01-2008

Tuition

Training & Translations

Newsletter 2008

CONFUSABLE WORDS: office - bureau An office is a room, a set of rooms, or a whole building where people do professional work, for example administration or computing. Dominic wants to see you in his office. I was alone in the office when Mark Rutland came in. a massive program for the insulation of houses, factories and offices. Bureau is used, especially in the United States of America, in the names of organizations that deal with collecting or giving information. She worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs on a reservation in Arizona. You can ask the Citizens Advice Bureau if you need help with the letter. In Britain, bureau is also used in the names of organizations that introduce people to each other. For example, an employment bureau is where employers can find temporary staff. Freelance Work for Women Bureau was started by a married woman who needed a job. The first marriage bureau specifically aimed at young black professionals. In American English, a bureau is also a branch of an organization which has its headquarters in a different city or country. Luce was infuriated to hear from his Washing ton bureau what Marshall really thought. In British English, a bureau is also a writing desk with shelves and drawers, and a lid that opens to form the writing surface. URLs Recomendados: The List of Economics Journals: http://netec.wustl.edu/WebEc/journals.html

http://smr.mit.edu/ http://harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu Vocabulary Exercise Financing Needs 1. To transact: tratar, negociar: to transact business with sib., hacer negocios con alguien -> transaction 2. Cash flow: flujo de efectivo. La definicin americana tambin incluye las entradas y salidas correspondientes a inversiones o a operaciones financieras. 3. To support: sostener, apoyar 2. sustentar, respaldar (teora, proyecto de ley) supporting document, comprobante, documento justificativo.3. mantener (econmicamente a alguien) 4. permitir la utilizacin de (inform). 4. Sale: venta. Sales: 1. ventas 2. rebajas 3. (EU) = sales revenue, turnover, volumen de ventas. Por lo tanto, sales expenses = operating costs, running costs/expenses. 5. To secure: 1. poner (a alguien o algo) bajo condiciones de seguridad 2. fijar, amarrar (una carga) 3. obtener: to secure sth for sb, conseguir algo para alguien 4. garantizar, procurar (jur.) to secure a loan, garantizar un prstamo. 6. To involve: comprometer, involucrar, mezclar: to involve sb in sth, involucrar a alguien en algo 2. suponer, implicar = to entail: traer consigo,ocasionar (gastos) suponer (dificultades) implicar (lgica). 7. To revolve: 1. (v.t.) hacer girar, dar vueltas (objeto, idea en la cabeza) 2. (v.i.) girar (objeto, Tierra).
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

8. Outset: comienzo, inicio. 9. To entitle: autorizar, habilitar: to entitle s.f. to sth, autorizar a alguien para algo, to entitle s.f. to do sth, darle el derecho a alguien de hacer algo. 10. To peg: fijar, fijar con clavijas 2. controlar (precio) estabilizar (mercado), vincular: to peg prices to sth, vincular los precios a algo. 11. Tasa preferencial o bonificada: El estado disminuye la carga financiera de algunos prstamos, ayudndole al organismo prestamista a otorgar prstamos con una tasa inferior a la practicada en el mercado. 12. Lead time: plazo de fabricacin y en general cualquier plazo a futuro; to lead, llevar, conducir, guiar. 13. To relieve: 1. socorrer, auxiliar 2. aliviar, liberar (s.f. of a problem, a alguien de un problema), librar (s.f. from an obligation, a alguien de una obligacin) 3. relevar 4. destituir (separar a alguien de su puesto).

02-2008
CONFUSABLE WORDS: except except for unless besides Except is normally followed by a noun group. You use except with a statement to introduce the only things, people, or ideas that your statement does not apply to. In the example below, the only thing that dosed not relax was the persons right hand All of his body relaxed except his right hand. Except can also be followed by prepositional phrases and clauses of time, place, and manner. The hot weather had made traveling impossible except in the cool of the morning before the sun rose. We led almost completely separate existences, except hen we came together to climb. You use except for in front of a noun group when you are mentioning something that prevents a statement from being completely true. The classrooms were silent, except for the busy scratching of pens on paper. I had absolutely no friends except for Tom. Unless is a conjunction and is followed by a clause. You use unless to introduce the circumstances in which something will not take place or is not true. In the first example bellow the statement there was something wrong with Louise would not be true if the speaker had made a mistake. Otherwise it would be true. Unless I was mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise. In the 1940s and 1950s a woman was not properly dressed unless she wore gloves. You must not give compliments unless you mean them. You use besides to introduce further things in addition to those you are mentioning. Soft fruit will give you, besides a lot of pleasure, a source of vitamins. However, if you talk about the only person besides me , or the only thing besides that you are referring to the only other person or thing in a particular situation or contest. He was now the only person besides Gertrude herself who regularly talked to Guy. URLs Recomendados: http://www.forbes.com/

Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

http://www.buenosairesherald.com/ http://news.ft.com/home/us/ Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: to enter: (v.t.) 1. entrar a (un cuarto, el ejrcito) inscribirse en (Universidad, concurso) 2. inscribir, registrar, entrar 3. (v.i.) to enter into sth: entablar (una conversacin) concertar (un acuerdo), celebrar (un contrato). subsidiary (company): subsidiaria, filial # branch (office): sucursal (que jurdicamente formar parte de la sociedad que la crea; subsidy: subvencin, prima, subsidio (para permitir la venta a un precio competitivo o mantener una actividad econmica no rentable). joint venturing; to venture: atreverse a, arriesgar, aventurarse. Joint venture: negocio conjunto, empresa de participacin conjunta, filial; asociacin entre varias personas o sociedades que puede revestir diversas formas jurdicas, para llevar a cabo un proyecto comn. En particular, se dice de la alianza que realizan dos o ms empresas para crear una filial explotada en comn. Ownership (derecho) de propiedad, participacin en una empresa, control. Equity: 1. equidad 2. parte del capital que es retenida. To have an equity in sth, tener intereses en 3. acciones ordinarias (de una empresa). Corporation (EU) = company (GB y EU) : sociedad o asociacin/ # society sociedad o asociacin no lucrativa (EU: not- for profit corporation), pero corporation (GB): organismo pblico o semipblico Research (generalmente en sg) investigacin (cientfica,etc.) # search: bsqueda: in search of , en busca de 2. registro. to hedge against: protegerse de (un riesgo), ponerse a cubierto, es decir, contrabalancear la venta de otro para compensar los efectos de la fluctuacin de los valores cambiarios; hedge: cobertura del riesgo cambiario # coverage: cobertura (seguro) formulae o formulas: plural de formula, frmula. rate: 1. proporcin, tasa 2. tipo de cambio, tarifa. 3. velocidad: the rate of industrial change, el ritmo del cambio industrial 4. categora: first-rate, de primera categora 5. rates (GB): impuesto municipal. policy: 1. poltica (de un gobierno) lnea de conducta/de accin: a firms policy, la estrategia de una empresa; their economic policy, su poltica econmica 2. pliza de seguro # politics: poltica (ciencia o actividad): to go into politics, lanzarse a la politica; to talk politics, hablar de poltica. to be willing to do: querer/estar dispuesto a hacer.

