Quick-Start with ASE Express

Session 1 - Install and Configure

 WHY SYBASE ON LINUX?

Award Winning Technology

“Readers Choice Award “
LinuxWorld Magazine, 2004

“Editors Choice Award”
Open Source World Magazine, 2003

“Lowest TCO Database”
Standish Group Report

Sybase Professional Services

Evaluation Services

Migration Services

Performance and Tuning Services

Sybase Linux Competency Centers

New York: 2003

Beijing: 2003
2 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE’S BROAD LINUX SUPPORT

Data Management Solutions

Adaptive Server Enterprise

Replication Server

Sybase IQ

Integration Solutions

OpenSwitch

EAServer

Enterprise Portal

Applications

Financial Fusion

Mobile & Wireless

SQL Anywhere Studio for LINUX

3 October 7, 2004
 ACCOLADES FOR ASE EXPRESS

“Sybase Ramps Up Linux Effort With Express

Database”

“Sybase releases free Express database for

Linux”

"It's definitely a good value proposition

compared to open-source databases. Sybase is a
very mature database, known for reliability,
availability and performance."

“Sybase Offering Flagship Database For Linux”

4 October 7, 2004
 MARK KUSMA
PRINCIPAL TECH SUPPORT ENGINEER

SYBASE
 AGENDA

Overview of Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE)

Installation

Connectivity

Server Configuration

Memory

Devices

Databases

Users

Permissions

Next Steps

6 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE ASE EDITIONS
EXPRESS DEVELOPER SMALL ENTERPRISE
BUSINESS
No. of CPUs 1 1 4 No limit
Max. Memory 2GB No limit No limit No limit
Size
Max. Database 5GB No limit No limit No limit
Size
Max. number of No limit 25 256 No limit
concurrent
connections
System Available Available Available Available
Management
Suite
Options & Not Available Included Available Available
Option except DR, XRAY, Except DR, HA & DTM
EFTS
Packages

ASE Express Edition can be installed/deployed on machines of any size (multi-processor
machines), ASE will only take advantage of one of those processors, 2GB memory and 5GB disk
space
7 . October 7, 2004
 ADAPTIVE SERVER SYSTEM MODEL
Application code
Open Client
SQL
Network interface SQL compiler
Request Shared memory
Data Cache
Response RPC SQL
executive

Procedure
Optimizer Cache

Buffer Manager
Indexes Transaction
Data tables Log

Stored
Procedures

8 October 7, 2004
 ADAPTIVE SERVER DATABASES

Required Databases
Sample Databases

master
pubs2

model
pubs3

sybsystemprocs
Application Databases

sybsystemdb
User defined

tempdb

Additional functionality
databases

sybsyntax

dbccdb

sybsecurity

9 October 7, 2004
 CLIENTS

isql – a command line program

jisql – java application which provides a GUI interface

Sybase Central – Java-based common framework for
managing Sybase servers, including Adaptive Server

10 October 7, 2004
 DATABASE UTILITIES

srvbuild – The Server installation utility

dsedit – A GUI tool for creating and modifying the
interfaces file

dscp – A command line tool for the interfaces file

bcp – A program that copies between a table and a file

optdiag – A program for displaying statistics from the two
system tables – systabstats and sysstatistics

sqldbgr – A command-line utility used to debug stored
procedures and triggers

ddlgen – A Java-based tool that generates definitions for
server and database level objects

11 October 7, 2004
 SERVER COMPONENTS

Adaptive Server Enterprise

The database server

Backup Server

Performs database dumps and loads for backup and
recovery

XP Server

Manages & executes extended stored procedures

Monitor Server

Collects data for performance and tuning analysis

Historical Server

Saves data from Monitor Server for deferred analysis

12 October 7, 2004
 ASE 12.5 DIRECTORY STRUCTURE

bin

init
ASE-
INSTALLATION 12_5 errorlog
install
DIRECTORY RUN_SYBASE
scripts
$SYBASE
charsets

Jutils-2_0 jisql jisql

isql
OCS-12_5 bin
bcp
interfaces
SYBASE.cfg

13 October 7, 2004
 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

$DSLISTEN (given by the Administrator)

Specifies the name of the server

$DSQUERY (given by the Administrator)

Identifies the server to connect to when a utility is run
without a specific server name

$SYBASE (given by the Administrator)

Identifies the top-level directory for all Sybase products

$SYBASE_ASE (set by the system to “ASE-12_5”)

Identifies subdirectory where Adaptive Server is installed

$JAVA_HOME (given by the Administrator)

Identifies subdirectory where Java Development Kit (JDK)
located

Needed only when using jisql client

14 October 7, 2004
 AGENDA

Overview of Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE)

