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BUOG 1 st Semester
www. Buog .edu .iq

Stimulation Operations and Artificial lift

Introduction

Leet. 1

Oil and Gas Engineering Department

bpared by:
jad Jameel
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Course Details

< Theoretical: 3 hour/ week

< Discussion: 1 hour/week
< Practical: 0 hour/ week
< Utiits: 3
‫أﺳﺑوع‬/‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺎت‬3 :‫اﻟﻧظري‬
‫أﺳﺑوع‬/‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ واﺣدة‬:‫اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬
‫أﺳﺑوع‬/‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬0 :‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﻲ‬
3 :‫اﻟوﺣدات‬

Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023

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What is Artificial Lift? ‫ﻣﺎ ھو اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ؟‬

Artificial Lift refers to the use of artificial lift means to increase the flow of
liquids, such as crude oil or water which comes from production.
- Reservoir pressure too low to lift fluids
- Increase throughput above natural flow rate
□ Artificial lift is generally performed on all wells at some time during their
production life
□ The two main categories of Artificial lift include:
•S Gas lift/
•S Pumping systems
‫ﯾﺷﯾر اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ إﻟﻰ اﺳﺗﺧدام وﺳﺎﺋل اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ ﻟزﯾﺎدة ﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟﺳواﺋل‬
Revenue Growth

‫ ﻣﺛل اﻟﻧﻔط اﻟﺧﺎم أو اﻟﻣﺎء اﻟذي ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣن اﻹﻧﺗﺎج‬،

- ‫ﺿﻐط اﻟﺧزان ﻣﻧﺧﻔض ﺟدًا ﺑﺣﯾث ﻻ ﯾﺗﻣﻛن ﻣن رﻓﻊ اﻟﺳواﺋل‬
- ‫زﯾﺎدة اﻹﻧﺗﺎﺟﯾﺔ ﻓوق ﻣﻌدل اﻟﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻲ‬

‫ﯾﺗم إﺟراء اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ ﻋﻣو ًﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻵﺑﺎر ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻣﺎ أﺛﻧﺎء ﺣﻔرھﺎ‬
‫ﺣﯾﺎة اﻹﻧﺗﺎج‬

‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬Sajjad‫ﻣﺎ‬Jameel
‫اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ‬
2023 ‫ﺗﺷﻣل اﻟﻔﺋﺗﺎن اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺗﺎن ﻟﻠرﻓﻊ‬:
‫رﻓﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز‬/
‫أﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺿﺦ‬
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Artificial Lift
oil Recover
Primary Recovery y
1
I ------------------------------- GeneraJlyLess
m i r-i
Natural Flow t' \ Artificial
kma i i i
Lift,/ Than 30%

Secondary Recovery
|---------------------*---------------------1 30-50%
Waterflooding Pressure Maintenance

Tertiary
____IRecovery .
______ ________
Up tO 80+ %
EOR

Thermal Gas Injection Chemical Other

Steam CO2 Alkali Microbial
Hot Water Hydrocarbon Surfactant Acoustic
Combustion Nitrogen/Flue Polymer Electromagnetic
From SPE-SPE-84908, 87864
Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023
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Production System

kpcation
Separator
Surface Choke
Wellhead
Safety Valve
Restriction
P.r
P.<.
P.

Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023

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‫( ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم طرق اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ‬ALMs) ‫ﻟرﻓﻊ اﻟﺳواﺋل اﻟﻣﺗراﻛﻣﺔ ﻣن اﻵﺑﺎر وﻟﻠﻣﺳﺎﻋدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﻔﺎظ‬
‫ًﺎ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺗوﻗف ﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟﺑﺋر أو ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ‬
‫ ﯾﻛون اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ ﻣطﻠوﺑ‬.‫ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻋروﺿﮭم‬
Introduction ‫ًﺎ‬
‫ًا ﺑﺣﯾث ﻻ ﯾﻛون اﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾ‬
‫ﻣﻌدل اﻹﻧﺗﺎج ﻣﻧﺧﻔض ﺟد‬.
• Artificial lift methods (ALMs) are used to lift the accumulated fluids from wells and to help sustain
their performances. AL) Artificial lift is required when a well will no longer flow or when the
production rate is too low to be economic.
Figure shows how installation of a pump a small distance
Figure below illustrates such a situation - the reservoir below the static fluid level allows a limited drawdown (Dp') to
pressure is so low that the static fluid level is below the be created. The well now starts to flow at rate q.
wellhead.

Flowing Tubing Head Pressure

(FTHP)

Production Rate

10/13/2023

Sajjad Jameel 2023

‫ اﻟﺧزان اﻟﺿﻐط‬- ‫وﯾوﺿﺢ اﻟﺷﻛل أدﻧﺎه ﻣﺛل ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﯾوﺿﺢ اﻟﺷﻛل ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺗرﻛﯾب اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﺻﻐﯾرة‬
‫( ﯾﺳﻣﺢ أﻗل ﻣن ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺳﺎﺋل اﻟﺛﺎﺑت ﺑﺳﺣب ﻣﺣدود‬Dp')
‫ًا ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﻛون ﻣﺳﺗوى اﻟﺳﺎﺋل اﻟﺛﺎﺑت أﻗل ﻣن‬‫ﻣﻧﺧﻔض ﺟد‬
‫إﻟﻰ ﺳﯾﺗم إﻧﺷﺎء ﯾﺑدأ اﻟﺑﺋر اﻵن ﺑﺎﻟﺗدﻓﻖ ﺑﻣﻌدل‬
‫رأس اﻟﺑﺋر‬.
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‫ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﻧرى ﺑﺳﮭوﻟﺔ أن ﻧﻔس ﻣﻌدل اﻹﻧﺗﺎج ﺳﯾﺣدث ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺗم ﻧﻘل اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺟزء اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬
.‫ ﻛﻣﺎ ھو‬،‫ وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺳﺣب‬،‫ ﺑﺷرط أن ﯾظل اﻧﺧﻔﺎض اﻟﺿﻐط ﻋﺑر اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺔ‬،‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺔ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب‬
‫اﻟﻣﯾزة إن وﺿﻊ اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘرب ﻣن اﻟﺛﻘوب ھو أﻧﮫ ﯾﻣﻛن اﻵن ﺗﺣﻘﯾﻖ اﻟﺣد اﻷﻗﺻﻰ ﻣن اﻹﻧﺗﺎج‬
‫اﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣل ﻣن ﺧﻼل‬
Introduction ‫( ﻓرض ﺳﺣب ﻛﺑﯾر‬DP") ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن و"ﺿﺦ اﻟﺑﺋر" ﻋن طرﯾﻖ إﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﺑﺋر ﻋﻧد‬q 2 ‫ھو‬
‫ أﺻﻐر ﻗﻠﯾﻼ ﻣن‬AOF.

