FACTS & FIGURES

Basic Data
Official Name Arab Republic of Egypt

Area 1.002 million km2

Population 101.5 million

Official Language Arabic

Infrastructure Well-developed infrastructure

Main Resources Availability of minerals

and natural resources

ROADS NETWORK RAILWAYS

193841 km 705 Stations
Total Roads network (2019)
9570 km Railway Network in (2020)

AIRPORTS COMMERCIAL PORTS

27 Airports 15 Ports
two of which are B.O.T airports

ELECTRIC TRAIN PROJECT MONORAIL

19 Stations 34 Stations

SOCIAL INDICATORS
- Human Development Index (2020)
Ranked 116 out of 189 countries

Annual Population
Growth Rate (2025/2030) 1.6%
Source: UN Population Growth Report 2021 — UNDP Human Development Report
 Economic Growth Rate Growth Domestic Product (GDP)

Egypt achieved positive economic Egypt’s GDP increased from EGP 3.5
growth rates despite Covid-19 trillion during the FY2016/17 to EGP
repercussions and the global recession 6.4 trillion during the FY2019/20. It is
worldwide, due to the success of the first worth noting that GDP is expected to
phase of Egypt’s economic reform rise significantly in the coming years to
program that had been taking place reach about EGP 7.1 trillion in
since 2016. FY2021/22.
Figure (1): Economic Growth Rate (2016/17-2021/22) Figure (2): Growth Domestic Product at Current Prices
(2016/17-2021/22)
EGP Trillion
6.0 % 8
5.6 % 5.5 % 7.1
5.3 % 6.4
7
5.0 %
5.8
4.2 % 6
5.2
4.0 % 3.6 % 4.3
3.3 % 5
3.4
3.0 % 4

3
2.0 %
2
1.0 %
1

0.0 % 0

2016/2017 2017/2018 2018/2019 2019/2020 2020/2021 2021/2022 2016/2017 2017/2018 2018/2019 2019/2020 2020/2021 2021/2022
(Targeted) (Targeted)

Source: Ministry of Planning and Economic Development (MPED) Source: Ministry of Planning and Economic Development (MPED)

GDP per Capita Net International Reserves (NIR)

GDP per capita increased from EGP Egypt's net international reserves
36.5 thousand in FY2016/17 to EGP surged up from USD 16.48 billion in
62.2 thousand in FY2020/21. January 2016 to USD 40.98 billion in
January 2022.

Figure (3): GDP Per Capita (2016/17-2020/21) Figure (4): Net International Reserves
(Oct. 2016- Oct. 2021)
EGP Thousand USD Billion

50
42.6
38.2 40.98
45
80 62.2 45.46 40.81
26.3
58.2 40
54.3
35
45.7
60 30
36.5
25
16.48
20
40
15

10
20 5

0
Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan.
0 FY 2016/2017 FY 2017/2018 FY 2018/2019 FY2019/2020 FY2020/2021 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Source: Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) Source: Central Bank of Egypt (CBE)
INFLATION RATE

The first phase of economic reform of Egypt 2016 2017 2018

succeeded in controlling inflationary 14.5% 30.7% 14.1%
pressures, as the inflation rate decreased
from 30.8% in 2017 to 5% in 2020 and about 2019 2020 2021
5.8% in 2021. Reducing the inflation rate was 8.5% 5% 5.8%
one of the main objectives of the monetary
policy adopted by Egypt. Source: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS)

DEPOSITS LOANS INTEREST RATE

8.25%
Source: Central Bank of Egypt (CBE)
The Monetary Policy Committee of the
Central Bank of Egypt decided to fix interest
rates on lending and deposits in November
2021 for the 7th time flow in a row and the 6th
time during 2021, in order to achieve
9.25% inflation rate stabilization at levels close to
the Egyptian government’s goals to mitigate
COVID-19 repercussions risks.

WORKFORCE AND UNEMPLOYMENT

27.2 million 2.2 million
One of the most prominent results of the first
phase of economic reform was the success of 92.5% 7.5%
the Egyptian government in reducing
unemployment rates. The unemployment
Employed Unemployed
rate decreased to about 7.5% in Q2 of 2021,
compared to almost 12.5% in Q2 of 2016. Source: Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) - Q2 2021

