Physical Geography A Landscape

Appreciation 9th Edition McKnight Test

Bank
Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/physical-geography-a-landscape-appreciation-9th-edition-mcknight-test-bank/
Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Over the last century and a half, the main source of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide has been 1)
________.
A) rock decomposition
B) burning of fossil fuels
C) photoperiodism
D) volcanoes
E) photosynthesis
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2) Which of the following is a function of water in plants? 2)

A) Water dissolves nutrients.
B) Chemical reactions take place in water.
C) Water carries nutrients to all parts of plants.
D) Water carries away waste products.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3) Which of the following is NOT an example of climatic influence on the biosphere? 3)

A) Temperature
B) Wind
C) Edaphic conditions
D) Moisture
E) all of the above are examples
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

1
4) Of the main nutrients in the biosphere, the one that is "fixed" inside nodules in certain plant roots is 4)
________.
A) oxygen B) nitrogen C) carbon D) calcium E) hydrogen
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

5) The Linnaean system of classification is ________. 5)

A) based on three Latin names for each species
B) sadly outdated
C) hierarchical
D) so successful that it has not had to be modified
E) completely objective
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

6) A(n) ________ is another term for a consumer. 6)

A) producer
B) heterotroph
C) photosynthetic plant
D) autotroph
E) bryophyte
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

7) In nutrient cycles in general, minerals tend to be dispersed through ________. 7)

A) evaporation
B) conduction
C) surface and subsurface runoff
D) assimilation
E) plant action
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2
 8) ________ is a tree which scatters its seeds only after a fire. 8)
A) Southern yellow pine
B) Mangrove
C) Cottonwood
D) Cactus
E) Oak
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

9) ________ is the term for the total complex of plant and animal life in an area. 9)
A) Ecosystem B) Fauna C) Flora D) Ecotone E) Biota
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

10) Why is the Linnaean system of limited interest to geographers? 10)

A) not based on distributions
B) too simple
C) not in English
D) not logical
E) too difficult
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

11) Concerning the biosphere, the geographic viewpoint is most often concerned with ________. 11)
A) specific plants
B) taxonomy
C) distributions and relationships
D) specific animals
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3
12) Concerning oxygen, which of the following is FALSE? 12)
A) Most life cannot function without oxygen.
B) It helped produce the first life on Earth.
C) It was scarce in Earth's early atmosphere.
D) Photosynthesis produces oxygen.
E) Most oxygen has a biological origin.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

13) Earth has ________ species of animals compared to the number of plant species. 13)
A) about 100 more
B) about 100 fewer
C) many more
D) many fewer
E) about the same number of
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

14) The conversion of nitrates into free nitrogen ________. 14)

A) happens in the process of photosynthesis
B) is accomplished by bacteria
C) is called "fixing" of nitrogen
D) does not happen in nature
E) is not correctly described above
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15) The geographic study of living organisms is ________. 15)

A) biology
B) biogeography
C) phytology
D) geomorphology
E) limnology
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

4
16) Which of the following does NOT belong with the others? 16)
A) wind
B) oxygen cycle
C) edaphic influences
D) topographic influences
E) light
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

17) Net primary productivity is greatest on land ________. 17)

A) in the middle latitudes
B) where nutrients are least
C) in the tropics
D) where nutrients are greatest
E) in the polar latitudes
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18) In the language of the food chain, herbivorous animals are called ________. 18)
A) primary consumers
B) secondary consumers
C) tertiary consumers
D) dominant
E) the apex
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

19) In which type of environment does the number of species tend to be the greatest? 19)
A) very cold places
B) places with moderate temperatures
C) very warm places
D) species number is unrelated to temperature
E) places where cellular water occasionally freezes
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

5
20) Which of the following terms is the LEAST specific? 20)
A) fauna B) species C) flora D) benthos E) biota
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

21) Carbon dioxide and water and light combined to create carbohydrates is a vital portion of which 21)
cycle?
A) nitrogen
B) hydrologic
C) carbon
D) energy
E) oxygen
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

22) Carbon is fixed in the biosphere through ________ into carbohydrate compounds. 22)
A) photosynthesis
B) bacteria
C) transit
D) biomes
E) dentrification
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

23) The energy source for the biosphere is 23)

A) reflected energy from the moon.
B) radioactivity in rocks.
C) heat from volcanoes.
D) light from the Sun.
E) all of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

6
24) Organismic response to the length of exposure to light in a 24 hour period is called ________. 24)
A) photoperiodism
B) biome
C) photosynthesis
D) dentrification
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

