provide the possibility of continuing education in the tertiary system
higher education

types of higher education institutions in Croatia:

• universities
- consist of:
- faculties, departments, institutes, libraries, ect.
- organize and carry out university and (exceptionally) professional studies
- conduct scientific research
• polytechnics
- offer at least 3 different professional study programmes
• schools of professional higher education
- offer a single professional study programme

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higher education- types of studies

UNIVERSITY STUDIES PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
1. undergraduate university study (bachelor- 1. professional study (professional bachelor)
BA)
2. specialist professional graduate study
2. graduate university study (master- MA) (specialist)
3. postgraduate study:
a) postgraduate university study (doctor-
PhD), or
b) postgraduate specialist study (university
specialist – univ. spec.)

1. cjeloživotno obrazovanje – lifelong education

2. državna škola – state-owned school
3. upisati se u školu – enrol in a school
4. pohađati školu – attend school
5. gimnazija – grammar school
6. strukovna škola – vocational school
7. visoko obrazovanje – higher education
8. stručni studij – professional study
9. sveučilišni studij – university study
10. prvostupnik – bachelor
11. veleučilište – polytechnic
12. visoka škola – school of professional higher education

synonyms
1. elementary - primary
2. compulsory - obligatory
3. vocational - occupational
4. sufficient - satisfactory
5. postgraduate - doctoral
6. prior - previous

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1. Eight-year elementary education in the Republic of Croatia is compulsory and free for all
children between the ages of six and fifteen.
Osmogodišnje osnovnoškolsko obrazovanje u Republici Hrvatskoj je obvezno i besplatno za svu
djecu u dobi od 6 do 15 godina.
2. Secondary education enables everyone, under equal terms and according to one's
capabilities, to acquire knowledge and skills required for work and continuation of education.
Srednjoškolsko obrazovanje omogućava svima, pod jednakim uvjetima i prema vlastitim
sposobnostima, stjecanje znanja i vještina potrebnih za rad ili nastavak obrazovanja.
3. University is an institution that organises and implements university studies in at least two
scientific and/or art areas in a greater number of fields and interdisciplinary studies.
Sveučilište je institucija koja organizira i provodi sveučilišne studije u najmanje dva znanstvena
i/ili umjetnička područja u većem broju polja i interdisciplinarnih studija.
4. Faculty is a higher education institution that as a university constituent organises and
carries out university studies and develops scientific research and professional work in one or
more scientific and professional fields.
Fakultet je institucija visokog obrazovanja koja, kao sastavnica sveučilišta, organizira i provodi
sveučilišne studije te razvija znanstvena istraživanja i stručni rad u jednom ili više znanstvenih
i stručnih polja.

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education in Great Britain

COMPULSORY OPTIONAL
• primary education • further education
• secondary education • higher education

education of social workers in Croatia

Historical outline
1952 – Professional College for Social Workers
1972 – 2 and 4-year programme
4-year programme – interdisciplinary university study
1982 – Faculty of Law – study of social work
1985 – 2-year programme abolished
2005 – the Bologna study system adopted
• Social Work Study Centre
- institute for Social Work
- institute for Social Policy
• departments:
- theory and methods of social - social work sphere
work - social gerontology
- methodology of research in - social policy
social work and social policy - psychology

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1. professional judgment – stručna procjena/ prosudba

2. relevant legislation - relevantno zakonodavstvo
3. statutory services – obvezne usluge
4. service user - korisnik usluge
5. media attention - medijska pozornost
6. public sector - javni sektor
7. vulnerable clients - ranjivi klijenti
8. voluntary organisation – volonterska/ dobrovoljna organizacija

1. offer support - pružati podršku

2. give evidence – svjedočiti, davati iskaz na sudu
3. make decisions - donositi odluke, odlučivati
4. maintain records - voditi evidencije
5. conduct interviews - voditi/obavljati razgovore/intervjue
6. prepare reports - pripremiti izvješća

Undergraduate UNIVERSITY study of social work lasts for FOUR years and it leads to the
degree of BACHELOR of social work.
There are two types of graduate study: SOCIAL WORK and SOCIAL POLICY.
The graduate study programme ends with the preparation of a THESIS, and the successful
candidate earns the degree of a MASTER.
Specialists postgraduate study of social work or social policy lasts for 2 years and there are
FOUR different specializations..
A PhD candidate must earn 180 ECTS during the doctoral study.

