Chapter 1 Diversity of Living and Non-living Things

23. The diagrams below show two animals.

Animal X Animal Y

(a) State two differences between the two animals based

only on your observations.
(Do not compare shapes, sizes, colours and patterns.)

(b) Based on your knowledge, how are the two animals

similar in how they reproduce?

(c) Based on your knowledge, how are the two animals

similar in how they breathe?

(d) Based on your knowledge, how do the body

temperatures of the two animals change with the
surrounding temperature?
24. Study the classification chart below.

Animal

Does it lay Yes Yes

Does it have Z
eggs? wings?

No No

Does it live> Yes • W

on land?

(a) State two characteristics of animal Y.

(b) Which two animals are likely to be mammals? Explain

your answer.
Chapter 1 Diversity of Living and Non-living Things

25. The diagrams below show fungi growing on a rotting log and
a fern growing on a tree.

l'4441•1144
4*-'-- fungus fern
(C)1111 " rotting log

The fern does not obtain its food from the tree that it grows
on.

(a) How are the two organisms in the diagrams similar in

their methods of reproduction?

(b) How are the two organisms in the diagrams different in

their methods of obtaining food?
Chapter 1 Diversity of Living and Non-living Things

29. Study the set-ups below. The plants are watered daily.
cardboard box
without any hole cardboard box

hole
"•:* • '4.4.

111
Set-up A Set-up B
glass box
cardboard box without any hole

/".
• ..#4.
4•,` • -

111/
Set-un C Set-uD D

(a) In which set-ups will the plant grow healthily? Explain

your answer.

(b) (i) In which of the set-ups mentioned in (a) will the

plant not grow upright after a few days? Explain
your answer.

(ii) What is the characteristic of living things that

explains your answer to (b)(i)?
 Chapter 1 Diversity of Living and Non-living Things

30. An experiment was conducted with three pieces of bread. Each

piece of bread was wrapped in plastic and placed on a plate.
The three plates were left untouched for two weeks in the
same dark and warm location.

fresh bread toasted bread moist bread

plastic plastic plastic
wrap wrap wrap

Plate P Plate Q Plate R

(a) What are the conditions for bread mould to grow?

(b) Based on the given information, suggest the aim of the

experiment.

(c) State two variables to be kept the same to ensure a fair

test.

(d) Arrange the plates P. Q and R in order, beginning with

the plate with the least amount of bread mould at the
end of two weeks.
Chapter 1 Diversity of Living and Non-living Things

o
37.
OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
The graph shows how the body temperature of the bob cat
and body temperature of the rattlesnake change with the
surrounding temperature.
Body
temperature (°C)

40

30

20

10

Surrounding
0 10 20 30 40 temperature (°C)

(a) How do the body temperature of the bob cat and body
temperature of the rattlesnake change with temperature?

(b) Based on the diagram, what other difference do the bob

cat and rattlesnake have? (Do not compare shape, size
and pattern.)
 Chapter 1 Diversity of Living and Non-living Things

(c) How do the bob cat and rattlesnake similar in their

method of breathing?

38. In the experiment shown below, a number of microorganism

E is placed in a glass dish that contains water.
glass dish hole in
containing water aluminium foil

part that
helps it tc •
move in
water
Glass dish is Aluminium foil
Microorganism covered with an is removed.
aluminium foil.

(a) Microorganism E needs water and light to survive.

What other thing does microorganism E need for survival?

(b) Scientists say microorganism E is similar to plants. How is

microorganism E similar to plants?

(c) What can you conclude from the above experiment?

Explain your answer.

© Educational Publishing House Pte Ltd 33

39. Suzy sets up an experiment as shown and places an earthworm
near end A of a clear plastic tube. Half of the plastic tube is
covered with a piece of black paper.

black paper lamp

earthworm
A A

I —
clear plastic I earthworm
tube
cotton wool cotton wool
Set-up 1 Set-up 2

She then transfers the dry cotton wool from end B to end A
of the plastic tube and places the earthworm near end B of
the plastic tube.

In both experiments, she observes that the earthworm moves

into the part of the plastic tube that is covered with black
paper.

(a) What is the aim of Suzy's experiment?

(b) Suggest one improvement Suzy can make to make her

experiment fair.

(c) Suggest how Suzy can modify the above set-up to find
out whether earthworms prefer dry places or moist places.
 Chapter 1 Diversify of Living and Non-living Things

40. In a school project, a team of pupils placed an identical fresh

orange in each of four boxes with different conditions.

After a week, they recorded the percentage of the surface

area on each orange that is covered with mould.

Percentage of surface area

Temperature Moisture in
Box on orange covered with
(°C) the air (%)
mould (%)

A 25 5 20

B 25 20 80

C 5 5 0

D 5 20 2

(a) How does the mould get to the orange?

(b) Where does the mould obtain its food to grow?

(c) Does the mould grow faster in cold temperature or warm

temperature? Explain your answer based on the students'
results.

(d) Does the mould grow faster in dry places or moist places?
Explain your answer based on the students' results.
Chapter 1 Diversify of Living and Non-living Things

41. A student placed 20 cockroaches in the middle of a container

with four compartments as shown.

After one day, he counted the number of cockroaches found

in each compartment.

Compartment Number of cockroaches

Bright and dry 1

Bright and damp 4

Dark and dry 4

Dark and damp 11

(a) Why did the student place the cockroaches in the middle
of the box?

(b) Do cockroaches prefer to live in bright or dark places?

Explain your answer.

(c) Do cockroaches prefer to live in dry or damp places?

Explain your answer.
Chapter 1 Diversity of Living and Non-living Things

44. Vasha mixes yeast, flour and water at 10 °C and records tho
increase in the amount of yeast after 5 days.

The yeast cells obtain food from the flour and reproduce.

She repeats the above step with different temperatures, 20 °C

30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C.

Increase in the
amount of yeast
after 5 days

1 1 1 1 • Temperature (°C)
10 20 30 40 50 60

(a) What broad group of living things does yeast belong to

(b) What variable does Vasha need to keep constant in he

experiment?

(c) Based on the graph, at what temperature of water wil

the yeast grow the fastest?

(d) What happens to the yeast at 60 °C?

 Chapter 1 Diversify of Living and Non-living Things

45. A scientist carries out three experiments to find out the effect
of three substances, A, B and C, on the same type of bacteria.

In experiment 1, she counts the number of bacterial cells in a

glass dish of agar at 35 °C. At time 30 min, she adds substance
A. At time 60 min, she removes substance A.

She repeats the above steps for experiment 2 using substance

B and for experiment 3 using substance C. She plots the results
for the three experiments on the same axes as shown.

Experment 1 with
Number of bacterial cells
substance A
ni Experment 2 with
-
I I substance B

-
El Experment 3 with

30
I 60 90
NE substance C

■ Time (min)

+ +
Substance Substance
added removed

(a) Which substance prevents the growth of bacteria but does

not kill the bacteria? Explain your answer.

(b) Which substance is the most effective in killing the

bacteria? Explain your answer.

(c) Suggest why the number of bacterial cells in experiment

1 does not increase even after substance A is removed.