• It can be readily seen that the same production rate will occur when the pump is relocated to the bottom of the
tubing, provided the pressure drop across the pump, and hence the drawdown, remains the same. The advantage
of placing the pump near the perforations is that the maximum potential production can now be achieved by
imposing a large drawdown (DP") on the formation and “pumping the well off’ by producing the well at q 2 is
slightly smaller than the AOF.

(‫ﯾﺗطﻠب ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ أن ﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺔ اﻟﻣراد ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ أداء ﺗدﻓﻖ وﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟﺑﺋر‬
(ificial lift design requires that the pump to be installed is
itched to the well inflow and outflow performance

Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023

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‫ﻣﺗﻰ ﺗﻛون ھﻧﺎك ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ؟‬

When is Artificial Lift needed?

• 1. To raise fluids to the surface when: P Reservoir > P Hydrostatic + P line
• 2. To increase the production rate of flowing wells by reducing the producing
bottom hole pressure (P BHP = PH + PL)
Solutions:

A. Reduce hydrostatic head pressure ‫ ﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﺿﻐط اﻟرأس اﻟﮭﯾدروﺳﺗﺎﺗﯾﻛﻲ‬.‫أ‬

B. Reduce/the amount of fluid lifted per cycle ‫ ﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﻛﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﺳواﺋل اﻟﻣرﻓوﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛل دورة‬.‫ب‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﯾل اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﺧط‬.‫ج‬
C. Red/ce line back-pressure ‫ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ‬.‫د‬
D. d Energy
Liquid Holding ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﺿﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
en the pressure of the liquid column keeps gas from entering the well:
Reservoir > P Hydrostatic

‫ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﻣﻧﻊ ﺿﻐط ﻋﻣود اﻟﺳﺎﺋل اﻟﻐﺎز ﻣن دﺧول اﻟﺑﺋر‬

Sajjad Jameel 2023
‫ع اﻟﺧزان< ف اﻟﮭﯾدروﺳﺗﺎﺗﯾﻛﻲ‬ K3/2023
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The Life of an Oil Well

Production Volume

16%
84%

Artificial Lift

Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023

Ref: Produce< ter Volumes and Management Practices in the United States (2007), Argonne National Laboratory; Sept, 2009
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‫ اﻻﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺻﺣﯾﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﺻﻌد اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ‬.‫ﺗﺣﺗوي ﻛل طرﯾﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت ﺗﻌﺗﺑر اﻟﺗﺛﺑﯾت اﻷﻣﺛل ﻟﮭﺎ‬
‫ واﻟﺳطﺢ‬،‫ وﺗﻛوﯾن ﺣﻔرة اﻟﺑﺋر‬،‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﻧظﺎم إﻧﺗﺎج ﻣﻌﯾن )ﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﺧزان واﻟﺳواﺋل‬
‫ ﯾﺗم إﺟراء اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻻﻗﺗﺻﺎدي داﺋًﻣﺎ‬.‫ً ﻟﻠﻧظﺎم‬
‫ﻗﯾود اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺄة( ﯾﺗطﻠب ﻓﮭًﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻼ‬

Lift Technologies by Energy Source ‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺎت اﻟرﻓﻊ ﺣﺳب ﻣﺻدر اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ‬

Each method has applications for which it is the optimum installation. Proper selection of an artificial lift
method for a given production system (reservoir and fluid properties, wellbore configuration, and surface
facility restraints) requires a thorough understanding of the system. Economics analysis is always performed

10/13/2023
Sajjad Jameel 2023
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Pumps Categories

Pumps

Gear Lobe

Piston or Plunger Diaphragm

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‫ ﺗم ﺗﻌرﯾﻔﮭﺎ ﺑواﺳطﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻣﻘﯾﺎس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻊ اﻻﺳﺗﺧدام ﻟﻘدرة اﻟﺑﺋر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻧﺗﺎج ھو ﻣؤﺷر اﻹﻧﺗﺎﺟﯾﺔ‬
‫ اﻟرﻣز‬J، ‫ ل‬.‫ﻣؤﺷر اﻹﻧﺗﺎﺟﯾﺔ ھو ﻧﺳﺑﺔ إﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻌدل ﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟﺳﺎﺋل إﻟﻰ اﻧﺧﻔﺎض اﻟﺿﻐط‬
‫ ﯾﺗم إﻋطﺎء ﻣؤﺷر اﻹﻧﺗﺎﺟﯾﺔ ﻣن ﺧﻼل‬،‫ﻹﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﻧﻔط اﻟﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺎء‬:
‫ﻣراﺟﻌﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ أداء اﻟﺗدﻓﻖ‬
Inflow Performance Relationship Review
A commonly used measure of the ability of the well to produce is the Productivity Index. Defined by the
symbol J, the productivity index is the ratio of the total liquid flow rate to the pressure drawdown. For a
water-free oil production, the productivity index is given by: ) Qo Qo
A
Pr - Pwf P

where:
Qo= oil flow rate, STB/day
J = productivity index, STB/day/psi
Pr= volumetric average drainage area pressure
Flowing Bottomhole Pressure (PSI)

Pwf = bottom-hole flowing pressure

Ap = drawdown, psi

125% Increase in Production

’Straight Line" IPR

~ 60% Increase in Production

60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780

Total Liquid Production, (BFPD)

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‫( ﯾﺷﺎر ﻋﺎدة إﻟﻰ ﻣﻧﺣﻧﻰ أداء اﻟﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺳم ﻋﻼﻗﺔ أداء اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب‬TPR)، ‫وھو ﯾﻣﺛل ﺿﻐط اﻟﺗدﻓﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻣطﻠوب ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎع اﻟﺣﻔرة واﻟﻣطﻠوب ﻣن أﺟل‬:
* ‫ارﻓﻊ اﻟﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟﻣﺗزاﻣن ﻟﻠﺳﺎﺋل ﻣﺗﻌدد اﻷطوار ﺑﻣﻌدﻻت ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ إﻟﻰ رأس اﻟﺑﺋر و‬
* ‫اﻟﺗﻐﻠب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺿﻐوط اﻟﻣﻔﻘودة اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣدث ﻓﻲ ﻧظﺎم ﺗدﻓﻖ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب‬.