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employment law
-employment-

• the right to work

- a human right
- UN1s Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- European Convention on Human Rights
- Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
-sources of employment law-
A HIERARCHY OF SOURCES
• international documents
• the Constitution
• employment-related laws
- e.g., Zakon o radu, Zakon o suzbijanju diskriminacije (HR);
- e.g., Employment Act, Employment Relations Act, Equality Act (UK)
• collective agreements
- concluded between employers and trade unions on behalf of an entire
profession or group of professionals
• employment contract
- concluded between employer and employee

legal regulation of employment

• employment participants:
- employee:
an individual who has entered into or works under a contract of service
(Employment Relations Act 1999.), or as an individual who works part-time or full-
time under a contract of employment, whether oral or written, express or implied,
and has recognized rights and duties
- employer
a person or company that provides a job paying wages or a salary to one or more
people

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• obligations of the employee

- to carry assigned duties, or the employer’s instructions to the best of his or her abilities

• obligations of the employer

- to protect the employee from harm or injury, and make fair compensation for any loss
or damage resulting from any job-related accident

• an imbalance of bargaining power between the employer and the employee

• employee
- the weaker party
- needs more legal protection

• employment contract
- regulates the relationship, rights and obligations of an employee and the employer

• collective agreements
- impose minimum terms to be adhered to in individual employment contracts

• Some typical employee rights:

- minimum wage
- equal pay for like work
- non-discrimination
- right to paid sick and parental leave (sick and parental pay)
- right to be represented by a trade union
- a cap on working hours
- holiday entitlement
- notice period
- pension scheme
• remuneration
- payment received for work performed
- wage
- usually referring to weekly payments, or
- salary
- usually referring to the annual total or monthly payments

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types of employment contracts

• permanent contract
• fixed- term contract

• full-time work
• part-time work
• occasional work
termination of employment
• expiration of a fixed-term contract
• by frustration
• by death of employer
• by dissolution of employer

• voluntary termination
• involuntary termination
voluntary termination (by the employee)
• resignation
- employee resigns, observing the notice period
• retirement
- employee reaches retirement age
involuntary termination (by the employer)
• regular dismissal (observation of the notice period)
- redundancy (due to business reasons, e.g., a surplus of workers, may be subject to
redundancy pay)
- dismissal due to underperformance (due to personal reasons)
- dismissal due to a breach of employment contract
- dismissal due to inadequacy during trial work
• exceptional dismissal
- summary dismissal
- due to a serious breach of employment obligations (gross misconduct)
- notice period- 15 days from the date of learning of the fact (the breach)

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termination of employment
DISMISSAL
• regular dismissal
• redundancy (to be made redundant)
- surplus of workers
- may be subject to redundancy pay (otpremnina)
• summary dismissal
- in the event of gross misconduct
- notice period not observed

1. The employer is under the obligation to protect the employee from harm or injury and make
fair compensation for any loss or damage resulting from any job-related accident.
Poslodavac je dužan štititi zaposlenika od štete ili ozljeda i osigurati pravičnu naknadu za bilo
kakav gubitak ili štetu nastalu bilo kojom nesrećom povezanom s poslom.
2. A full-time contract of employment typically offers the most benefits, like paid holidays,
vacation time, sick leave and pension benefits.
Ugovor o radu s punim radnim vremenom nudi najviše pogodnosti, poput plaćenih praznika,
godišnjih odmora, bolovanja i mirovinskog osiguranja.
3. Regular termination means that the employer may terminate the employment contract
subsequent to a prescribed or agreed termination notice period, if there is a valid reason, i.e. if
there is no longer the need for a certain type of work due to economic, technical or
organizational reasons.
Redoviti otkaz odnosi se na situacije gdje poslodavac može otkazati ugovor o radu po isteku
propisanog ili dogovorenog otkaznog roka ako postoji valjani razlog, to jest ako više nema
potrebe za određenom vrstom posla iz ekonomskih, tehničkih ili organizacijskih razloga.

