oat Measurements, Density and ee Speed Physical Quantities 1. Aphysical quantity can be measured by a device or an instrument. 2. The measurement consists of a numerical magnitude and a unit. 3. Sil. units are used to standardise any measurements made in different parts of the world. Length 1. itis the distance between two points. 2. The S.. uit for length is metre (m). 3. It can be measured by measuring tapes, metre rules and the vernier calipers. 4, Ameasuring tape and a metre rule have an accuracy of 0.1 em generally. 5. The vernier calipers have an accuracy of 0.01 cm. Area 1. Itis a surface bounded by a set of lines. 2. The S.l. unit for area is square metre (m?). 3. Anarea of a regular object such as a square can be determined by using its formula. 4. Anarea of an irregular object can be determined by approximation. Volume 1. Itis the amount of space an object occupies. 2. The S.I. unit for volume is cubic metre (m*) 3. The volumes for regular objects can be determined by using the mathematical formulae. 4, The volumes for irregular objects can be determined by using displacement can. Density 1. Density measures mass per unit volume of a substance. 2. It can be determined by using the following expression: Mass Volume 3. The S.1. unit for density is kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m). | 4. An object with a lower density floats in the object with a higher density. Density = Speed 1. Speed is a measure of a change of distance over time. 2. The S.l. unit for speed is metre per second (m/s). 3. It can be determined by the following expression: 4. Average speed determines the total distance travelled over time. It can be calculated by using the following expression: Average speed = Totalalistance, ©GLM Pe Lid Unit 1 Measurements, Density and SpeedREVISION QUESTIONS Section A: Multiple-Choice Questions 1 The diagram below shows a measuring cylinder containing water. 25 24 ‘What is the reading of the measurement in cm*? A 253 B 25.4 Cc 255 D 256 Which of the following expressions is correct for calculating the average speed? A Total distance travelled x total time taken B Total distance travelled + total time taken © Total distance travelled - total time taken D Total distance travelled = total time taken Which of the following instruments can be used to measure a length of 2.43 cm? A Measuring tape B Metre rule C Vernier calipers D String The diagram below shows an observer reading the measure! Position, A, B, C or D, would not give rise to parallax error? nee ment from a metre rule. Which ©GLM Pte LidWhich measurement is the most appropriate to be measured by vernier calipers? A Height of a person B Length of a dining table © Diameter of a beaker D Thickness of a cabinet A student recorded a few measurements. Which measurement is most likely made from a measuring tape? A 10.22cm B 2icm Cc 54.0cm D 14.322 cm Which part of the vernier calipers can be used to measure the depth of a beaker? A__ Internal jaws B External jaws Cc Head D Tail The diagram below shows a measurement made by the vernier calipers. q 10) 4 5! cm What is the reading of the measurement? A 4.64cm B 4.74cm © 5.24cm D 5.74em What is the correct reading from a metre rule shown below? Assume there is no end error or zero error. 7 8 A 8.100 cm B 8.10cm c 81cm D 8cm Which apparatus is essential for measuring the volume of an irregular-shaped object? A Burette B Pipette Measuring cylinder D_ Test tube ©GLM PeLid @rrysicsi Unit 1 Measurements Density nd Speed" liquid sh 14 At which position, A, B, C or D gives the most accurate reading of the volume of a liquid shown below? 