IPR versus VLP

The outflow performance curve is commonly referred to as the Tubing Performance Relationship (TPR), represents
the required bottom-hole flowing pressure that is needed to:
J Lift the simultaneous flow of multiphase fluid at various rates to the wellhead and
'S Overcome all pressure loses occurring in the tubing flowing system.

Node flow
2000 4000 capacity 6000 8000 10000

Sajjad Jameel rate, Q

 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

om
k

k
lic

lic
C

C
.c

.c
w

w
tr re tr re
.

.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) ‫( ﻋﻼﻗﺔ أداء اﻟﺗدﻓﻖ‬IPR)

A well never actually attains its absolute flow potential, because in order for it to flow, Pwf must exceed
the backpressure that the producing fluid exerts on the formation as it moves through the production
system. This backpressure or bottom hole pressure has the following components:
Hydrostatic pressure of the producing fluid column
Friction pressure caused by fluid movement through the tubing, wellhead and surface equipment
Kmetic or potential losses due to diameter restrictions, pipe bends or elevation changes.

‫ ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﺗﺟﺎوز‬،‫ ﻷﻧﮫ ﻟﻛﻲ ﯾﺗدﻓﻖ‬،‫ًا إﻟﻰ إﻣﻛﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟﻣطﻠﻘﺔ‬

‫ ﻻ ﯾﺻل اﻟﺑﺋر أﺑد‬Pwf ‫اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﺧﻠﻔﻲ اﻟذي ﯾﻣﺎرﺳﮫ اﻟﺳﺎﺋل اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ ﯾﺣﺗوي ھذا اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﺧﻠﻔﻲ أو ﺿﻐط اﻟﺛﻘب اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن أﺛﻧﺎء ﺗﺣرﻛﮫ ﺧﻼل اﻹﻧﺗﺎج ﻧظﺎم‬

‫< اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﮭﯾدروﺳﺗﺎﺗﯾﻛﻲ ﻟﻌﻣود اﻟﺳﺎﺋل اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ‬

< ‫ﺿﻐط اﻻﺣﺗﻛﺎك اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋن ﺣرﻛﺔ اﻟﺳواﺋل ﻋﺑر اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب ورأس اﻟﺑﺋر واﻟﻣﻌدات اﻟﺳطﺣﯾﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺧﺳﺎﺋر اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺗﯾﺔ أو اﻟﻣﺣﺗﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﺳﺑب ﻗﯾود اﻟﻘطر أو اﻧﺣﻧﺎءات اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب أو ﺗﻐﯾرات اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬.<
Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

om
k

k
lic

lic
C

C
.c

.c
w

w
tr re tr re
.

.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

‫ ﻋن طرﯾﻖ ﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﺗدرج اﻟﺿﻐط ﻟﻠﺳواﺋل اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺧﻠط اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻋن طرﯾﻖ اﻟﺣﻘن‬:‫رﻓﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز‬A

‫ واﻟذي ﯾوﻓر ﻓرق اﻟﺿﻐط اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺗﻐﻠب ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب )أو ﺿﻐط رأس اﻟﺑﺋر‬:‫ ﺿﺦ اﻟﺛﻘب اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬B
‫واﻟﺣﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌدل ﺗدﻓﻖ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺗﻘر‬

Artificial Lift Categories ‫ﻓﺋﺎت اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ‬

Gas lift: by reducing the pressure gradient of produced fluids mixing external gas through injection.
B. Down hole pumping: Which provide pressure differential needed to overcome tubing pressure (or
wellhead pressure and maintain stable higher flow rate).

Gas lift.
Electrical Submersible Pumping. ‫رﻓﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز‬.
‫اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎت اﻟﻐﺎطﺳﺔ اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬.
Sucker rod pumping.
‫ﺿﺦ ﻗﺿﯾب اﻟﻣﺻﺎﺻﺔ‬.
Hydraulic piston pumping. ‫ﺿﺦ اﻟﻣﻛﺑس اﻟﮭﯾدروﻟﯾﻛﻲ‬.
Hydraulic jet pumping. ‫اﻟﺿﺦ اﻟﻧﻔﺎث اﻟﮭﯾدروﻟﯾﻛﻲ‬.
‫رﻓﻊ اﻟﻐطﺎس‬.
Plunger lift.
‫ﺗﻘدم ﺿﺦ ﺗﺟوﯾف‬.
Progressing cavity pumping.

Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023

 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

om
k

k
lic

lic
C

C
.c

.c
w

w
tr re tr re
.

.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

1. ‫ﺣﺟم ﻏﻼف اﻹﻧﺗﺎج‬.

2. ‫)اﻟﺣد اﻷﻗﺻﻰ ﻟﺣﺟم أﻧﺎﺑﯾب اﻹﻧﺗﺎج وﻣﻌدﻻت اﻹﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﻣطﻠوﺑﺔ )اﻹﺟﻣﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬.
3. ‫أﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺣﻠﻘﯾﺔ واﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب‬.
4. ‫)إﻧﺗﺎج ﻋﻣﻖ اﻟﺗﺷﻛﯾل واﻻﻧﺣراف )ﺑﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟك اﻟﺗﻘﻠﺑﺎت اﻟﻣﺧططﺔ وﻏﯾر اﻟﻣﺧططﺔ‬.
5. ‫اﻷﺳﻔﻠﺗﯾن‬/‫اﻟﺷﻣﻊ‬/‫)اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﺔ أو اﻟﺳواﺋل اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺔ )ﺟزء اﻟﻐﺎز وإﻧﺗﺎج اﻟرﻣل‬.
6. ‫ ﺧﺻﺎﺋص ﺗدﻓﻖ‬WelI. ‫ﺗﻌﺗﺑر ﻋﻼﻗﺔ أداء اﻟﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟداﺧﻠﻲ "اﻟﺧط اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﯾم" اﻟﻣرﺗﺑطﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻔط اﻟﻣﯾت أﻛﺛر ﻣن ذﻟك‬
‫" أﻓﺿل ﻣن ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬Vogel" ‫اﻟﻣﻧﺣﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗم اﻟﻌﺛور ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺣدث ﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟﺑﺋر أﺳﻔل ﻧﻘطﺔ ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺳﺎﺋل‬.