25) How were the Yellowstone fires of 1988 eventually extinguished? 25)
A) The fire ran out of trees to burn.
B) The wind blew them out.
C) Thousands of park visitors fought the fire.
D) The park rangers put them out.
E) Rain put them out.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

26) The biogeochemical cycles are considered to have been in a planetwide steady-state condition for 26)
the last ________ billion years.
A) one million
B) one billion
C) one trillion
D) ten
E) one thousand
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

27) Which of the following elements DOES NOT have a sedimentary cycle? 27)
A) Phosphorous
B) Calcium
C) Zinc
D) Sulfur
E) Nitrogen
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

7
28) At almost any scale, the most prominent environmental constraints on biota are exerted by various 28)
________ factors.
A) air pollution
B) climatic
C) edaphic
D) topographic
E) soil
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

29) Most of the carbon near Earth's surface is held in ________. 29)
A) geologic deposits
B) animals
C) glaciers
D) forests
E) lakes
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

30) Which biogeochemical cycle exists because of the work of bacteria? 30)
A) nitrogen
B) oxygen
C) carbon
D) energy
E) hydrologic
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

31) In the selva, the vegetation is ________. 31)

A) resistant to long droughts
B) usually damaged by nasty monkeys
C) dominated by broadleaf evergreen trees
D) short tundra grasses
E) seemingly unrelated to the environmental "spheres"
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

8
32) This entity has the greatest percentage of is mass as water:: 32)
A) earthworm
B) rock
C) humans
D) soil
E) tomatoes
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

33) Wildfire can be said to ________. 33)

A) be beneficial to some ecosystems
B) be capable of changing the composition of biota
C) be catastrophic to some ecosystems
D) cause some seeds to open
E) accomplish all of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

34) Which of the following is a source of atmospheric oxygen in the oxygen cycle? 34)
A) the burning of fossil fuels
B) decomposition of water during photosynthesis
C) the weathering of rocks
D) water from plant transpiration
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

35) Of the total solar energy reaching the Earth, ________ percent is fixed by photosynthesis. 35)
A) 10 B) 5 C) 40 D) 1 E) <1
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

9
36) Which of the below is cycled in minor amounts compared to the other substances on the list? 36)
A) water
B) oxygen
C) phosphorous
D) carbon dioxide
E) nitrogen
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

37) A(n) ________ is another way in which a food chain can be conceptualized. 37)
A) way of gaining energy at every step
B) final link at the apex
C) food pyramid
D) open system
E) sedimentary cycle
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

38) ________ are floating plants or animals. 38)

A) Nekton
B) Terrestrial life
C) Flora
D) Plankton
E) Benthos
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

39) Photosynthesis is a main means of fixing ________ in the ecosystem. 39)

A) carbon dioxide
B) benthos
C) oxygen
D) nekton
E) all of the above
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

10
40) The textbook concludes ___________. 40)
A) no one knows how far birds migrate
B) all songbirds are about to die
C) the bobolink has become extinct
D) bird migration patterns have been unchanged for thousands of years
E) global climate change affects bird populations
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

41) Planetwide, a balance of chemicals is maintained by ________. 41)

A) solar radiation
B) decomposition
C) seasonal patterns
D) cycles
E) negative feedbacks
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

42) Before Yellowstone's massive fires of 1988 much of the park was covered by ________. 42)
A) lodgepole pine forest
B) Eastern hemlock forest
C) Sequoia trees
D) Great Plains grasslands
E) tundra
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

43) The following element(s) have a sedimentary cycle. 43)

A) all of the above
B) zinc
C) phosphorus
D) sulfur
E) copper
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

11
44) The relationship between climates and fauna is ________. 44)
A) important
B) non-existent
C) important and obvious
D) just as distinct as with their floral counterparts
E) unknown
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

45) Biological amplification is most closely associated with ________. 45)

A) carbon dioxide
B) DDT
C) loud birds
D) ozone
E) elephants
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

46) Plant decomposition releases ________ into the atmosphere. 46)

A) oxygen
B) nitrogen
C) carbon dioxide
D) sulpher
E) neon
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

47) In terms of broad distribution patterns, ________ and ________ have a particularly close 47)
correlation.
A) soil, vegetation
B) fur-bearing animals, climate
C) wildfire, soil
D) soil, climate
E) climate, vegetation
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