Installation

Connectivity

Server Configuration

Memory

Devices

Databases

Users

Permissions

Next Steps

15 October 7, 2004
 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Operating System Requirements

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1
kernel 2.4.9-e.3 or higher
for Intel x86 (32-bit)
glibc 2.2.4-26 or higher
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0
kernel 2.4.21-4.EL or higher
for Intel x86 (32-bit)
glibc 2.3.2-95.3 or higher

compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.123 or higher
SuSE Linux Enterprise
kernel 2.4.18-e.37 or higher
Server 8.0/United Linux 1.0
glibc 2.2.5-165 or higher

compat–2002.8.15-29 or higher
Red Flag Linux 4.0
kernel 2.4.21-AS.1 or higher

glibc 2.3.93-5.1 or higher

16 October 7, 2004
 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

Minimum disk space required for the system databases

master device (default 30MB, minimum 14MB)

master – 6MB

model – 2MB

tempdb – 3MB

sybsystemdb – 2MB

sysprocsdev device (default 120MB)

sybsystemprocs – 120MB

Software installation: 375-655 MB

Minimum memory required

Adaptive Server – 64MB

Per additional user – 140KB

17 October 7, 2004
 PRE-INSTALLATION TASKS

Create a “sybase” account on your system

Do not install using the “root” account

Decide where you will install to, and verify space is
available

“sybase” needs permissions for the install directory

Increase amount of shared memory default to 64MB, or
higher

Most Linux systems default to 32MB

Check limit using: /sbin/sysctl kernel.shmmax

/sbin/sysctl –w kernel.shmmax=67108864

Login to the machine as the “sybase” user

18 October 7, 2004
 INSTALLING LINUX EXPRESS EDITION

Download the tgz file to a temporary directory

Unzip the file using gnu tar

tar –zxf ase1252xe_linux.tgz

Start the installer by entering: ./setup

Sybase no longer uses RPM on Linux

Select the appropriate license by selecting the country

Select the target installation directory

Select type of installation: Typical, Full or Custom

Install Status window displays the result of the installation
process

Once the software is installed, you can create the desired
server components, or exit the installer

19 October 7, 2004
 CREATING SERVERS

Creating servers

Take defaults or can Custom Configure

Adaptive Server: default name is hostname, port 5000

Backup Server: default is <ase_name>_BS, port 5001

Monitor Server: default is <ase_name>_MS, port 5002

XP Server: default is <ASE_NAME>_XP, port 5003. The XP
Server must be named using this convention.

Custom Configuration allows you to change names, port
numbers, page size, error log name, and initial devices
and sizes

Not all changes are applicable to each server

This process can be run stand-alone using the srvbuild
utility

20 October 7, 2004
 STARTING SERVERS

The RUN_<server> file is used to start a server

It is located in the $SYBASE/ASE-12_5/install directory

Contains the dataserver command used to start the server

It includes the following information:

Server name

Location of the master device

Location of the errorlog file

Location of configuration file

Location of the interfaces file

You can modify server startup behavior by modifying the
RUN_<server> file

RUN_<server>_XX scripts to start the other server
components (XX = BS, MS, XP)

21 October 7, 2004
 POST-INSTALLATION TASKS

To determine whether the servers you installed are

running, enter:

$SYBASE/$SYBASE_ASE/install/showserver

Set the environment variables

From a command line, enter one of the following depending on
which shell you are using:
source $SYBASE/SYBASE.csh
source $SYBASE/SYBASE.sh

22 October 7, 2004
 POST-INSTALLATION TASKS

To verify that you can connect to the server, enter:

isql –Usa –P<password> –S<server>

Warning: The default sa password is blank (NULL). You
should change the password since this is the System
Administrator’s login.

isql –Usa –P –S<server>
1> sp_password null, <new_password>
2> go

23 October 7, 2004
 AGENDA

Overview of Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE)

Installation

Connectivity

Server Configuration

Memory

Devices

Databases

Users

Permissions

Next Steps

24 October 7, 2004
 ESTABLISHING CONNECTIVITY

Sybase Open Client (SDK) software is required to make

connections to ASE

It is installed on the server machine during ASE install

For client installations:

on Linux platforms, it can be installed from the ASE Express
download image by selecting only Open Client in a custom
install

on Windows platforms, you need to download the ASE
12.5.2 Developer Edition PC-Client image from:
www.sybase.com/ase_1252devel

25 October 7, 2004
 THE interfaces FILE

The interfaces file is an “address book” that lists the name

and address of every known server

When connecting to a server with a given name, client
applications:

Look up the server name in the interfaces file

Connect to the server using the specified address

Administrators must modify and distribute the interfaces file
to users so they can connect to the server

The file is in the $SYBASE directory

On Windows, this file is called sql.ini and is located in the
%SYBASE%\ini directory

26 October 7, 2004
 USING LDAP FOR CONNECTIVITY

ASE 12.5.x and Open Client/Open Server can be configured to

use LDAP services to define server connection information

LDAP directory structure is accessed by a 3rd-party LDAP server.

