SPH4U - Energy and Momentum

Multiple Choice (1 mark each)

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following is not a unit of energy?

a. J d. W⋅s
b. e.
c. N⋅m

____ 2. In the picture of a roller coaster track shown above, the point where the roller coaster car would be travelling
the fastest, under negligible friction is
a. A d. D
b. B e. E
c. C
____ 3. A car with a mass of 1800 kg slows from 42 km/h [E] to 28 km/h [E]. The impulse from the brakes is
a. 2.5 × 104 N⋅s [E] d. 2.1 × 104 N⋅s [W]
b. 2.5 × 104 N⋅s [W] e. 7.0 × 103 N⋅s [W]
c. 2.1 ×10 N⋅s [E]
4

____ 4. Two objects of equal mass with the speeds indicated by the vectors below, collide and stick together.

Which vector below best represents the velocity of the combined objects after the collision?

a. A d. D
b. B e. E
c. C
____ 5. Looking at the diagram above, in which part of the orbit is the planet moving the fastest?
a. A d. D
b. B e. none of the above
c. C
____ 6. If an orbiting satellite has a total energy of –1.4 × 1012 J, then the binding energy is
a. –1.4 × 1012 J d. –7.0 × 1011 J
b. +1.4 × 10 J 12
e. not enough information
c. –2.8 × 10 J 12

Short Answer

1. How is natural gravitational potential energy used to create electric energy? (2 marks)
2. Many vehicles produced today are designed with “crumple zones.” How does this feature protect the
occupants of the car? (2 marks)

Problem

1. A total of 490 J of work is done on a pin when a 5.0-kg sledgehammer strikes it (bringing the sledgehammer
to rest). Calculate the initial speed of the sledgehammer. (4 marks)
2. Two common and identical carts are used to perform an experiment. Cart A is pushed toward the stationary
cart B with a velocity of 2.6 m/s. After the collision, cart A bounces back with a speed of 0.8 m/s and cart B
moves of with a speed of 3.4 m/s. Why is this not possible? Justify your answer with appropriate
calculations. (4 marks)
3. A 0.40-kg cue ball makes a glancing blow to a stationary 0.30-kg billiard ball so that the cue ball deflects with
a speed of 1.2 m/s at an angle of 30.0º from its original path. Calculate the original speed of the cue ball if the
billiard ball ends up travelling at 1.5 m/s. (5 marks)
4. A child swings on a swing so that her centre of mass is located 2.4 m from the point where the rope is
attached to the tree. If she swings so that her maximum amplitude causes the rope to make an angle of 47°
with the vertical, calculate the child’s maximum speed during the swing. (5 marks)
5. A bullet with a mass of 45 g is fired into a 8.3-kg block of wood resting on a floor against a spring. This ideal
spring (k = 76 N/m) has a maximum compression of 28 cm. What was the initial speed of the bullet? (6
marks)
SPH4U - Energy and Momentum
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 4.1 LOC: EM1.01

2. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 4.4 LOC: EM1.03
3. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 5.1 LOC: EM1.01
4. ANS: D REF: I OBJ: 5.4 LOC: EM1.03
5. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 6.2 LOC: EM1.06
6. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 6.3 LOC: EM1.07

SHORT ANSWER

1. ANS:
Hydroelectric generating stations convert the gravitational energy of water as it falls down rivers and converts
it into electrical energy.

REF: MC OBJ: 4.3 LOC: EM1.01

2. ANS:
The crumple zone is designed to maximize the time (and the distance) over which the force to stop the car is
exerted. This reduces the size of the force that acts on the passengers, minimizing the injury.

REF: MC OBJ: 5.1 LOC: EM3.02

PROBLEM

1. ANS:
The pin has 490 J of work done on it. This will do –490 J of work on the hammer.

The initial speed of the sledgehammer was 14 m/s.

REF: K/U OBJ: 4.2 LOC: EM1.01

2. ANS:
Calculate the kinetic energies before and after.
The carts both have the same mass, so say that

There is more kinetic energy after the collision than before. This is not possible.

REF: K/U OBJ: 5.2 LOC: EM1.02

3. ANS:
We will choose the original direction of motion of the cue ball as the +x direction.
Using vector components in the y-direction,

Using vector components in the x-direction:

The initial speed of the cue ball was 2.0 m/s.

REF: K/U OBJ: 5.4 LOC: EM1.03

4. ANS:
Calculate the vertical displacement of the pendulum (swing):
 vertical height = 2.4 – 1.637 = 0.763 m

The maximum speed at the bottom will involve zero Eg and the maximum height at the top has no EK, so

The child’s maximum speed is 3.9 m/s

REF: K/U OBJ: 4.4 LOC: EM1.03

5. ANS:
First use conservation of energy after the collision until the maximum compression:

Now use conservation of momentum for the collision:

The impact speed of the bullet was 1.6 × 102 m/s.

REF: K/U OBJ: 5.3 LOC: EM1.02