9789004277137

(1)
.
The SkandapurƘQa
1
(2)
SUPPLEMENT
TO
G R O N I N G E N O R I E N TA L S T U D I E S
Published under the auspices of the J. Gonda Foundation

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
&EJUPS
) 5 #BLLFS (SPOJOHFO
&EJUPSJBM #PBSE
1 $ #JTTDIPQ t % % 4 (PPEBMM
) *TBBDTPO t ( + .FVMFOCFME
"EWJTPSZ #PBSE
3 ' (PNCSJDI 0YGPSE t + )FFTUFSNBO -FJEFO
% 4IVMNBO +FSVTBMFN t + 8JMMJBNT #FSLFMFZ
2
(3)
To
Egbert Forsten
3
(4)
The Great God and his vāhana, the Bull

(Śāmalājı̄, the Baroda Museum)
4
(5)
The Skandapurana
.
VOLUME II B 31-52
AdhyƘyas
The VƘhana and Naraka Cycles
+ZQ\QKIT-LQ\QWV
_Q\PIV1V\ZWL]K\QWV

)VVW\I\ML-VOTQ[P;aVWX[Q[
by
Hans T. Bakker, Peter C. Bisschop, Yuko Yokochi
in cooperation with Nina Mirnig and Judit Törzsök
BRILL
LEIDEN | BOSTON
5
This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license,
which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and
the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by-nc/4.0/
The terms of the cc license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources
(indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further
permission from the respective copyright holder.
Photograph frontispiece: Courtesy Wikimedia Commons
This book has been realized thanks to the financial support of

the Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences (JSPS)
the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO)
issn 1566-7642
isbn 978-90-04-27028-2 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-27713-7 (e-book)
Copyright 2014 by Hans T. Bakker, Peter C. Bisschop and Yuko Yokochi. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV,
Leiden, The Netherlands.
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense,
Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag.
Koninklijke Brill NV reserves the right to protect this publication against unauthorized use.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.

(7)
Preface
After the publication of SP II A in 2004 and SP III in 2013, we are pleased

to add another volume to the critical edition of the Skandapurān.a. With
the publication of the present volume, which covers the adhyāyas 31–52,
approximately one third of the text has been made available in a critical
edition. Sixteen years have passed since the publication of the first volume
and we do consider the point reached to be something of a milestone.
The substantial portion of the Skandapurān.a that is now available allows
for a better understanding and appreciation of the text as a whole. We
hope that our readers will explore this treasure trove and use it in their
research. Our own admiration for the text has certainly not diminished
over the years. More than ever we are convinced of its significance for
the study of the religious and cultural history of India, as well as for the
understanding of the composition and transmission of Purān.a literature.
With the present volume we return to the format of presentation of SP
I. The previous volume, SP II A, was limited to a smaller portion of the
text and included a cultural history of Vārān.ası̄ along with an extensive
philological commentary, thus allowing for a detailed positioning of the
text’s Vārān.ası̄māhātmya in time and place. For the present volume we
have edited a larger portion of text along the lines of SP I and SP III; the
philological commentary is restricted to the footnotes to the synopses.
In the introduction we touch upon some of the major themes that
are the subject of the myth cycles of SP 31–52, but we have had to re-
frain from providing an in depth cultural and historical study of the rich
materials in these chapters. The chapters on the Narakas, in particular,
would merit further investigation in relation to other Brahmanical and
non-Brahmanical sources of the Indian conception of hell.
Work on the present volume formally started in 2008 as part of the NWO
project A Historical Enquiry Concerning the Composition and Transmis-
sion of the Skandapurān.a. The team of editors at that time consisted
of Hans Bakker (Groningen), Peter Bisschop (then Edinburgh, now Lei-
den) and Yuko Yokochi (Kyoto). We were joined in 2010 by Nina Mirnig
(Groningen) and Judit Törzsök (Lille). They have both attended our joint
vii
7
(8)
viii Preface
sessions held in Groningen and Leiden since then. Nina Mirning prepared
a draft edition of adhyāya 37, and Judit Törzsök of adhyāya 52, editions
that were finalized by Yuko Yokochi. The remainder of the text edition
was prepared by Peter Bisschop and Yuko Yokochi, while the synopsis
and annotation were drafted by Hans Bakker. The introduction was writ-
ten jointly by Peter Bisschop, Hans Bakker and Yuko Yokochi. The end
product is very much the work of a team; all parts of this volume have
been extensively discussed in our research sessions—discussions that were
continued through an intensive email exchange. We are convinced—and
we think the outcome proves it—that the study and edition of texts like
the Skandapurān.a benefit greatly from such a teamwork approach.
Alongside the critical edition itself, the study of other aspects relat-
ing to the cultural and historical setting of the Skandapurān.a has been
continued in the framework of the above-mentioned NWO project. Nina
Mirnig was appointed in 2010 to a postdoctoral project on the history of
early Saivism in Nepal, and Natasja Bosma studied forms of early Saivism
in Daks.in.a Kosala (Chhatisgarh). Nina Mirnig and Natasja Bosma jointly
organized a symposium Epigraphical Evidence for the Formation and Rise
of Early Śaivism held at the University of Groningen in the summer of
2012; the proceedings of this symposium have appeared as a double issue
of Indo-Iranian Journal in 2013 (IIJ 56.3–4). In addition, Hans Bakker
wrote a volume that synthesizes our Purān.a research: The World of the
Skandapurān.a. Northern India in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries. In
it he investigates the culture and religion embedded in the Skandapurān.a
against the backdrop of the political history and geographical reality of
Northern India at the time of the composition of the text. Like the present
volume, that book will be published by Brill (Leiden) in 2014 as a Supple-
ment to the Groningen Oriental Studies. The results of all these studies
have filtered into our interpretation of the text.
The publication of this volume and our research on the Skandapurān.a

would not have been possible without the generous financial support of
the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), which also
supported our research of the text in previous years. We gratefully ac-
knowledge this support.
As always, we are indebted to the various libraries that have allowed us
to make use of the manuscripts in their collections and to the many people
involved in the ever-expanding collection of electronic Sanskrit texts, on
which so much of our research depends these days.
We thank Julia Harvey for correcting our English and Kengo Harimoto
for technical assistance with the final typesetting of this volume. Above
all we would like to reserve a special place here for Egbert Forsten, who
8
(9)
Preface ix
has been our publisher from day one. This volume is the first one to be
published by Brill Publishers alone, but Egbert Forsten has still overseen
the production process of this book. For this and for his continuing sup-
port over the many years we are truly grateful. We dedicate this book to
him as a token of our appreciation.
November 2013,
Hans Bakker, Groningen