Provides an optional, lightweight alternative to the interfaces file

Lookup requests are based on server name

LDAP supports more attributes than the interfaces file, for
example:

server status

version

LDAP is a centrally located, platform independent directory
service

Removes the need to distribute the interfaces file to clients

27 October 7, 2004
 AGENDA

Overview of Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE)

Installation

Connectivity

Server Administration/Configuration

Memory

Devices

Databases

Users

Permissions

Next Steps

28 October 7, 2004
 CONNECTING VIA SYBASE CENTRAL

Sybase Central is a GUI tool for administering Sybase servers

The ASE plug-in provides support for Adaptive Server

Enter:

$SYBASE/ASEP/bin/aseplugin

Select Tools|Connect, then select the server to which you want
to connect from the drop-down list.

In the Login window, enter, the System Administrator’s user
name (sa) and password. Click OK.

29 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL

30 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL

31 October 7, 2004
 THE CONFIGURATION FILE

When the server is started the configuration file is used to

allocate server resources

$SYBASE/$SYBASE_ASE/$DSLISTEN.cfg

Configuration changes are written to the .cfg file

Dynamic & Static configuration parameters

Dynamic parameter changes take effect immediately

‘number of user connections’

Static parameter changes take effect when the server is
restarted

‘max network packet size’

170 dynamic, 49 static configuration options

32 October 7, 2004
 ASE MEMORY COMPONENTS

OS and Other programs

Adaptive Server executable

Internal
Kernel structure Structures
Machine’s
Physical Server Structure
Memory Adaptive Max
Configurable
Server Allocated Memory Object Pool Parameters Memory
Total
Logical Memory Object Pools
Memory
Procedure Cache

Cache
Data Cache

33 October 7, 2004
 max memory

‘max memory’ is a configuration parameter specifying the

maximum size of physical memory in 2K pages that
Adaptive Server can allocate

The default value is platform specific

max memory is the most shared memory that can be used
by the server

The parameter is dynamic

34 October 7, 2004
 total logical memory

‘total logical memory’ is a read-only configuration

parameter indicating the size of memory required to
satisfy the current configuration

total logical memory cannot exceed max memory

35 October 7, 2004
 NON-CACHE MEMORY

ASE executable

Non configurable

Kernel structures

Used by the server during runtime to store internal
information

Non configurable

Server Structures

Used to store information about user connections,
databases in use, available locks, and so on

Configurable

Memory Object pools

Blocks of memory from which smaller memory segments are
allocated dynamically

Non configurable, though size related to max memory

36 October 7, 2004
 PLANNING MEMORY CONFIGURATION

When planning memory configuration, do the following in order:

1.Maximum memory

Determine the total memory available for the ASE server

Configure ‘max memory’ to that amount
2.Server structures

Determine how you will set the configuration parameters that use
large amounts of memory

Configure these parameters as appropriate
3.Procedure and data cache

Determine the appropriate size for each cache

Configure ‘procedure cache size’

Configure data cache using sp_cacheconfig

37 October 7, 2004
 DEVICES

Adaptive Server allocates database resources through a

mechanism known as devices. Before databases can be
created, the devices on which they will be created must be
initialized.

A database device is a physical resource that stores the
objects that make up the database

The term “device” does not necessarily refer to a distinct
physical device

It can be any piece of disk, such as disk partition

It can be a file in the operating system

38 October 7, 2004
 TYPES OF DEVICES

Installation devices

The master device

This device initially stores the master, model, tempdb, and
sybsystemdb system databases

All of these databases except for master can be moved or
expanded off the master device

The sysprocsdev device, which stores the sybsystemprocs
database

SA-defined database devices

These devices store user databases

These devices can store system databases except for master

Dump devices

These devices are used for database and transaction log dumps,
such as tape devices

39 October 7, 2004
 INITIALIZING DEVICES

Device initialization is a process that prepares the device for

storage and makes it known to the server

A device must be initialized before it can be used

Once the device has been initialized, it can be used to store:

Databases

Specific database objects

Database transaction logs

Devices are initialized using the disk init command

Maps the specified physical disk device or operating system file to a
database device name

Lists the new device in master..sysdevices

Prepares the device for database storage

Only System Administrators can execute disk init

disk init name=‘test_device’,
physname=‘/opt/sybase/test_dev.dat’,size=’50M’

