Let's Learn THB - 8

TEACHER’S HANDBOOK
LET’S LEARN
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
and
COMPOSITION
8
Includes:
— Answers of Book Exercises
— Additional Teacher’s Activity
P
P
Publications
P.P. PUBLICATIONS
(A Unit of P.P. Books Private Limited)
New Delhi-110015 (INDIA)
contenTs
TEACHER’S GUIDEBOOK WORKSHEET
1. Determiners.....................................................................3 1. Determiners...................................................................26
2. Verbs Expressing the Present Tense 2. Verbs Expressing the Present Tense
(Simple Present and Present Continuous)......................3 (Simple Present and Present Continuous)....................26
3. Verbs Expressing Present Perfect and 3. Present Perfect and Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous............................................4 Continuous Tense..........................................................26
4. Verbs Expressing Simple Past and 4. Verbs Expressing Simple Past and
Past Progressive/Past Continuous Tense.......................5 Past Progressive Tense.................................................27
5. Verbs Expressing Past Perfect and 5. Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous....................27
Past Perfect Progressive Tense......................................5 6. Simple Future and Future Continuous Tense................28
6. Verbs Expressing Simple Future and 7. Verbs Expressing Future Perfect and
Future Continuous Tense................................................6 Future Perfect Continuous Tense..................................28
7. Verbs Expressing Future Perfect and 8. Modal Auxiliaries...........................................................29
Future Perfect Continuous Tense....................................6 9. Comparisons.................................................................29
Revision Exercises I (Chapters 1 to 7)............................7 10. Conditional Sentences..................................................29
8. Modal Auxiliaries.............................................................8 11. Non-Finites....................................................................30
9. Comparisons (Degrees of Adjective and Adverbs)..........8 12. Active and Passive Voice..............................................30
10. Conditionals.....................................................................9 13. Direct and Indirect Speech............................................31
11. Non-Finites....................................................................10 14. Transformation of Sentences........................................31
12. Active and Passive Voice..............................................11 15. Phrases.........................................................................32
13. Direct and Indirect (Reported) Speech..........................12 16. Clauses.........................................................................32
Revision Exercises II (Chapters 8 to 13).......................13 17. Prepositions...................................................................33
14. Transformation of Sentences........................................14 18. Conjunctions..................................................................33
15. Phrases.........................................................................16 19. Punctuation and Capital Letters....................................33
16. Clauses.........................................................................16 20. Word Formation.............................................................34
17. Prepositions...................................................................17
18. Conjunctions..................................................................17 TEACHER’S ACTIVITY HANDBOOK
19. Punctuation and Capital Letters....................................18 (PAGES 35–49)
20. Word Formation.............................................................18
Revision Exercises III (Chapters 14 to 20)....................19
21. Comprehension Passages............................................20
24. Letter Writing.................................................................21
25. Notice Writing................................................................22
26. Message Writing............................................................22
27. Story Writing..................................................................23
Test Paper.....................................................................23
ANSWERS
LET’S LEARN ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION VIII
1. Determiners
Exercises (Pages 8-9)
1. 1. 7, a 2. a 3. 7 4. An, 7 5. 7
6. a, 7 7. The 8. an, the 9. 7 10. the
11. The, the 12. the, a
2. 1. Every 2. any 3. much 4. Many 5. A few
6. Much
3. 1. any 2. All 3. Both 4. other 5. many
6. Neither 7. Some 8. One, other 9. any 10. her
11. her 12. many 13. an, a 14. the, the, the, the, the, a, an, the, a, a, the
15. The, a, the, the, a, the, the, 7, a, the, the, any, them
2. Verbs Expressing the Present Tense

(Simple Present and Present Continuous)
1. 1. grow 2. shines 3. live, lives 4. goes 5. opens
6. do 7. closes 8. writes 9. plays 10. loses
2. 1. You don’t know her address.
Do you know her address?
Don’t you know her address?
2. Anu doesn’t do her work sincerely.
Does Anu do her work sincerely?
Does Anu not do her work sincerely?
3. These girls do not learn music everyday.
Do these girls learn music everyday?
Do these girls not learn music everyday?
4. He doesn’t like to play football.
Does he like to play football?
Does he not like to play football?
5. He doesn’t smoke cigarettes.
Does he like to smoke cigarettes?
Does he not like to smoke cigarettes.
6. It doesn’t rain a lot where your live.
Does it rain a lot where you live?
Does it not rain a lot where you live?
7. I don’t drink a lot of tea.
Do I drink a lot of tea?
Do I not drink a lot of tea?
8. The dog doesn’t bark at visitors.
Does the dog bark at visitors?
Does the dog not bark at visitors?
3
9. He does not work hard for his examinations.
Does he work hard for his examinations?
Does he not work hard for his examinations?
3. 1. Charity begins at home. 2. Never give advice to a crowd.
3. Things do not change; we change. 4. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
5. A stitch in time saves nine. 6. An empty vessel makes much noise.
7. Don’t cry over spilt milk. 8. Time and tide wait for no man.
9. Barking dogs seldom bite. 10. Birds of a feather flock together.
4. 1. go, are not going 2. are arriving, spend 3. wears, is wearing 4. carries, is carrying
5. is doing, works, is jogging 6. am noticing, have 7. seem
8. walk, am going
3. Verbs Expressing Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous

1. 1.
has passed 2. have brought 3. have finished 4. have returned
5. has taken 6. has solved 7. has just bought 8. have already written
9. have done 10. has not delivered
2. 1.
The peon has not rung the bell.
Has the peon rung the bell?
Has the peon not rung the bell?
2. Rajni has not lost her purse in the fair.
Has Rajni lost her purse in the fair?
Has Rajni not lost her purse in the fair?
3. I have not completed my homework today.
Have I completed my homework today?
Have I not completed my homework today?
4. The government has not passed a new law this year.
Has the government passed a new law this year?
Has the government not passed a new law this year?
5 You have not bought a new car this year?
Have you bought a new car this year?
Have you not bought a new car this year?
6. All the students have not paid their fees.
Have all the students paid their fees?
Have all the students not paid their fees?
7. The teacher has not helped me in solving the sums.
Has the teacher helped me in solving the sums?
Has the teacher not helped me in solving the sums?
8. The train has just arrived at the platform?
Has the train just arrived at the platform?
Has the train not just arrived at the platform?
3. 1.
They have lived in this town for quite a long time.
They have lived in this town since 1900.
2. I haven’t smoked a cigarette since the day my teacher advised me against smoking. I haven’t smoked a cigarette
for the last 15 yrs.
3. My brother hasn’t sent us any money since the beginning of the year.
My brother hasn’t sent us any money for ten months now.
4. I haven’t eaten anything since last night.
I haven’t eaten anything for a whole day.
4 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

5. We haven’t written to each other for nearly one year.
We haven’t written to each other since last January.
6. He has worn the suit since the beginning of this month.
He has worn the suit for two weeks.
4. 1. have been playing, since 2. has been watering, for
3. have been trying, for 4. have been waiting, since
5. has been reading, since 6. has been teaching, since
7. have been following, since 8. has been raining
9. have been learning, for 10. have been cleaning, since
5. 1. has been working, since 2. have not seen, since
3. has already drunk 4. have been running
5. have been riding for 6. has been trying, has not succeeded
7. have spoken, has not done 8. has been boiling since
9. have been playing, since 10. have locked, have gone
11. have written, have not heard 12. have not met, have you been doing
13. has made 14. Have you heard
4. Verbs Expressing Simple Past and

Past Progressive/Past Continuous Tense
1. 1. realized 2. visited 3. started 4. carried 5. lighted
6. started 7. wanted 8. slept 9. shared 10. warned
2. 1. Did Jack hit John? 2. The birds flew over the house.
3. The boys slid and fell on the ice 4. Did the soldiers fight and win the battle?
5. She did not sing a song. 6. The child did not cry.
7. You didn’t work hard. 8. They did not run in the school ground.
9. Water froze in winter. 10. She wrote an English Grammar Book.
3. 1. robbed, tied, throw 2. bought 3. held 4. net
5. has shrunk 6. stung 7. bid 8. has been lying
9. laid, laid 10. rode
4. 1. crossed, sat 2. sat, had been shining 3. crossed, knocked 4. had been reading
5. slipped, injured, alighted
6. died 7. had died 8. had woken 9. was dictating
10. were 11. had paid 12. took 13. had found
14. heard 15. arrived, was mowing
5. Verbs Expressing Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive Tense

1. 1. had never seen 2. had attempted 3. had left 4. had bought 5. had finished
6. had chat 7. had worked 8. had finished 9. had completed 10. had not wasted
2. 1. returned 2. had rained 3. had left 4. met 5. began
6. had written 7. was 8. went, had fallen 9. had become 10. ran, had come
3. 1. She had worked a lot but failed in the examination.
2. He had visited many big cities and returned home.
3. The bell had rung when I entered the class.
4. When the doctor arrived the patient had died.
GRAMMAR VIII 5
5. He had finished his homework and went to sleep.
6. The mad dog which was killed had bitten my people.
7. She had finished the cooking when the guests arrived.
8. The mother had cooked the food before the guests came in.
10. The servant had finished his work when I called him.
11. We had spent all the money so we had to walk back home.
12. The people had extinguished the fire and the fire brigade arrived afterwards.
4. 1. The cat had been sitting in front of the fire since tea-time.
2. I wonder where he had been living since then!
3. Had she been waiting for me for more than two weeks?
4. Hadn’t he been avoiding work ever since he joined the office?
5. They had been rehearsing the play for six hours.
6. His luggage had been lying in the clock-room for more than one month.
7. I had already been thinking of getting rid of my maid-servant.
5. 1. had been waiting, came 2. had been working, started
3. had been trying 4. Had, been studying
5. Had, been participating 6. had been trying, did not succeed
7. Had, been waiting 8. had been playing, called
9. had been raining, came 10. had been waiting, came.
6. Verbs Expressing Simple Future and Future Continuous Tense

1. 1. will 2. will 3. shall 4. will 5. will
6. will 7. will 8. will 9. will 10. shall
2. 1. shall be 2. will not be, am leaving 3. is going to rain 4. is going to fall
5. shall be, will be leaving, will be finishing, will be taking
6. will not be, is going, 7. will be taking 8. shall open
3. 1. shall be preparing 2. will be rehearsing 3. will be sitting 4. will be doing
5. will be singing 6. will be blowing 7. will be thinking 8. will be landing
9. will be waiting 10. will be getting 11. will be writing 12. shall be doing
7. Verbs Expressing Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 1. will have 2. will have started
3. will have written 4. will have become
5. will have left 6. will have gone
7. will have read 8. will not bought
9. will have accepted 10. They shall have not brought
11. shall have delivered 12. will have finished
13. will have passed 14. will have eaten
2. 2. I will have cooked dinner by then. 3. The fire will have destroyed all the huts by then.
4. The train will have left by then. 5. He will not have made it by then.
6. I will not have saved enough money for a house. 7. But we will have paid them off by the end of the year.
3. 1. You will have been learning English for two hours.
2. She will have been singing continuously for an hour.
3. Ashok will have been living in Jaipur for ten years.

4. They will have been turning the country for several days.
5. In 2021, he will have been running his business for seven years.
6. By next year, they will have been living in their new house for 5 years.
7. By 8.00 a.m. tomorrow, they will have been flying for 8 hours.
8. I am sure that she will have been waiting for you since 10.00 a.m.
9. Will she have been sleeping for an hour when you reach her house?
10. What will you be doing two hours before he reaches there?
4. 1. will have been talking 2. will have been building
3. will have been living 4. will have been touring.
5. will have been lying 6. will have been running
7. will have been preparing 8. will have been waiting
Revision Exercises I (Chapters 1 to 7)

1. 1. A, his 2. That 3. other 4. enough 5. some
6. The, a, the, A, a, the, the, the, a, the, the, any, some
2. 1. carries, is carrying 2. wants
3. are writing 4. needs, I will be sending
5. hear, is going on 6. am noticing, have
3. 1. I have not completed my homework today.
Have I completed my homework today?
Have I not completed my homework today?
2. All the students have not paid their fees.
Have all the students paid their fees.
Have all the students not paid their fees?
3. The train has not just armed at the platform.
Has the train just arrived at the platform?
Has the train not just arrived at the platform?
4. 1. have been playing, since 2. has been reading, since
3. has been raining, since 4. have been following, since
5. have been learning, for
5. 1. bought 2. has met 3. has shrunk 4. bid 5. have had
6. 1. Grandma has been sitting in front of the fire since tea time.
2. I wonder where he had been hiding since then.
3. Had he been waiting for more than two weeks?
4. Hadn’t she been avoiding work ever since she joined the office?
5. I had been thinking of getting rid of all the junk already.
6. His luggage had been lying in the clock-room for more than one month.
7. 1. will 2. shall 3. will 4. will 5. will
6. will 7. shall
8. 1. She will have been singing continuously for an hour.
2. In 2021, he will have been running his own business for seven years.
3. By 8.00 a.m tomorrow, they will have been flying for 8 hours.
4. I am sure that she will have been waiting for you since 10.00 a.m.
5. Will she have been sleeping for an hour when you reach your house?
6. What will you have been doing for two hours before he reaches there?
GRAMMAR VIII 7
8. Modal Auxiliaries
1. 1. can 2. can 3. could 4. might 5. may
6. could 7. May 8. can 9. May 10. Can
11. might 12. may 13. can 14. can
2. 1. ought 2. May 3. May 4. must 5. may
6. must 7. ought to 8. must 9. must do 10. May
11. must 12. ought
3. 1. She used to visit the temple on Sundays.
2. They used to swim in the lake everyday.
3. The pupils used to go to the cinema on Sundays.
4. The officers used to arrive late at the office.
5. His mother used to watch the television every evening.
6. His father used to take his lunch to the office.
7. My sister used to cycle to school.
8. The girls used to play tricks upon their teachers.
9. My parents used to go to bed late.
10. They used to go to the hills every summer.
4. 1. He was not used to obeying orders.
2. As they were not used to humid climate, they fell ill.
3. If your sister is used to hard work, she shouldn’t be so tired.
4. I am not used to being spoken in that way.
5. The boys were used to riding ponies.
5. 1. shall 2. shall 3. will 4. will 5. shall
6. will 7. will 8. will 9. will 10. will
6. 1. would 2. should 3. would 4. should 5. should
6. would 7. would 8. would 9. would 10. would
10. would
7. 1. will 2. can 3. might 4. may 5. must
6. can, should 7. could, couldn’t 8. should 9. should 10. can, shall
11. will, must 12. must 13. must 14. need 15. should
16. couldn’t 17. would 18. should 19. needs 20. used to
9. Comparisons (Degrees of Adjective and Adverbs)

1. Comparative Superlative
thicker thickest
braver bravest
truer truest
hotter hottest
wetter wettest
prettier prettiest
greyer greyest
more courageous most courageous
more pleasant most pleasant
more most
better best

2. 1. better 2. prettiest 3. heavier 4. laziest 5. proudest
6. older 7. best 8. least 9. more useful 10. most splendid
11. worse, worst 12. latest
3. 1. Mohan is cleverer than any student. 2. Anil is my elder brother.
3. He doesn’t sell less than ten kilograms of sugar.
4. Health is preferable to wealth.
5. This is the most complete book on English Grammar.
6. He is the bravest of all the boys in the class.
7. She is my eldest daughter. 8. Solomon was the wisest of all men.
9. At least forty soldiers were killed. 10. He is happier than you.
11. Amritsar is farther from Chandigarh than Jalandhar.
4. 1. more quickly 2. the most beautiful 3. better 4. louder 5. highly
6. better 7. earlier 8. more heavily 9. the most 10. the fastest
5. 1. more and more 2. colder and colder 3. darker and darker 4. better and better
5. impatient and impatient
6. 1. The number of accidents were more in 1993 than 1992.
2. She is more shy than being social.
3. My father is better today than last week. 4. I am stronger than you.
5. The new edition is more expensive than the old edition.
6. His age is the same as mine. 7. The rose is the sweetest flower.
8. The first question was easy, but the second one was harder to solve.
10. Conditionals
1. 1. we won’t go to the market. 2. it creates a lot of mess. 3. it floats.
4. the lift stops. 5. bring it from the market 6. it functions properly
7. they don’t grow properly
2. 1. If flowers don’t get water, they dry up.
2. If the traffic lights are at red, a motorist must stop.
3. If you want to write a letter, you need paper and pen.
4. If there is power failure, the wifi doesn’t work.
5. If people fall ill, they go to a doctor.
3. 1. If you don’t want to come, you needn’t. 2. If you don’t want this job, please don’t hesitate.
3. If the rains come in time, we shall have a bumper crop.
4. If you won’t ask any question, I’ll be surprised.
5. If I have enough money next summer, I’ll go to Mussorie.
6. If your documents are in order, you can leave at once.
4. 1. we’ll get a taxi. 2. will ask for my money back.
3. you come on time. 4. will be fired.
5. I will send it to my parents. 6. will be a good host.
7. he gets an offer. 8. would return it.
9. start loving it. 10. will be able to pay our loan.
5. 1. If I asked for money, he would lend it to me.
2. If you went to London, you might see the queen.
3. If I were here, I could explain to him myself.
4. If you learned to type, you would easily find a job.
5. If you stopped smoking, you would probably feel healthier.
6. If he took the doctor’s advice, he might soon be well again.
GRAMMAR VIII 9
6. 1. I would click good pictures. 2. I would buy the Taj Hotel. 3. You would reach on time.
4. I wouldn’t have taken. 5. don’t force him. 6. I would go to the market.
7. They would feel bad. 8. I would reduce taxes. 9. he would have got up early too.
10. she would let you go.
7. 1. If I had worked harder, I would have got more marks.
2. If the driver in front had not stopped so suddenly, the accident would not have happened.
3. If the weather had not been so bad, we could have gone out.
4. If you had arrived earlier, you would have seen her.
5. If you would have removed the injured to the hospital immediately, you might have saved his life.
6. If you had not lent me the money, I would have not been able to buy the car.
8. 1. we would have won the match. 2. he would have paid off his loan.
3. its price would have doubled up. 4. she would have died.
5. he would be critically injured. 6. everybody would have liked him.
7. it would have been wonderful. 8. you would be able to answer this question.
9. you wouldn’t have fallen into this trap. 10. she could have been saved.
9. 1. unless 2. provided 3. Unless 4. in case 5. provided
6. In case
11. Non-Finites
1. 1. to come 2. to reach, start 3. use 4. to see 5. beat
6. to enter 7. die, tell 8. wait 9. come 10. answer
11. sing 12. to increase
2. 1. He went to market to buy fruit. 2. There is a meeting at 4 p.m to attend.
3. He is going to Canada to earn money. 4. My father will be delighted to hear of my success.
5. She has two children to took after. 6. He is very weak in studies to get through the examination.
7. This stone is very heavy to lift. 8. She is not afraid to speak the truth.
9. This box is very heavy to carry. 10. This lesson is very long to finish today.
11. He is very honest to tell a lie. 12. This news is too good to be true.
3. 1. to pass 2. to reach 3. to switch of, going 4. moving
5. talking 6. eating, waiting 7. to interview, seeing 8. to postpone
4. 1. listening 2. Walking 3. taking 4. studying
5. postponing 6. to getup 7. to explain, to listen 8. swimming
9. to find 10. to admit 11. to go, to play 12. getting into
5. 1. cheering 2. boiling 3. singing 4. Barking
5. crying 6. amusing 7. running 8. growing
6. 1. The servant came here, carrying a basket of mangoes.
2. The children sat there talking.
3. She slept peacefully dreaming of happier days. 4. We saw an old woman running to catch the bus.
5. Give me the pen lying on the table. 6. The students saw the teacher talking.
7. I opened the door welcoming my friend. 8. She received no answer knocking again.
9. He took his bag in his hand going out. 10. We went and sat in the sun, being cold inside the room.
7. 1. printed 2. rented 3. cooked 4. written 5. forgotten
8. 1. My uncle sent me a mobile phone made in Japan.
2. The doctor treated the soldiers injured in the war. 3. The students sang a song written by our teacher.
4. We ate the apples sent by our uncle. 5. The parrot that fell to the ground was shot by an arrow.
6. He was disturbed by the children so he couldn’t sleep.
9. 1. Having eaten her breakfast, she went to her office.
2. Having finished our work, we went home. 3. The player came to the ground when the match started.