12
48) The end product of photosynthesis is (are) ________. 48)
A) water
B) unknown
C) carbohydrates
D) carbon dioxide
E) light
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

49) Animals which eat plants are also known as ________. 49)
A) secondary consumers
B) carnivores
C) predators
D) final consumers
E) herbivores
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

50) In most organisms, ________ is the most plentiful substance making up their mass. 50)
A) nitrogen
B) oxygen
C) solid material
D) carbon dioxide
E) water
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

51) Which of the following does NOT belong with the others? 51)
A) nekton
B) plankton
C) terrestrial biota
D) benthos
E) oceanic biota
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

13
52) The response of an organism to the amount of light it receives in a day is termed ________. 52)
A) photoperiodism
B) ecotone
C) photosynthesis
D) dentrification
E) edaphic
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

53) In studying environmental relationships, which of the following is true? 53)

A) Neither interspecific nor intraspecific relationships study is at the scale of the biome.
B) Both interspecific and intraspecific relationships need to be considered.
C) Intraspecific relationships need to be considered.
D) Neither interspecific nor intraspecific relationships need to be considered.
E) Interspecific relationships need to be considered.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

54) Until Yellowstone's devastating fire season of 1988, which of the following was the park's official 54)
policy?
A) allow human-caused fires to burn
B) allow wildfires to burn
C) don't allow any fires to burn
D) allow all fires to burn
E) start fires on purpose
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

55) The present binomial system of biological classification was devised by 55)
A) Wallace. B) Linnaeus. C) Huxley. D) Aristotle. E) Darwin.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

14
56) Compared to the others, which of the following is the "hardest to pin down?" 56)
A) biosphere
B) hydrosphere
C) lithosphere
D) atmosphere
E) all of the above: they are equally imprecise
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

57) Most atmospheric free nitrogen is cycled to Earth by means of ________. 57)
A) rain
B) assimilation
C) weathering
D) mining
E) none of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

58) In Yellowstone, what was true about tourism and the devastating fires of 1988? 58)
A) Many tourists were killed.
B) The fires were quenched by parking many RVs to block their paths.
C) Tourism has come back stronger than ever.
D) Tourism was unaffected.
E) Tourists, when surveyed, did not want to view "burned stumps".
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

59) The driving force behind all life cycles in the entire biosphere is 59)
A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) nitrogen. D) water. E) the Sun.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15
60) Which of the following is another term for a tropical rainforest? 60)
A) savanna B) flora C) selva D) steppe E) fauna
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

61) Which of the following does not refer to life in the oceans? 61)
A) plankton B) benthos C) nekton D) food chain E) vadose
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

62) Considering all major biogeochemical cycles, the human input is 62)
A) never likely to be important.
B) insignificant.
C) making major alternations in most cycles.
D) is several times larger than the natural fluxes of mass and energy.
E) limited to the carbon cycle.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

63) Net primary productivity is greatest in the oceans ________. 63)

A) in the polar latitudes
B) in the middle latitudes
C) in the tropics
D) where nutrients are greatest
E) where nutrients are least
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

16
64) ________ is (are) a common feature of the hydrology of tropical rainforests. 64)
A) Streams running part of the year
B) Water in life rather than in streams
C) Few streams
D) Swamps
E) Lakes
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

65) Which cycle has been significantly altered by humans? 65)

A) oxygen
B) nitrogen
C) nutrient
D) carbon
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

66) Which of the following is (are) important concerning edaphic influences on plants? 66)
A) relative abundance of soil organisms
B) moisture supply
C) soil texture
D) nutrient supply
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

67) The Linnaean classification system is based mainly on ________. 67)

A) edaphic factors
B) root depth
C) anatomical similarities
D) flower type
E) all of the above
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

17
68) Humans fit into the food pyramid as ________. 68)
A) primary consumers
B) herbivores
C) secondary producers
D) the apex of the pyramid
E) primary producers
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

69) It is estimated that most of Earth's presently living but unidentified species are ________. 69)
A) mammals
B) in the Tundra biome
C) infertile
D) hindering scientific study because they defy Linnaean classification
E) microscopic
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

70) In the concept of the food chain, the fundamental unit consists of ________. 70)
A) predators
B) bacteria
C) plants
D) secondary consumers
E) humans
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

71) Animal wastes on the ground form a part of the ________ cycle. 71)
A) copper
B) oxygen
C) nitrogen
D) carbon
E) phosphorous
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18
72) If the biosphere is to function properly, its components must be ________. 72)
A) fully used up within biogeochemical cycles
B) replaced from the ocean
C) arranged so that they don't become "fixed"
D) recycled
E) replaced from space
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