Can also be created using Sybase Central

40 October 7, 2004
 PREREQUISITES TO CREATING A DB

Before creating a database, decide:

The size of the database

The device(s) to use and is space available

If a separate log device is needed and, if so, what size

Databases are easy to expand, but cannot be directly
shrunk

To shrink a database, you must copy the data out, recreate
the database, and copy the data back in

When planning the size, consider mainly tables, indexes
and transaction logs

Leave some free space for unanticipated activity/growth

41 October 7, 2004
 CREATING DATABASES

model acts as a “template database”

The contents of model are always copied to the new database

You can create stored procedures, tables, rules, user-defined
datatypes, users, privileges, and options in model

All future databases automatically inherit these objects and
options

System tables in master affected by database creation:

sysdatabases

Contains a row for every database on Adaptive Server, which
specifies the database name and owner

Specifies a database ID, dbid, for each database

sysusages

Contains a row for every database fragment, indicating the size
and logical starting disk address for that fragment
42 October 7, 2004
 DATABASE SIZE

The ‘default database size’ configuration parameter specifies

the size of a database in MB when no size is given during the
database creation

‘default database size’ defaults to 2, meaning 2MB on a 2K page
size server

create database test

Creates a 2MB database with data and log on a “default” device

create database test on test_device

Creates a 2MB database with data and log on the same device

create database test on test_device = 8 log on log_device = 2

Creates a 10MB database with 8MB for data and 2MB for log, each on
different devices

43 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

44 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

45 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

46 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

47 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

48 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

49 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

50 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

51 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

52 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

53 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

54 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

55 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

56 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

57 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

58 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

59 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

60 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

61 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

62 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

63 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

64 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

65 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

66 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

67 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

68 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

69 October 7, 2004
 TEMPORARY DATABASES

tempdb database

Used for temporary tables and work tables (sorts, joins, etc)

Contention on the system catalog tables

Can run out of space, affects everyone on the ASE server

ASE 12.5.0.3 added Multiple Tempdbs

Splits up the load to reduce contention

One full tempdb doesn’t affect all server users

Can setup a specific tempdb for ‘sa’ use

Helpful to diagnose problems when other tempdbs fill

70 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

71 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

72 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

73 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

74 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

75 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

76 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

77 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

78 October 7, 2004
 SYBASE CENTRAL WALKTHROUGH

79 October 7, 2004
 INSTALL pubs2 DATABASE

Install the pubs2 database using the supplied script

cd $SYBASE/ASE-12_5/scripts

isql –S p1252x –U sa –P –i installpubs2 –o pubs2

Script creates a 3MB database on a ‘default’ device

For examples of using the
pubs2 database, see the various
ASE manuals

80 October 7, 2004
 NEXT STEPS

You are now ready to start defining database objects,

logins, stored procedures, etc.

Sybase Education fills in the holes

Fast Track to ASE, System and Database Admin, more…

www.sybase.com/education

Sybase Professional Services (SPS)

Evaluation, Migration, Performance & Tuning

Tech Support

www.sybase.com/support

Support contract needed for some of the site areas

81 October 7, 2004
MICHAEL PEPPLER
PRINCIPAL CONSULTANT

DATA MIGRATIONS, INC.

 ENTERPRISE vs. FREE LINUX

ASE is certified on Enterprise version of Linux

ASE runs fine on almost all relatively recent distros:

RedHat 7.2, 7.3, 8.0

Does NOT run on RH 9 due to a bug in glibc

Fedora Core 1 and 2

Gentoo

Others

83 October 7, 2004
 FEDORA CORE 1 and 2

Very similar to Red Hat Enterprise 3.x

The following packages must be installed:

Recent Java JVM for the Sybase installer

e.g. j2sdk-1.4.2_05-fcs from java.sun.com

compat-libstdc++

kernel.shmmax set to at least 67108864 (64MB).

Raw devices can be configured in the usual way.

84 October 7, 2004
 GENTOO

Similar basic requirements:

Recent java package (for example the dev-java/blackdown-jdk
package.)

sys-libs/lib-compat for the libstdc++ libraries.

kernel.shmmax set to 64MB or more.

To use raw devices these must be configured in the kernel
(CONFIG_RAW_DRIVER).

85 October 7, 2004
 GENTOO CONFIGURATION

Gentoo is basically a source distribution – ASE depends on

glibc being correctly configured:

/etc/make.conf must have the correct CFLAGS and CHOST
settings:

CFLAGS should include “-march=i686”

CHOST should be set to “i686-pc-linux-gnu”

If ASE fails during start-up with an “infected with 11”
message, it is almost certainly due to an incorrect glibc
build.

86 October 7, 2004
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS