CH- 17 :WAVES

Lect-06
 Today’s Goal
Sound Waves

Speed Of Sound

Organic Pipe-Part 01
1. Sound Wave is a longitudinal Wave
3. Sound Wave travels due to Pressure & density
variation
Compression Pressure → Maximum
density → Maximum

Rarefaction Pressure → Minimum

density → Minimum
Equations of Sound Wave
1. Displacement wave equation
2. Pressure Wave Equation
3. Density Wave Equation
Speed of Sound (Longitudinal Wave)
Speed of Sound in air (According to Newton)
1. According to Newton, sound travels in air
isothermally, i.e., at constant Temperature
2. Bulk modulus for isothermal Process
𝜷𝒊𝒔𝒐 = 𝑷
𝑩 𝑷
3. 𝒗= =
𝝆 𝝆

4. Pair=105 Pa
𝝆air=1.29x103kg/m3
𝑷𝒂𝒊𝒓
𝒗= ≈ 𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
𝝆𝒂𝒊𝒓
Speed of Sound in air (Laplace Correction)
1. According to Laplace, sound travels in air
adiabatically
2. Bulk modulus for adiabatic Process
𝜷𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂 = 𝜸𝑷
𝑩 𝜸𝑷
3. 𝒗= =
𝝆 𝝆

4. 𝜸air=1.4 (diatomic) 𝝆air=1.29x103 kg/m3

𝜸𝑷
Pair=105 Pa 𝒗= ≈ 𝟑𝟑𝟐 𝒎/𝒔
𝝆
In terms of Absolute Temperature
Factors affecting Speed of Sound in air
1. Effect of Temperature
2. Effect of Pressure

3. Effect of Humidity
Rotation between speed of Sound in a gas
and RMS speed of Molecules
Organ Pipe
Organ Pipe
Organ Pipe is a pipe which is made up of metal,
wood & sometimes with glass.

1. Open Organ Pipe

2. Closed Organ Pipe

Closed Organ Pipe
Fundamental tone/ I st Harmonic
First overtone/ harmonic
Second overtone/ harmonic
Third overtone/ harmonic
Harmonics in Closed Organ Pipe
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