SELECTION OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT CRITERIA ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر ﻣﻌﺎﯾﯾر اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ‬

1. Well and Reservoir Characteristics 1. ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﺑﺋر واﻟﺧزان‬

1. Production casing size.
2. Maximum size of production tubing and required (gross) production rates.
3. Annular and tubing safety systems.
4. Producing formation depth and deviation (including doglegs, both planned and unplanned).
5. Nature or the produced fluids (gas fraction and sand/wax/asphaltene production).
6. WelUnflow characteristics. A “straight line” inflow performance relationship associated with a dead oil is more
favorable than the curved “Vogel” relationship found when well inflow takes place below the fluid’s bubble point.

2( Field Location:
(a) Offshore platform design the maximum physical size and weight of artificial lift equipment that can
be installed.
(b) On-shore environment can also strongly influence the artificial lift selection made.
Sajjad Jameel 2023 2( ‫اﻟﻣوﻗﻊ اﻟﻣﯾداﻧﻲ‬: 10/13/2023

(‫أ( ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻣﻧﺻﺔ ﺑﺣرﯾﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﺻﻰ ﺣﺟم ووزن ﻣﺎدي ﻟﻣﻌدات اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻣﻛﻧﮭﺎ ذﻟك ﯾﺗم ﺗﺛﺑﯾﺗﮭﺎ‬
(‫ًﺎ ﺑﻘوة ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ب( ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﺗؤﺛر اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ اﻟﺑرﯾﺔ أﯾﺿ‬.
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

om
k

k
lic

lic
C

C
.c

.c
w

w
tr re tr re
.

.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

‫ واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣد ﻣن اﻟﺧﯾﺎرات اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬:‫ج ـ اﻟظواھر اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺧﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺗطرﻓﺔ‬.

(‫د( ﺳﺗﺣدد اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﺔ ﻣن رأس اﻟﺑﺋر إﻟﻰ ﻣراﻓﻖ اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﺣد اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﺗدﻓﻖ رأس اﻟﺑﺋر اﻟﺿﻐط ﻣطﻠوب ﻟﻠﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌدل إﻧﺗﺎج ﻣﻌﯾن‬
( ‫ وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟك( اﻟﻣﺗﺎح ﻟﻠﻣﺣرك اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻣﻔﺻل ﻟﻠﻣﻌدات وﻗد‬،‫ واﻟدﯾزل‬،‫ واﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ‬،‫ھـ( ﺳﯾؤﺛر ﻣﺻدر اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ )اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻲ‬
‫ﯾؤﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣوﺛوﻗﯾﺔ‬

SELECTION OF ARTIFICIAL LIFT CRITERIA

) c) Climatic extremes: which is limit the practical choices.

(d) The distance from the wellhead to the processing facilities will determine the minimum wellhead flowing
pressure (required for a give production rate).
(e) The power source (natural gas, mains electricity, diesel, etc.) available for the prime mover will impact the
detailed equipment design and may effect reliability.
3. Operational Problems: 3. ‫اﻟﻣﺷﺎﻛل اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾﻠﯾﺔ‬:
a. Some forms of artificial lift e.g. gas lift are more tolerant to solids production (sand and/or formation fines)
th?m other forms e.g. centrifugal pumps.
b. /The formation of massive organic and inorganic deposits - paraffins, asphaltenes, inorganic scales and
/ hydrates - are often preventable by treatment with suitable inhibitors, for example, the inhibitor can be
/ carried in the power fluid for a hydraulic pump or can be dispersed in the lift gas.
c. The choice of materials used to manufacture the equipment will depend on the: Bottom Hole
Temperatures, Corrosive Conditions (H2S, COZ), Erosion( solids content, Producing Velocities
(erosion/corrosion)

‫أو ﺣﺑﯾﺑﺎت اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن( ال؟ م أﺷﻛﺎل أﺧرى ﻋﻠﻰ‬/‫ً ﻹﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﻣواد اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ )اﻟرﻣﺎل و‬
‫ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻐﺎز أﻛﺛر ﺗﺣﻣﻼ‬.‫ ﺑﻌض أﺷﻛﺎل اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬.‫أ‬
Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023

‫ ﻣﺿﺧﺎت اﻟطرد اﻟﻣرﻛزي‬.‫ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬

‫ًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻣﻛن اﻟوﻗﺎﯾﺔ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻋن‬
‫ ﻏﺎﻟﺑ‬- ‫ اﻟﺑﺎراﻓﯾﻧﺎت واﻷﺳﻔﻠﺗﯾن واﻟﻣﻘﺎﯾﯾس ﻏﯾر اﻟﻌﺿوﯾﺔ و اﻟﮭﯾدرات‬- ‫ ﺗﻛوﯾن رواﺳب ﻋﺿوﯾﺔ وﻏﯾر ﻋﺿوﯾﺔ ﺿﺧﻣﺔ‬/ .‫ب‬
‫ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﯾﻛون اﻟﻣﺛﺑط ﻣﺣﻣول ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎﺋﻊ اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﻣﺿﺧﺔ ھﯾدروﻟﯾﻛﯾﺔ أو ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺷﺗﯾﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎز اﻟرﻓﻊ‬،‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬،‫طرﯾﻖ اﻟﻌﻼج ﺑﻣﺛﺑطﺎت ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬
‫ ﺳرﻋﺎت‬،‫ ظروف اﻟﺗﺂﻛل اﻟﺗﺂﻛل ﻣﺣﺗوى اﻟﻣواد اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﻔﺗﺣﺔ اﻟﺳﻔﻠﯾﺔ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺣرارة‬:‫ ﯾﻌﺗﻣد اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣواد اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺻﻧﯾﻊ اﻟﻣﻌدات ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ج‬
‫ﺗﺂﻛل‬/‫)اﻹﻧﺗﺎج )ﺗﺂﻛل‬
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

om
k

k
lic

lic
C

C
.c

.c
w

w
tr re tr re
.