03-2008
CONFUSABLE WORDS: still yet - already If you say that something is still happening or is still true, you mean that is has been happening or it has been true since some time in the past, and that it continues to happen or be true. Still is often used to add emphasis, or to suggest that something is surprising. She was still looking at me. There are still plenty or horses round here. An hour passed, two, and still she slept on. You use yet in negative sentences and in questions. If you say that something has not
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

happened yet, you mean that is has not happened at the time you speak. Yet is often used to add emphasis, or to suggest that it is surprising that something has not happened, or that it is likely to happen later. Why should I die? Im not eighty yet. The troops could not yet see the misty shores of Normandy. It isnt dark yet. If you ask if something has happened yet, you want to know if it has happened at the time you speak. In British English you use the present perfect tense for these questions. Have you told her about her father yet? Have you done that yet? In American English, you can also use the past simple tense for these questions. For example, some Americans say Did he do it yet? Rather Has he done it yet? If you say that something has already happened, you mean that it has happened before the time at which you are speaking. Already is often used to add emphasis or to suggest that it is surprising that something has happened, or that you expected it to happen later. The field beyond the orchard had already been sown with barley. He had shaved already before dinner, bit now he went over his chin a second time. Lesse and Maury were already eating. URLs Recomendados: Google es una empresa formidable. Aplican un concepto de "riqueza social" que consiste en devolver a la comunidad, la informacin organizada. Ya hemos hablado de los "mapas" de Google y ahora sumamos dos de sus servicios adicionales: - Mapas y Guas de la Tierra: Este es un programa que se puede instalar en el propio equipo y hay versiones gratis y otras -ms completas- de pago. La gratuita es maravillosa. http://earth.google.com/ - Mapas y Fotos de la Luna: Y para no quedarnos slo en la Tierra, en este sitio podemos visitar la luna, ms concretamente los sitios en donde alunizaron las diferentes misiones espaciales (con algunas sorpresitas que no revelar en este momento). http://moon.google.com/

Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: Necesidades de financiamiento A. Fill in the Blanks: 1. A firm often usescredit to improve its cash.. 2. Pegged rate credit offers a rate of interest. 3. Firms can engage in indirect foreign investment by .. .. . 4. Selling .. is one way to protect the firm from exchange rate . B. Multiple Choice: 1.Pre-financing credit can be subdivided into: a) pegged b) special c) revolving d) b&c only e) all the above. 2. Direct Foreign Investment includes which of the following: a) licensing b) contract manufacturing

Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

c) joint ownership d) none of the above e) all the above. 3. When a bank aggress to provide an exporter with an exchange rate that he will receive when a contract is entered into, it is called: a) hedging risk b) buying forward c) selling forward d) loan provision 4. Pre-financing credit may allow a firm to borrow up to .. of this monthly cash needs: a) 80% b) 90% c) 100% d) 50% e) 75% C. Translate: 1. (El) debe haber estudiado la situacin de su flujo de efectivo. 2. Otorgamos crditos. 3. Este crdito nos permitir lanzar la fabricacin de estos productos. 4. Hace cunto tiempo que ( ellos) fundaron una subsidiaria en los Estados Unidos? 5. (Usted) le vender a su banco por anticipado las divisas recibidas del importador. Answers: A. 1. Pre-financing, flow 2. guaranteed 3. joint venturing 4. forward, fluctuations B. 1. e 2. d 3. c 4. b C. 1. He must have reviewed his cash flow position. 2. We extend loans. 3. This credit will allow us to start manufacturing these products. 4. How long ago did they establish ( set up) a subsidiary in the US? 5. You will sell forward to your bank the foreign currency received from the importer. El espaol aspira a suplantar al ingls en negocios - La Prensa Diez aos es el plazo en el que el espaol aspira a convertirse en la segunda lengua de intercambio econmico del planeta, desplazando al ingls en nmero de hablantes nativos. Es una de las proyecciones de uno de los proyectos de investigacin lingstica ms ambiciosos emprendidos en Espaa, El valor econmico del espaol. El plan es financiado por la Fundacin Telefnica y con el apoyo de la Academia de la Lengua, el Instituto Elcano, la Secretara General Iberoamericana, el Instituto Cervantes y el Ministerio de Cultura, cuyos mximos representantes auspiciaron la presentacin de los trabajos que coordina Jos Luis Garca Delgado. Esta iniciativa ha producido ya sus dos primeros frutos: Economa del espaol, una introduccin de los profesores Garca Delgado, Jos Antonio Alonso y Juan Carlos Jimnez, y Atlas de la lengua espaola en el mundo, de Francisco Moreno y Jaime Otero,
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

trabajos que pretenden sentar las bases metodolgicas para un anlisis veraz del peso econmico del idioma y de su alcance como vehculo de prosperidad en el futuro, a travs fundamentalmente de las nuevas tecnologas de la informacin. Un dato revelador: si Latinoamrica tuviera una tasa de lneas de telfono similar a Europa, la presencia del espaol en la red casi se multiplicara por tres. La necesidad de tan cauteloso arranque qued clara en la intervencin del director de la Academia, Vctor Garca de la Concha, quien tuvo palabras de recuerdo para el pionero ngel Martn Municio, que fuera presidente de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fsicas y Naturales, vicedirector de la de la Lengua y autor del primer estudio sobre el impacto del espaol, sosteniendo que ascenda a un 14% del producto interno bruto. Garca de la Concha se congratul del presente esfuerzo de rigor, que concluir en los prximos 15 meses -con la publicacin de diez libros-, pues se trata de un rea en la que menudean datos hinchados. Hizo honor a ese rigor el director del proyecto, Jos Luis Garca Delgado, hablando en su intervencin de la necesidad de poner al da el trabajo de los pioneros y sentar unas bases estadsticas y conceptuales slidas sobre las que sustentar los estudios que irn publicndose durante los prximos meses y que debern dilucidar en qu medida el espaol, como seal el ministro de Cultura, Csar Antonio Molina, es una autntica empresa multinacional. Las cifras - 399 millones de personas hablan espaol como lengua nativa. 9.8% es el crecimiento del nmero de hablantes nativos en ocho aos, ritmo solo inferior, entre grandes lenguas, al del rabe. - 90.8% de los habitantes de pases de habla hispana son hablantes nativos de espaol, un porcentaje muy superior al del francs (20.9%) o el ingls (19.3%). - 170% aumentara la presencia del espaol en internet si Latinoamrica tuviera un nmero de internautas similar al que tiene Europa.

04-2008
CONFUSABLE WORDS: comment, mention, remark If you comment on a situation , or make a comment about it, you give your opinion on it. You may express a careful thought, or you may just say a few words. He knew his father expected him to comment on the meal. It s going to be pretty cold if you have to stay there all night he commented. I ll believe it when I see it, was Mrs. Pringles comment . If you mention something, you say it, but you do not spend very long talking about it. You have usually not been discussing it before. She casually mentioned: I thought I had something of interest for you. Johnny mentioned that he might be in New York right after the holidays. If you remark on something, or make a remark about it, you say what you think or have noticed about it, often in a casual or informal way. Visitors generally remark on how well the children look. Mr. Nixon hastened to remark that he was not against television. Gerald Sutton s first remark was: Your pals have found you. URLs Recomendados: TELLING TIME - The Human Clock (http://www.humanclock.com/?s=1) Click here to see what time it is. With each passing minute, you get a new image ranging from shots of a person (or group of people) holding up a sign ("4:17") to inanimate objects arranged or labeled to convey the relevant information (license plates, household address shingles). You can keep things going in a smaller window on your desktop by clicking "gimme a cute window." Visitors are strongly encouraged to submit a photo provided they follow the do's and don'ts, as in, please don't submit pictures of license plates, they have too many already.
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