Exchange Rates ( 2021) EXCHANGE RATE

Egypt liberalized the pound exchange rate

15.74 (EGP Pound/USD Dollar) in November 2016. This decision is

considered the most important in Egypt’s
economic reform as it has contributed in
18.62 (EGP Pound/EURO)
improving the investment climate,
increasing foreign exchange inflows and
21.66 (EGP Pound/Sterling Pound) export competitiveness and, diversifying
and developing of domestic production
Source: Central Bank of Egypt (CBE)
patterns.
ECONOMIC SECTORS
Sector Growth Rate The industry sector accounted for the largest
FY2020/21
share in the contribution to GDP in
ICT 19.1% FY2020/21 with 16%, followed by the
Building & Construction 14.5% wholesale and retail sector by 15%,
agriculture sector by 12%, and construction
Logistics & Storage 11%
sector by 7%.
Real estate 10.2%
Figure (5): Sector Share in GDP FY2020/21
Agriculture 10.8%
Educa�on Health
General Government 2% 3% Other Services
1% Agriculture
Wholesale & Retail 11.2% 7%
12%
Business Services Petroleum
3% 3%
Natural Gas
Healthcare 12.8% Real Estate 3%
8%
Tourism Other Extracts
2% 1%
Education 11.7%
Social Insurance & Insurance Manufactoring
1% 16%

Source: Ministry of Planning and Economic Development (MPED) Electricity

Financial Intermedia�on & 2%
Auxiliary Ac�vities Water, Sewage and Recycling
4% 1%
Wholesale & Retail Trade Construc�on
Suez Canal ICT Transporta�on & Storage 7%
15%
2% 3% 5%

MAIN
Source: Ministry of Planning and Economic Development (MPED)

The transportation and storage sector

TARGETED
accounted for the largest share of total
investments during FY2020/21 by 15.6%,

SECTORS
followed by real estate activities by 8%,
manufacturing industries by 7.8%, and
agriculture sector by 6.8%.
According to the sustainable
Figure (6): Sectoral Distribution of
development plan in Egypt, the priority Total Implemented Investments– FY2020/21
sectors of interest are the ones with
20

social dimension, fast-growing, and 15.6%

15

high-productive sectors. 8.0%

10
7.8%
6.8%
6.4%
5.8% 5.3% 5.2% 5.0%
5 4.8%
3.5%

0
Health
Education
Agriculture

Electricity
Petroleum

Construction

ICT
Manufacutring

Natural Gas
Transportation & Storage

Real estate

ICT INDUSTRY AGRICULTURE EDUCATION

TRANSPORTATION HEALTHCARE CONSTRUCTION Source: Ministry of Planning and Economic Development (MPED)
& LOGISTICS
 OIL & FY2020/21

NATURAL GAS Crude Oil, Condensate & Butane

29.6 Million Ton
Complete stability of the local market was
achieved for the 4th year in a row, as all the
Natural Gas
needs of citizens and the various sectors of
45.3 Million Ton
the state were covered for petroleum
products and natural gas, and this is due to
the decisions to implement the reform Butane
program for the pricing structure of 1.2 Million Ton
petroleum products, and to expedite projects
to deliver natural gas to homes to replace Total: 76 Million Ton
butane, as well as expansion in the use of gas Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources

as a fuel for cars.

ELECTRICITY & ENERGY

The political leadership in Egypt attaches
great importance to the file of diversifying
electrical energy sources to meet all
development and service needs. Many
reform measures, and policies have been
taken in the energy sector within the
framework of a new strategy that ensures
securing supplies and sustainability.
Generated and Purchased Electricity
Generation Type FY2019/20
Egypt was also able to provide electricity to
about 100% of the population, according to
reports issued by the International Energy
Agency. The integrated and sustainable
energy strategy until 2035 aims to diversify
sources and ensure energy security.
Figure(7): Distribution of Generated Electricity
(FY2019/20)
0.1
4.4
7.6

Thermal 173500 G.W.H

Water 15038 G.W.H

New and Renewable 8663 G.W.H 87.9

Unconnected and Purchased 155.9 G.W.H Thermal Water New and renewable Uconnected and Purchased

Source: Electricity Holding Company Source: Electricity Holding Company

VOLUME OF TRADE (EXPORTS & IMPORTS)
The government made great efforts to Indicator FY2019/20 FY2020/21
(USD billion)
support the production and export sectors
Total exports 62.4 28.7
during the COVID-19 crisis , as the new
program for export support has been Petroleum exports 8.5 8.6

approved, in order to achieve of the Non-petroleum exports 17.9 20.1

government’s goals of USD 100 billion worth Total Imports 62.8 70.7
of exports annually. Egypt’s non-petroleum
Petroleum imports 8.9 8.6
exports increased by 12.2% to reach almost
Non-petroleum imports 53.9 62.1
USD 20.08 billion during FY 2020/21,
Source: Central Bank of Egypt (CBE)
compared to almost USD 17.89 billion during
the previous FY 2019/20.
MAIN TRADE AGREEMENTS
The Pan Arab Free Trade Area (PAFTA)
Figure (8): Exports of Egypt’s Main Trade Partners
FY2020/21 It aims to establish a free Arab trade area. All
USD Billion exchanged goods had been liberalized gradually.
3.5 The Free Trade Agreement Between Egypt and the
2.9 2.8
3 Southern Common Market (Mercosur)
2.5 Its main goal is to decrease the cost of some Egypt’s
2 1.6 imported products. It is worth noting that about 47%
1.5 1.4
1.5 of the Egyptian exports to the member states of the
1 agreement is exempted from customs duties.