.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

General Guidelines

Operating Positive displacement pumps Dynamic displacement

Parameters pumps Gas lift Plunger
Rod pump PCP Hydraulic ESP Hydraulic lift
Piston Jet
Typical 100 to 2000 to 7500 to 5000 to 5000 to To 8000 ft
Operating 11000ft 4500 ft 10000 ft 10000 ft 10000 ft
Depth (T\T>)
Maximum 16000 ft 6000 ft 17000ft 15000 ft 15000 ft 15000ft 20000 ft
Operating
Depth (T\D)
Typical 5 to 1500 5 to 2200 50 - 500 100 to 300 - 4000 100- 10000 1-5
Operating BFPD BFPD BFPD 30000 BFPD BFPD BFPD
Volume BFPD
Maximum 6000 BFPD 4 00 4000 BFPD 40000 >15000 30000 200 BFPD

Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023

(Weatherford 2005)
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

om
k

k
lic

lic
C

C
.c

.c
w

w
tr re tr re
.

.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

General Guidelines
Operating Positive displacement pumps Dynamic displacement
Parameters pumps Gas lift Plunger lift
Rod pump PCP Hydraulic ESP Hydraulic
Piston Jet
Operating BFPD n BFPD BFPD BFPD
Volume
Typical 100 - 350 ° 75-150’F 100 - 250 ’ 1 100 - 250 ’ 100 - 250 ° 120 ° F
Operating F F F F
Temperature [24-65 ’ C] [50 °C]
[40-177° [40- 120 °C] [40-120 °C] [40-120°
q q
Maximum 550 ° F 250 ° F 500 ° F 400 ° F 500 ° F 400 ° F 500 ° F
Operating
temperature [288 °C] [120 °C] [260 ’ C] [205 ° C] [260 °C] [205 ° C] [260 °C]
Typical 0 - 2 0 deg NA 0 - 20 deg 0 - 20 deg 0 - 5 0 deg NA
Wellbore landed landed hole angle
Deviation pump pump
Maximum 0 - 9 0 deg 0 - 9 0 deg 0 - 90 deg 0 - 90 deg 0 - 90 deg 70 deg, 80 deg
Wellbore landed short to
Deviation pump > 15 <15 <24 medium
deg 100 ft deg 100 ft deg 100 ft radius
10/13/2023

(Weatherford 2005)
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

om
k

k
lic

lic
C

C
.c

.c
w

w
tr re tr re
‫ إﻧﮭﺎ أﻓﺿل اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﺗﺣﻣﯾل‬.‫اﻟرﻓﻊ ذو اﻟﻛﺑﺎس ھو أﺣد أﺷﻛﺎل اﻟرﻓﻊ اﻻﺻطﻧﺎﻋﻲ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ ﻧزح اﻟﻣﯾﺎه ﻣن آﺑﺎر اﻟﻐﺎز‬
.

.
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k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

‫اﻟﺳﺎﺋل‬

‫ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣﻣﯾل‬.‫ﯾﺣدث ﺗﺣﻣﯾل اﻟﺳﺎﺋل ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﺣد اﻟﺳواﺋل اﻟﻣوﺟودة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﺋر ﻣن اﻟﻐﺎز اﻹﻧﺗﺎج أو إﯾﻘﺎف ﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟﻐﺎز ﺑﺷﻛل ﻛﺎﻣل‬
‫اﻟﺳﺎﺋل وﺑﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺳرﯾﻊ ﺗراﺟﻊ إﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟطﺑﯾﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﺋر اﻧﺧﻔﺎض اﻹﻧﺗﺎج اﻹﺟﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺑﺋر‬

‫ﯾرﻓﻊ اﻟﻣﻛﺑس اﻟﻣﻛﺑس ﻹزاﻟﺔ أي ﺳﺎﺋل ﻣﺗﺟﻣﻊ ﻓﯾﮫ ﺗﻌﯾد أرض اﻟﺑﺋر اﻟﺑﺋر إﻟﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺗﮫ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎز‬

‫ ﯾﺗم ﻧﺷر اﻟﻣﻛﺑس إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻔل ﻻﺳﺗرداد اﻟﺳﺎﺋل إﻟﻰ اﻟﺳطﺢ‬،‫ ﺑﻣﺟرد ﻣﻧﻊ ﺳﺑﯾﻛﺔ اﻟﻣﺎء اﻹﻧﺗﺎج‬.‫ﯾﻌﻣل رﻓﻊ اﻟﻐطﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ دورة‬

‫وھذا ﯾﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﻌودة اﻹﻧﺗﺎج وﯾظل اﻟﻣﻛﺑس ﻋﻧد ﻣﺳﺗوى أﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﺗﺷﻛل ﺳﺑﯾﻛﺔ ﻣﺎء أﺧرى‬
■LUBRICATOR CAP

PLUNGER LIFT ‫رﻓﻊ اﻟﻐطﺎس‬ DIFF. CONTROLLER

LUBRICATOR PRESS.
PLUNGER ARRIVAL
TRIP SWITCH
• Plunger lift is a form of artificial lift used to dewater gas wells. It is MOTOR VALVE
MANUAL
best used to reduce liquid loading. PLUNGER lTO
CATCHER r
SALES
\ ORIFICE
Liquid loading occurs when the liquids in a well limit the gas CASING PRESSURE
CONTROL LINE
production or stop the flow of gas completely. Liquid loading can METHOD OF
HI-10 PRESSURE
CONTROL
MEASURING
accelerate the decline of natural gas production in the well, therefore AND SHAVING
PEAK GAS
decreasing the total production of a well. FLOW RATE
FLUID LOAD
Plunger liftmses a plunger to remove any fluid that has collected in
the welLand return the well to its gas producing state. ------- GAS

• Plunger lift runs on a cycle. Once a water slug has prevent

PISTON
production, the plunger is deployed to the bottom to retrieve the fluid
to/he surface.
t his allows for production to return and the plunger remains at the BOTTOM HOLE
BUMPER SPRING
:op until another water slug has formed.
TUBING STOP OR
1 STANDING VALVE
I

Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023

 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
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PLUNGER LIFT

• Plungers may be generally classified as (1) solid or (2) bypass plungers.