4. Having read the letter, she began to weep.
5. Having passed the matriculation examination, she wants to join college.
6. We have made a promise to be kept.
12. Active and Passive Voice

1. 1. Good news is expected by us. 2. Flowers are being plucked by the gardener.
3. This book has been read by me. 4. Toys are liked by children.
5. Parents are always obeyed by good boys. 6. My country will be served by me.
7. An impressive speech was made by him. 8. Clothes were being washed by the washerman.
9. He will be taught by the teacher. 10. A snake was killed by the farmer.
11. The bus was being driven at a fast speed by the driver.
12. The construction of theatre had been sanctioned by the municipality.
13. The result will have been announced by the beginning of June.
14. The murder is being investigated by the police.
2. 1. This sum can be solved by me. 2. The train could not caught by us.
3. The prize may be got by you. 4. We might be helped by us.
5. Your duty must be done by you. 6. A lion may even be helped by a mouse.
7. The poor should be helped by you. 8. The purse must have been taken away by mother.
3. 1. Let the door be opened. 2. Let the teachers be obeyed.
3. Truth must always be spoken by you. 4. Let leave be granted to me, please.
5. Let noise be not made by you. 6. Let the police be informed.
7. Let nobody be abused. 8. Let a cup of coffee be brought to me, please.
9. Let your neighbour be loved. 10. Let the coat be cut according to your cloth by you.
4. 1. Are flowers loved by you? 2. Were you abused by them?
3. What is wanted by you? 4. We will be helped by whom?
5. Where is the match played by them? 6. Is the patient being examined by the doctor?
7. Must he be obeyed by us? 8. Where was the key kept by you?
9. Should those happy days be ever forgotten by me? 10. When is the mail cleared by them?
11. The news was broken by whom? 12. What was discussed at the meeting by them?
13. Why were you deceived by him? 14. How could my English be improved by me?
15. Were the plants being watered by the gardener?
5. 1. We were not listened attentively by him. 2. My proposal has not been agreed to by him.
3. He was not refused admission by the Principal. 4. The blackboard is not being looked at by him.
5. She couldn’t be depended on by you. 6. Your teachers were not satisfied by your progress.
7. She has not been spoken to me. 8. His ignorance is not wondered at by me.
9. Smoking is not allowed in the cinema hall by us. 10. Salesmen are not required by him.
6. 1. He was refused admission by the Principal. 2. The palace was showed to me by the guide.
3. His help was promised to them by him. 4. Leave was refused to the clerk by the manager.
5. Why was so much money given to him by them? 6. Good education has been given to me by my father.
7. A lesson should be taught to him by you. 8. An injection had been given to the child by them.
7. 1. He had appointed head master by the committee. 2. He is considered a fool by me.
3. He was found guilty by the judge. 4. The child was named Kamal by them.
5. He was proved wrong by me. 6. She was left disappointed by the news.
8. 1. She is looked after by her brother. 2. My proposal was not agreed to by him.
3. The dog was run over by a bus. 4. The window is being looked at by her.
5. The door is being knocked at by a stranger. 6. She can be depended on by you.
7. A small garden was laid out by them.
9. 1. We were alarmed by the report. 2. Everyday was astonished by his failure.
GRAMMAR VIII 11
3. Is he known to you? 4. His teacher was pleased by his honesty.
5. Kavita was married to Satish. 6. His servant is being offended with by him.
7. His elder brother was vexed by his rude behaviour. 8. His feats are surprised at by his spectators.
9. The fields are covered in the morning by snow. 10. What is contained in this box?
10. 1. Let the duty be done. 2. I sent for the doctor.
3. They say work is worship. 4. They compelled him to resign the post.
5. People elected him President. 6. Someone has picked his pocket.
7. The storm wrecked the ship. 8. We must endure what we cannot cure.
9. Someone had bribed the officer.
10. The teacher punished him because he had not done his work.
13. Direct and Indirect (Reported) Speech

1. 1. She said that her father would return from Chandigarh the next day.
2. They said that they would die for the sake of their country.
3. He said that that was one of the most interesting novels that he had ever read.
4. The teacher said that Babar had won the first battle of Panipat.
5. The saint said that man is mortal.
6. He told me that I had made a false statement.
7. I said that I should finish my work as early as I could.
8. They told us that we should play a match the next day.
9. The hermit said that God is everywhere though we cannot see him.
10. The doctor said that the patient would soon recover.
11. She told me that the climate of that place did not suit her.
12. I told him that if he did not take the medicine, he would not get well.
2. 1. She said, “My sister is a good singer.”
2. The old man said to his sons, “God helps those who help themselves.”
3. Sanjay said, “My brother met with an accident yesterday.”
4. I said to him, “I may not come tomorrow.”
5. He said, “I do not know when the examination will begin.”
6. The Principal said, “Tomorrow will he a holiday.”
7. He said, “He is ill and will go to bed.”
8. The teacher said to the girl, “I know you and your mother.”
9. He said, “He met a fool last night.”
10. I said to her, “All your faults will be pardoned if you confessed them.”
3. 1. My friend requested me if I could help him in that matter.
2. He told me what he could do for me.
3. I asked her why the child was weeping.
4. Ashok asked him how many boys were there in his school.
5. I asked him if he had read the newspaper.
6. She asked me how often I took tea.
7. The teacher questioned the boy which is the biggest city in India.
8. The mother asked Sarita with whom she had quarrelled the previous day.
9. I asked him how his father was then.
10. The shopkeeper enquired that when he would clear his accounts.
4. 1. The teacher said, “What is your name?” 2. My friend said, “Are you feeling well?”
3. I said to her, “When will you go to Mumbai?” 4. I said, “How dare you disobey my orders?”
5. He said, “Can you lend me your camera?” 6. I said, “What did the house cost you?”
7. She said to her sister, “Since when have you been ill?”

8. The teacher said to students, “Have you revised the lesson?”
9. He said to his brother, “Do you want to become a doctor?”
10. I said to my friend, “Will you accompany me to the movie?”
5. 1. She told me to let him do whatever he liked. 2. He ordered the servant to lay the table.
3. The teacher advised the students to be punctual and do their work regularly.
4. The general ordered the soldiers to attack the enemy.
5. He suggested them to go for a walk.
Revision Exercises II (Chapters 8 to 13)

1. 1. can 2. could 3. Can 4. may 5. Must
6. would 7. must 8. ought to 9. should 10. must
11. should 12. must
2. 1. needs 2. will 3. Can 4. would 5. Might
6. should, must 7. must 8. ought
3. 1. proudest 2. least 3. more useful 4. worse, worst 5. eldest
4. 1. Health is better than wealth. 2. At least forty soldiers were killed.
3. He is the bravest of all the boys in the class. 4. He does not sell less than ten kilograms of sugar.
5. Amritsar is farther from Chandigarh than Jalandhar.
6. This is the most complete book on English Grammar.
7. The fox is the cleverer of the two animals. 8. This cloth is superior than that.
5. 1. I would buy a mansion. 2. They would have leave.
3. I would have reached. 4. She would have understood.
5. he would have been better. 5. he could have got more injured.
7. he could have been saved.
6. 1. She has two children to look after. 2. The store is very heavy to lift.
3. He is very honest to tell a lie. 4. My father will be delighted to hear of my success.
5. She is not afraid to speak the truth.
7. 1. getting up 2. listening 3. getting into 4. postponing 5. taking
8. 1. Having slept peacefully, she dreamt of happier days.
2. Carrying a basket of mangoes, the servant came here.
3. Opening the door, I wondered my friend. 4. We ate the apples sent by our uncle.
5. Being disturbed by the children, he could not sleep.
6. Having read the letter, she began to weep. 7. We have made a promise to be kept.
9. 1. Are children loved by you? 2. Must he be obeyed by us?
3. Will those happy days ever be forgotten by us? 4. We were not listened to attentively by him.
5. She has not been spoken my me. 6. The blackboard is not being looked at by him.
7. Let the teachers be obeyed. 8. Let a leave be granted to me, please.
9. Let the police be informed. 10. A beautiful gift has been sent to me by my uncle.
11. The man should be taught a lesson by you. 12. He was appointed headmaster by the committee.
10. 1. I sent for the doctor. 2. They compelled him to resign the post.
3. We must do duty. 4. You had bribed the officer.
5. We must endure what we cannot cure. 6. The storm wrecked the ship.
7. The burglars picked his pocket.
11. 1. He asked me what he could do for me. 2. I asked him if he had read the newspaper.
3. I enquired how my father was then. 4. I said to her, “How dare she disobey my orders?”
5. My friend said, “Are are you feeling well?”
6. I said to my friend, “Will you accompany me to the movie?”
7. The teacher advised us to be punctual and do our work regularly.
GRAMMAR VIII 13
8. The General ordered the soldiers to attack the enemy.
9. I told my friend to let her do whatever she wanted.
10. He said to them, “Listen to my friends and act upon them.”
14. Transformation of Sentences