Peter Bisschop, Leiden
Yuko Yokochi, Kyoto
9
(10)
10
(11)
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Myth Cycles of Skandapurān.a 31–52 . . . . . . . . 3

Conclusion of the Vārān.ası̄ Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
The Vāhana Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Introduction of the Vindhyāsinı̄ Cycle
and the story of Upamanyu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The Naraka Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
The story of Kās.t.hakūt.a and Śiva’s return to Mandara . . . 11
Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
The Dan.d.aka metre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Metres of the Vaitālı̄ya group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
The transmission of the S recension . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Manuscripts of the R and A recension . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Presentation of the critical apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Grammatical anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Synopsis
Structure of the Contents of Chapters 31 to 52 . . . 27

Synopses of Chapters 31 to 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
xi
11
(12)
xii Contents
Skandapurān.a
Symbols and Abbreviations in the Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Sigla of the Manuscripts and the Edition Used . . . . . . . . . . 116
Skandapurān.a: Adhyāyas 31 to 52
Adhyāya 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Adhyāya 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Adhyāya 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Adhyāya 34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Adhyāya 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Adhyāya 36 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Adhyāya 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Adhyāya 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Adhyāya 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Adhyāya 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Adhyāya 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Adhyāya 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Adhyāya 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Adhyāya 44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Adhyāya 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Adhyāya 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Adhyāya 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Adhyāya 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Adhyāya 49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Adhyāya 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Adhyāya 51 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Adhyāya 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Bibliography & Indexes
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Indexes
Index to the Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Index to the Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Index of Text Passages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
12
(13)
Introduction
13
1
(14)
14
2
(15)
The Myth Cycles of Skandapurān.a 31–52
The myths that form the subject of the present volume may, at first sight,
seem to bear little relation to one another. On closer inspection, though,
an overall framework which holds the various stories together and reveals a
design can be detected. We have given the present volume the subtitle The
Vāhana and Naraka Cycles in order to indicate the two main narratives it
contains, but these cycles by no means fully cover all the subject matter
of SP 31–52.
It should be noted at the outset that none of the myths narrated in
this volume are referred to in the Anukraman.ikā contained in the second
adhyāya of the Skandapurān.a. 1 This is all the more remarkable since
some of the myths in this part of the text are of central importance to
early Śaivism, in particular the stories about the destruction of Daks.a’s
sacrifice 2 and Śiva acquiring the Bull for his vehicle.
The relationship between the Anukraman.ikā and the actual content
of the Purān.a text remains to be studied in more detail, but for the
time being we presume that the Anukraman.ikā was conceived as a sort
of blueprint that served as a guiding principle on topics that were to be
dealt with in the course of the Purān.a. The listing in SP 2 is far from
being an exact description of the actual contents. 3 We can distinguish four
ways in which the Anukraman.ikā relates to the Purān.a as it exists today.
1 Subjects and their narrative order mentioned in the Anukraman.ikā
conform to the actual Purān.a. 4 2 Topics mentioned in the Anukrama-
n.ikā are indeed found in the actual narrative, but their place in the Anu-
1 In the synopsis of SP I it was tentatively suggested that kr.taghnākhyāna ‘The Story

of the Ungrateful’ (SP 2.28b) may refer to SP 49, but this now seems to us unlikely.
While it is true that SP 49 is concerned with ungrateful persons (kr.taghna), it is
not a story (ākhyāna) proper, but forms an intrinsic part of the text’s extensive
description of Narakas. SP 49.10–28 presents a list of evil people, in particular
various ungrateful ones, who have to go through all the hells.
2 SP 2.7 mentions daks.aśāpa ‘Daks.a’s Curse,’ a topic taken up in SP 10.26–38, but
no mention is made of the destruction of Daks.a’s sacrifice in the Anukraman.ikā.
3 See also the discussion in SP I, Prolegomena, 43–44.
4 This is mainly the case in the first part of our text, contained in Volumes I and
III.
3
© Hans Bakker, Peter Bisschop & Yuko Yokochi, 2014 | DOI:10.1163/9789004277137_002 15
3
This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
(16)
4 Introduction
kraman.ikā does not correspond to the place where they are found in our
text. This is frequently the case and applies, for instance, to the Skanda
and the Andhaka Cycles. 3 Stories that are included in the Purān.a,
but are completely missing from the Anukraman.ikā. 4 Subjects that are
mentioned in the Anukraman.ikā, but are not found in the extant text. 5
As noted above, the contents of the present volume seems to fall into
category 3 almost in its entirety. To this can be added that the Vārān.ası̄
Cycle (SP 26–31.14), which is concluded in the present volume in SP 31.14,
is placed in the Anukraman.ikā before the Nandin Cycle, i.e. SP 20–25 (an
instance of category 2). In this case it thus seems as if the insertion of
two extensive narrative cycles, those of the Vāhana and Naraka, elicited
a rearrangement of the preceding narrative. Traces of this rearrangement
can still be detected.
It has been observed by Martine Kropman in an unpublished essay en-
titled Consecration of Kumāra that SP 31.15 would more naturally follow
SP 25.57, in which Śiva is travelling together with Devı̄ (instead of Hari-
keśa) to his sthānam avyayam (SP 25.57d), i.e. Mount Mandara. In that
case the object of dr..s.tvā in SP 31.15a would be Mount Mandara, whose
tapas causes Śiva’s desire to approach it and grant a boon (SP 31.16; see
below n. 59 on p. 32). Kropman’s observation opens up the possibility that
the Vārān.ası̄māhātmya was inserted in its present place at a stage of the
redaction of the Skandapurān.a, when it was decided to add the Vāhana
and Naraka Cycles to the text. The redactor may have smoothed out the
new transition by inserting Devı̄’s wish to accompany Śiva out of Vārān.ası̄
(SP 31.19–21).
For reasons unknown, the Anukraman.ikā was never adapted to the
actual Purān.a contents, but was preserved in its preliminary form in the
final first redaction of the text, as well as in the second redaction that
created the hyparchetype of the RA recension. Some of the items men-
tioned in it, however, were included in this second redaction of the text, for
instance the myths that explain the origins of ashes and Śiva’s crescent. 6
Conclusion of the Vārān.ası̄ Cycle