• The difference is that the bypass plunger has a passage through the center of the plunger with a shifting valve that is
opened by the wellhead lubricator and is closed by the bumper spring when it reaches the bottom. The passage
through the plunger allows the plunger to fall faster, thus reducing its chances of sticking in the tubing.
• Bypass plungers may sometimes fail because of bending of the valve push rod as the plunger strikes the lubricator,
particularly if the plunger surfaces dry with a high velocity.
• Solid plungers, or plungers with the bypass valve removed and the bottom plugged, are generally satisfactory for
intermitting wells that have shutting times sufficient for the plunger to fall to bottom (allow about 2 rin/1,000 ft in
gas and 1 min/100 ft in liquid).

‫( اﻟﻐطﺎﺳﺎت اﻻﻟﺗﻔﺎﻓﯾﺔ‬2) ‫( اﻟﻐطﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ أو‬1) ‫ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻟﻐطﺎﺳﺎت ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم إﻟﻰ‬.

‫اﻟﻔرق ھو أن اﻟﻣﻛﺑس اﻻﻟﺗﻔﺎﻓﻲ ﻟدﯾﮫ ﻣﻣر ﻋﺑر ﻣرﻛز اﻟﻣﻛﺑس ﺑﺻﻣﺎم ﻣﺗﺣرك ﯾﺗم ﻓﺗﺣﮫ ﺑواﺳطﺔ أداة ﺗﺷﺣﯾم رأس اﻟﺑﺋر وﯾﺗم إﻏﻼﻗﮫ ﺑواﺳطﺔ اﻟزﻧﺑرك‬
‫ ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﻘﻠل ﻣن ﻓرص اﻟﺗﺻﺎﻗﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻧﺑوب‬،‫ اﻟﻣﻣر ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﻣﻛﺑس ﯾﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺑس ﺑﺎﻟﺳﻘوط ﺑﺷﻛل أﺳرع‬.‫اﻟواﻗﻲ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺻل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎع‬

‫ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ إذا ﻛﺎﻧت أﺳطﺢ‬،‫ﻗد ﺗﻔﺷل اﻟﻐطﺎﺳﺎت اﻻﻟﺗﻔﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻷﺣﯾﺎن ﺑﺳﺑب اﻧﺣﻧﺎء ﻗﺿﯾب دﻓﻊ اﻟﺻﻣﺎم ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﯾﺿرب اﻟﻣﻛﺑس ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺗﺷﺣﯾم‬
Sajjad Jameel 2023
‫ﺑﺳرﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬10/13/2023
‫اﻟﻣﻛﺑس ﺟﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫ ﺗﻌﺗﺑر ﻣرﺿﯾﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم‬،‫ أو اﻟﻐطﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﻊ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺻﻣﺎم اﻻﻟﺗﻔﺎﻓﻲ وﺗوﺻﯾل اﻟﺟزء اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻐطﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ‬
‫ ﻗدم ﻣن‬100 / ‫ دﻗﯾﻘﺔ‬1‫ ﻗدم ﻣن اﻟﻐﺎز و‬1000 / ‫ رﯾن‬2 ‫اﻵﺑﺎر اﻟﻣﺗﻘطﻌﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﻟدﯾﮭﺎ أوﻗﺎت إﻏﻼق ﻛﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﻟﺳﻘوط اﻟﻣﻛﺑس إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎع )ﺗﺳﻣﺢ ﺑﺣواﻟﻲ‬
‫)اﻟﺳﺎﺋل‬.
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

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C

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.

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PLUNGER LIFT

The electronic controller sits at the surface and determines

when to open and close the control valve based on control
parameters.
‫وﺣدة اﻟﺗﺣﻛم اﻹﻟﻛﺗروﻧﯾﺔ ﺗﺟﻠس ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺳطﺢ وﺗﺣدد‬
‫ﻣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗم ﻓﺗﺢ وإﻏﻼق ﺻﻣﺎم اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﺑﻧﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﺣﻛم‬
‫ﺣدود‬.
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

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C

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• ‫ﯾﻣﺗص ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺗﺷﺣﯾم ﺻدﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﻛﺑس ﻋﻧد وﺻوﻟﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺳطﺢ ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﯾﻣﺳك اﻟﻣﺎﺳك اﻟﻣﻛﺑس ﺑﺎﻟداﺧل ﻣﻛﺎن ﺣﺗﻰ ﻧﺷره اﻟﻣﻘﺑل‬
• ‫ ﺟﮭﺎز ﻻﻟﺗﻘﺎط‬2 ،‫( زﻧﺑرك ﻣﻣﺗص ﻟﻠﺻدﻣﺎت وﻟوﺣﺔ ﻣﮭﺎﺟم ﻣﺛﺑﺗﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬1) :‫ﯾﺣﺗوي ﺟﮭﺎز اﻟﺗﺷﺣﯾم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﻧﺎﺻر أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻛﺑس‬

Plunger Lift: Lubricator/Catcher ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺳك‬/‫ أداة اﻟﺗﺷﺣﯾم‬:‫رﻓﻊ اﻟﻐطﺎس‬

• The lubricator absorbs the shock of the plunger as it arrives at the surface while the catcher holds the plunger in
place until its next deployment.
• The lubricator contains three essential elements: (1) a shock-absorbing spring and striker plate mounted in the top,
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

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C

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‫ ﯾﻣﺗص‬.‫ﯾﺗم ﺗﺛﺑﯾت اﻟزﻧﺑرك اﻟواﻗﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺟزء اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ ﻣن اﻟﺧﯾط ﻋﻧد ﻣﺣطﺔ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب‬
‫اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﻛﺑس ﻋﻧد وﺻوﻟﮫ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺟزء اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ ﻣن اﻷﻧﺑوب ﻟﻣﻧﻊ اﻟﺿرر‬
‫ﻓواﺋد‬
1 . ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻘر وﯾﺣﺳن اﻹﻧﺗﺎج‬
2. ‫اﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ‬
3. ‫اﻟﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬

Plunger Lift: Bumper Spring

The bumper spring is attached at the bottom of the string at the tubing stop. It absorbs the shock of the
plunger as it arrives at the bottom of the tubing to prevent damage.
Benefits
1. Stabilizes and improves production
2. Economical
3. Safety

Limitations
(Liquid / Gas Content
2. Flow Stream Content
J U p t o 100 BBLS / D
High sand production, extreme paraffin content, excessive
J 400 scf / BBL / 1000 Ft of Lift
hydrates, low gravity crude oil
■S Lift pressure at least 2X Liquid load
J Insufficient gas volume or pressure 3. Mechanical Configuration
Flow line restrictions & Holes in tubing
Variations in tubing ID Difficult to operate with small tubing II
Packer requires higher GLR
Bottom hole spring set at less than 50-degree deviation.
Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023
2. ‫ﻣﺣﺗوى ﺗدﻓﻖ اﻟﺗدﻓﻖ‬
‫ ﻣﻔرط‬،‫ ﻣﺣﺗوى ﺷدﯾد ﻣن اﻟﺑﺎراﻓﯾن‬،‫إﻧﺗﺎج رﻣل ﻣرﺗﻔﻊ‬
‫ اﻟﻧﻔط اﻟﺧﺎم ﻣﻧﺧﻔض اﻟﺟﺎذﺑﯾﺔ‬،‫ھﯾدرات‬

3. ‫اﻟﺗﻛوﯾن اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﻲ‬
‫ﻗﯾود ﺧط اﻟﺗدﻓﻖ واﻟﺛﻘوب ﻓﻲ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب‬
‫ ﻣن اﻟﺻﻌب اﻟﻌﻣل ﻣﻊ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة‬:‫ اﻻﺧﺗﻼﻓﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌرف اﻷﻧﺎﺑﯾب‬II
‫ ﺑﺎﻛر ﯾﺗطﻠب‬GLR ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ درﺟﺔ‬50 ‫ﺗم ﺿﺑط زﻧﺑرك اﻟﺛﻘب اﻟﺳﻔﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺣراف أﻗل ﻣن‬.
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

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k

k
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C

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.c

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tr re tr re
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k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

‫ ﺗﻘوم اﻷﻧظﻣﺔ اﻟﮭﯾدروﻟﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﺑﻧﻘل اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺳﻔل اﻟﺑﺋر‬،‫وﻣن ﺧﻼل ﺿﻐط "ﺳﺎﺋل اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ" اﻟﺧﺎص‬.

‫ واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﻘل‬،‫ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾﺗم ﻧﻘل اﻟﻧﻔط اﻟﻣﻛرر أو اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ اﻟﺧﻔﯾف ﻋﺑر أﻧﺎﺑﯾب اﻵﺑﺎر إﻟﻰ ﻣﺿﺧﺔ ﺗﺣت اﻟﺳطﺢ‬
‫اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﺎﻣﻧﺔ )اﻟرﻓﻊ( ﻹﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﺳواﺋل‬.

Hydraulic Pumps ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎت اﻟﮭﯾدروﻟﯾﻛﯾﺔ‬

• By pressurizing a special 'power fluid', hydraulic systems transfer energy down hole.
• Light refined or produced oil is usually flown through well tubing to a subsurface pump, which transmits
potential energy (lift) to produce fluids.

There Three types of Hydraulic Pumps:

1. Hydraulic jet Pumps
2- Piston pump
3 -Turbine pump ‫ھﻧﺎك ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧواع ﻣن اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎت اﻟﮭﯾدروﻟﯾﻛﯾﺔ‬:
1. ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎت اﻟﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ اﻟﮭﯾدروﻟﯾﻛﯾﺔ‬ Tubing

2- ‫ﻣﺿﺧﺔ اﻟﻣﻛﺑس‬ Hydraulic jet Pumps

3- ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺔ اﻟﺗورﺑﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬
Downhole Pump

Standing Valve

Sajjad Jameel 2023 13/2023

 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
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k

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C

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.c

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k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

Hydraulic Jet pumps ‫اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎت اﻟﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ اﻟﮭﯾدروﻟﯾﻛﯾﺔ‬

Hydraulic Jet Pumping
• Jet pumps are down hole pumps used to improve production from Single Vessel System
declining wells.
• It is very benefit in high viscosity of oil wells where blending with
a light power fluid can help in the processing of heavy crudes.
J Very simple method.
V It has the biggest depth application range.
V The use .of a light oil as the power fluid makes this a very
interesting method for high viscosity fluids.
V Requires an injection of 5 to 7 times the volume of liquid produced
V No moving parts, applicable to deviated and crooked wells
y Pump can be back-circulated to the surface

‫<اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎت اﻟﻧﻔﺎﺛﺔ ھﻲ ﻣﺿﺧﺎت أﺳﻔل اﻟﺣﻔرة ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺗﺣﺳﯾن اﻹﻧﺗﺎج ﻣﻧﮭﺎ اﻵﺑﺎر اﻟﻣﺗﻧﺎﻗﺻﺔ‬
‫ًا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠزوﺟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻵﺑﺎر اﻟﻧﻔط ﻋﻧد اﻟﻣزج ﻣﻌﮭﺎ ﯾﻣﻛن ﻟﺳﺎﺋل اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺧﻔﯾف أن ﯾﺳﺎﻋد ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺛﻘﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫<إﻧﮫ ﻣﻔﯾد ﺟد‬
Sajjad Jameel 2023 < ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ ﺑﺳﯾطﺔ ﺟدا‬. 10/13/2023

< ‫ﻟدﯾﮭﺎ أﻛﺑر ﻧطﺎق ﺗطﺑﯾﻖ ﻋﻣﻖ‬.