73) In relation to wildfire, the California redwood and the southern yellow pine are ________. 73)
A) susceptible to starting wildfires by bursting into flame
B) heavily damaged by the least amount of fire
C) "fireproof"
D) in biomes where fire is not common
E) plants that need fire to open their cones
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

74) Approximately how many species of plants are in existence? 74)

A) 6,000,000 B) 150,000 C) 600,000 D) 1,500 E) 6,000
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

75) Of the climatic factors, ________ is usually the most limited in its impact on biotic distributions. 75)
A) wind
B) light
C) temperature
D) photoperiodism
E) moisture
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

19
76) The effects of soil on flora and fauna are called ________. 76)
A) ecotonal
B) biotic
C) edaphic
D) topographic
E) transitory
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

77) In the devastating Yellowstone fires of 1988, what was the impact on wildlife? 77)
A) Most of the large animals perished.
B) None of the wildlife was harmed.
C) Most of it survived.
D) Most of it was destroyed.
E) Large animals were completely driven from the park.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

78) ________ is the term for the physical amount of plant material at a location. 78)
A) Biology
B) Biomass
C) Intraspecific composition
D) Biome
E) Biota
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

79) The effect of winds on life is 79)

A) mostly negative.
B) almost always positive.
C) mostly positive.
D) a mix of positive and negative.
E) almost always negative.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

20
80) Which of the following is the form of nitrogen that is readily available for plants? 80)
A) nitrous oxide
B) solid nitrogen
C) nitrates
D) liquid nitrogen
E) nitrates
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

81) The effects of wildfire 81)

A) are always negative for plant life.
B) are relatively rare on Earth.
C) are usually temporary.
D) seldom change the composition of the biota.
E) are to permanently prohibit the existence of biota.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

82) Fires are necessary to recycle ________. 82)

A) nutrients B) water C) rocks D) energy E) oxygen
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

83) The availability of moisture to plants is largely determined by ________. 83)

A) light
B) precipitation versus evaporation
C) evaporation
D) precipitation
E) all of the above
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

21
84) Which of the following is one of the key environmental constraints on biota? 84)
A) temperature
B) light
C) soil
D) moisture
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

85) Of the biogeochemical cycles which have been interfered with by the actions of humans, which is 85)
thought to be likely to have the most far-reaching effects on the biosphere?
A) oxygen B) copper C) water D) carbon E) nitrogen
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

86) Atmospheric nitrogen which can be assimilated by plants is ________ nitrogen. 86)
A) fixed B) dentrified C) legume D) liberated E) juvenile
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

87) Animals or plants living on the sea bottom are ________. 87)
A) part of the lithosphere
B) fish
C) nekton
D) benthos
E) xerophytes
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

22
88) Net primary productivity is measured in ________ per year. 88)
A) watts per square meters
B) kilograms per square meter
C) centimeters
D) kilograms
E) watts
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

89) The conversion of recyclable components within the biosphere takes place ________. 89)
A) sometimes in less than a decade
B) using energy
C) continually
D) sometimes over hundreds of millions of years
E) in all of the above ways
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

90) Of the sum total of environmental relationships affecting plant distributions, ________ is the least 90)
predictable.
A) temperature
B) topography
C) succession
D) edaphic influences
E) wildfire
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

91) Which of the following does NOT describe the Linnaean biological taxonomy? 91)
A) hierarchical
B) comprehensive
C) binomial
D) losing acceptance
E) formulated in the 1700s
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

23
92) Amongst the biogeochemical cycles, which one can be said to operate rapidly? 92)
A) carbon dioxide
B) nitrogen
C) oxygen
D) rock
E) helium
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

93) For about the last ________ years, Earth has had about the same balance of chemical components 93)
that now persists.
A) 1 million
B) 10,000
C) 500 million
D) 1 billion
E) 100,000
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

94) According to the food chain concept, it takes ________ kilograms of plankton to make one kilogram 94)
of weight gain for a human.
A) 1 B) 1,000 C) 100 D) 10 E) 1,000,000
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

95) Which components are necessary for photosynthesis to occur? 95)

A) water, oxygen, and light
B) oxygen and light
C) water and light
D) carbon dioxide, light, and water
E) carbon dioxide and light
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

24
96) Plants are eaten by ________. 96)
A) primary producers
B) carnivores
C) herbivores
D) the most plentiful animals in the food chain
E) secondary consumers
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