1. 1. A leopard can change his spots. 2. There is no use of complaining.
3. None likes paying taxes. 4. Nothing is greater than the love of mother.
5. None can do better than this. 6. We can never forget those good old days.
7. Everybody loves his country. 8. Everyone can solve this sum.
9. I can’t repay your kindness. 10. Virtue is its own reward.
2. 1. Can anyone hear this insult? 2. Has anyone seen a brighter dawn this one?
3. Are beauties of nature beyond description? 4. Can’t he change his habits?
5. Can anything succeed like success? 6. Who would not solve this question?
7. Can their glory ever fade? 8. Can I ever forget your love?
9. Is blood thicker than water? 10. Who doesn’t wish to be happy?
3. 1. He is taller than you. 2. A coward would only do it.
3. Old men are sometimes unwise. 4. The thief ran away as soon as he saw the thief.
5. You are more intelligent than I. 6. There is smoke with fire.
7. Everybody believes in his honesty. 8. He fled as soon as he saw the tiger.
9. I shall always remember your favours.
4. 1. No sooner did the teacher enter the room than everyone was silent.
2. No other Mughal emperor was as wise as Akbar was.
3. Everyday will not admit that she did not do her best.
4. No sooner did she come here than we left the room.
5. He is not a proud person. 6. The knife is not blunt.
7. I shall never forget your favour. 8. He did not disobey his teachers.
9. I did not inform the doctor.
10. No sooner did the teacher enter the class than the boys became silent.
5. 1. It is a very beautiful night. 2. I wish I were young.
3. It is sad that youth has passed away. 4. It is a lame excuse.
5. I wish that he were here. 6. He is an Indian and murderer of Mrs. Gandhi.
7. I wish my son won a prize. 8. It is a very sad sight.
9. You have such grand ideas. 10. His behaviour was very funny.
6. 1. Oh! I should have never left home. 2. Alas! The flowers would fade quickly.
3. How beautiful the sight is! 4. O I want a glass of water!
5. How happy the last night was! 6. How strange the ways of God are!
7. How happy we were there! 8. How I wish to see that movie again!
9. How bad a habit smoking is! 10. Wow! What a beautiful ring you have given.
7. 1. This news is so good that it cannot be true.
2. It is never so late that something cannot be mended.
3. The fruit was so rotten that it could not be eaten.
4. The sight was so dreadful that it could not be seen.
5. It is so cold for me that I cannot go out at present.
6. He is so proud that he cannot beg for help.
7. He reached the station so late that he could not catch the train.
8. She is so busy that she cannot play.
9. He is so cruel that he cannot take pity on you.
10. The sun is so hot that we cannot go out.

8. 1. Ajay is too timid to utter a single word. 2. Anu is too poor to pay her fees.
3. He was too late to catch the bus. 4. The officer is too kind to dismiss her.
5. She was two honest to dismiss her. 6. It was too cold to go out.
7. He is too lazy to get along with me. 8. The old woman has become too weak to walk.
9. I was too hungry to walk even. 10. The problem was too difficult for him to solve.
9. 1. Sita is not so tall as Rita. 2. No one is as brave as him.
3. Her sister is more beautiful than her. 4. Hamid is not as tall as Abdul.
5. A dead lion is not so strong as a live ass. 6. You don’t work so hard a I do.
7. Sham is not as hard working as Prem. 8. Coal is as light as a feather.
10. 1. No sea port in India is better than Mumbai. 2. No exercise is better than riding.
3. No form of revenge is nobler than forgiveness. 4. No other player is as worse as Ashok is our team.
5. No metal is heavier than Gold. 6. She is not prettier than any other girl in the city.
7. India is as hot as some countries. 8. India is hotter than most of the countries.
9. Iron is more useful than Gold. 10. No other son of India was as brave as Rana Pratap.
11. 1. He did his work with happiness. 2. I bore it with patience.
3. She was known for her kindness. 4. India will be progressive in the coming years.
5. He wished to become a doctor. 6. She speaks with confidence.
7. You should lead a life of virtues. 8. He successfully completed his efforts.
9. I have a belief that he is innocent.
10. The government has made an announcement of some help for the flood hit people.
12. 1. I shall come to help you. 2. To drink is to injure health.
3. I shall come to dine with you tonight. 4. He agreed to what I proposed.
5. They differ from each other. 6. He is confident in you.
7. I don’t intend to go there.
13. 1. He replied to me in a rude way. 2. He was not polite in his behaviour.
3. Excess of anything is harmful. 4. You should be respectful to your teachers.
5. To move freely is allowable to me. 6. He escaped in a narrow manner.
7. She is hopeful to win a scholarship.
14. 1. Her dress was in a very shabby manner. 2. He will certainly welcome his suggestion.
3. The snow fell heavily this year. 4. We live there comfortably.
5. She decorated her room tastefully. 6. The patient spent night restlessly.
7. He listened to my story attentively.
15. 1. I finished my work and I went home. 2. He heard this sad news and he left for the village.
3. The children saw the clown so they began to laugh.
4. He had enough money so he bought a car. 5. I have an urgent matter so I have to decide just now.
6. He made a promise and he kept it. 7. He advised them and he helped them liberally.
8. He must pay the taxes so he escapes punishment.
16. 1. Being a poor man, he was very happy. 2. You must work hard to succeed.
3. He was too late to catch the bus. 4. Turning left, you will see a big building.
5. Being very tired, he sat down to take some rest. 6. Being unwell, he couldn’t go to school.
7. The bank having failed, the creditors were ruined. 8. Not having learnt these lessons, you will fail.
17. 1. I heard of your success, I am glad. 2. No one can tell the time when he is coming.
3. We hope that better times come. 4. He desired that he may know his result.
5. I knew the name of the writer who wrote this poem.
6. Are you certain that you would pass the examination?
7. He was wise enough so he could understand it. 8. She worked hard yet she failed.
18. 1. Tell me your birth place. 2. He behaves as a millionnaire.
3. We will play the match tomorrow in case of good weather.
4. It is certain for him to win. 5. He is said to be a thief.
6. His enemies knew him to be innocent. 7. Do you know the time of Buddha’s birth?
8. The patient died before the arrival of the doctor. 9. The temperature seems to be falling down.
GRAMMAR VIII 15
15. Phrases
1. Try yourself.
2. 1. to speak to you. 2. Riding a horse 3. not to sleep
4. you of this behaviour 5. to shift to Mumbai 6. To tell a lie
7. Hiding truth 8. to be a doctor 9. of your safe returns
10. to throw a party
3. Try yourself.
4. 2. This is a book of interest. 3. He lives in the town of his ancestors.
4. Kiran is a woman a responsibility 5. He is a man of generous nature.
6. My sister is a girl with long hair. 7. He is a man with bold head.
8. It was a night of horror. 9. Deeds of heroism deserve our admiration.
10. He is a man of honour.
5. 2. They came to a muddy path.
3. He has done a shameful deed.
4. The Rajput leader was a hopeful and courageous soldier.
5. This is a faultless picture.
6. Babu was an impudent man.
7. She is a versatile writer.
6. 2. Time 3. Manner 4. Manner 5. Manner 6. Manner
7. Time 8. Place 9. Time 10. Time
7. 1. with great courage 2. with a lot of care. 3. in a short time. 4. in a swift manner.
5. in a rude way. 6. in a gentle manner. 7. on time. 8. in a polite manner.
9. at that place 10. such a sad news
16. Clauses
1. 2. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – say 3. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – is
4. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – assured 5. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – is
6. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – gives 7. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – was
8. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – thinking 9. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – Do
10. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – tell 11. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – think
12. Noun Clause; Subject of the verb – Ask
2. 1. What you had given them. 2. whatever they say
3. is this problem still 4. what you make it.
5. whatever they said and presented. 6. how you present it
7. whatever you are saying. 8. that they are going to USA.
9. What we all know. 10. that he would pass.
11. how terrible the sight was 12. what happened yesterday.
3. 1. He said something that was true.
2. How far is the station from here, who can tell me that?
3. The sisters quarrelled, however, I want to know the reason.
4. He is a great writer which cannot be denied.
5. He does something which I do not object to.
6. He is going to some places which no one knows.
7. They may be allowed to resign that is their request.
8. He is a great writer which cannot be denied.
9. You have deceived me however that is the truth.

10. She was tired however, she made no complaint except this.
11. Where did I leave my bag which I do not remember?
4. 1. which 2. that 3. which 4. whom 5. that
6. whom 7. whose 8. which 9. that 10. who
11. whom 12. where
5. 1. in red shirt 2. with white spots. 3. who help themselves. 4. of the highest order.
5. which I gave him 6. who don’t perform 7. who comes 8. of great joy
9. which you borrowed
6. 1. Have you read the book that you borrowed from me?
2. Here is the man whose daughter has been abducted.
3. The girl whose dictionary we are using is absent.
4. The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry.
5. The letter that we received yesterday had no stamp on it.
6. The girl who lives opposite my house is very pretty.
7. 1. The radio, which the mechanic repaired last week is now working properly.
2. The elephant, which is one of the world’s biggest animals, is not very common.
3. Swimming, which is a good sport, makes people strong.
4. My uncle, who lives in New York, has just written me a letter.
17. Prepositions
1. 1. in 2. on 3. at, at 4. by 5. on
6. since 7. for 8. till 9. During, at 10. on
11. by 12. during 13. at 14. 7 15. at
2. 1. 7, in, in 2. 7 3. in 4. 7, at, by 5. in
6. on 7. 7, 7 8. in 9. 7 10. on, 7
3. 1. into 2. between 3. under 4. into 5. besides
6. at 7. under 8. to 9. among 10. on, to
11. through
4. 1. on 2. on 3. too 4. with, with 5. with
6. by 7. by 8. by 9. at 10. from
11. Inspite of
5. 1. in 2. for 3. in 4. over 5. of
6. for 7. on 8. at 9. at 10. for
11. to 12. in
18. Conjunctions
1. 1. that 2. and 3. but 4. and 5. and
6. if 7. or 8. if 9. though 10. till
11. if 12. as
2. 1. We loved and honoured her. 2. Shivani is tall but Rekha is taller.
3. The ground is wet so we cannot play today. 4. Tell me the truth or I shall punish you.
5. Though he is clever but he is idle. 6. He was afraid of being late so he ran.
7. Though he ran fast but he missed the train. 8. He failed though he tried his best.
9. The teacher was very angry because the boys laughed at him.
GRAMMAR VIII 17
10. Though he is poor but he is contented. 11. The box was heavy so he could not carry it.
12. I waited till the train arrived.
3. 1. Either you or your sister should do this work.
2. Neither me nor my friend went to the school yesterday.
3. Both father and daughter have gone to buy vegetables.
4. Though she ran quickly yet she missed her school bus.
5. Not only she is lazy but also poor at keeping the house clean.
6. I was so sleepy that I could not keep awake.
7. Hardly I had finished reading when the station came.
8. Work hard lest you should fail.
9. No sooner did the teacher enter the class than the children became quite.
10. My friend is as much kind as he is well-mannered.
19. Punctuation and Capital Letters