12 The diagram below shows a measurement of the diameter of a ball. Calan What is the diameter of the ball shown? A 214cm B 216m © 213m D 215cm 13 Which of the following best describes the speed of an object? ‘A Itis the time taken to travel a fixed distance of two points. B tis the product of time and distance travelled. C tis the sum of time taken and distance travelled in a journey, D tis the rate of distance change in a journey, 14 Aman takes 3h 27 min to drive from Town X to Town Y. If th km, what is the average speed of his journey? A 23km/h B26 km/h Cc 31km/h D 34km/h distance between the towns is 90Questions 15 and 16 refer to the following diagram. The diagram shows the paths taken by a man during his exercise in a park. He rests for 30 minutes at position R. 15 16 7 12 km in 20 minutes 15 km in 10 minutes end starting ‘ point point 20 km in 15 minutes rest for 30 minutes What is the speed of the man during the journey of M? A 0.60 km/h Bo oL7kmh © 36km/h D 240 km/h What is the average speed of the man? A 0.60 km/h B 38km/h © 10km/h D 52km/h At 3.00 pm, a boy started to cycle at 20 km/h to a library. When he reached the mall, the time was 3.24 pm. Calculate the distance travelled by the boy. A 8km B ikm Cc 14km D 20km 18* Sandy leaves her house at 7.45 am and walks to a bus stop. She takes 10 minutes to reach the 19 20 bus stop. She then boards a bus which travels at 60 km/h. After the bus has travelled a distance of 30 km, she alights and walks for another 5 minutes to reach the market. What is the time when she reaches her destination? A 8.00am B 810am Cc 815am D 8.30am Solid X with dimensions 4 cm x 2 mm x 3 cm has a mass of 3.5 g. What is its density? A 0.055 g/em* B 15glcm? C 0.15 cmi/g D 1.05 cmig Which of the substances would sink if they are dropped into water? (The density of water is 1000 kg/m?) Object Mass (kg) Volume (mm?) A 10 Os. B 5 0.002 c 0.4 02 D 2 4 ©cLM PeLis C ianeres Unit 1 Measurements, Density and Speed21 22 23 24" 25* Astudent carries out an experiment to determine the density of an irregular-shaped stone. The following results are obtained: 41cm’ 25m? water Sond The volume before The volume after the stone is added the stone is added If the mass of the stone is 0.03 kg, what is the density of the stone? A 19g/cm? B 0.91 g/cm? © 0.81 g/cm? D 2.2 g/cm? Which of the following statements is always true? A __ An object of density 0.90 g/cm? will always sink in a liquid of 1.2 g/cm*. B_ An object with a density higher than a liquid will sink in the liquid. C_— Asolid object will always sink in a liquid. D When the mass of a substance decreases and the volume increases, its density increases. The density of alcohol is 0.79 g/cm®. When a cork and a gold ring are dropped into the alcohol, the cork floats while the gold ring sinks. Which of the following statements is true? A The cork has a higher density than the gold. B The cork has a density above 0.79 g/cm*. C The gold ring has a density below 0.79 g/cm?. D The density of the gold ring is always higher than the cork. The original level of water in a measuring cylinder is 20.0 cm?. A small piece of stone is then dropped into the measuring cylinder. The level of water rises to 24.5 cm®. If the density of the stone is 6.45 g/cm*, what is the mass of the stone? A 14g B 299 Cc 299 D 162g Astone is dropped into a measuring cylinder before the original level of water is recorded. The level of water rises to 28.5 cm®. If the stone has a mass of 12.0 g and a density of 2.5 g/cm’, what is the original level of water in the measuring cylinder? A 22.6 cm? B 24.3 cm Cc 22.5 cm? D 23.7 cm? ©GLM Pre Lid26 Given the density of the following objects: 27 28 29 Alcohol = .79 gicm? Water = 1.00 gicm? Mercury = 13.60 g/cm? Which of the following statements is true? A Water will sink in mercury. B Alcohol will always float in water. Mercury will always float in alcohol. D Alcohol will be in between water and mercury in the container. Which of the following blocks is made of the least dense material? Block ‘Mass (9) Length (cm) | Breadth(cm) | _ Height (cm) A 450 2 5 1 B 300 4 8 3 c 750 10 12 20 D 550 3 2 4 Which of the following is not true about density? A Each substance has a fixed density. B The density of a substance will change if it is heated. C The density is a measure of the volume of a substance. D When two substances dissolve and mix well together, the mixture has a new value of density. Three liquids A, B and C are contained in separate beakers as shown below. liquid A liquid B liquid C mass 50 g mass 100 g mass 50 g volume 100 cm? volume 150 cm* volume 20 cm* Which of the following statements is true about the liquids? A __ Liquid B is