97) Seasonal behavior in plants and animals is stimulated by ________. 97)

A) temperature
B) wildfire
C) edaphic influences
D) photosynthesis
E) photoperiodism
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

98) Which of the following includes NON-LIVING components? 98)

A) biota B) flora C) benthos D) fauna E) soil
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

99) What is true of the 1988 Yellowstone fires? 99)

A) They were caused by arsonists.
B) They closed the park for the summer.
C) They will have more positive than negative effects.
D) They were eventually put out by park rangers.
E) all of the above are true
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

25
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

100) ________ consist of plants and animals usually microscopic in size that float about in the 100)
oceans, drifting with the currents and tides.
Answer: Plankton
Explanation:

101) Most atmospheric oxygen is a result of light decomposing water during the process of 101)
________.
Answer: photosynthesis
Explanation:

102) The ________ cycle is the biogeochemical cycle NOT associated with fluxes of mass. 102)
Answer: energy
Explanation:

103) ________ competition is competition among members of different species. 103)

Answer: Interspecific
Explanation:

104) The basic process whereby plants produced stored chemical energy is called ________. 104)
Answer: photosynthesis
Explanation:

105) Encompassed in life, water is classified as in transit or ________. 105)

Answer: in residence
Explanation:

106) As one conceptualization of a food chain, the ________ is a food chain based on the 106)
quantity and bulk of its units. There are several levels with each level containing less bulk
and density than the level before.
Answer: food pyramid
Explanation:

107) The ________ cycle is one of Earth's biogeochemical cycles upon which humans have had a 107)
major impact.
Answer: carbon or nitrogen
Explanation:

108) Water is necessary for plants to survive. If water is not present at a location, it becomes a 108)
________ (2 words) for the survival of a plant.
Answer: limiting factor
Explanation:

109) How do plants create carbohydrates? 109)

Answer: By fixing solar energy into chemical form in the photosynthetic process using water
and carbon dioxide
Explanation:

26
 110) ________ refers to plants and is one of two subdivisions of Earth's biota. 110)
Answer: Flora
Explanation:

111) The cases of cattle egrets and coconut palms illustrate the influence of ________ on 111)
distributions of plants and animals.
Answer: migration and/or dispersal
Explanation:

112) A(n) ________ is another term for a secondary consumer. 112)

Answer: predator
Explanation:

113) ________ refers to the conversion of nitrates into free nitrogen. 113)
Answer: Denitrification
Explanation:

114) In the early days of Earth history, ________ was poisonous to living cells; now this 114)
substance is required by living cells.
Answer: oxygen
Explanation:

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

115) Green plants respire carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. 115)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

116) The oxygen in the atmosphere is primarily derived from plant respiration. 116)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

117) Wind is a major factor in reducing moisture in organisms. 117)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

118) Geographers are keen users of the Linnaean classification system. 118)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

119) The biosphere contains more than a half a million carbon compounds. 119)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

120) The bottom link in the food pyramid consists of organisms called benthos. 120)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

27
121) The Brazilian people have found that deforesting the rainforest has led to the increase of excellent 121)
farmland.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

122) When livestock escapes to live in nature it is termed "feral". 122)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

123) The effect of wind on plants is also known as the edaphic influence. 123)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

124) Excessive nitrogen in lakes depletes oxygen content. 124)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

125) It can be said that most of the world's deforestation relates to agroforestry. 125)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

126) Linnaeus was the author of the most widely used biological taxonomy. 126)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

127) Fires always endanger a tree's ability to survive. 127)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

128) The biotic nutrients are finite and limited in quantity. 128)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

129) The main source of free nitrogen is action by soil microorganisms and plant roots on air spaces in 129)
the soil.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

130) The interrelated web of cycles in the world are known as biogeochemical cycles. 130)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

131) Animals subsisting on smaller animals are called primary consumers. 131)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

132) The Linnaean system of classification is binomial. 132)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

28
133) Most organisms can exist for months or more without water. 133)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

134) Water in the biosphere is a closed system. 134)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

135) Dentrification converts nitrates into free oxygen in the atmosphere. 135)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

136) The absence of light is an absolute limitation on terrestrial vegetation. 136)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

137) The most powerful predator in a given area sits atop the local food pyramid. 137)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

138) The burning of fossil fuels represents a release of carbon which has been in storage for millions of 138)
years.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

139) Fluctuation in the photoperiod stimulates seasonal behavior in both plants and animals. 139)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