1. 1. Come here, Jagdish 2. No, the bell has not gone yet.
3. Rajan, Parveen, Hari and Bhanu went for a picnic.
4. Rita, my friend’s daughter, has won a prize. 5. When I reached the station, the train had left.
6. The teacher said, “Do your work regularly?” 7. He will help you, won’t he?
8. “Go then,” said the aunt, “and dance winter away.”
9. He is to tell the truth, a liar.
10. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
2. 1. John said, “I am in a hurry and cannot spare time.”
2. Seema said, “What is the time, mother?” “Is it time for me to go to school yet?”
3. “Madam, he said I must ask you to come with me.” “Your luggage will be taken care of.”
4. She said, “Hari looks terrible. Is he ill?”
5. Ashwani said, “Where is clock?” “Who took it from my bedroom?”
6. “What an easy paper!” said Ashok, “Was it by a kind examiner?”
7. Large crowds gathered outside the Red Fort to see Queen Elizabeth.
8. India celebrates the Independence Day on the 15th August every year.
9. About the time when Jahangir, the Mughal Emperor was ruling over India, a king named James, the first
reigned in England.
10. The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States of America by the people of France.
11. ‘‘I am sorry, I interrupted you,’’ replied the judge. ‘‘Please do go on with your explanation of the error.’’
12. Nelson, when lay dying, was heard to say, “I have done my duty.” “England expects every man to do his duty.”
13. The visitor said to me “Good Morning.”
14. Gandhiji, the father of the nation, freed us from the English.
20. Word Formation

1. To be written by students on their own.
2. uninteresting unreal
unlike illegal
unfit imperfect
unjust injustice
discomfort disappear
irregular impure

3. 1. enrich 2. substandard 3. prehistoric 4. ex-member 5. bimonthly
6. pro-Indian 7. foretell 8. multi-colour 9. tricycle 10. extra-ordinary
4. beautify hasten
forced minding
befriend rolled
grieve sell
inhabit titled
embolden popularise
ascertain slacking
fat ensure
longed strengthen
harden widen
5. 1. accompany 2. befool 3. 4. fill 5. renew
6. engladden 7. refresh 8. own 9. correct 10. Handle
6. 1. personal 2. priceless 3. Disciplinary 4. studious 5. laborious
6. Childish 7. enjoyable 8. workable 9. tiresome 10. expensive
7. (a) moonlight, backing-powder, rain-coat, washing-machine, day-light, over-coat, summer-break, summer-holiday.
(b) home-sick, snow-capped, ready-made, hard-working, man-made
(c) Day-dream, fore-tell, overcome, backbite, outdo.
Revision Exercises III (Chapters 14 to 20)

(Pages 184-190)
1. 1. Is man mortal? 2. Can I do anything more?
3. Everyone loves his country. 4. Are the beauties of nature beyond description?
5. This plan is not practicable. 6. You are not my friend.
7. No sooner did the thief see the policeman than he did not run away.
8. He has fallen very low.
9. I wish my son won the prize. 10. How I want a glass of water!
11. How strange the ways of God are! 12. He is very honest to accept a bribe.
13. The sun is so hot that we cannot go out. 14. Mohan is too timid to utter a single word.
15. She was too honest to do such a thing. 16. Nobody is more cunning than her.
17. No seaport in India is better than Mumbai. 18. No son of India was as brave as Rana Pratap.
19. I have no intention to go to Delhi. 20. The king treated him kindly.
21. We are proud of our country. 22. We successfully completed our plant.
23. This book is different from that one. 24. She speaks with confidence.
25. I believe in his innocence.
2. 1. a big plate. 2. to go to Delhi 3. My father 4. eating mangoes 5. Ram
3. 1. He lives in the town of his ancestors. 2. Kiran is a woman of responsible nature.
3. My sister is a girl of long hair. 4. Deeds of heroism deserve our admiration.
5. His head is bold.
4. 1. very carefully 2. in a polite manner. 3. as soon as possible. 4. all day long
5. repeatedly 6. well all day long 7. very unfortunate
5. 1. I do not object to whatever he does.
2. The fact that he is a great writer cannot be denied.
3. The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry.
4. The street which leads to our school is very wide.
5. Don’t gamble lest you will lose your money.
6. The hare ran so fast that the dog could not catch it.
7. Since I had no sleep last night so I am very tired.
GRAMMAR VIII 19
8. When we reached the station, the train had left.
9. Smoking, which is injurious to health, is nevertheless popular.
10. They spent their holidays in Kashmir which contains numerous lakes.
11. He helped his friends whom he loved.
12. I want to know the reason why the sisters quarrelled.
6. 1. My sister whom you met yesterday, wants to speak to you.
2. Sheila spoke to the student whose father owns a cinema house.
3. The radio which the mechanic repaired last week, is now working properly.
4. Swimming which is a good sport makes people strong.
5. I drove home with Mary last night, who has a Rolls Royce.
6. My uncle who lives in New York, has just written me a letter.
7. The gentleman who came to our house last evening, took father’s umbrella.
7. 1. Getting up early, I go out for a walk.
2. Having read the letter, she began to weep.
3. We ate the apples sent by our uncle.
4. Having finished our work, we went home.
5. Having received no answer, she knocked again.
6. Coming back home, he brought some fruit.
7. The stone being very heavy I cannot lift it.
8. 1. in 2. in 3. on 4. ,  5. on, 
6. into 7. in 8. besides 9. to 10. through
11. with, with 12. by 13. Inspite of 14. over 15. to
9. 1. that 2. if 3. even if 4. as 5. till
10. 1. The ground is wet so we cannot play today. 2. Tell me the truth or I will punish you.
3. Though he ran fast, he missed the train. 4. He was afraid of being late so he ran.
5. He is poor but contented. 6. The teacher was very angry as the boys laughed at him.
11. 1. John said, “I am in a hurry and cannot spare time.”
2. Seema said, “What is the time mother?” “Is it time for me to go to school yet?”
3. About the time, when Jahangir, the Mughal emperor was ruling over India, a king named James, the first
reigned in England.
4. Madam, he said, “I must ask you to come with your luggage will be taken care of.”
5. Ashwani said, “Where is clock?” “Who took it from my bedroom?” “Have you taken it down to the kitchen?”
12. 1. accompany 2. have 3. are more dear to 4. make, glad 5. correct
6. A strict disciplinary 7. tiring 8. studying
13. (a) break-open, set-off, break-fast, check-out (b) bed-ridden, heart-broken (c) day-dream
21. Comprehension Passages

Passage 1 (Page 194)
1.1 (a) Character is built upon little things, little things well and transacted honourably.
(b) Good government can be accomplished only if well-regulated provisions are made for doing little things.
(c) Those who learn nothing and accumulate nothing in life are set down as failure.
(d) The conviction is that diligence which is the mother of good luck.
(e) It is proportionate to his efforts, his industry and to his attention to small things.
1.2 Good, Moral Character
1.3 (a) successful (b) dependent (c) attentive (d) diligent

2.1 (a) We can find out how much air is there at each height. We can also find out more about the shape of earth.
(b) It will show that it is not round from everywhere.
(c) The earth’s gravity keeps the satellite in its orbit.

(d) Satellites send us pictures of the clouds which warn us about upcoming bad weather.
(e) The difference is that if they are reflected, they will be very weak when they reach the earth again but if they
are retransmitted they can he made stronger by transmitter.
2.2 (a) atmosphere (b) forecast

3.1 (a) Fat gets accumulated and lead to obesity.
(b) Through regular exercise.
(c) Exercise help us to breathe air in and out of our lungs. It makes our heart stronger.
(d) If our heart pumps more blood with each beat, it can heat less often. Our heart then has longer time to rest.
(e) We do not tire easily. Our efficiency and output of work increases.
(f) We burn the excess fat stored in the body. The problem of obesity is overcome.

4.1 (a) Whatever is pleasant to the ears is music and what is unpleasant is noise.
(b) their noisy traffic is a potent menace to hearing.
(c) steady deterioration of the delicate parts of the middle ear ultimately resulting in inefficient bodily responses
to sound.
(d) mild to severe hearing impairment.
4.2 (i) offenders (ii) impact (iii) deterrent (iv) concentration

5.1 (a) India, Korea, Nigeria, Peru and Poland.
(b) By 2025, 3 billion people will be affected — a tenfold increase and 65 countries will face shortage of water.
(c) The amount of water mobilised would have to increase by 1,500,000 MCM.
(d) The farmers need to use more water than in the humid tropics for the same biomass yield.
(e) Through good irrigation techniques, skillfully used, not save water, they also cause less damage.
(f) (i) availability, (ii) excluding

6.1 (a) To take some rest.
(b) – harness bell sound
– sweep of easy wind and dowry flake
(c) There was no farmhouse near but only woods and frozen lake.
(d) ‘Promise’ and ‘miles’ signify the pre-engagement of the speaker who has to fulfil his promises.
(e) The significance is that the speaker has to fulfil all his duties and promise before he retires for the day.
(f) That we must keep going until we fulfil our commitments and reach our goals.