TECHNOLOGY - Digg (http://digg.com/) At this "social news" site the users, rather than a computer algorithm, determine how important or interesting the stories are, and Digg posts them on the homepage accordingly. The articles are tagged with number of "diggs," or thumbs-up by readers. View the tag "cloud" to see which stories are gaining traction (the headline appears bigger). And don't miss the new Digg Labs page, offering two visual alternatives to displaying the same info: one is called Swarm , the other Stack. For a tight and jaunty summary of the week's best blog posts and news articles, visit the Rojo Blog. Want to go deeper? TechCrunch reports new website launches and covers emerging Web technologies with an eye on what actually might be ready for, and useful to, consumers. PUBLIC COMPANIES - Footnoted (http://www.footnoted.org/) Here Michelle Leder, a business journalist since the late 80s, consumes public filings and other corporate statements then spits back the meatiest, tastiest bits for finance types to feast on. Written for a knowledgeable audience (the kind that knows "SOX" is short for the Sarbanes-Oxley, not a baseball team), it manages a conversational tone while serving up the good stuff. Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: Vocabulario sobre Finanzas y formas de pago: 01- capital: Capital, fondos 02- account receivable o receivable ( abrev. A/R ): cuenta por cobrar, cuenta deudora, deuda por cobrar, deuda active, deuda que le deben a uno # account payable . 03- note: 1. nota, anotacin, memorndum 2.factura, bono, vale: credit note, nota de crdito 3. billete (dinero) 04. pagar: notes receivable, documentos por cobrara. Pagar : ttulo de crdito en el que el suscriptor se compromete a pagar al beneficiario una suma convenida o a la vista o en una fecha determinada. 04- to replenish : abastecer, reponer ( existencias), llenar de nuevo ( vaso). 05- against : (fin) para, mediante: to issue a ticket against a payment of $ , emitir un boleto mediante el pago de $ = on (foreign notes). 06- Cuentas por cobrar en el extranjero, efectivas despus de la entrega de la mercanca o ejecucin de la obra. 07- income: 1.ingreso : taxable income, ingreso sujeto a impuestos 2.producto = proceeds ( ver notas 11 y 13, p.54) 3.beneficio(s) ( de una empresa) 08- to substitute sth for sth else: sustituir algo por otra cosa. 09- to effect : 1.efectuar, realizar, llevar a cabo: to effect / make a cash payment, realizar un pago en efectivo 2.producir, causar. 10- extensive : 1.vasto profundo, considerable, de una gran amplitud 2. frecuente ( empleo) 3. ( agricultura) extensivo; aqu = comprehensive ( ver nota 12,p.16) 11- to submit: someter, presentar # to subject : someter, dominar. 12- to supplement: 1. aumentar, complementar (ingresos) 2. aadir a, completar ( un libro, un conocimiento). 13- Es lo que suele exigir una sociedad o compaa de factoraje. 14- to roll ver: dar una vuelta, darse la vuelta; rollo ver credit, crdito en condiciones variables, renovable cada seis meses o anualmente # crdito de prefinanciamiento revolvente ( ver p.61). 15- to tie up: bloquear, atar, inmovilizar ( a alguien, capital ).

05-2008
CONFUSABLE WORDS: border, boundary, frontier A border is a line that separates two countries or other political regions such as states or counties. Stanley wanted to spend the night across the Florida border. his parents crumbling ancestral home somewhere on the Welsh border. So, legally or illegally, they crossed the border.
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

A boundary is a line that separates any two areas, for example towns, farms or countries. Matthews showed us a fine old hedge which once marked the parish boundary. In international law, three miles is generally taken to be the boundary of a countrys airspace. You refer to a border as a frontier when it is guarded and separates countries which have different political systems or are in dispute about something. Military activity on the frontier diverted troops from their internal security role. I have to get off the train at the frontier and cross on foot between the guard posts. A frontier can also be a limit beyond which nobody has explored or established political rights. Space will not be the last frontier, it will simply be the next frontier. URLs Recomendados: para los mas chiquitos de casa Karaoke On line!! Turn your home computer into a karaoke machine with these fun, sing-along sites. All you need is an Internet connection and your multimedia computer. And although you can sing without it, a microphone connected to your sound card completes the transformation. - Kiddy Karaoke Song Corner: http://www.geocities.com/EnchantedForest/Cottage/3192/ "Ants on the apple. A, A, A." Kiddy Karaoke offers twenty-six illustrated alphabet songs to the tune of "Skip to My Lou" and a nice selection of other childhood favorites arranged alphabetically. To enter, chose either Phonic Sing-Along, or Song Menu. This popular GeoCities site is occasionally the victim of its own success, and is unavailable because it has exceeded its data transfer limit. If this happens to you, just remember to try again later. - Kididdles: Musical Mouseum Song Lyrics: http://www.kididdles.com/lyrics/ "Hi! I'm MoJo, and this is my Musical Mouseum -- a place where you can find the lyrics to your favorite kids' songs!" Lyrics are arranged both alphabetically and by category, and for those songs marked with a musical note icon, the Mouseum includes a MIDI too. Categories include traditional, silly, lullabies, action, finger plays, food, and lots of holiday songs. If you know just a snippet of the lyrics, but not the title, try the Song Search tool. - Lidwina's Disney Song Collection: http://www.geocities.com/lidwina_sutantyo/selectmovie.htm "Cruella De Vil, Cruella De Vil. If she doesn't scare you no evil thing will." Lidwina's collection of 120 Disney melodies and lyrics is sure to keep you singing for hours. From "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" from the 1933 "Three Little Pigs," to four selections from the 1999 "Tarzan" movie, this site is a wonderful romp through more than seventy years of Disney songs. The songs are in standard MIDI format. To view the lyrics while playing the songs, I suggest right-clicking on the MIDI links and opening them in a new window. Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: Vocabulario sobre Finanzas y Formas de pago: 1. bond: 1. lazo, vinculo 2. compromiso: to enter into a bond to do sth, comprometerse a hacer algo 3. obligacin: mortgage bond, cdula hipotecaria 4. fianza, garanta 5.(aduana) almacenamiento, depsito. 2. security: 1. fianza, garanta: bid security, fianza de licitacin 2. fiador: to stand security for sb, ser fiador de, garantizar a 3. securities: valores (bolsa). 3. to underwrite: 1. sustentar (una decisin) 2. apoyar (econmicamente) 3. garantizar, suscribir (una emisin) 4. suscribir (bonos) 5. (seguros) suscribir, asegurar (de nuevo) 4. commitment: compromiso, promesa; to commit oneself to sth/to do/ to doing, comprometerse con alguien por algo. 5. to indemnify sb. for sth : indemnizar a alguien por algo. 6. lump: trozo, pedazo (grande) lump sum, cantidad global (pagada de una sola vez),
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

precio global. 7. to require: 1. necesitar 2.exigir, reclamar: to require sth of sb, exigirle algo a alguien 8. draft: 1.borrador, boceto: draft contract, proyecto de contrato 2. letra, giro: banker s draft. Cheque bancario; to draft, hacer un borrador, prepara ( un proyecto) 3. redactar ( un contrato, un acta). 9. deed: 1. accin: brave deed, hazaa 2. acta (notarial), contrato, escritura: private deed, escritura sin legalizar, deed of partnership, contrato de sociedad. 10. to build up inventory: note la ausencia de articulo. 11. ready: 1. listo: ready to hand, a mano/a su disposicin , ready cash, dinero en efectivo 2. rpido, inmediato: ready sales, ventas fciles. 12. Los establecimientos de crdito pueden reunirse en pool bancario para soportar juntos los riesgos y beneficios de una operacin de crdito. El banco director es el que asume los trmites de la operacin. To denominate a loan in ( currency) : denominar un crdito ( en dinero); to give effect to os offer/bid: hacer efectiva la propuesta de alguien. Noticias: El idioma espaol, el petrleo de Espaa - Antonio Garca Fuentes, Melilla Hoy - 08/05/2008 As ha sido considerado recientemente por el diario "El Mundo", en un muy detallado artculo, firmado por Emma Rodrguez; donde se afirma que el idioma Espaol, hace que se multipliquen por tres las exportaciones al conjunto de pases hispanohablantes; porcentaje an mayor que lo que ocurre con el ingls entre los pases anglosajones. Se basa en los contenidos del estudio, "Economa del Espaol" (Fundacin Telefnica). Asimismo, este estudio afirma que; el idioma espaol hace que se multiplique por casi 2,5 la cuota de los emigrantes que nos llegan de pases de nuestro idioma comn, lo que es otra ventaja econmica, puesto que aparte de la mejor integracin, aminora los costes que todo ello conlleva y que pagamos los espaoles, va impuestos. Afirma igualmente que nuestra lengua comn ya es hablada por 438 millones de hispano hablantes; entre nativos, residentes y todos aquellos que la han elegido como segundo idioma y que va en un constante y gran aumento. Es por lo que se considera como "nuestro petrleo", puesto que es el recurso internacional y de mayor valor, de que disponemos para "la exportacin" (fue publicado que es tan importante o ms que el turismo que se dijo ya representa el 15% del PIB); puesto que el uso del Espaol no slo aumenta de forma demogrfica, sino tambin de calidad; aunque ya Espaa, slo represente un escaso diez por ciento del conjunto de todos los hispano hablantes; mientras que en USA, es un idioma pujante y es por lo que EE.UU. hoy es el tercer pas de habla espaola y pronto, ser el segundo tras Mxico, pasando entonces Espaa al tercer lugar. Nuestro idioma es estudiado en casi todas las universidades del mundo, o al menos en las de ms prestigio de cada pas; denotando entre ellos, los de USA, que cuentan con el mayor nmero de departamentos que lo estudian; ello lo propicia la fortaleza que da una lengua que ronda ya el cinco por ciento de la poblacin mundial y que internacionalmente, es la segunda ms empleada, tras el ingls. Tras todos estos datos, que he condensado al mximo y viendo la desidia que sobre nuestro mejor tesoro, mantienen desde los gobiernos centrales, mayor parte o gran parte del pueblo espaol, que cada vez la conoce menos, cuando no adopta jergas y palabras extranjeras y no hablemos de los regionalistas separatistas, que como plaga nacional, quieren incluso eliminarla, cuando ello es imposible y lo es, por cuanto la necesitan vitalmente; ya que una lengua verncula, no es otra cosa que "un idioma para andar por casa"; y adems, fuera de sus ncleos cerrados o acrrimos, el habitante de cualquier lugar de Espaa (igual debe ocurrir en el resto de pases cuyo idioma principal es el Espaol) y en sus necesidades de calle, tiene que por "bemoles" hacer uso del Espaol, que no olvidemos es, patrimonio de todos los espaoles e hispano hablantes. Por ello esa plaga de separatistas y vividores (otra cosa no son) tratan de constreir a sus sbditos, reducindolos a un idioma limitado y no todo lo contrario, que
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

