Q1

a) The difference of database and data warehouse is:-

- The purpose of database is to designed to save recording. While data warehouse is to designed
for analysis.
- have different data type which is, for database, the data stored in the database is always updated.
while, data warehouse use current data and history are store and its not update.
- skill for database is capture data and data warehouse is data analysis

b) The functionality of the staging area is to extract, transform and load (ETL) data from data
sources.

Q2.
a) Unfreeze stage is to ensure everyone is ready, willing and responsive. This is for organization to
create a competitive advantage in marketplace. It will give benefit to employee know about
change and always be informed. The key in this stage is communication.
b) 1) Managing multiple teams. need to change many into actual based on our standard operating
procedure.
2) Update appropriate documents to align changes. need to assure traceability by cooperate
adequate audit trails.
3) Reversing a problematic change. All planning, work and impack assessment do not guarantee
an effective result.
c) - Market-triggered transformation.
- occur when an external disruption.
-example: digital transformation, sustainability, and etc.
- to makes the existing business or operating model less viable.

Q3.

a) The three categories of e-commerce is:-

- Business to business (B2B), example: Alibaba
- Business to consumer (B2C), example: Lazada
- Consumer to consumer (C2C), example: eBay

b) The difference between e-commerce, digital market and digital goods is:
- E-commerce involves digitally enabled commercial transactions between organization and
individual.
- While, digital market have less information asymmetry, transaction cost, search cost and menu
cost along with ability to change price based on market conditions.
- Next, digital goods can be delivered over a digital network and the cost of delivery over internet
is very low. Such a music, video and software.
 c) - Inventory
- Marketing
- Sales
- Finance

Q4.
a) 1) Object-oriented development
- Object-oriented development is more interactive and incremental than traditional structured
development.
- The system analysis is the user and system interactions are examined to find objects.
- at designed phase, object will behave and interact into grouped as classes, subclasses and
hierarchy.
- in implementation, some classes may be reused from existing library of classes because object
reusable, object-oriented development can potentially reduce time and cost of development.

2) Computer-aided software engineering, CASE

- CASE have software tools to automate development and reduce repetitive work including
graphic facilities, screen and report generators, analysis and code and documentation.
- Its support iterative design by automating revisions and changes and providing prototyping
facilities.
- It also required organizational discipline to be used effectively.

b) The five alternatives for system building methods in an information system is:-

1) Traditional system life cycle

- An oldest method, the phased approach is development inti formal stages and waterfall. its also
formal division of labor between end users and information system specialist.

2) Prototyping
- is building experimental system rapidly and inexpensively for end users to evaluate.

3) End-use development
- Allow user to develop simple information system with little or no help from technical specialist.

4) Application software packages

- have lot advantages such as save money and time. and mammny oofer customization features.

5) Outsourcing
- have several type such as Cloud and Saas providers and External vendors
 c) - Application software packages.
- This is because it has evaluation criteria for systems analysis include functions provided by the
package, flexibility, user friendly, hardware and software resources, database requirements,
installation and maintenance efforts, documentation, vendor quality and cost.
- It also has request for proposal to detailed list of question submitted to package software
vendors.

Q5.

a) 1) Customer
- the target of customer for this industry is tourist. this industry need to have goal to satisfy
the customer.
2) supplier
- this industtry must have this threee major issues supplier such as price, quality and delivery
schedules.
3) Government regulations
- government intervention has strong influence on the firm. The government must allow
tourist to enter and exist country. So, it can get a lot advantages from customer.

b)
- Porter's Five Forces is a model that identifies and analyzes five competitive forces that shapes every
industry and helps determine the industry weakness and strength.
- It also to determine corporate strategy.
- firstly must list the rivalry among existing competitors such as: number of competitor, diversity of
competitor, industry concentration and growth, quality difference, and cost.
- Then, find the bargaining power of suppliers which is number and size of supplier, unique of each
supplier product and focal company ability to substitute.
- Next phase, threat of substitute product. It may find number of substitute product available, buyer
propensity, relative price performance, perceived level of product different and switching cost.
- In bargaining power of buyer, to bargain no. of customer, size of each customer order
- The last phase is threat of new entrants. which is barriers to entry, economies of scales, brand loyalty
and etc. based on rivalry among competitors.