< ‫أﻣرا ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻷھﻣﯾﺔ طرﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﺛﯾرة ﻟﻼھﺗﻣﺎم ﻟﻠﺳواﺋل ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﻠزوﺟﺔ‬ ً ‫إن اﺳﺗﺧدام زﯾت ﺧﻔﯾف ﻛﺳواﺋل ﻟﻠطﺎﻗﺔ ﯾﺟﻌل ھذا اﻷﻣر‬
< ‫ أﺿﻌﺎف ﺣﺟم اﻟﺳﺎﺋل اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ‬7 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬5 ‫ﯾﺗطﻠب ﺣﻘﻧﺔ ﻣن‬
< ‫ ﺗﻧطﺑﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺑﺎر اﻟﻣﻧﺣرﻓﺔ واﻟﻣﻠﺗوﯾﺔ‬،‫ﻻ ﺗوﺟد أﺟزاء ﻣﺗﺣرﻛﺔ‬
‫<ﯾﻣﻛن إﻋﺎدة ﺗدوﯾر اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺳطﺢ‬
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

om
k

k
lic

lic
C

C
.c

.c
w

w
tr re tr re
.

.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

‫ اﻟﻘدرة ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟك‬:‫ اﻟﺗﺟﺎوﯾف اﻟﻣﺧﺗوﻣﺔ وأوﺟﮫ اﻟﺗﺷﺎﺑﮫ اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾﻠﯾﺔ ﻣﺛل‬،‫ﺗﺗﻣﯾز اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎت اﻟﻣﺟوﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﺗﻘدﻣﺔ ﺑﺧﺻﺎﺋص ﻣﺷﺎﺑﮭﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻛﺑس اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺔ‬
‫ واﻟﻛﺷف ﻋن ﺗﺄﺛﯾر ﻟﯾﻛون اﻟﻧزوح اﻹﯾﺟﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺣﺗﺔ‬،‫ ﺣﺗﻰ ﻟﺿﻐوط ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬،‫ﺿﺦ ﺑﻣﻌدﻻت ﻣﻧﺧﻔﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬

‫ ﻟﺗطﺑﯾﻘﺎت اﻹﻧﺗﺎج واﻟﺣﻘن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺷﺎرﯾﻊ اﻟﻔﯾﺿﺎﻧﺎت‬،‫ﺗُﺳﺗﺧدم اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎت اﻟﺣﻠزوﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻼﻣرﻛزﯾﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﻟﻧزح اﻟﻣﯾﺎه ﻣن طﺑﻘﺔ اﻟﻔﺣم آﺑﺎر ﻏﺎز اﻟﻣﯾﺛﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ وإﻧﺗﺎج اﻟﻧﻔط اﻟﺛﻘﯾل أو ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﺻﻼﺑﺔ‬

،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟك‬.‫ﻓﮭﻲ ﻣﺗﻌددة اﻻﺳﺗﺧداﻣﺎت وﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم وﻣﻣﺗﺎزة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل ﻣﻌﮭﺎ اﻟﺳواﺋل اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻣواد اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ‬
‫ ﻻ ﯾﺗم اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻵﺑﺎر اﻟﻌﻣﯾﻘﺔ‬،‫ﺑﺳﺑب اﻻﻟﺗواﺋﯾﺔ اﻟﺿﻐوط اﻟﻣوﺿوﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﺳل اﻟﻘﺿﺑﺎن وﻗﯾود درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺟزء اﻟﺛﺎﺑت اﻟﻠداﺋن‬

Progressing Cavity Pumps ‫ﺗﻘدم اﻟﻣﺿﺧﺎت اﻟﺗﺟوﯾف‬

• Progressing Cavity Pumps have similar characteristics of a Piston

Pump, sealed cavities and operational similarities such as: being able to
pump at extremely low rates, even to high pressures, and revealing the
effect to be purely positive displacement.
• Progressive cavity pumps are commonly used for dewatering coal bed
methane gas wells, for production and injection applications in
waterflood projects and for producing heavy or high-solids oil.
• They are versatile, generally very efficient, and excellent for handling
/fluids with high solids content. However, because of the torsional
/ stresses placed on rod strings and temperature limitations on the stator
/ elastomers, they are not used in deeper wells.

Sajjad Jameel 2023

10/13/2023
 hange E hange E
XC di XC di
F- t F- t
PD

PD
or

or
!

!
W

W
O

O
N

N
Y

Y
U

U
B

B
to

to
ww

ww
om

om
k

k
lic

lic
C

C
.c

.c
w

w
tr re tr re
.

.
ac ac
k e r- s o ft w a k e r- s o ft w a

Progressing Cavity Pumps

Advantages of PCP Disadvantages of PCP

• 1. Simple design 1.High Starting Torque

• 2.High volumetric efficiency Efficient design for gas
2. Fluid compatibility problems with elastomers in direct
anchors available
contact with aromatic crude oils
• 3. High energy efficiency
• 4.Emulsions not formed due to low shear pumping 3. Gas dissolves in the elastomers, at high bottom hole
action pressure

• 5. Capable of pumping viscous crude oils 1. ‫ﻋزم اﻟدوران اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ‬

2. ‫ﻣﺷﺎﻛل ﺗواﻓﻖ اﻟﺳواﺋل ﻣﻊ اﻟﻠداﺋن ﺑﺷﻛل ﻣﺑﺎﺷر ﻣﻼﻣﺳﺔ‬
• 1 . ‫ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﺑﺳﯾط‬ ‫اﻟزﯾوت اﻟﺧﺎم اﻟﻌطرﯾﺔ‬
• 2. ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة ﺣﺟﻣﯾﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﺗﺻﻣﯾم ﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﻐﺎز اﻟﻣراﺳﻲ اﻟﻣﺗﺎﺣﺔ‬ 3. ‫ﯾذوب اﻟﻐﺎز ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠداﺋن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﻔرة اﻟﺳﻔﻠﯾﺔ اﻟﻣرﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺿﻐط‬
• 3. ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة ﻋﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ‬
• 4. ‫ﻋدم ﺗﺷﻛل اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﻠﺑﺎت ﺑﺳﺑب اﻧﺧﻔﺎض ﺿﺦ اﻟﻘص ﻓﻌل‬
Sajjad Jameel 2023 10/13/2023
• 5. ‫ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺦ اﻟزﯾوت اﻟﺧﺎم اﻟﻠزﺟﺔ‬