140) Most carbon has already been released from the Earth's crust to the atmosphere. 140)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

141) Water is the source of hydrogen for living things in the biosphere. 141)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

142) Central Africa currently has a relatively low rate of rainfall development. 142)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

143) "Exotic" species are those that live in trees. 143)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

144) Some substances are very stable and become harmfully concentrated in the higher levels of the food 144)
chain..
Answer: True False
Explanation:

29
145) Today, native plants are widespread in the parts of the world sparsely populated by humans. 145)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

146) The Earth has approximately 15,000,000 plant species. 146)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

147) With respect to organic matter, water is classified as "in residence" or "in transit." 147)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

148) A carnivorous animal is a primary producer. 148)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

149) Action by microorganisms creates fixed nitrogen. 149)

Answer: True False
Explanation:

150) The Amazon water hyacinth and the walking catfish are exotic species that have invaded Florida. 150)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

151) It has been calculated that about 0.1 percent of solar radiation is fixed in the biosphere by 151)
photosynthesis.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

152) The hydrilla is an example of a helpful exotic plant that has entered Florida. 152)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

153) Most plants are able to use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. 153)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

154) At the global scale, topographic influences are relatively unimportant to biotic distributions. 154)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

155) The main carbon cycle is conversion from carbon dioxide to living matter and back to carbon 155)
dioxide.
Answer: True False
Explanation:

156) The study of living organisms is more complex than the study of inorganic phenomena. 156)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

30
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

157) Imagine a lodgepole pine forest in Yellowstone National Park. Write a paragraph explaining five specific
environmental relationships important in the forest.
Answer:

158) Explain how a geographers approach to the study of organisms differs from a biologists study of organisms.
Answer:

159) Imagine a small ecosystem of 100 by 100 meters in extent. Invent and describe a situation in which the
environmental factors of moisture, wind, topography, and fire interact.
Answer:

160) The food chain is a valuable concept in biogeography. Give an example of a specific food chain, labeling the
various levels of the food chain.
Answer:

161) Explain the operation of the oxygen cycle on Earth. Include its pathways through the various spheres of the
environment.
Answer:

31
Answer Key
Testname: C10

1) B
2) E
3) C
4) B
5) C
6) B
7) C
8) A
9) E
10) A
11) C
12) B
13) C
14) B
15) B
16) B
17) C
18) A
19) B
20) E
21) D
22) A
23) D
24) A
25) E
26) B
27) E
28) B
29) A
30) A
31) C
32) E
33) E
34) E
35) E
36) C
37) C
38) D
39) A
40) E
41) D
42) A
43) E
44) A
45) B
46) C
47) E
48) C
49) E
50) E
32
Answer Key
Testname: C10

51) C
52) A
53) B
54) B
55) B
56) A
57) E
58) C
59) E
60) C
61) E
62) C
63) D
64) D
65) E
66) E
67) C
68) D
69) E
70) C
71) C
72) D
73) E
74) C
75) A
76) C
77) C
78) D
79) D
80) E
81) C
82) A
83) B
84) E
85) D
86) A
87) D
88) B
89) E
90) E
91) D
92) A
93) D
94) B
95) D
96) C
97) E
98) E
99) C
100) Plankton
33
Answer Key
Testname: C10

101) photosynthesis
102) energy
103) Interspecific
104) photosynthesis
105) in residence
106) food pyramid
107) carbon or nitrogen
108) limiting factor
109) By fixing solar energy into chemical form in the photosynthetic process using water and carbon dioxide
110) Flora
111) migration and/or dispersal
112) predator
113) Denitrification
114) oxygen
115) FALSE
116) TRUE
117) TRUE
118) FALSE
119) TRUE
120) FALSE
121) FALSE
122) TRUE
123) FALSE
124) TRUE
125) TRUE
126) TRUE
127) FALSE
128) TRUE
129) TRUE
130) TRUE
131) FALSE
132) TRUE
133) TRUE
134) TRUE
135) TRUE
136) TRUE
137) TRUE
138) TRUE
139) TRUE
140) FALSE
141) TRUE
142) TRUE
143) TRUE
144) TRUE
145) TRUE
146) FALSE
147) TRUE
148) FALSE
149) FALSE
150) TRUE
34
Answer Key
Testname: C10

151) TRUE
152) TRUE
153) FALSE
154) FALSE
155) TRUE
156) TRUE
157)
158)
159)
160)
161)

35