7.1 (a) It means that in order to do something big, we must first dream big, have big ambitions and keep on working
to achieve it.
(b) It means that a person needs to constantly work hard towards achieving his/her goal.
(c) It means that any magic that can happen in our life is the magic of our own hardwork and perseverance.
7.2 come to those who work hard on time, with, achieved, An inner, goal and ambition.
24. Letter Writing

1. To be written by students on their own.
GRAMMAR VIII 21
25. Notice Writing
(Page 217)
1. Ahlcon Public School, Delhi
NOTICE
6 August, 20××
Trekking Expedition to Auli
The school is organising a 5-day trekking trip to Auli, Himachal Pradesh from 01 September — 5 Sept. 20××. The
bus will leave at 6 A.M. The interested students of class VIII can give their names and an amount of ` 2500 to
their class teacher latest by 16 August 20×× alongwith a permission letter from their parents.
Nidhi
(Secretary, Adventure Club)
2. Bal Bhawan School, Delhi

NOTICE
25 September, 20××
Let’s make others happy this Diwali!
The Art and Craft department invites participation in Diwali Card and Candle Making. The department will put
up a stall of the submitted candles and cards and the amount collected will be donated to an orphanage ‘Nirmal
Chhaya’. The interested students can submit their work to the undersigned latest by 20 October, 20××.
Nitin
(Secretary, Fine Arts Society)
3. Vidya Devi Public School, Gwalior

NOTICE
5 October, 20××
Inter-Class Quiz Competition (VI-VIII)
The school is organising an Inter-class G.K. Quiz competition on 21 October 20×× at 10 A.M. in the school auditorium.
Their will be a screening round on 11 October 20×× after which final candidates will be shortlisted for the quiz.
The interested students can submit their name to their respective class teachers by 8 October 20××.
Aseem
(Cultural Secretary)
4. St. Thomas School, Delhi

NOTICE
12 August 20××
FOUND! FOUND! FOUND!
A purse containing ` 500 has been found in the school playground on 11 August 20×× after the recess. It has been
submitted with the care taker. The owner of the purse may contact him and claim it after proper verification.
Sachin
26. Message Writing

Exercises (Page 220)
1. MESSAGE
01 May, 20×× 5 p.m
Dear Reetika
There is an Interclass Declamation Contest on the occasion of ‘Mother Day’. I am keen to participate in it and
want you to be my team member. I know together we will make a great team. I will wait for your reply.
Nikita

2. MESSAGE
10 April, 20×× 2 p.m
Arundhanti
Your friend Shalini called when you were away at dance class. She said that she had some work in office so she
would meet you at Palika Bazar at 7 p.m. instead of 5 pm.
Nalini
3. MESSAGE
5 May, 20×× 2 p.m
Dear Mom
Your friend, Mrs Khanna sang up when you were away to movie. She has told that the Ladies Club meeting to
be held at her house at 6 p.m. is cancelled today since her daughter is leaving for Delhi.
Ritesh
27. Story Writing

Exercises (Page 223)
1. Catching the Thief
Once upon a time there was a rich man. He had many servants. One day, his golden ring was stolen. He tries to
find out. He reports the theft to the Sarpanch who was a wise man. He brings a magic cord. He then cuts it into
pieces and says, “The thief’s cord will grow by two inches. When the servants slept. The real thief got upset so he
cuts his cord by two inches. He was caught and handed over the police.
Moral: Wisdom always wins.
2. Bad Company
Once upon a time, there was a good boy but suddenly he started disobeying his parents. He gets into bad company.
One day his father gives him some good apples and tells him to lay them aside for a few days. Then he places a
rotten apple among them. He observes that the rotten apples spoil the good ones. So the boy gets a lesson on bad
company and stays away from them.
Moral: Never be a part of bad company.
3. The Merchant and Rain
Once a merchant was riding home from a fair. There was a large sum of money with him. Suddenly, heavy rainfall
starts. The merchant gets wet and the grumbles. Shortly after he was attacked by a robber. The robber wanted to
snatch the money bag from the merchant. So he tries to shoot the merchant, but he fails because his powder gets
wet. The merchant grabs the opportunity and runs away from there.
Moral: The one who acts wisely can save himself from any situation.
4. A Lion and a Slave
Once a cruel slave runs away from his cruel master. He reaches a jungle. There a lion was crying in pain. The
slave stops and takes out thorn from his foot. A few months later the slave was caught by his master’s men. The
master ordered his men to throw the slave in front of a hungry lion. They threw him in front of a hungry lion.
The lion rushed towards him, licks his feet and instantly remembers his kindness. The slave and the lion were set
at liberty.
Moral: An act of kindness never goes waste.
Test Paper
(Pages 224-228)
1. (a) India, Korea, Nigeria, Peru and Poland will be impacted the most by water shortage.
(b) By 2025, 3 billion people will be affected by water shortage.
(c) To maintain per capita water use, the amount of water mobilised would have to increase by 1,500,000 MCM.
GRAMMAR VIII 23
(d) In dry developing countries, the farmers need to use more water. Than in the humid tropics for the same
biomass.
(e) Good irrigation techniques, skillfully used, not only save water but also cause less damage.
(f) availability, excluding
Or
(a) It is that no day is same and the world is full of uncertainties.
(b) We live in a world of uncertainties.
(c) Time is the only constant factor in the world.
(d) The weak point of jet age is that one doesn’t have the time to value time.
(e) (i) is like a fury that comes and goes.
(ii) when time was cherished.
(f) (i) usually (ii) cherished (iii) introspecting (iv) concept
2. My Favourite Book
I love reading books. They are indeed my ‘best friends’. Some days ago, my uncle gave me one as a birthday gift
as he knows my love for books. It is called ‘The Mahabharata’ and has been written in English by Anand Sagar
Chaudhary. It was a fascinating story. The story was so eventful that it was very difficult to keep pace with the
individual events. The battle between the Kauravas and Pandavas is so well known that it need not be repeated.
This book has changed the whole course of my life. I recommend this book to everyone.
Or
Global Warming
Global warming is the latest alarm bell for earth’s environment. It refers to the increase in average temperature
of earth’s surface during the last century. It is alarming because of its adverse effects on the ecological balance
of earth. The most evident causes are industrialisation, urbanisation, deforestation and related human activities.
These activities have led to increased emission of greenhouse, gases like CO2, methane, NO2, etc. These gases in
turn have led to an increase in average temperature of earth’s surface, hence global warming.
It is a wake-up call for us to amend our ways of living to limit like use of products that cause global warming. It
is necessary to save our planet Earth otherwise it will become to difficult to survive.
3. H. No. 20
Prince Road Colony
New Delhi-110072
20 April 20××
Dear Rohan
How are you? I hope you are in the best of your health. We are also doing good here. Today, I have written this
letter to you to tell you that you need to devote some time from your daily routine to sports also. It is good that
you study hard but our mind and body need some good exercise and recreation also to keep fit and healthy.
Therefore, as your elder brother, I advise you to participate in sports and games of your interest in your school.
Lots of Love
Rohit
Or
H. No. 41
Prince Road Colony
New Delhi-110072
20 April 20××
The Editor
The Times of India
New Delhi
Sir
Through the column of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to bring the attention of the concerned authorities towards
the sheer neglect of the roads and drains in the locality where I live. The condition of the roads is very poor. There
are potholes everywhere which pose a threat to the lives of two-wheeler riders who are at a risk or serious accidents.
Similar is the pathetic conditions of drains. The drains are left open and the problem worsens during rains when
they start overflowing and stinking.

I request you to please print this problem in your newspaper so that the sleeping authorities may wakeup and
solve this problem.
Thanking you
Yours Sincerely
Ritesh
(A concerned citizen)
4. Globus Public School, Delhi

NOTICE
10 October 20××
Say No to Crackers
The school Art and Craft society is organising a campaign ‘Say No to Crackers’ on 25 October 20×× at 11 a.m. in
the school auditorium. The students who are interested can reach the venue and participate in it.
Rohit
(Secretary)
5. (a) 1. The 2. Some, any 3. The 4. an, a 5. her

6. many 7. any 8. the, the
(b) 1. must 2. can, must 3. should 4. can, shall be 5. shall, should
6. would
(c) 1. Work is worship. 2. What is contained in this box?
3. We must do our duty. 4. The officer compelled his to resign the post.
5. It is said that what cannot be cured must be endured.
GRAMMAR VIII 25
WORKSHEET
1. Determiners
Worksheet 1 (Pages 3-4)
1. 1. Much 2. Many 3. enough 4. The little 5. Several
6. any 7. a lot of 8. All 9. some 10. Most
2. 1. Have you ever seen an egg stand upright? 2. She bought a pink dress and an orange overall.
3. May is the fifth month of the year. 4. I was indeed fortunate to have a loving sister.
5. We went to the temple after completing our shopping.
6. What was the trouble that made you all panicky, jerky and act like a maniac?
7. The milkman had only half a litre of milk.
8. It was a dreadful nightmare that made her burst into a loud scream.
3. 1.  2. some 3. many 4. any 5. the
6. the 7. these 8. Those 9. That 10. each
11. none, the 12. The
4. 1. Which 2. Whose 3. How much 4. Which 5. How many
6. How much 7. Which 8. How many 9. Which 10. Which
11. How many 12. How much
2. Verbs Expressing the Present Tense

(Simple Present and Present Continuous)
1. 1. goes 2. go, rains 3. takes 4. wears 5. begins
6. arrives 7. know 8. teaches 9. climbs, picks, carries
10. comes 11. does not go 12. do not cook
2. 1. Does the postman not deliver the mail twice a day?
2. Does the judge announce his judgement?
3. The rich do not seldom help the needy. 4. Does the sun not rise in the west?
5. The child cries. 6. Do I not stay with my aunt in Delhi?
7. Do I not understand the question? 8. Do Raman and Chaman work hard?
9. Does Somya not write very interesting poems? 10. Do they pray in the morning?
3. 1. He is lying down on the ground. 2. The boy is leaning against the tree.
3. The boys are sliding and falling on the ice. 4. The hunters are shooting wild animals.
5. The waves are rising high and the ship is sinking. 6. The sky is growing dark.
7. She is hiding her face for shame. 8. The dog is lying on the floor.
9. Mother is laying the table for breakfast. 10. The bird is flying out of the cage.
11. Birds are flying in the sky. 12. He is improving his writing.
3. Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 1. has just arrived. 2. have extended 3. have known, since 4. have always been
5. has lived, for 6. has already left 7. have known, since 8. have not visited, since
9. have waited, since 10. has not rained, since 11. has not sent, since 12. has not eaten, since