the densest liquid. B The density of liquid A is half the density of liquid B. C Liquid B has a lower density than Liquid C. D_Allthree liquids have the same densities, ©GLM PteLid Grrysicsi Unit 1 Measurements, Density and Speed3 (a) Explain the meaning meniscus. (b) Determine the volume of the following measurements. cm? 32 @ 31 (ii) 30 4 (a) Whatis parallax error when reading a measurement from a metre rule? (b) A student measures the length of a book as shown below. —— book prea (i) Name the type of error committed by the student, (ii) What is the actual length of the book? 5 Suggest the appropriate instrument to measure the following items. (a) Awooden rod of length 15.3 cm (b) The depth of a mug (©) The external diameter of table tennis (d)_ The length of electrical cable of 2 m (e)_ The thickness of a mobile phone ©GLM PreLid C rar Unit 1 Measurements, Density and Speed(a) Define speed. (b) Whatis the SI unit for speed? (©) Consider the followings: Measurement A Measurement B Length: 20 m Length: 8 m Time: 4s Time: 2s Which measurement, A or B, shows a greater speed? Explain your answer. The diagram below shows a hot air balloon designed by a student. thin plastic bag candle box: When a candle is placed in the box, it heats up the air above it. The density of the heated air is lower than the cold air around the hot air balloon. (@) Will the hot air balloon rise, sink or remain at the original position? (b) Explain your answer in (a). (c) The mass of the heated air is const: fant. Which factor ha: the heated air to decrease? Explai S chan Jed to ci ity of in your answer. 19 ause the density8* (a) Whatis the average speed of a truck if it takes 35 minutes to travel 25 km from position X to position Y? (b) Atrain travels at a speed of 50 km/h, Determine the distance the train has travelled in 15 minutes. (c) Aboy cycles ata speed of 25 km/h. What is the time taken for him to travel a distance of 15 km? Express the answer in minutes. 9 (a) Aspeed of a moving object is 20 mis. Convert the speed into kmh. (b) Mary starts her jogging at 7 m/s for the first 4200 m and then rests for 15 minutes. After that she walks briskly at 1.5 m/s for another 450 m followed by 8 m/s for a distance of 7200 m before. she finishes her exercise. Determine her average speed for the whole exercise. $ 10* The mass of 800 marble ballsis 600 g. When the balls are dropped into the bottom of a measuring cylinder, the water in the cylinder rises from 10.5 cm’ to 15.5 cm’, {a) Calculate the density of one marble ball. @rrysicsi) Unit 1 Measurements, Density and Speed ©GLM Pe Lid(b) Another 208 of the same marble balls are dropped into the measuring cylinder, what will be the new level of water in the measuring cylinder? 11‘ The diagram below shows a liquid in a container. 82cm 7.5cm 62cm The density of the liquid is 800 kg/m®, (a) Calculate the volume of the liquid (leave your answer in m?). (b) Calculate the mass of the liquid. Section C: Free Response Questions 1 The following shows how a student measures the length of a book. Describe three errors made by the student in the measurement of the book. OGLM Pre Lid2 (a) Whatis the S.1, unit for volume? (b) Give two instruments that provide accuracy in volume measurement. (c) Describe an experimental procedure to obtain the volume of a small irregular-shaped stone. 3* Aman plans to travel from country A to country B either by air or by car. By air, it only takes three hours. However, if he travels by car, he will spend 15 hours more compared to the time taken by air. The distance between the two cities is 1750 km. (a) Calculate the average speed if he travels by air in km/h. (b) Calculate the average speed if he travels by car in km/h. {c)_ Whatis the average speed of the car in mis? C Taare *) Unit 1 Measurements, Density and Speed OGLM Pte Lid Ll &an Ametal alloy is made by the following mixtures of metals: (a) (b) (c) (d) Mass used (9) Density (g/cm*) Metal P 50 25 Metal Q 100 15 Metal R 20 2.0 Determine the volume of metal P used. Determine the volume of metal Q used. Determine the volume of metal R used. Calculate the density of the metal alloy. ©GLM Pte Ltd