The present volume of our edition thus opens with the conclusion of the
Vārān.ası̄ Cycle (SP 31.1–14). These fourteen verses had already been
5 This category can be divided into two: subjects not found in any of our manu-
scripts, and stories that are missing in the Nepalese manuscripts but are found in
R and A.
6 SP 2.23a (bhasmasomodbhava), which is found in RA: A3 ff. 157v–158v, A5 ff. 271v–
273v, A7 ff. 228r–229v, Rff. 240v–241v. As has been observed in the Prolegomena
(SP I, 44), this does not necessarily imply that these added stories were composed
later than the text as preserved in the S manuscripts.
16
4
(17)
Introduction 5
included in SP II A as part of the Vārān.ası̄māhātmya, but we have in-

corporated them here again for the sake of completeness and to show the
transition to the next myth cycle. After Deva and Devı̄ have gone to the
tapas-practising Yaks.a Harikeśa and made him the Ks.etrapāla of Vārā-
n.ası̄, the pair proceed to the Mandara mountain, which is also practising
tapas, and offer a boon. The idea of the inherent value of asceticism (ta-
pas) and the intrinsically related theme of complete submission to and
worship of Mahādeva is a feature that runs throughout the Skandapu-
rān.a, and it is the central topic that connects the myths in this volume.
The boon asked for by Mandara is that Devadeva, together with Umā
and the Gan.as, may live on Mount Mandara. Deva creates a residence on
the mountain called Vr.s.an, which may have been thought to be a wor-
thy equivalent of Śiva’s Vārān.ası̄ residence, and whose name, though not
identical to Vr.s.abha, appears to have prompted Vyāsa’s next question,
since he asks Deva how it came to pass that he had abandoned his earlier
vehicle, viz., the cloud, in favour of the Bull. Herewith the Vāhana Cycle
begins (SP 31.36–33.136).
The Vāhana Cycle

The first myth in the Vāhana Cycle serves to explain that the cloud,
which used to be Śiva’s vehicle, is in fact the (Vedic) sacrifice (Yajña). A
long time ago, Yajña was doing tapas to make the world thrive and was
granted a boon by Deva so that he could make people thrive by becoming
a cloud (SP 31.43). Yajña wishes to become Deva’s vehicle and to carry
him in the form of a rain cloud. Sanatkumāra remarks that Sacrifice was
removed from the office of being Deva’s vehicle when, on the occasion
of the destruction of Daks.a’s sacrifice, Yajña’s head was cut offby an
arrow (SP 31.46). With this the well-known Daks.a myth, which forms the
subject of SP 32, is introduced.
First, however, Sanatkumāra answers Vyāsa’s question about the im-
mediate cause of the destruction by narrating the story of the enmity be-
tween Ks.upa and Dadhı̄ca (SP 31.49–115). The episode revolves around a
dispute about the superiority of brahman over ks.atra and of Śiva over Vi-
s.n.u. Dadhı̄ca’s victory proves the superiority of brahman and Śiva. After
practising severe tapas, Dadhı̄ca requests that Mahādeva vanquish all the
gods including Vis.n.u, to which Śiva assents (SP 31.101–102). The episode
of Ks.upa and Dadhı̄ca provides the kāran.a of the destruction of Daks.a’s
sacrifice, by which all the gods are humbled. The story concludes with
a Māhātmya of Sthāneśvara, the place (sthāna) where the fight between
Ks.upa and Dadhı̄ca took place and was halted. 7
7 The insertion of (short) Māhātmyas in the mythological narratives is a conspicuous