2. 1. Yes, I have been to France. 2. No, he has not replied to my letter.
3. Yes, they have won the match. 4. No, she has not left the job.
5. No, I never doubted his integrity. 6. No, she has not received the notice.
7. Yes, they have bought Samsung T.V. 8. No, he has not participated in the race.
9. Yes, I have gathered enough money to buy a car. 10. Yes, the farmers have ploughed the fields.
3. 1. has cried 2. have been sleeping since
3. has been grazing, since 4. have been waiting, since
5. have, been doing since 6. have been living, since
7. have been writing, since 8. have been digging, since
4. 1. Has she been suffering from fever for the last one week?
2. Have I been working since 7 o’clock this morning?
3. Have they been learning English for four years?
4. Has he been playing for two hours?
5. Have you been waiting for him since morning?
6. Has it been raining here since yesterday?
4. Verbs Expressing Simple Past and Past Progressive Tense

1. 1. came 2. passed 3. bought 4. wrote 5. lead
6. laid 7. continued 8. studied 9. carried 10. went
2. 1. was shining 2. was making 3. was crossing 4. was taking 5. was driving
6. was raining 7. was teaching 8. were talking 9. was listening 10. were leaving
3. 1. Did his father not come here last Monday? 2. Did Lila not pass the B.A. examination in 2018?
3. Did they not buy a new car yesterday? 4. Did Shakespeare not write a number of plays?
5. Did Mahatma not lead a simple life? 6. Did the hen not lay an egg in the morning?
7. Did I not stay at home so long as the rain continued?
8. Did he not study from morning till night? 9. Did he not always carry an umbrella?
10. Did the prince of petrol not go up last month?
4. 1. went 2. became 3. has come 4. Have, seen 5. came, have lived
6. rained 7. has heard 8. went 9. have spent 10. Has, come
11. was, lived 12. have injured 13. won 14. has locked 15. Have, taken
16. would, have 17. came 18. have, invited
5. Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous

1. 1. ran, came 2. heard, rushed 3. went
4. found, had forgotten 5. reported, had caught 6. went, had, left
7. said, had seen 8. visited 9. had landed, broke
10. said
2. 1. It had started raining before I left the school.
2. The people extinguished the fire before the fire-brigade arrived.
3. She had finished her cooking before she switched on her TV.
4. We had spent all the money so we had to walk back home.
5. The teacher had almost finished the lesson when the bell rang.
3. 2. They had been demanding a rise in their wages.
3. She had been knitting it for two months.
4. He had been working in Mumbai for five years.
5. She had been working hard for this success.
GRAMMAR VIII 27
4. 1. had learnt 2. had finished 3. had received 4. had gone 5. had, taken
6. had left 7. had completed 8. had spoken
6. Simple Future and Future Continuous Tense

1. 1. is coming 2. will be coming
3. shall not be, am leaving 4. will be raining
5. will
6. will be leaving for
will be leaving
shall be finishing
will be taking
7. will not be, will be going 8. shall be taking
9. will open 10. will begin, will end, will close, will reopen
2. 1. shall be seeing 2. will be flying 3. will be appearing 4. will be arriving
5. shall be writing 6. shall be staging 7. will be having 8. will be hoisting
9. will be having 10. will be playing
3. 1. I will be cooking food when he comes here. 2. He will be living in Mumbai next year.
3. Sanjana will be learning music in London. 4. I will be helping him with the lessons.
4. 1. We will be finishing our chores before going to sleep.
2. He will be flying kites this Sunday.
3. You and I shall be going to the market in the evening.
4. My sister will be turning three years old next week.
5. Rahul, Mohit and Suman will be completing their homework by evening.
6. My puppy will be turning three years old next week.
7. Verbs Expressing Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous Tense

1. 1. will have done 2. will have finished 3. will have come 4. will have read
5. will have reached 6. will have washed 7. will have written 8. will have written
9. will have left 10. will have eaten 11. will have passed 12. will have withdrawn
2. 1. will have been playing 2. will have been sowing
3. will have been living 4. will have been teaching
5. will have been working 6. will have been watering
7. will have been reading 8. will have been living
9. will, have been attending 10. will have been raining
11. will have been painting 12. will have been chasing
3. 1. Shall we not be exporting these goods for five years by next year?
2. By next Monday, shall we have not been digging this well for six days?
3. Shall I not been swimming for an hour and a half when you come to the pool?
4. Will he not been learning French for two years when he gets transferred to another place?
5. Will she not been doing maths for an hour?
6. By next Monday, will he not have changed his job?
7. In ten years’ time, will the doctors not have discovered a cure for COVID-19?
8. By 6 o’clock, will Rashmi not have been sitting in meditation for two years?
9. By next Sunday, will labourers not have been digging this well for six day?
10. When you visit the school next month, shall I not been teaching there for four years?

8. Modal Auxiliaries
1. 1. must 2. should 3. have got to 4. ought to 5. ought to
6. must 7. must 8. should 9. May 10. Can
2. 1. dare 2. used to 3. used to 4. Dare 5. Dare
6. used 7. used to 8. used to
3. 1. could 2. may 3. mustn’t 4. could 5. might
6. can 7. can 8.
4. 1. must 2. should 3. Can 4. Will 5. would
6. should 7. can 8. can 9. May 10. could
11. can 12. Could 13. Can 14. May 15. would
16. may 17. must 18. should 19. can 20. would
5. 1. Can you please sign my report card? 2. You must brush your teeth.
3. Can you please repeat? 4. Can you please get a side?
9. Comparisons
1.merrier merriest
kinder kindest
prettier prettiest
more red most red
fatter fattest
more intelligent most intelligent
more most
better best
later latest
more unique most unique
2. 1. worse 2. highest 3. the most intelligent 4. cleverer 5. largest
6. best 7. most exciting 8. less 9. most faithful 10. farther
3. 1. highly 2. earlier 3. less 4. most 5. earlier, sooner
6. worse, worse 7. more impatient
4. 1. The earlier you detect a disease, the easier it is to cure.
2. The longer I waited, the more impatient I became.
3. The later I go to bed, the later I rise.
4. The sooner you finish, the sooner you can go home.
5. The more you practise, the faster you learn.
5. 1. This case is worse than any other case that I have ever seen.
2. English is the easiest language.
3. Harshita wrote the best story in the examination.
4. This shop is better than any other shop I have ever visited.
5. Curd is nutritious.
10. Conditional Sentences

1. 1. If you heat ice, it melts. 2. If we left by 7 o’clock train, we would reach by 11.
GRAMMAR VIII 29
3. If I drop the glass jug, it will break. 4. If he gets my letter in time, he won’t leave.
5. If they feel ill, they see a doctor.
2. 1. will ask him about my book. 2. will face the consequences.
3. you will be promoted. 4. he knows about the problem?
5. I will not come. 6. let it be.
7. I will answer. 8. will live in it.
9. I will accept it. 10. I would have helped you.
11. he would have got better. 12. you had not helped.
3. 1. will walk 2. will be, will solve 3. turns 4. would beat
5. had not given 6. would be 7. would come 8. would attract
9. would get 10. would cost 11. had lent 12. would become
13. would have failed 14. should not be 15. would be
4. 1. If Mohit finds the wallet, he would return to Jatin.
2. If you wear a helmet, you would stay safe.
3. If Mr Roy had not bought lunch for all of us, we would not have eaten.
4. If you work hard, you will succeed.
5. If Riya were well, she would win the race.
6. If you had won a cash prize, you would have bought a laptop.
7. If he lived in this neighbourhood, he would visit this mall everyday.
11. Non-Finites
1. 1. to lend 2. run 3. sing 4. to make 5. work
6. lend 7. to perform 8. resign
2. 1. There is a meeting at 4 p.m. to attend.
2. He is too weak in studies to get through the exam.
3. We saw an old woman running to catch the bus.
4. Being disturbed by the children, he could not sleep.
5. We have made a promise to keep.
6. Having said their prayers, they go to bed.
7. Seeing the policeman, the child began to cry.
8. Having left the car on the road they walked into the jungle.
9. Feeling pity for the beggar, I gave him some money.
10. Having decided to fight, let us fight.
3. 1. speaking 2. studying 3. postponing 4. to carry 5. stealing
6. to explain 7. to come 8. to take 9. admitting 10. eating, waiting
11. to reach 12. eating 13. leaving 14. to laugh 15. die, tell
4. to be written on own by students.
12. Active and Passive Voice

1. 1. The selection of students is made by a committee. 2. My homework has been done by me.
3. The Gordian Knot was cut by Alexander. 4. Tea is being prepared by the servant.
5. The city was bombed last night by the enemy.
6. The students will be interviewed in the afternoon by the principal.
7. Our duty must be done by us. 8. Your friend should have been helped by you.
9. Let this picture be put on the wall. 10. You are advised to be honest.

11. Let the door be shut. 12. Let me be helped, please.
2. 1. Is French spoken by them? 2. Can this parcel be sent by air?
3. Have they invited you? 4. Why was this pen bought by you?
5. When will the mail be delivered by them? 6. By whom was the news broken?
7. The police gave him a reward of ` 10,000. 8. The result left us disappointed.
9. The landscape is being looked at by them. 10. His sudden demise left us shocked.
11. What does this box contain? 12. The door is being knocked at by a stranger.
13. He satisfied his parents with his progress. 14. My proposal was objected by nobody.
15. He astonished everybody with his performance. 16. The photograph was shown to me by someone.
13. Direct and Indirect Speech

1. 1. He said that they could not be happy in that life.
2. The gentleman told the beggar that he knew him.
3. He told me I was wasting my time.
4. She told me that I should leave that place as soon as I could.
5. He said that he had not worked hard.
6. The policeman asked the men where they were going.
7. The teacher asked the boy if he was not ashamed of his conduct.
8. His father asked him angrily if he supposed he was wiser than his father.
9. The stranger asked us if we would mind him.
10. She asked him if he was going to the movie that night.
2. 1. My friend told me to wait there till he returned.
2. The teacher asked the students to be quiet and listen to her words.
3. The servant requested his master to forgive him that time.
4. Shailesh suggested to join some computer course.
5. She told Shivani not to play such loud music for it may disturb her mother.
6. The fox exclaimed with joy that it was a wonderful feast.
7. She blessed me of success.
3. 1. Nandini said to her friend, “Good bye.”
2. The mother said, “We should invite some friends to Meena’s birthday.”
3. The stranger asked, “Where does Misha live?”
4. Mother asked, “Daughter, do you know where Prema is?”
5. The visitor said, “I had come here three days ago.”
6. I asked him, “Do not play such music, please.”
14. Transformation of Sentences

1. 1. There is no place like home. 2. It is sad that I have lost the case.
3. The poor depend upon their earning. 4. Mohan is not as tall as his father.
5. The tea is so hot that we cannot drink it. 6. He was undoubtedly not a brave and bold leader.
7. Punjab is not a hot state. 8. Please tell me how to do it.
9. Oh! It is a big mistake. 10. The failure is in his enterprise.
11. The boy said to his father, “Please buy me a new shirt?”
12. The child asked me who had put the salt in the sea.
2. 1. Your behaviour shocked me. 2. I have not committed a sin.
3. When will the thief be arrested by you? 4. He has given us invitation to dinner.
GRAMMAR VIII 31
5. The news is so good that it cannot be true. 6. Have I told you everything?
7. I was not sure that I could be dependent on him. 8. This exercise is not useless.
9. He is too proud to submit. 10. No sooner did I step out than it began to rain.
11. He could not be helped by anyone. 12. Ram can solve this problem.
13. Though he is well versed in books but is wanting common sense.
14. That was a fault which cannot be forgiven. 15. Though he was poor but he was always honest.
15. Phrases
1. 1. Noun Phrase 2. Adverbial Phrase 3. Noun Phrase 4. Noun Phrase 5. Noun Phrase
6. Adverbial Phrase 7. Noun Phrase 8. Adverbial Phrase 9. Noun Phrase 10. Adverbial Phrase
11. Noun Phrase 12. Adverbial Phrase
2. 1. playing badminton 2. an icecream
3. briskly 4. in a minute
5. in a wise manner 6. of good looks
7. of great achievement 8. To leave one’s home
9. Being kind 10. in a torn state
11. in his hand 12. with high sense of humour
13. of great honour 14. a lesser known place
15. soon
3. 1. He has done a shameful deed. 2. This is a faultless picture.
3. The accident occurred there. 4. This city is populated.
5. She is a professional dancer. 6. He is enjoying his life abroad.
7. The Rajput leader was a hopeful and fearless soldier.
8. His heroism deserve our admiration. 9. You should not leave home now.
10. Everything was in plenty then. 11. She agreed to my proposal lately.
12. The man wore silk turban. 13. He was carrying a blood stained knife.
14. He was a fearless soldier.
16. Clauses
1. 2. that we have made a mistake: Noun Clause; Subject of the Verb: think
3. that he has lost the election: Noun Clause; Subject of the Verb: is
4. that you have got a job: Noun Clause; Subject of the Verb: know
5. that he had done his duty: Noun Clause; Subject of the Verb: saying
6. what he said: Noun Clause; Subject of the Verb: laughed
7. that he has resigned from his job: Noun Clause; Subject of the Verb: surprises
8. that I would help him, he felt safe: Noun Clause; Subject of the Verb: hoping
2. 1. of a kind 2. quite well 3. in the big room
4. of his absence 5. which my friend bought 6. to land on moon
7. of the theft
3. 1. in the lawns 2. due to heavy rain
3. to succeed 4. Since it is lockdown
5. and hardworking man 6. Though he doesn’t, seem but
7. if you study hard 8. not buy this house
9. to the trip 10. that he couldn’t walk
11. Being bored 12. than her sister

13. continuously falling 14. with my friends
15. We will reach before
17. Prepositions
1. 1. on, at 2. by 3. during 4. on, at 5. by
6. at 7. In 8. in 9. on 10. in
11. for 12. since 13. from, to 14. through 15. at
2. 1. up at,  2. ,  3. on 4. in 5. 
6. on,  7. for 8. to 9. at 10. with
11. to 12. in, at
3. 1. at 2. on 3. at 4. to 5. from, to
6. to 7. at, at, in 8. in, at 9. in, of 10. at, for, in
11. at, since 12. through 13. at, of 14. at 15. on, of
16. between 17. at, in 18. on, of 19. at 20. of, for
18. Conjunctions
1. 2. lest: subordinating conjunction 3. if: subordinating conjunction
4. before: subordinating conjunction 5. because: Co-ordinating conjunction
6. than: subordinating conjunction 7. therefore: subordinating conjunction
8. though: subordinating conjunction 9. because: Co-ordinating conjunction
10. Or: Co-ordinating conjunction 11. Else: subordinating conjunction
12. that: subordinating conjunction
2. 1. though 2. but 3. but 4. , as well as 5. and
6. since 7. there, here 8. what 9. is too, that
3. 1. She has not written to me and left. 2. He found his pen which he had left in the office.
3. Though he walks but is slightly lame. 4. The thief took to his heels so he could not be caught.
5. If this is God’s will then let it be done.
6. As soon as I began my homework, the telephone bell rang.
7. The air was polluted so we could not even breathe comfortably.
8. When he came to see me last evening, I was reading a book then.
9. I pressed the button and the water gushed out of the tap.
19. Punctuation and Capital Letters

1.
1. He was now in the vigour of his days, forty-three years of age, stately in person, noble in his demeanour, calm
and dignified in his mannerism.
2. Your wife would give up little thanks if she were present to hear you make this offer.
3. A public speaker should be cool, collected and precise.
4. My orchard was often robbed by schoolboys and my wife’s custards, plundered by the cats.
5. Whenever I approached a peasant’s house towards night-fall, I played one of the most merry tunes.
6. By conscience and courage, of by deeds of devotion and daring, he soon commended himself to his fellows and
his officers.
GRAMMAR VIII 33
7. He will help us, won’t he?
8. He is to tell you the truth, a liar.
2. 1.
The visitor said to me, “Good Morning.” 2. Everybody says, “Speak the truth.”
3. ‘‘This is the book’¹, said she, ‘‘which I want.’’ 4. “Very well,” cried the inspector, ‘‘it’s fine.’’
5. “Where is the Taj”? asked the teacher. 6. Do you understand what I tell you?
7. Man proposes, God disposes. 8. He is sure, he cannot save you from ruin.
9. He hasn’t read Rabindranath Tagore’s ‘Gitanjali’.
10.Gandhiji, the father of the nation, freed us from the English.
3. 1.
“What will you charge for this pen?” the boy asked the shopkeeper. “Five rupees,” said the shopkeeper.
2. “No,” replied Guru Nanak. It is better for those unfriendly and selfish people to stay in one place where they
can do harm in one place only.
3. ‘‘What is the matter, father?’’ asked the little girl. ‘‘Nothing child, nothing,’’ replied the father, ‘‘eat your bread
and milk before it gets cold.’’
4. Most of the people believe that the pyramid of Khufu has special powers. They say that the pyramid power can
make plants grow faster and sharpen knives.
5. How can one keep a level head? If our value system is correct, we will not get easily strayed in life.
20. Word Formation

1. 1. to be done on own
2. 1. pre-historic 2. bi-monthly 3. pro-Indian 4. multi-coloured 5. foretell
3. 1. life-saving 2. good-looking 3. good-heart 4. long-lasting 5. ever-lasting
4. 1. famous 2. studious 3. childish 4. lovely 5. working
6. satisfying 7. Disciplinary 8. tiresome 9. hopeful 10. sympathise
11. love 12. gladden 13. encourages 14. correct
5. 1. beautify 2. certainty 3. slacking 4. strength 5. flattening
6. less 7. friendship 8. habitual 9. grieving 10. length
6. 1. occassion 2. separate 3. villain 4. accommodate 5. bouquet
6. preference 7. deceive 8. apology 9. ignorance 10. vacuum

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TEACHER’S HANDBOOK

LET’S LEARN ENGLISH GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION VIII

2. Verbs Expressing the Present Tense

3. Verbs Expressing Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous

4 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

4. Verbs Expressing Simple Past and

5. Verbs Expressing Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive Tense

6. Verbs Expressing Simple Future and Future Continuous Tense

7. Verbs Expressing Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous Tense

6 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

Revision Exercises I (Chapters 1 to 7)

9. Comparisons (Degrees of Adjective and Adverbs)

8 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

10 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

12. Active and Passive Voice

13. Direct and Indirect (Reported) Speech

12 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

Revision Exercises II (Chapters 8 to 13)

14. Transformation of Sentences

14 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

16 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

19. Punctuation and Capital Letters

20. Word Formation

18 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

Revision Exercises III (Chapters 14 to 20)

21. Comprehension Passages

Passage 2 (Page 195)

20 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

Passage 3 (Page 196)

Passage 4 (Page 197)

Passage 5 (Page 198)

Passage 6 (Page 199)

Passage 7 (Page 200)

24. Letter Writing

2. Bal Bhawan School, Delhi

3. Vidya Devi Public School, Gwalior

4. St. Thomas School, Delhi

26. Message Writing

22 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

27. Story Writing

24 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

4. Globus Public School, Delhi

5. (a) 1. The 2. Some, any 3. The 4. an, a 5. her

2. Verbs Expressing the Present Tense

3. Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous Tense

26 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

4. Verbs Expressing Simple Past and Past Progressive Tense

5. Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous

6. Simple Future and Future Continuous Tense

7. Verbs Expressing Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous Tense

28 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

10. Conditional Sentences

12. Active and Passive Voice

30 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

13. Direct and Indirect Speech

14. Transformation of Sentences

32 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

19. Punctuation and Capital Letters

20. Word Formation

34 TEACHER’S GUIDE BOOK – VIII

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Let's Learn THB - 8

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