0.5 The EU-Egypt Association Agreement

0 It intents to attract more direct investments from the
USA UAE UK India Saudi
Arabia
European union states to Egypt, and increase the
Source: Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) Egyptian exports to the European markets.

Agadir Free Trade Agreement

It enhances the economic and trade cooperation

Figure (9): Imports of Egypt’s Main Trade Partners among member states and increases the capability of
FY2020/21 member states to access the European markets.
USD Billion
Free Trade Agreement between Egypt and the
9 8.1
European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
8
7 It is a free trade area with EFTA countries (Iceland,
6 4.9 Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein), which are
5 4.4 4.3
3.7 considered the most important European markets
4
3 outside the European Union.
2 The Common Market for Eastern and Southern
1
Africa (COMESA)
0
China UAE Saudi Germany USA Egyptian goods exported to member states are fully
Arabia exempted from customs duties as well as charges and
Source: Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) customs with similar effect.
INVESTMENTS
Egypt has been taking solid steps towards Indicator FY2020/21

creating a favorable business climate by

Total Implemented Investments
implementing legislative and regulatory 760.6
(EGP billion)
reforms and promoting foreign direct
Private Investments
investment in various economic sectors. 200.4
(EGP billion)
These efforts had reaped its fruitful seeds in
Private Investments / Total Investments
Doing Business Index; Egypt jumped 19 ranks 26.3%
(%)
in ‘starting a business’ sub-index in the Doing Investment Rate
12.3%
Business Report 2020, as it ranked 90 instead (%)

of 109 in 2019. Moreover, Egypt has made Net FDI Inflows

5.2
(USD billion)
remarkable progress in the sub-indices of
getting electricity and protecting minority Source: Ministry of Planning and Economic Development (MPED),
Central Bank of Egypt (CBE)
investors.

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

Net foreign direct investment flows amounted to USD 36.6 billion over the period (FY2016/17
- FY2020/21). With regard to the sectoral distribution, the net flows of establishing companies
and/or expansions of existing companies increased during FY2019/20 and FY2020/21
compared to previous fiscal years.

The LARGEST INVESTING

Figure (9): Sectoral Distribution of Foreign Direct
Investment Inflows for Non-petroleum Sectors
COUNTRIES in EGYPT in
(FY2020/21)
terms Of FDI Inflows
(FY2020/21)

Country FDI Inflows

(USD million)

Italy 2250

UK 1770

UAE 1411

USA 1625

NETHERLANDS 1329

Source: Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) Source: Source: Central Bank of Egypt (CBE)
ESTABLISHED COMPANIES AND EXPANSIONS
Indicator (2021)

2020 Newly Established Companies 29832

Issued Capital (EGP billion) 117.9

Expansion of Existing Companies 1891

Issued Capital of Expansion in Existing

Incorporation Cost*
(% of the average annual
per capita income)
105.4
Companies (EGP billion)
Time Required to
Source: General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI)
Establish a Company

20.3 One
Business Day**

The Egyptian government is working on

enhancing the business climate in Egypt by
Minimum Paid– Number of simplifying procedures, facilitating and
in Capital Required Procedures automating all services provided to
(% of the average annual
to Establish Companies investors, whether in terms of establishing
per capita income)
new investment projects or in terms of
0 2 obtaining licenses to start activity.
*As for Limited Liability Companies, which is the most common legal
structure incorporated in Egypt.
According to Investment Law No. 72 of
**AS Per Investment Law No.72 of 2017
2017, Egypt offers investors general,
special and additional incentives in order to
lure more investments in specific
TAX geographies and sectors.

RATES IN There are multiple investment regimes

EGYPT from which investors can choose to

establish their investment projects to
enjoy privileges and incentives granted by
Taxes on commercial and each of them.
industrial profits
22.5% There are many reasons to attract
investments to Egypt, as strong and
Income Tax diversified economy, modern
10-25% well-developed infrastructure,
competitive facilities and services in terms
Value added Tax of prices, as well as competitive rates of
14% taxes on income and commercial and
Source: Ministry of Finance industrial profits.