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Top 10 social work careers in the US

1. Substance Use and Recovery Treatment Counselor
2. Mental Health Counselor
3. Marriage and Family Counselor
4. Medical Social Worker
5. School Social Worker
6. Foster Care Social Worker
8. Corporate Social Responsibility
9. Policy Analyst
10. Human Resources Coordinator/Specialist
PROVISION OF SERVICES TO INSTITUTIONAL SETTINGS
SPECIFIC USER GROUPS - health care
- aging - administration and management
- child welfare - justice and corrections
- developmental disabilities - public welfare
- mental health and clinical social work - school social work

POLICY AND PRESSURE GROUPS OTHER

- advocacy and community organization - international
- policy and planning - research

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C F B A D
E

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1. to CONDUCT research – provoditi istraživanja

2. to CHAMPION rights of individuals – boriti se za prava pojedinaca
3. to ADVOCATE for improved services – zalagati se za poboljšanje usluga
4. to LINK older adults with services that help them live independently
– povezivati starije osobe s uslugama koje im pomažu da žive samostalno
5. to ASSIST families that have serious domestic conflicts
- pomagati obiteljima koje imaju ozbiljne obiteljske probleme
6. to ANALYZE policies and regulations to see what is most effective
- analizirati politike i propise kako bi se utvrdilo što je najučinkovitije
7. to PROVIDE mental health services - pružati usluge mentalnog zdravlja
8. to EVALUATE standards and criteria for service delivery
- procjenjivati standarde i kriterije za pružanje usluga

Employment of social workers

Social workers can work in both statutory
and non-statutory roles. In a statutory
position a social worker’s role is to adhere
to the laws that exist to protect the
vulnerable clients that they work with.
Social workers have a duty to abide by the
legislation and a power to enforce it. In
non-statutory roles social workers still work
with a similar client group but are not
specifically responsible for enforcing the
law. Social workers in non-statutory roles
are often employed in the civil society
sector or in specialist roles such as
providing support for drug and alcohol
users, homeless people and people with
mental health issues.
Socijalni radnici pružaju obvezne i
neobvezne usluge. Kada je riječ o obveznim
uslugama, uloga socijalnog radnika je da se
pridržava zakona koji štite ranjive
korisnike/klijente s kojima rade. Socijalni
radnici dužni su pridržavati se zakona te su
ih ovlašteni i provoditi. Kod neobveznih
usluga socijalni radnici rade sa sličnim
skupinama klijenata, ali nisu izravno
odgovorni za provođenje zakona. Neobvezne
usluge socijalni radnici pružaju često u
okviru sektora civilnog društva ili u
specijalističkim ulogama kao što su
pružanje podrške za ovisnike o drogi i
alkoholu, beskućnike te osobe s duševnim
poremećajima.

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Tasks typically involve:

• conducting interviews with service users and their families to assess and review their
situation;
• undertaking and writing up assessments (sometimes in collaboration with other
professionals), which meet specified standards and timescales;
• recommending and sometimes making decisions about the best course of action for a
particular service user;
• liaising with, and making referrals to, other agencies;
• participating in multidisciplinary teams and meetings regarding, for example, child
protection or mental health;
• maintaining accurate records and preparing reports for legal action; • giving evidence in
court;
Aktivnosti socijalnih radnika uobičajeno uključuju:
• vođenje intervjua s korisnicima usluga i njihovim obiteljima kako bi procijenili njihovu
situaciju i bilo kakve promjene u njoj;
• izrada i sastavljanje nalaza (ponekad u suradnji s drugim stručnjacima), uzimajući u
obzir određene standarde i rokove;
• preporuka, a ponekad i odlučivanje o najboljim koracima za rješavanje problema
određenog korisnika;
• povezivanje s drugim agencijama i upućivanje korisnika istima;
• sudjelovanje u multidisciplinarnim timovima i sastancima u vezi s, primjerice, zaštitom
djece ili duševnim zdravljem;
• vođenje točnih evidencija i priprema izvješća za potrebe sudskih postupaka;
• davanje iskaza u sudskim postupcima

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demographic changes

demography- statistical study of demographics- the statistical

human populations, especially with characteristics of human populations
reference to size and density, distribution
and vital statistics (births, marriages,
deaths, etc.).
• contemporary demographic concerns include:
- population trends (size, structure, distribution)
- effects of population on economic development
and vice versa
- urban congestion
- illegal immigration
- labour force statistics, etc.

• the basis for most demographic studies is the population census and the registration of vital
statistics
• CENSUS- a systematic recording of information on all members of a population usually
residing in a country or present at the time
• an expensive procedure, usually performed every 10 years (the census years)

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history of census
• early censuses were hardly comprehensive and were conducted mainly for very
specific purposes, such as:
- identifying those liable to taxation or military service (Ancient Rome)
- landowners (e.g., 11th century England)
- determining the ratios for representation in Congress for each state of the USA
(1790) (a revolutionary step in demography because it included the entire
population and because of its purpose)
modern censuses
• the United Nations encourages and sponsors the taking of censuses worldwide
• provides a list of core aspects to be covered by a census:
- sex, age, marital status, employment status, level of education, country of birth,
housing conditions, and household composition
• censuses refer to a precisely determined territory and a precise time
• population allocated according to their legal residence, which may differ from the
place where they work
• this results in large cities seeming to have a smaller population than is actually the
case (considering their working population), vice-versa for suburban areas
• data usually collected over several days or weeks
• important to set exact census time- people born or deceased after that time not
counted, regardless of the time of the actual data collecting
• information may be supplied by members of the family

• according to the UN, the world’s
population has increased from 2.5
bn in 1950 to 7.3 bn in 2015
• currently around 7.8 billion
• forecast to continue rising
• projected to top 10 billion in the
early 2060s
• growth more pronounced in the
poorest developing countries
• as opposed to the world trends, the
growth of the EU population is
slowing down
• currently around 448 million
• negative trend in population growth
since 2012
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1. complete the phrases with an appropriate noun from the text

aspect, countries, members, dynamics, inhabitants, societies
1. demographic analysis can relate to whole societies
2. demography is the study of human population dynamics
3. the total number of inhabitants in the EU
4. the worlds poorest developing countries
5. core aspects to be included in the census
6. a systematic recording of information on all members of a population

2. supply the missing prepostions

1. the classification of populations by various characteristics
2. characteristics of a given population
3. to comply with a guidance
4. a slowdown within the pace of population expansion
5. the number of inhabitants increased from 2.5 billion to 7.3 billion inhabitants
6. the population growth over the next fifty years

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Croatia
Demographics profile
• some basic demographic data on Croatia:
- Croatia’s population in 2019 was estimated at 4,130,304 people according to UN
data (compared to 4,456,096 people according to the 2011 census)
- it is equivalent to 0.05% of the total world population
- Croatia ranks number 130 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by
population

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Translate into Croatian:

1. The average number of live births in the period 1991-2001 was 28% lower than in the
previous decade.
2. The most densely populated area is the Zagreb region.
3. The ageing of the population is a result of a decrease in the natality rate and an increase
in the mortality rate accompanied with the extension of the average life expectancy.
4. In the last decades the ratio of male and female population has gradually improved in
young and adult age groups, but has deteriorated in elderly groups.
5. The estimated population growth rate in 2003 equalled 0.31%.
6. According to the 2001 census 87.8% of the population was Roman Catholic, 4.4% was
Orthodox, 1.3% Muslim, 0.3% protestant.
7. In Britain there has been an increasing proportion of people over retirement age.

1. Prosječan broj živorođenih u razdoblju između 1991. i 2001. bio je 28% manji u odnosu na
prošlo desetljeće.
2. Najgušće naseljeno područje je Zagrebačka županija.
3. Starenje populacije rezultat je smanjenja stope nataliteta i povećanja stope mortaliteta
popraćeno produljenjem prosječnog životnog vijeka.
4. U zadnjim desetljećima omjer muške i ženske populacije se postepeno poboljšao među
mladim i odraslim dobnim skupinama, ali se pogoršao u starijim skupinama.
5. Procijenjena populacijska stopa rasta u 2003. iznosila je 0.31%.
6. Prema popisu iz 2001. 87.8% populacije bili su rimokatolici, 4.4% pravoslavci, 1.3% muslimani,
0.3% protestanti.
7. U Britaniji je sve veći udio ljudi starijih od dobi za umirovljenje.

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