feature of the Skandapurān.a. The significance of Sthāneśvara in the context of the
17
5
(18)
6 Introduction
The next chapter (SP 32) is devoted entirely to the narration of the
story of the destruction of Daks.a’s sacrifice. This story, which has many
parallels in epic and Puranic sources, 8 is one of the key myths establishing
the superiority of Śaivism over the earlier Vedic religion and its gods.
Some noteworthy features of the Skandapurān.a’s version of the story may
be pointed out here.
First of all, as mentioned above, the composers of the Skandapurān.a
integrated it into the Vāhana myth cycle by presenting it as the prelude
to the transition of the vehicle of Śiva from the cloud, identified here with
Yajña, to Vr.s.abha. This position of the Daks.a myth is unique to the
Skandapurān.a. In marked contrast to some of the other relations of the
myth, Śiva himself is not engaged in the destruction of Daks.a’s sacrifice;
he leaves it to a proxy (Haribhadra), who is specifically created for the
purpose. Haribhadra himself is assisted by a proxy of Devı̄ (Bhadrakā-
lı̄) and the army of Gan.as. This configuration is in line with a general
tendency of the authors of the text to keep Śiva aloof from the action
itself. 9 Indeed, Deva and Devı̄ are said to watch the spectacle from a
distance near a place called Raibhya’s Hermitage (SP 32.23).
Another unique feature of the Skandapurān.a’s version of the story
is the exchange between the Vedic Mantras and the gods, in which the
Mantras speak up for Maheśvara, arguing that he deserves the first share
in the sacrifice (SP 32.30–36). Also absent in all other versions of the
Daks.a story, but prominent in the Skandapurān.a, is a lengthy episode in
which the gods are made to enter Śiva’s body (SP 32.65–112). Inside they
travel through the seven lokas and arrive at a higher, eighth loka, to which
they are brought by a Gan.apa named Pañcāks.a. Proceeding further, they
are made to enter a hermetic city, in which they are scared out of their
wits by a fearsome lion, a (supernatural) manifestation of Śiva’s anger. It
causes the gods to take refuge with Pañcāks.a. The Gan.apa then shows
them Deva and Devı̄ in their natural states again, with which the epiphany
ends.
The gods’ ordeal is not yet over though, for they are next frightened
by Kālakarn.ı̄, a (natural) manifestation of Devı̄’s fury. The gods take
shelter in a heap of ashes at Deva’s side, whereupon Devı̄ requests Kāla-
karn.ı̄ to stop harrassing them, for by entering into the heap (rāśi) of ashes
they have become Pāśupatas. The episode is a powerful mythical etiology
of Pāśupata initation, culminating in the defining moment of bathing in
ashes. 10 It thus underlines the Pāśupata background of the text.
composition of our text is dealt with in Bakker 2007b and 2014, 77–80, 153–70.
8 For an overview and analysis of the different versions of the Daks.a myth, see
Mertens 1998. The version in the Skandapurān.a is, however, left out of that study.
9 See Granoff2004, 112 and Granoff2006. For the case of Devı̄, see SP III, 31f.
10 See Bakker 2007b, 5.
18
6
(19)
Introduction 7
After they have taken refuge in Devı̄, with a rich and remarkable hymn
composed in the Dan.d.aka metre (SP 32.113–117), the gods regain their
natural states and realize Deveśa’s might (SP 32.118–134). A Māhātmya
of the place where this event took place follows. This place is called
Bhadreśvara. Some other important sites nearby receive a Māhātmya as
well, including Kubjāmraka, Brahmāvarta and Kanakhala (SP 32.134–
193). The chapter comes to an (early) end with Kālakarn.ı̄ being made the
daughter of Brahmā, identified with Death (Mr.tyu).
The Vāhana Cycle culminates in SP 33, in which it is explained how
Śiva came to acquire Vr.s.abha as his vehicle. It consists of two parts. (1)
An opening myth in which Dharma and Yajña worship Śiva as the Lord
in the Middle (Madhyameśvara), ending in Śiva’s promise that they will
become (part of) his vehicle (SP 33.1–27). 11 (2) The myth about the birth
of Vr.s.abha, his fight with the Sam. vartaka Fire after he had threatened to
drink up the Ocean, Śiva’s creation of a Rudra and the Rudra’s capture
and release of the Sam . vartaka Fire, and the empowerment of Vr.s.abha as
Śiva’s vehicle through the Rudra Prabhākara (SP 33.29–134). The latter
episode ties the two seemingly disjointed parts together, for Dharma and
Yajña are the first to take up residence in the Bull, followed by all the
other gods. Dharma takes up the front part and Yajña the hinder part, a
state of affairs which may be explained by the fact that Yajña had earlier
lost his head at the destruction of Daks.a’s sacrifice. 12 The Vāhana Cycle
is concluded with the empowerment of the Bull.
Introduction of the Vindhyavāsinı̄ Cycle and the story of Upamanyu

SP 34 introduces the extensive Vindhyavāsinı̄ Cycle (SP 34.1–61; SP 53–
69). This cycle forms the subject of SP III, edited by Yokochi. For the
sake of continuity we reprint SP 34.1–61 here. As has been shown by
Yokochi, the Vindhyavāsinı̄ Cycle consists of three narrative layers, the
first of which has as its main subject ‘Pārvatı̄’s change of complexion from
dark to fair and the consequent birth of Kauśikı̄ from her sloughed-offdark
skin’ (SP III, 5). 13
The first half of chapter 34 (SP 34.1–61) begins with Vyāsa’s question
as to how Devı̄, who originally had a dark complexion, obtained a fair
one. Sanatkumāra relates that, once as they were enjoying themselves on
Mount Mandara, Śiva called Umā ‘Dark Lady’ (kr..sn.ā) in jest. In order
11 This includes a Māhātmya of the place Madhyama: SP 33.22–27.

12 Dharma and Yajña are in this way accommodated in Saivism. For the identity of
Dharma and the Bull, see Synopsis, n. 210 on p. 65.
13 Yokochi distinguishes the following three layers in the Vindhyavāsinı̄ Cycle:
Layer A (SP 34.1–61; SP 53–55; SP 58–59; SP 69): Pārvatı̄’s Myth.
Layer B (SP 60.14–21; SP 60.72–132; SP 61–68): the Kauśikı̄-Vindhyavāsinı̄ Myth.
Layer C (SP 56–57; SP 60.1–13; SP 60.22–71): Other Episodes.
19
7
(20)
8 Introduction
to make up for hurting her feelings, Deva offers Devı̄ boons. She asks him
to give her a beautiful fair complexion and to let her have a son. De-
va instantly grants these boons, but Devı̄ insists on practising tapas first
to deserve them. With Śiva’s permission, Devı̄ proceeds to the Himavat,
where she settles on a golden peak to begin her tapas. 14 The introduction
of the Vindhyavāsinı̄ Cycle ends with the appearance of a tiger, who sits
by her side and is favoured by her. 15
Although the immediate cause of Pārvatı̄’s tapas is her desire for a fair
complexion, the second boon is crucial within the overall scheme of the
text in that it articulates the plot of the Purān.a, viz. the birth of Skanda.
The introduction of the Vindhyavāsinı̄ Cycle thus serves two purposes: it
introduces the myth of Kauśikı̄ Vindhyavāsinı̄, the dark goddess who is
created from Pārvatı̄’s sloughed-offdark skin, and it articulates the plot
relating to Skanda, which organizes the composition of the text. 16
The second half of chapter 34 (SP 34.62–122) is devoted to the myth
of the sage Upamanyu, whose life story is also known from the Anuśāsana-
parvan of the Mahābhārata (MBh 13.14.75–196). It is a sort of interlude
between the Vindhyavāsinı̄ and Naraka Cycles, connected to these two by
its central theme of tapas.
In the Mahābhārata it is Upamanyu who tells Kr.s.n.a his own life story,
in the Skandapurān.a the story is told from a third-person perspective by
Sanatkumāra. The myth is accommodated to the Vindhyavāsinı̄ Cycle
through the answer it provides to Vyāsa’s question concerning what Deva
did while Pārvatı̄ was practising tapas. The two events are thus happening
simultaneously. It is worthy of note that both highlight the power of
asceticism: in Pārvatı̄’s case it eventually gives her a son; in Upamanyu’s
case it provides him with unlimited access to milk. The theme of tapas
and its extraordinary power is at the heart of the Naraka Cycle as well.
The Naraka Cycle

At the end of chapter 34 Sanatkumāra announces that Śiva, after he has
favoured Upamanyu and has been hymned by him, goes to Sukeśa. The
next chapter (SP 35) opens the Naraka Cycle, which continues up to SP
52.1–25. Although it could also be called the Sukeśa Cycle, the name used
by Yokochi in SP III, 17 we have opted here for the name Naraka Cycle to
articulate the core of this cycle: the extensive description of the thirteen
great hells (Narakas).
The overall framework of the Naraka Cycle is the story of Sukeśa (SP
14 The peak is later identified as Gaurı̄śikhara (SP 69.40).

15 The tiger is named Somanandin and becomes a Gan.eśvara of Devı̄ (SP 55.23).
16 Cf. SP III, 24.
17 SP III 4f., n. 7.
20
8
(21)
Introduction 9
35–51); it includes a description of the hells by his biological father, Suśa-

rman (SP 37–50). Added to the story of Sukeśa is a sort of appendix, in
which Sanatkumāra gives an account of those who do not go to hell (SP
52.1–25). Like that of Upamanyu, the story of Sukeśa illustrates the power
of tapas combined with Śiva devotion. The events of this story likewise
take place during the time that Pārvatı̄ is practising her own asceticism.
The story of Sukeśa is first of all concerned with the duties of a son
towards his ancestors (pitr.). It tells of a pious brahmin who finds his
ancestors clinging to a clump of grass. The episode was related earlier
by Kaśyapa to Himavat in SP 11.5–17, but it is narrated here in more
detail. The ancestors tell Sukeśa that they can only be saved from hell if
he produces offspring. Sukeśa, who has taken a vow of celibacy, promises
to save them from hell by doing tapas instead, and resorts to Śiva. In
the end Śiva appears to him and grants that he become his Gan.a Sukeśa.
His ancestors will be released due to his piety (SP 35). When he has thus
saved them and they are all sitting comfortably on Mount Trikūt.a, which
has been given to him by Śiva, a debate ensues on the inversion of roles
between fathers and sons.
The ancestors tell Sukeśa a story about the sons of Brahmā and their
sons again, a story that illustrates this inversion. Like the sons of Bra-
hmā, they too, his ancestors, have become ‘sons’ (of their own son), since
they have been saved by him. This story has a parallel in the Pitr.kalpa of
18
the Harivam . śa (HV 12.21–41). Following the narration of this intricate
story, Sukeśa asks his ancestors to tell him all about the hells from their
own experience (SP 36).
SP 37–50 contains the extensive description of the hells as told by Su-
śarman, Sukeśa’s father. There are thirteen great Narakas in total. The
first seven hells (Yamalācala, Śālmala, Kālasūtraka, Kumbhı̄pāka, Asipa-
travana, Vaitaran.ı̄, Ayoghana) are named individually, the last six are
essentially three related pairs, as their names indicate (Padma, Mahāpa-
dma, Raurava, Mahāraurava, Tamas, Tamastamatara). The number 13
is not shared by other Brahmanical or non-Brahmanical sources on hells.
Each of the hells has a series of ‘elevations’ (ucchraya), where the sinner
finds temporary relief before being tortured once more. This concept of
‘elevations’ is not known from other Brahmanical literature on hells, but
it may be related to that of the utsadas referred to in Buddhist literature
on hells. These utsadas, supplementary hells belonging to a major hell,
start to appear in Buddhist literature from around the beginning of the
18 Yokochi (SP III, 17) draws attention to other parallels within the Pitr.kalpa in her
discussion of the close relationship between the story of Sukeśa and the story of
the seven brahmins in SP 56.1–57.47.
9
21
(22)
10 Introduction
Common Era. 19 The presence of this unique concept may reflect Buddhist
influence on this part of the text.
These chapters on hells do not seem to stem from the Pāśupata envi-
ronment to which we believe the composers of the Skandapurān.a them-
selves belonged. Their origin may rather be sought in a more orthodox,
Smārta milieu. As support for this supposition we may mention in partic-
ular SP 46.10b, which lists one who is attached to the cremation ground
among those who go to the Raurava hell. It seems hard to imagine that
an author with a Pāśupata affiliation would have written this, in particu-
lar in the light of the positive references to cremation ground asceticism
in other parts of the text. 20 In general it is non-orthodox behaviour and
knowledge that is condemned in these chapters, while there is compara-
tively little that reflects distinct Śaiva values. Why, one might be tempted
to ask, does one not go to hell for acts like desecrating a liṅga or the like?
The style of the Sanskrit text is also markedly different, with its lack of
the Skandapurān.a’s characteristic humour and spirit. 21
Following a general introduction on the hells and their workings, Su-
śarman describes the individual hells chapter by chapter, beginning with
the Yamalācala Naraka and ending with the Tamastamatara. SP 50 de-
scribes the series of rebirths of those who are finally released from hell.
There is much of interest to the historian of religion in these chapters on
hells. We have pointed out some parallels in the notes to the synopsis, in
particular in the Śivadharma corpus, but a more comprehensive study of
the literature on Narakas than we can do in the present context will no
doubt be rewarding, also with respect to the influence of Buddhist sources
on the Brahmanical literature on hells.
SP 51 finds Sukeśa in a sad state after he has heard this account. He
wants to find a way of saving all beings who live in hell and goes to the
ocean to practise tapas. Śiva appears and grants Sukeśa that all those
sinners are saved. The chapter ends with a moralistic message about the
merit of saving people from pain and sharing merit with other people for
the sake of happiness. It may again reflect some Buddhist influence.
SP 52.1–25 continues the theme of hell, telling of men who do not
go there, even though they are engaged in evil. While, as noted above,
the extensive description of the hells by Suśarman expresses markedly
orthodox, Smārta ideals, with this section we are back again in the distinct
Śaiva milieu of the text. Thus, an exception is made for the devotees of
Śiva, those who mutter ‘Rudra,’ those who worship the liṅga, and so on.
19 Van Put 2007, 205. See Synopsis, n. 280 on p. 81.

20 See Synopsis, n. 343 on p. 95.
21 There are also elements that we do not find in other parts of the text, a notewor-
thy case being the reference to Buddhists, Jainas and Ājı̄vakas in SP 45.11 (see
Synopsis, n. 334 on p. 93).
10
22
(23)
Introduction 11
The transition from this last part of the Naraka Cycle to the following
story of Kās.t.hakūt.a is somewhat abrupt. In fact that story would have
its more natural place immediately after SP 51. As such, SP 52.1–25
makes a secondary impression. 22
The story of Kās..thakūt.a and Śiva’s return to Mandara

The Naraka Cycle is followed by the moving story of a brahmin boy called
Kās.t.hakūt.a and his parents (SP 52.26–131). Born thanks to the tapas and
dedication of his father Bhūmanyu, Kās.t.hakūt.a tries, when his parents
die, to bring them back to life. Śiva appears and explains to him that
this is impossible, since the cremation has already taken place. The story
is somewhat forcefully connected to the immediately preceding Naraka
Cycle, by having Śiva tell Kās.t.hakūt.a that his parents are in hell (SP
52.112). 23 Kās.t.hakūt.a offers his body and then Śiva makes him and his
parents immortal Gan.apas, living in a heavenly residence (Mount Śve-
ta) of their own. The chapter centres again on the theme of the son’s
devotion to his parents/ancestors (pitr.) and gives a prominent place to
tapas. Kās.t.hakūt.a refers twice to the doctrine of the rebirth of the self
(ātman) of the father in the son (SP 52.115, SP 52.118), a doctrine which
is also central to Sukeśa’s discussion with his ancestors in SP 36.18, thus
linking the Kās.t.hakūt.a story to the concerns of the preceding Naraka
Cycle and providing unity to these chapters. The style of this episode
is literary and contrasts markedly with the rather dull description of the
hells, which reaches rock bottom in SP 50. The dialogue between the aged
parents and their dutiful son is true to life and moving.
At the end of the chapter, Śiva returns to Mount Mandara (SP 52.127).
All the events narrated are said to have taken place in the time that De-
vı̄ was practising tapas (SP 52.128). This remark concludes the Naraka
Cycle and takes us back to the cycle of Vindhyavāsinı̄, which is resumed
in SP 53 and forms the subject of SP III. The theme of Pārvatı̄’s ta-
pas thus serves as a narrative device to introduce three additional stories
about Śiva’s devotees and their asceticism. The outcome of their tapas
is remarkably similar. Both Sukeśa and Kās.t.hakūt.a acquire the status of
Gan.eśvaras and are provided with a magical mountain that can move at
will (kāmaga). Their family members join them on this abode: Sukeśa
acquires the Trikūt.a mountain for himself and his ancestors, Kās.t.hakūt.a
is joined by his parents on the heavenly Śveta mountain. Upamanyu’s end
result is also comparable. He receives a continent (dvı̄pa) for himself and
22 Yokochi (SP III, 17f.) emphasizes the supplementary nature of the passage and its
close relationship with SP 56–57.
23 It is not immediately obvious what the two have done wrong to deserve such a
fate, but see Synopsis, n. 395 on p. 110.
23
11
(24)
12 Introduction
his family, which is surrounded by an ocean of milk (Ks.ı̄roda) and can

move at will. 24
Metrics
In the section below some of the rarer metres encountered in the text
being studied here will be discussed. Typically these occur at the end of
individual chapters, the only exception being the Dan.d.aka metre, which
appears in the middle of SP 32.
The Dan.d.aka metre

The Dan.d.aka metre is a sort of rhythmic prose. It usually consists of four
pādas of equal length. The Skandapurān.a text as it has come down to
us has five such pādas of unequal length in SP 32.113–117. Whether this
is original or not cannot be determined. The metre lends itself easily to
expansion, since the lengths of the pādas are not fixed. The fifth pāda
(SP 32.117) is of a different nature, however; in it the Goddess is asked
to be benevolent, whereas in the first four pādas her powers are extolled.
We may therefore consider SP 32.113–116 as one verse proper, a stotra
in Dan.d.aka metre; SP 32.117 is a loose pāda in the same metre, which
concludes the hymn.
The prosody is as follows: The first six syllables are laghu (two na
gan.as): ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ . The third gan.a is repeated till the end of the pāda.
In SP 32.113–117 this is a ra gan.a: ˘ .
Metres of the Vaitālı̄ya group

The metres of Sanskrit literature are classified into three main divisions:
(1) the Aks.aracchandas (vr.tta), (2) the Mātrāchandas, and (3) the Gan.a-
cchandas (e.g. Āryā). The Vaitālı̄ya group is one of the representatives of
the Mātrāchandas, which consists of an opening of the jāti type (6 mātrās
for the odd pādas and 8 mātrās for the even pādas) and a cadence of the
vr.tta type. The Vaitālı̄ya and Aupacchandasaka (or Aupacchandasika) of
this group are popular in Sanskrit and Prakrit literature. Some metres
that originated from this group, but have shifted completely to the Aks.ara-
cchandas by fixing the order of light and heavy syllables in the opening, are
also well known in classical Sanskrit literature, for example, Aparavaktra
24 Earlier Śiva had granted a Ks.ı̄roda dvı̄pa to Nandin (SP 22.7). Prabhākara also
gets a moveable dvı̄pa of his own, called Manoraman.a (SP 33.100–101), while Ha-
ribhadra gets the Ghr.toda dvı̄pa (SP 32.193).
12
24
(25)
Introduction 13
and Viyoginı̄ from the Vaitālı̄ya, and Pus.pitāgrā and Mālabhārin.ı̄ from
the Aupacchandasaka. In this volume of the Skandapurān.a, however, not
only these common metres but also rare variations of this group appear.
The Vaitālı̄ya group is classified into three according to the three vari-
ations in its cadence: (1) Vaitālı̄ya proper ( ˘ ˘ ˘ ), (2) Aupacchanda-
saka ( ˘ ˘ ˘ ), and (3) Āpātalikā ( ˘ ˘ ˘ ). These three variations
are further classified according to the four species of their opening: (1)
default, (2) Udı̄cyavr.tti, (3) Prācyavr.tti, and (4) Pravr.ttaka. The default
opening of six or eight mātrās consists of the combination of either ˘˘ or
( ˘˘ ˘˘ ˘˘ for the odd pādas and ˘˘ ˘˘ ˘˘ ˘˘ for the even pādas), except
for a prohibition on a series of more than six light syllables in the even
pādas. Udı̄cyavr.tti has syncopation (˘ ˘) in the first four mātrās of the
odd pādas (˘ ˘ ˘˘). Prācyavr.tti has syncopation in the third to the sixth
mātrās of the even pādas ( ˘˘ ˘ ˘ ˘˘). The other parts both follow the
default. Pravr.ttaka is a combination of these two, having an Udı̄cyavr.tti
opening in the odd pādas and a Prācyavr.tti opening in the even pādas.
Consequently, there are twelve variations of the Vaitālı̄ya group—three
species in cadence and four species in opening. The authors of the tra-
ditional metrics, Piṅgala, Jayadeva, Jayakı̄rti, Kedāra (Kedārabhat.t.a or
Bhat.t.a Kedāra) and Hemacandra, agree in principle up to this point. 25
There are two more variations of the Vaitālı̄ya group, but the opinions
of the authors of metrics differ regarding these variations. When the open-
ing has six mātrās in all four pādas it is called Cāruhāsinı̄. This has three
species according to cadence: Vaitālı̄ya Cāruhāsinı̄, Aupacchandasaka
Cāruhāsinı̄, and Āpātalikā Cāruhāsinı̄. Regarding the Cāruhāsinı̄ open-
ing, Piṅgala, Jayadeva, Kedāra and Jayakı̄rti allow only the rhythm of
Udı̄cyavr.tti, but Hemacandra admits a default opening ( ˘˘ ˘˘ ˘˘) too.
Jayakı̄rti gives a different name to the latter variety, adding sama- to the
names that accord to the relevant cadences: Samavaitālı̄ya, Samaupa-
cchandasaka, and Samāpātalikā. For example, for the four authors men-
tioned above, excluding Hemacandra, Vaitālı̄ya Cāruhāsinı̄ represents a
metre of Udı̄cyavr.tti in opening position and Vaitālı̄ya in cadence in each
25 Piṅgala’s Chandah.śāstra 4.32–39; Jayadeva’s Jayadevachandas 4.15–20; Jayakı̄rti’s

Chandonuśāsana 6.1–4, 11–13 (Pravr.ttaka is called Pravartaka), Chandonuśāsana
6.16–18, 21–23; Kedāra’s Vr.ttaratnākara 2.12–14, 16–18; Hemacandra’s Chando-
nuśāsana 3.53–58. The authors are mentioned here in their chronological order,
according to Velankar (see Introduction of Velankar 1949). Kedāra (Vr.ttaratnākara
2.15) and Hemacandra (Chandonuśāsana 3.61) mention another variation called
Daks.in.āntikā for the opening, which has syncopation in the first to the fourth
mātrās in all four pādas (˘ ˘ ˘˘ for the odd pādas and ˘ ˘ ˘˘ ˘˘ for even pādas).
Hemacandra (Chandonuśāsana 3.62–64) and Jayakı̄rti (Chandonuśāsana 6.26) re-
fer to another variety called Māgadhı̄ (and two species deriving from it called
Paścimāntikā and Upahāsinı̄ by Hemacandra) in the description of the Vaitālı̄ya
group.
13
25
(26)
14 Introduction
pāda (˘ ˘ ˘˘, ˘ ˘ ˘ ). For Hemacandra, the same name represents

a metre of default opening and Vaitālı̄ya cadence ( ˘˘ ˘˘ ˘˘, ˘ ˘ ˘ );
the metre of Udı̄cyavr.tti opening is called Vaitālı̄ya Udı̄cyavr.tti Cāru-
hāsinı̄. 26 When the opening has eight mātrās in all four pādas, it is called
Aparāntikā. There are three species according to cadence: Vaitālı̄ya Apa-
rāntikā, Aupacchandasaka Aparāntikā, and Āpātalikā Aparāntikā. In this
case too, the four authors, except for Hemacandra, allow only the rhythm
of Prācyavr.tti in the opening, but Hemacandra admits the default opening
( ˘˘ ˘˘ ˘˘ ˘˘). Jayakı̄rti names the species of the default opening by adding
vis.ama- to their usual names: Vis.amavaitālı̄ya, Vis.amaupacchandasaka,
and Vis.amāpātalikā. 27
In this volume of the Skandapurān.a, the last, śrutiphala verses of chap-
ters 34, 36–48 and 52 are composed in the metres of the Vaitālı̄ya group,
including the Cāruhāsinı̄, Aparāntikā, and other exceptional variations.
In the list below Hemacandra’s nomenclature is used, because it is the
most systematic.
SP 34.122: Aupacchandasaka Aparāntikā
SP 36.62: Mālabhārin.ı̄ (Aupacchandasaka)
SP 37.59: Aupacchandasaka Cāruhāsinı̄ 28
SP 38.21: Mālabhārin.ı̄ (Aupacchandasaka) in odd pādas and Viyoginı̄
(Vaitālı̄ya) in even pādas.
SP 39.10: Aupacchandasaka Cāruhāsinı̄
SP 40.10: Mālabhārin.ı̄ (Aupacchandasaka) in pādas acd, but pāda b has
only six mātrās in the opening, namely Cāruhāsinı̄. 29
SP 42.17: Viyoginı̄ (Vaitālı̄ya)
SP 43.12: Mālabhārin.ı̄ (Aupacchandasaka) in even pādas; in odd pādas,
the cadence has seven syllables ( ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ) and the opening is of odd
pādas of Mālabhārinı̄.
26 Piṅgala’s Chandah.śāstra 4.40; Jayadeva’s Jayadevachandas 4.22; Jayakı̄rti’s