es lo que necesitan sin que ello sea renunciar a lo vernculo y a otros idiomas internacionales; por aquello tan simple y sencillo que afirma "el saber no ocupa lugar". Ese constreimiento o castracin lingstica, se nota de forma significativa, cuando un cataln, vasco, gallego, etc. intervienen en los concursos varios que en la actualidad hay en las cadenas televisivas y que se basan en respuestas, con palabras del idioma Espaol observen, que pese al bajo nivel nacional y que afecta a todos; estos influenciados por su idioma vernculo, destacan en un atraso que debiera preocupar. Por otra parte y como comerciantes natos; estos "vernculos" que son capaces de vender, "rabillos de boina vasca" o lo que sea, por aquello de "la pela es la pela"; o que van a los confines del mundo buscando negocios o recursos (vascos, catalanes, gallegos, mallorquines, valencianos) no han querido ver, que tambin en algo que les pertenece y que es el idioma comn o Espaol, tienen en s mismo una explotacin comercial que est a su alcance y para la que no son necesarias grandes inversiones tan cortos de caletre estn esos polticos y comerciantes miopes? No han sabido ver an ese fabuloso negocio? Por qu no lo explotan? Hoy cuando escribo, veo en los noticieros televisivos, estampas de la gran tragedia que sufre gran parte de Bolivia, inundada totalmente y donde las gentes piden auxilio estos gritos de auxilio, cuando cogen una emisora o un telfono, que los claman, en aimara, quechua, o en los ms de dos docenas de dialectos que tienen o lo hacen en Espaol, idioma que les (nos) sirve a todos como vehculo mejor de entendimiento? Curiosamente hoy los hispanoamericanos hablan mucho mejor nuestro idioma que los propios nativos espaoles; cosa por la que debera "carsenos la cara de vergenza" pero an as, en mi propia ciudad (Jan) hay una treintena de estudiantes chinos, que han venido a esta universidad a aprender y perfeccionar el IDIOMA ESPAOL. Sonriamos y esperemos, puesto que nuestro idioma tiene vida propia y es de una vitalidad asombrosa merecer el que le ayudemos o somos tan idiotas para no comprender y negar esa ayuda, que es en definitiva ayudarnos nosotros mismos? Es de extraar la decadencia espaola no es en gran parte por ese gran cerrilismo y ceporrismo hispano? Yo creo que s aqu hay un virus destructivo que asusta.

06-2008
CONFUSABLE WORDS: elder, eldest, older, oldest, elderly You use elder and eldest to say who was born before others in a family. For example, if you have an elder brother or sister, you have a brother or sister who was born before you. The eldest child in a family was born before the other children. His mother had impressed upon him how hopeless he was compared to his brother. Angela was very fond of her parents, though bitterly jealous of her elder sister. They were pretty girls and I guessed that the eldest, Marianne, was no more than twenty. You use older and oldest to say who was born first in any group of people, not just families. One of the older boys had to be continually on watch for wild animals. Some years ago I had the privilege of meeting the worlds oldest man . If you talk about older people, you mean people who are no longer young. The older people, like Miss Clare and Mrs. Pringle, shake their heads sadly. Older can be used to show differences in age, in comparisons using than. Elder cannot be used in this way. Jimmy was at least five years older than I was. She was a couple of years older than me. If you describe someone as elderly, you mean that they are old. Some people consider elderly a more polite word than old. a small , energetic, elderly man with a heavy moustache
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

The elderly are elderly people. a psychiatrist who specialized in the care of the elderly. URLs Recomendados: The Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator Este programa, descargable solamente para todo aquel que utilice una versin autntica de Microsoft Windows, permite modificar o cambiar completamente la configuracin del teclado. Se revela til para todos los que, por trabajo o estudio, deben escribir en lenguas diferentes y necesitan configuraciones personalizadas. Magictyper En este sitio ingls, as como por magia, se puede escribir en hebraico, rabe, ruso o griego, utilizando su propio teclado, sin deber descargar e instalar algn software. Lingro: un diccionario y no solo Es un servicio gratuito que permite tener a disposicin, en todo momento, un diccionario interactivo en cualquier pgina Web, despus de haber escrito la direccin URL de esta misma pgina en Lingro. Los diccionarios presentes, todos con salida audio, son disponibles en varias combinaciones lingsticas del ingls hacia francs, alemn, espaol, italiano, polaco y sueco. La combinacin sueco-polaco es tambin posible. Este servicio es muy til para todos los que leen pginas en otros idomas sobre la Web y no tienen ganas de consultar un diccionario cada vez que encuentran una palabra que no conocen. Lingro genera tambin automticamente una lista de las palabras consultadas en el diccionario. Con estos trminos el usuario puede crear fcilmente una lista personalizada. Los juegos lingsticos con "falshcards", creados a partir de esta lista ayudarn al proceso de aprendizaje del nuevo vocabulario y facilitarn la memorizacin. Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: Vocabulario sobre Necesidades de Financiamiento : A. Fill in the Blanks : A firm that accepts responsibility for collecting accounts receivable is called a An exporting firm may seek a .. to grant time for payment to its importing customer. A . binds the bank to pay for contracts that have been poorly . Loans are also available for firms that wish to . . inventory. B . Multiple Choice Firms can replenish their cash needs with all the following EXCEPT: a) Domestic loans b) Export loans c) Selling accounts receivable d) Discounting products. To finance long and medium term receivables a firm can secure a : a) Supplier credit b) Buyer credit c) Sales agreement d) A & b only e) All the above A guarantee or security in the form of a bond is underwritten by: a) the exporters bank b) the importers bank c) a bond house d) a factor. To get export credits, firms must usually submit which of the following? a) balance sheets
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

b) income statements c) annual reports d) export contracts e) all the above C . Translate: 1. (Usted) puede vender sus cuentas por cobrar a una compaa de factoraje. 2. Este crdito es un anticipo sobre sus cuentas por cobrar contradas en el extranjero. 3. Aceptamos la responsabilidad de cobrar las cuentas por cobrar. 4. (Usted) debe proporcionar una garanta bajo la forma de una fianza. Answers: A. 1. factor 2. supplier credit 3. performance bond, carried out 4. build up B. 1. d 2. d 3. a 4. e C. 1. 2. 3. 4.

You may sell your accounts receivable to a factor. This credit is an advance made against your foreign notes. We accept responsibility for collecting the receivables. You will have to provide a guarantee in the form of a bond.

Espaol es el segundo idioma de Google El espaol se posicion como el segundo idioma ms popular entre las bsquedas en Google, afirm el director de la compaia, Eric Scmidt. Asimismo, Amrica Latina queda situada como la regin con mayor crecimiento para la empresa. Para el ejecutivo es fundamental que todos los pases tengan acceso a Internet, as lo manifiesta diciendo que es " Muy importante que todos los gobiernos tengan una estrategia para ampliar el acceso a Internet de la misma manera que construyen autopistas". Los planes de la empresa son asegurar el acceso a todos los productos de Google en los telfonos celulares. Esto, por la gran cantidad de gente que posee uno. Schmidt explic que uno de los retos de Google este ao ser lograr una mayor penetracin de sus productos entre personas de diversas edades y con necesidades diferentes.

07-2008
CONFUSABLE WORDS: reward, award, prize A reward is something that you are given for doing something which people approve of. For example, an employer might give a worker some extra money as a reward for being efficient, or parents might give a child a toy as a reward for being good He had given me a day off a reward I accepted with suspicious gratitude. There were never any rewards for being good at games. A reward is also a sum of money offered to anyone who can give information about stolen property about someone who is wanted by the police. Hurst announced a reward of $50.000 for information A satisfying experience can also be considered a reward. But the walk brought its reward : a splendid view.
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

An award is a certificate or medal that is given by an organization such as a university or council. a new award, the diploma of Higher Education. Food and service fully warrant the Egon Ronay awards as Hotel of the year When an award is given in recognition for an outstanding achievement, it may be referred to as a prize. We are sometimes asked why it is right to give a prize for tennis, but wrong to give one for geography. the Nobel Prize for Peace. A prize is also something that you are given for winning a competition or a game.Prizes include free holidays I entered two competition and won prizes. Both reward and award can also be used as verbs. If you reward someone, you give them a reward. Note that reward is often used in the passive. Work hard and you will be rewarded. They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruit and flowers. If you award something such as a prize or certificate to someone, you give it to them. Note that award may be followed by two objects. It is often used in the passive.. Five campaign medals were awarded to those who fought in the Free French Forces. URLs Recomendados: https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html A Landmark Study of the Human Journey Where do you really come from? And how did you get to where you live today? DNA studies suggest that all humans today descend from a group of African ancestors who about 60,000 years agobegan a remarkable journey. The Genographic Project is seeking to chart new knowledge about the migratory history of the human species by using sophisticated laboratory and computer analysis of DNA contributed by hundreds of thousands of people from around the world. In this unprecedented and real-time research effort, the Genographic Project is closing the gaps of what science knows today about. Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: Vocabulario sobre Necesidades de Financiamiento : Carta de Crdito y Credito Documentario 1. agreement: 1 acuerdo: to be in agreement on/ about sth with sb, estar de acuerdo con alguien sobre algo, ( com , ind) acuerdo, convenio2.( jur) contrato, convenio. 2. to discuss sth: discutir, debatir algo. 3. practice: 1. entrenamiento 2. costumbre 3. regla (s): restrictive practices, normas restrictivas 4. clientela (profesiones liberales). 4. to release: 1. liberar 2. descargar ( de una obligacin) 3. poner en venta 4. emitir (un comunicado) 5. entregar (mercancas), liberar (fondos), transferir. 5. former: anterior, precedente: the former, el primero de los dos, opuesto a the latter, el segundo. 6. clean: limpio, puro, sin mancha - clean bill, letra de cambio simple (no acompaada de documentos). 7. to undertake: 1. emprender (un viaje), encargarse de ( una tarea) 2. to undertake to do sth, comprometerse a hacer algo 3. to undertake that garantizar que 8. in behalf of sb (EU)/ on behalf of sb (GB) : a nombre de alguien, de parte de alguien, en favor de, por; on my behalf, para mi. 9. to instruct : 1. instruir ( a alguien) ( in sth, en algo) 2. to instruct sb ( that) , informar a
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

alguien ( que) 3. to instruct sb to do sth, encargarle a alguien que haga algo 4. ( jur) darle instrucciones a. 10. to issue: 1. ( v.i) salir, resultar ( from, de) 2. (v.t) emitir ( acciones), poner en circulacin, (jur) dar una orden ( de arresto), publicar ( un comunicado); se construye de dos formas: to issue sth to sb o to issue s.f. with sth, proporcionarle algo a alguien. 11. to advise: 1. aconsejar : to advise sb on/ about sth, aconsejar a alguien sobre algo 2. recomendar : to advise sb against sth, desaconsejarle algo a alguien 3. informar : to advise sb of sth avisarle a akguien de algo; to advise sb that . , avisarle a alguien que = to notify. 12. to comply: obedecer, acatar, to comply with, ( persona) observar ( reglamento), acceder ( a una peticin), (material) estar conforme (a las especificaciones). 13. relevant: 1. pertinente (to, a) , (jur) justificativo 2. apropiado 3. util, necesario ( for, para). English is a Crazy Language There is no egg in eggplant nor ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple. English muffins weren't invented in England nor French fries in France. Sweetmeats are candies while sweet-breads, which aren't sweet, are meat. We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes, we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor is it a pig. And why is it that writers write but fingers don't fing, grocers don't groce and hammers don't ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, why isn't the plural of booth beeth? One goose, 2 geese. So one moose, 2 meese? One index, 2 indices? Doesn't it seem crazy that you can make amends but not one amend, that you can comb through the annals of history but not a single annal? If you have a bunch of odds and ends and get rid of all but one of them, what do you call it? If teachers taught, why didn't preachers praught? If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat? If you wrote a letter, perhaps you bote your tongue? Sometimes I think all the English speakers should be committed to an asylum for the verbally insane. In what other language do people recite at a play and play at a recital? Ship by truck and send cargo by ship? Have noses that run and feet that smell? Park on driveways and drive on parkways? How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell another. Have you noticed that we talk about certain things only when they are absent? Have you ever seen a horsefull carriage or a strapfull gown? Met a sung hero or experienced requited love? Have you ever run into someone who was combobulated, gruntled, ruly or peccable? And where are all those people who ARE spring chickens or who would ACTUALLY hurt a fly? You have to marvel at the unique lunacy of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm clock goes off by going on. English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race (which, of course, isn't a race at all). That is why, when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch, I start it, but when I wind up this essay, I end it.

08 - 2008
ONFUSABLE WORDS: teach, instruct, educate If you teach someone, you explain a subject to them as teachers do in school, or shows them how to do a particular task like cooking or driving. He couldnt read at eighteen; his wife had to teach him.
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

It is often grandmothers who teach children to cook, sew or knit. I had taught in ordinary schools for many years. If you instruct someone in a subject or skill, you give them information that they have to learn, so that they know how to do something in the approved way. Red Renn instructs the trainees at the colleges motor vehicle unit. The magistrate instructed me in the procedure of the court. If you instruct someone to do something, you tell them to do it. The judge instructed them to keep silent about his decision. I have been instructed to give you this. You can instruct your bank to pay your bills by standing order. If you educate someone, you teach them over a long period of time, so that they again knowledge and experience in several subjects. The more affluent the society, the better it educates its members. John Tyndall was born in 1934 at Exeter and educated at Beckenham Grammar School. URLs Recomendados - Four nets for better searching : http://webquest.sdsu.edu/Searching/fournets.htm - Specialized Search Engines and Directories : http://webquest.sdsu.edu/searching/specialized.html There are approximately zillions of specialized search engines out there, as can be seen at Search Engine Guide. The list below is a selective subset of these, chosen because they might help you find materials useful as resources in a WebQuest. All of these links lead to sites that contain specific information that may not turn up when you do a general search of the Web using Altavista, Yahoo, and other search engines and directories. For a more comprehensive list, you might also want to check the Invisible-Web site. Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: Vocabulario sobre Necesidades de Financiamiento: Carta de Crdito y Credito Documentario against: en cambio de , contra to substantiate: probar, justificar: to substantiate a claim, justificar una reclamacin discount: descuento. Implica que el comprador deduzca un porcentaje del monto de la carta de crdito, que varia segn el riesgo que estima estar asumiendo. En general, los bancos se encargan de descontar las cartas de crdito, especialmente en Gran Bretaa (discount houses). El crdito documentario revocable puede ser anulado en cualquier momento por el banco emisor, por su propia iniciativa o por rdenes de su cliente, sin que el exportador pueda oponerse a esta anulacin. El banco del pas exportador puede notificar un crdito documentario irrevocable, sin asumir ningn compromiso en cuanto al pago de la operacin, o puede confirmar el crdito, comprometindose de la misma forma que el banco emisor. De esta manera, con el compromiso de dos bancos, el exportador elimina todos los riesgos de naturaleza poltica o los que se derivan de malentendidos. merchandise: Los documentos de los que se trata son los documentos de embarque (shipping documents) o documentos de propiedad (documents of title). lading: 1. cargamento ( de un barco) 2. hecho de cargar ( un barco); se deriva de to lade, I laded, laden, cargar, laden in bulk, cargado a granel, en montn. El conocimiento de embarque es un recibo entregado por el capitn como prueba de depsito de la mercanca a bordo del barco. Es un documento negociable y transmisible por endoso. to assume: ver nota 1, p 30 to entitle: ver nota 9, p 62. valid: vlido, valedero ( contrato), vigente ( pasaporte)# available: 1. disponible, 2.(jur) vlido # valuable: de gran valor, valioso. To give notification of, notificar, avisar de; to issue a credit in favor of, emitir un crdito a
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR


09 -2009

Tuition

Training & Translations

favor de; a banking correspondent, un banco corresponsal; to present documents, entregar documentos; to discount a bill, descontar una letra; encashment, cobro.

CONFUSABLE WORDS: lawyer, solicitor, barrister, attorney. In both British and American English, lawyer is a general term for a person who is qualified in law and is entitled to represent people in legal matters. American lawyers can both prepare cases and represent their clients in court. I have nothing to say, I told him, until I see my lawyer. a witty speaker and the most successful criminal defence lawyer in Scotland. I think you should talk this over with your lawyers in New York and your bankers. In Britain, a solicitor prepares legal documents, for example wills and contracts, and prepares cases that are heard in court. Solicitor can also represent their clients in certain courts, but not in the highest appeal courts. My solicitor phoned, and told me that the police wanted to see me again. Arrange for the seller to leave the keys with either the estate agent or the solicitor for you to pick up when you want to start moving in. In the higher British courts, the arguments for each side are usually presented by barristers. A solicitor will arrange at least one conference between the barrister and the defendant. There is a right of challenge that a barrister can use to have seven members of the jury change. In the American legal system, an attorney is a person who is qualified in law and who represents someone else in legal matters. No one wanted to accept the position of defense attorney. Gordon s attorney had had long discussions with the police. A justice Department attorney had confirmed that the Watergate prosecutors were suspicious. Other Words: In Scotland, a barrister is usually called an advocate. He was a skilful and experienced advocate. URLs Recomendados: Lonely Planet - http://www.lonelyplanet.com Visit LonelyPlanet before you take your trip - Great Travel Information http://www.lonelyplanet.com There's still time to plan a vacation trip this 2008, and one of the best places to start your research is Lonely Planet (http://www.lonelyplanet.com ). This site is written by travelers, for travelers, and it's got scads of great information about every destination on the planet. Just type in a destination, and you'll get traveler's recommendations for what to do, where to stay, what to eat, and where to shop, just for starters. There are pictures, videos, maps, discussion groups, itineraries, sights, airline & hotel listings, first-person stories, insider's tips, and lots more. Lonely Planet has been publishing travel guides for a number of years. Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: Vocabulario sobre Necesidades de Financiamiento : Carta de Crdito y Credito Documentario A. Fill in the Blanks : 1- The . .. .. is the method of payment most often used in foreign trade. 2- The buyer s bank, called the .. bank, issues the documentary credit.
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

3- The documentary credit that may not be modified is called . 4- In many international transactions banks act as .. without assuming any commitment. B . Multiple Choice 1- Upon notification that credit has been provided, the supplier: a- Ships the goods b- Receives the shipping documents. c- Bills the customer. d- A & B only. e- A, B & C. 2- The operation in which the importing firm pays immediately before receiving the goods is known as: a- Documents against shipment. b- Documents against payment. c- Sales documents. d- Documents against acceptance. 3- All of the following documents must accompany a bill of exchange, EXCEPT: a- Commercial Invoice. b- Bill of Lading. c- Sight Draft. d- Insurance Policy. 4- After a Letter of Credit has been approved and the exporter paid, the issuing bank the client s account: a- Credits. b- Debits. c- Opens. d- Consolidates. C . Translate: 1. Usted est autorizado a cobrarnos una letra de 90 das. 2. El banco notificador le avisar del otorgamiento del crdito. 3. El contrato comercial estipula plazos de pago?. 4. Desempeamos el papel de intermediarios, sin asumir un compromiso directo. Answers de exercises: A.1 documentary letter of credit A.2 issuing A.3 irrevocable A.4 intermediaries B. 1. d 2. b 3. c 4. b C. 1. You are authorized to draw a 90-day draft on us. 2. The advising bank will notify you of the issuance of the credit. 3. Does the commercial contract stipulate times for payment?. 4. We act as intermediaries without assuming any direct commitment.

Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

Las reglas de Charles J. Sykes en una Universidad Norteamericana. web.chem.ucla.edu/~harding/rules.pdf Regla Uno- La vida no es justa, acostmbrate a ello. Regla Dos- Al mundo (salvo a tus padres) no le importar tu autoestima. El mundo esperar que logres algo, independientemente de que te sientas bien o no contigo mismo. Regla Tres- No ganars US$5.000 mensuales justo despus de haber salido de la preparatoria; y no sers un vicepresidente hasta que con tu esfuerzo te hayas ganado ambos logros. Regla Cuatro- Si piensas que tu profesor es duro, espera a que tengas un jefe. Ese s que no tendr vocacin de enseanza ni la paciencia requerida. Regla Cinco- Dedicarse a voltear hamburguesas no te quita dignidad. Tus abuelos tenan una palabra diferente para describirlo: le llamaban oportunidad. Regla Seis- Si metes la pata, no es culpa de tus padres, as que no lloriquees por tus errores; aprende de ellos. Regla Siete- Antes de que nacieras, tus padres no eran tan aburridos como son ahora. Ellos empezaron a serlo por pagar tus cuentas, limpiar tu ropa y escucharte hablar acerca de la nueva onda en la que estabas. As que antes de emprender tu lucha por las selvas vrgenes contaminadas por la generacin de tus padres, inicia el camino limpiando las cosas de tu propia vida, empezando por tu habitacin. Regla Ocho- En la escuela puede haberse eliminado la diferencia entre ganadores y perdedores, pero en la vida real no. En algunas escuelas ya no se pierden aos lectivos y te dan las oportunidades que necesites para encontrar la respuesta correcta en tus exmenes y para que tus tareas sean cada vez ms fciles. Eso no tiene ninguna semejanza con la vida real. Regla Nueve- La vida no se divide en semestres. No tendrs vacaciones de verano largas en lugares lejanos y muy pocos jefes se interesarn en ayudarte a que te encuentres a ti mismo. Todo esto tendrs que hacerlo en tu tiempo libre. Regla Diez- La televisin no es la vida diaria. En la vida cotidiana, la gente de verdad tiene que salir del caf de la pelcula para irse a trabajar. Regla Once- S amable con los nerds (los ms aplicados de tu clase). Existen muchas probabilidades de que termines trabajando para uno de ellos.

10-2008
CONFUSABLE WORDS: west, western, westerly. The west is the direction you look towards in the evening in order to see the sun set. The west of a country or area is the part towards the west. You use west, western and westerly to describe things that are in or come from the west. You use west to describe a part of a place that is in the west, whether it is a large place like a country or a smaller place like a building. Note that west is often used to make a contrast with the east, north and south: the west face of a mountain is opposite the east face. The had established themselves almost everywhere in West Africa. The only way it could be reached was by a dangerous and grueling climb up the west face of the mountain. This seaweed is often abundant on the middle and lower shore, especially on the West coast. Western means relating to the west and refers to a more general area than west. He commanded a tank troop at Anzio while Dixon was an R.A.F corporal in western Scotland. On the western side was the precipice known as the Frog s Head. a location off the western coastline of the mainland of Scotland.
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

You can also use western to describe things that come from the west or that are found there. Down from the Artic Seas the fish will move into the western waters of Britain and Ireland. The sun is setting over the western hills. Winds that come from the west can be described as west or westerly winds. Mother said the west wind was bad for the nerves. During the night a warm westerly wind blew across the downs. You can also use westerly to describe directions and locations. If something moves in a westerly direction, it moves towards the west. Unlike west and western, westerly can be used with more and most.. In order to avoid a storm, we flew over the east side of Lake. Turkana rather than take the more normal westerly route. The mountainside facing the harbor has a westerly outlook. We were standing on the most westerly point of England. URL's Recomendados: DNA Interactive - http://www.dnai.org/ DNA Interactive explores the exciting history of DNA science. Visit to examine the Timeline of DNA discovery, jump into the Code for a more in-depth lesson, or click on Manipulation to learn about the tools developed to work with DNA strands. With free registration, teachers can pick up lesson plans and worksheets. My favorite clicks are the PDF templates for making an origami DNA model in either color or black and white. Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: Vocabulario sobre Necesidades de Financiamiento : Letra de Cambio, Cheque , Transferencia Bancaria. 1- to draw. Up: 1. pararse ( un auto) 2. hacer ( lista, cuenta), preparar ( presupuesto), redactar, elaborar. 2- to cash (in): cobrar ( cheque, letra de cambio, etc.), cobrar en efectivo 2. cambiar ( billetes en el banco) 3- Es un ttulo de crdito porque es negociable. Adems, se evita un movimiento de numerario y operaciones financieras a nivel individual. 4- promissory note: ver nota 3. 5- payable on presentation: pagadero a presentacin = payable on demand, pagadero a presentacin o a la vista= payable at sight, pagadero a la vista. 6- Es pagadera a la orden (payable to order), cuando se menciona el nombre de un beneficiario y si no hay ninguna restriccin para la transmisin. 7- Tambin puede estar endosada en blanco , sin identificar al endosatario. 8- Primera, segunda y tercera de cambio (first, second and third of Exchange). 9- null and void o simplemente null; nulo y sin valor. 10- Si acepta pagar sin condiciones, su aceptacin es general ( general acceptance). Si pone condiciones ( cambio de la fecha de vencimiento o pago de slo una parte de la suma), su aceptacin es parcial (qualified acceptance). 11- endorsee: endosatario, persona en beneficio de la cual se efecta un endoso # endorser, endosante, persona que efecta un endoso. El endoso es un modo de transmisin de las letras de crdito. 12- El portador tambin puede depositarla como garanta en un banco para obtener un prstamo. 13- La ley suele prever un plazo de tres das de gracia (three statutory days of grace) despus de la fecha de vencimiento. 14- notary (public): funcionario que da fe de los documentos pero que, a diferencia del notario en la mayora de los pases latinoamericanos, no tiene el papel de consejero de personas particulares. 15- to protest a bill: protestar una letra haciendo levantar un protesto (to have a protest
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR


11-2008

Tuition

Training & Translations

drawn up), acta autntica que constata oficialmente la falta de pago o la negacin de aceptacin de la letra de cambio por el deudor.

CONFUSABLE WORDS: raise, rise, arise. You use raise, rise and arise to talk about moving upwards. If you raise something, you move it so that it is in a higher position. Raise is a regular transitive verb. The past tense and past participle are raised. He began to raise a massive first. Raise the legs, trying to lift the thighs off the floor. Hooper raised his camera and pressed the button. If something rises, it moves upwards. For example, if smoke rises, it moves up towards the sky. Rise is an irregular intransitive verb. The past tense is rose and the past participle is risen. In the distance he could see the smoke from his bonfire rising up in a white column. Clouds of birds rose from the tree-tops. If you rise, you get out of bed or you stand up after sitting, kneeling, or lying down. This is a formal use. She could not have told you at what time she had risen that morning or how she made her way to the station. When he saw us arrive, he attempted to rise but couldnt t quite make it. Ash had bowed, knelt and risen in imitation of the other worshippers. Arise can also be used to say that someone gets out of bed or that they stand up after sitting, kneeling, or lying down. When arise is used like this, it is very old-fashioned or literary. Arise is an irregular intransitive verb. The past tense is arose and the past participle is arisen. I arose at six. He arose to greet her. Raise and rise can also be used as nouns. A rise is an increase in an amount or quantity. price rises. the rise in crime. In British English, a rise is also an increase in someones wages or salary. He went to ask for a rise. In American English, this is called a raise. He thought about asking his boss for a raise.

URLs Recomendados: Pangea Day Films - http://www.pangeaday.org/ On 10 May a worldwide event celebrated the power of film: Pangea Day. It featured 'films that were funny, sad, gorgeous, stark - and powerful'. The films are available for online viewing. Watch them, debate the themes, enjoy human diversity and unity, and get inspired. Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: Vocabulario sobre Necesidades de Financiamiento : Letra de Cambio, Cheque , Transferencia Bancaria. 1- deposit: 1. depsito, yacimiento 2.(fin), depsito: to make a deposit of $..., depositar $...en el banco 3. depsito, entrada ( apartamento): to leave/make/pay a deposit of $... on sth, dejar un depsito de $... sobre algo. me2- ans ( sustantivo invariable que puede referirse tanto a un singular como a un plural): 1. medio, mtodo: a means of communication, un medio de comunicacin 2. medios, recursos: means test, averiguacin sobre la situacin econmica.
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

3- a check (EU) = a cheque (GB) y a checking account (EU) = a current account, a drawing account (GB). 4- demand: ver nota 2, p 54. 5- to withdraw: 1. quitar, retirar ( mano, tropas, oferta, cantidad de dinero = to draw) 2. retirarse. 6- notice: 1. aviso, notificacin 2. aviso, previo 3. plazo: at 3 days notice , en un plazo de tres das. . 7- Esto es para evitar los cheques falsificados (forged, checks) en los que ha sido imitada (to forge) una firma autntica . 8- to cover a check (EU) = to pay a cheque (GB). 9- Salvo en el caso de los sobregiros autorizados (authorized overdrafts). Los cheques no pagados son devueltos al beneficiario con la mencin NSF (Non-Sufficient Funds). 10- En los Estados Unidos tambin se reciben los cheques pagados por el deudor (cancelled checks). Adems, los bancos cobran una comisin mensual por el manejo de loa cuenta y/o una comisin por cada cheque emitido, que a veces puede ser dispensada si se mantiene un saldo de cierta cantidad en la cuenta. 11- officer: 1. oficial: first officer, primer oficial ( marina mercantil) 2. funcionario, agente : customs officer, agente aduanal 3. responsable, dirigente: Chief Executive Officer (CEO), director general. 12- collection: 1. coleccin 2. recaudacin, cobro : collection of debts, cobro de crditos 3. accin de recoger o recolectar algo a domicilio. . 13- Schedule: ver nota 8, p 20. 14- item: 1. artculo, producto 2. (cont) escritura, partida asiento 3. rubro, artculo (de un contrato). To stand (null and void): ser nulo y sin valor; to fall due, vencer, caducar; to dishonor a bill, negarse a pagar una factura; drawee bank: banco deudor. Checklist for a Green Office It seems like everyone and everything is going green these days, and for good reason. Getting in the mode of using green products and habits in the workplace can not only improve the environment, but positively affect the bottom line. Here are 25 ways to help s reduce your companys environmental impact and save money. By Susan Silva Is your office green? Here are 25 ways to help reduce your company s environmental impact. By implementing one or more of the following going green suggestions, you can make a difference, save your company money and save the environment. 1- Turn off your equipment, computer, printers, scanners, calculator, etc. You can plug them into one power strip and turn it off at the end of the day. 2- Unplug charging devices (such as a cell phone charger when not in use) 3- Do not leave your mobile phone charging over night, charge during the day and when the battery is full, take it off the charger. 4- Use natural sun light when possible. 5- Turn off office lights at night. 6- Use washable coffee mugs. 7- Bring your own set of silverware. 8- Avoid printing in colour. Print drafts in black and white at the economy level. 9- Re-use boxes for when you have to ship items out. 10- Plan video or online meetings, instead of travelling. 11- Create recycle bins for: a- Cans b- Cardboard c- Glass d- Newspaper e- Paper f- Plastic 12- Recycle old equipment such as computers, cell phones, pagers and PDAs.
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

13- Print out only what you need. Only print essential emails. 14- Print or use both sides of paper. 15- Buy recycled paper. 16- Re-use supplies as much as possible. Take large envelopes and create interoffice envelopes or take used paper, and cut them into pieces for note pads. 17- Buy eco friendly supplies such as refillable pens, papers and refillable tape dispensers 18- If you are responsible for buying lighting, replace any incandescent light bulbs with Energy Star rated light bulbs or fluorescent bulbs. 19- Recycle toner and ink cartridges. 20- Buy remanufactured toners and printer cartridges. 21- Turn off your screen saver and use hibernate or sleep instead. 22- Install a water filter instead of using bottle water. 23- Ask to be removed from any snail mail distributions you do not read. If you get catalogues, asked to be removed from the list and use the website to look at their products. 24- If you have a personal printer, set the quality to draft or economy. If you need high quality, you can set it for each individual instance. 25- If feasible, make arrangements to work from home one day a week.

12 2008
CONFUSABLE WORDS: comprehensive, understanding Something that is comprehensive includes everything that is needed. For example, a comprehensive study examines every detail of a subject; comprehensive plans consider every possibility. a comprehensive insurance policy. Chapter 4 examines the last attempt to implement a comprehensive anti poverty program in Britain. You do not use comprehensive to describe people who understand others and show them kindness and sympathy. You say that they are understanding. Mrs Viccary turned out to be a delightful person, wise, tolerant and understanding. I want so much to be as brave and as understanding as you are. Other words Instead of saying that something is comprehensive, you can say that it is done comprehensively. We need designers able to deal with the design process comprehensively. URLs Recomendados: Twitter - http://twitter.com/ Twitter is a service for friends, family, and coworkers to communicate and stay connected through the exchange of quick, frequent answers to one simple question: What are you doing? Vocabulary Exercise Vocabulary - Companies: Vocabulario sobre Necesidades de Financiamiento : Letra de Cambio, Cheque , Transferencia Bancaria. A. Fill in the Blanks : 1- A negotiable form of credit subject to stamp duties is a . . 2- When no particular payee is named a bill of exchange is made payable to . . 3- A specimen signature and an . .. are required to open a account. 4- The operation that sends funds directly from one bank account to another is called a . .
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

B . Multiple Choice 1- Foreign Bills of Exchange are commonly made payable in: a. 30 days. b. 60 days. c. 90 days. d. a & b only. e. a, b & c. 2- To open a companys checking account all are required, EXCEPT: a. An initial deposit. b. Proof of identity. c. Only one signature. d. All are required. 3-The value of international bank transfers can be affected by: a. Political events. b. GNP. c. Exchange rates. d. Price of gold. 4- To endorse a bill of exchange, the endorser signs: a. endorsed across the face. b. The back. c. The face d. None of the above. C . Translate: 1. (Usted) puede utilizar una letra de cambio para pagar las mercancas. 2. Esta letra de cambio es pagadera al portador. 3. (Usted) puede iniciar un pleito. 4. Su pago se efectuar por transferencia bancaria. 5. Cunto tiempo hace que usted me envi ese estado de cuenta?. Answers de exercises: A.1 -clean bill A.2 -bearer A.3 -initial deposit, checking A.4 -bank transfer B. 1. e 2. d 3. c 4. b C. 1. You can use a clean bill to pay for the goods. 2. This bill of exchange is payable to bearer. 3. You can initiate legal action. 4. You will be paid by bank transfer. 5. How long ago did you send me that bank statement? You Can Color Your Way To Success Everyone has what is known as a personality color. Allof these four colors (red, green, yellow, blue) represent different personality traits such as the way a person interact with others, how they learn, or how they focus their energy. If you can manage to identify someone's personality color then you'll be able to talk to that person the way they need to be talked to. By Duffy Rogan Everyone has a personality color. There are 4 color personality types. Red, Blue, Green and Yellow. At this point, this information tells you nothing. No worries; it didn't mean anything to me
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

either when I first heard about personality colors. But man I wish I knew about this years ago, it would have saved me a ton of aggravation. Everybody has a color type. And with that color type we act in a certain way. Certain things are important to us. We like to be talked to in a certain way. We like and dislike certain things. Take me for example. Lets say you were calling me as a potential prospect: What if you knew how I liked to be talked to. Knew what was important to me. Knew what I didn't like. Knew what I liked. Knew if I was over sensitive. Knew if I needed support. Knew if I would be teachable. Knew if I was money motivated. Knew if I would be a leader. Knew if I was creative. Knew if I needed all the facts and figures....I could go on and on. What if you knew all this information and so much more about me after only talking to me (anyone) for only a few minutes and then gained more and more insight to me the longer you talked to me? Do you think this would impact your business and your personal life in a positive way? Rhetorical question obviously Would you not agree you'd have an unfair advantage on everyone else? Yet another rhetorical question. There is a lot more to learn about personality colors and whole books have been written on this subject. But here is the condensed version. This will give you great insight into the power of personality colors. So here we go, oh and these are not in any particular order. First there is Yellow. Yellow's make up 35% of the population. They are open and indirect with their feelings. They are the best at using both sides of their brains. They are relationship and family orientated, logical, analytical and team work is very important to them. Yellows have jobs like teachers, social workers usually any nurturing job. They like giving back to others. They don't like pushy people, aggressiveness, sudden change or animal cruelty. Some of their weaknesses are, they are over sensitive, take things personally and will buy other peoples excuses. Talk to a yellow slowly and relaxed and let them know they are appreciated. Next is Blues (that's me). Blues make up 15% of the population. Blues are open and direct with their feelings. Very right brained, talk fast, very creative, must have fun doing things. They are strong on family and relationships, spontaneous and enthusiastic. Blues have jobs like sales (of any kind), singer, and songwriter, anything that is creative. They don't like not having fun, fact and figures and being sold. Their weaknesses are being unorganized, scattered and poor savers. When you talk to a blue focus on fun and talk about excitement. Never try to sell a blue. Next is Greens. Greens make up 35% of the population. They are indirect and self-contained with their feelings. Right brained, very logical, analytical. Precise and need to have all the facts and figures. They are savers. They are also organized, task orientated and accurate. Let's get the kids to college. They're the best negotiators. Some of their jobs include, engineers, accountants, CPA, professor. This covers pretty much basically anything to do with logic and reasoning. They don't like pushy people. Not having all the facts and figures. Not being on time, aggressiveness. Get depressed easily and are hard to please. Some of their weaknesses are, they over analyze everything (to death) and are hard to please and pessimistic about everything. When speaking to a green, give them the facts and figures, you cannot overload a green with information. And finally the Reds.
Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR

Tuition

Training & Translations

Reds make up 15% of the population. Reds are direct and self-contained with their feelings. Reds are right brained. Their slogan is "It's my way or the highway" Forceful, stern and to the point. No chitchat, money is power, take action. Task orientated, Impatient, un-teachable, show me the money. Their jobs consist of being CEO's, Attorneys, military leaders, president of the bank. Reds do not like losing control, indecision, small talk or crying. They don't like talking about time, freedom, family or vacations. Some of their weaknesses are having a big ego, domineering and un-teachable. When you talk to a red you need to let them think you need them. They like being sold, close them, focus on money, stroke their ego. Talk about your leaders income. Now everything I just outlined about the different color personalities is not a judgment on people, it's who people are. Just imagine if you had this information the next time you talked to a prospect? How do you think your next call would go? So the next time you're talking to someone and they say something in a certain tone or way, you'll know exactly why they're acting the way they are and why they are asking the questions they do. Instead of taking things personally or getting frustrated, you'll say to yourself "Hey you're suppose to act like that or say that because you're a green" (pick a color) Master this one skill and your business life and personal life will skyrocket. Guaranteed!!! Duffy has been helping Network Marketers build and grow successful businesses for many years now. He is also an expert in generating website traffic, and is a mentor and coach to some of the most success people in Network Marketing today.
Source: Glos Contable S Debonis. Dicc de Banca J Rosenberg Cobuild Collins Confusbale words. Exportar - Larousse

Tuition Huergo 349 Piso 3 B C1426BQE Buenos Aires Tel.: 00-54-11- 4771-4386 / 4772-0769 / Contctenos en: info@avtuition.com.ar
WWW.AVTUITION.COM.AR