Chandonuśāsana 6.5, 7, 9, 15, 20, 25; Kedāra’s Vr.ttaratnākara 2.20; Hemacandra’s
Chandonuśāsana 3.60.
27 Piṅgala’s Chandah.śāstra 4.41; Jayadeva’s Jayadevachandas 4.21; Jayakı̄rti’s
Chandonuśāsana 6.6, 8, 10, 14, 19, 24; Kedāra’s Vr.ttaratnākara 2.19; Hema-
candra’s Chandonuśāsana 3.59. We would like to express our gratitude to Dr
Junko Goto-Sakamoto, who kindly helped us to clarify this complicated subject.
Cf. Sakamoto 1978.
28 Bhat.t.arāı̄ revises the verse into that of the common Mālabhārin.ı̄ metre.
29 The variant reading of pāda d in S1 is composed in Cāruhāsinı̄, so that the metre
is Aupacchandasaka Cāruhāsinı̄ in S1.
26
14
(27)
Introduction 15

The list indicates the diversity of metres of the Vaitālı̄ya group used in
the Skandapurān.a, which includes metres that are not recorded in tradi-
tional metrics (e.g. 43.12). The discussion above, as well as this list, may
give the impression that the redactors manipulated complicated metres
here. However, if we look at the pāda rather than the verse, the actual
usage of metres in the listed verses is in fact quite simple. The opening has
only two variations: ˘˘ ˘˘ for six mātrās or ˘˘ ˘˘ for eight mātras.
Furthermore, there are only three variations in the cadence: Vaitālı̄ya ca-
dence ( ˘ ˘ ˘ ), Aupacchandasaka ( ˘ ˘ ˘ ), and an extension of
Aupacchandasaka with the addition of one more aks.ara ( ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ).
Each pāda consists of one of the two variations of the opening and one of
the three in the cadence. Finally, the fact that the rhythm of the opening
is fixed, both for six mātrās and eight mātras, suggests that the Vaitālı̄ya
group of the Skandapurān.a has already shifted from the Mātrāchandas to
the Aks.aracchandas. In this respect these metres are closer to the metrics
of classical Sanskrit than that of Middle Indo-Aryan (Prakrit).
The verses also display stylistic similarity in the repetition of a word
inside a verse: manyum in 34.122, yogam in 36.62, vegam/yogam in 37.59,
sūtram in 39.10, sadmam/padmam in 44.11, rauravam in 46.11 and 47.16,
and tamomayam in 48.11. 30 Because of this repetition the precise mean-
ing of the verses is sometimes obscure. Together with the usage of rare
varieties of the Vaitālı̄ya group, this stylistic similarity suggests that all or
most of these śrutiphala verses were composed by one and the same au-
thor. At first sight this does not seem to sit well with the idea discussed
above that the hell chapters stem from a different source, because the list
above includes also verses outside the hell chapters: 34.122, 36.62, and
possibly 52.131. 31 It is conceivable, however, that the śrutiphala verses
of the hell chapters were added during the final redaction, even though
this does not yet explain why the verses of peculiar style and metrics are
clustered in this part. 32 Further research on the metrics of the early Pu-
ranic literature, including the Skandapurān.a, would be required to draw
30 S1 has the repetition of pākam at the end of all four pādas in 40.10. We have
considered it to be a secondary modification attempting to imitate the style found
in 39.10.
31 Concerning 52.131, Viyoginı̄ is one of the common classical metres and the verse
does not share the stylistic feature mentioned above, so that the use of Viyoginı̄,
a species of the Vaitālı̄ya group, would be merely coincidental.
32 An unusual metre is also used in the śrutiphala verse of the story of seven brah-
mins (SP 57.107). This story found in SP 56 and 57 is likely to have originally
supplemented the hell chapters (SP III, 15–22) and may have been redacted by
the same hand.
15
27
(28)
16 Introduction
any substantial conclusion. 33
Edition
The aims and methods of the critical edition of the Skandapurān.a have
been set out in SP I and SP II A. Since these have not changed, the readers
should refer to the prolegomena and introduction of those volumes for
reference. 34 Considerable progress, however, has been made in the overall
understanding of the relationship and transmission of the manuscripts of
the three recensions of the text: the ‘Nepalese’ (S) recension, the Revā-
khan.d.a (R) recension, and the Ambikākhan.d.a (A) recension. This topic
has been discussed most extensively by Yokochi in the introduction to SP
III. 35 It is worth summarizing the main conclusions here because they also
have a bearing on some of the editorial decisions in the present volume.
The transmission of the S recension

The S recension is the oldest recension and is represented by four Nepalese
palm-leaf manuscripts. 36 Two of them (S3 and S4) actually belong to a sin-
gle codex, but they are distinguished because they have been separated in
time and are now preserved in different libraries. The oldest manuscripts
of the S recension are S1 and S2. They are roughly contemporaneous. S1 is
the only manuscript of the S recension that bears a date (the 12th tithi of
the bright half of the month of Caitra in the year 234), which, assuming
that the era is that of Mānadeva (= Am . śuvarman), corresponds to 10
37
March 810/811 AD. The codex of S3 and S4 is later than S1 and S2, but
probably not later than 1000 AD.
It had already been observed by the editors of SP I that S1 frequently
has readings different from S2 and S3/S4. In such cases S2 and S3/S4 tend
33 There is an obvious tendency in the manuscript transmission for a verse of rare

metre to be revised to a common metre. For the metrics of early Puranic literature,
research based on old manuscripts would therefore be indispensible, and future
research may show that the metres dealt with here are not so peculiar as they
appear at present. The Jaina Puranic literature, for example, even in the works
composed in Sanskrit, often uses metres that are not found in classical Sanskrit
literature. There may have been some influence from such literature. For a survey
of metres in Puranic literature, see Hohenberger 1956.
34 See in particular SP I, 38–54, and SP II A, 9–14.
35 See SP III, 33–66.
36 For the description of the manuscripts, see SP I, Prolegemona, 31–34, 36; cf. also
SP III, 51 Fig. 2.
37 See SP III, 3 n. 1, for details about the precise dating.
16
28
(29)
Introduction 17
to receive support from the R and A recensions. In a number of cases these

readings of S1 are clearly secondary, but Yokochi has also shown that ‘there
are several instances in which S1 alone retains an earlier text or traces of
one when all the other manuscripts roughly share a secondary reading’
(SP III, 48). To complicate matters, there are also occasionally cases in
which S1 agrees with R, while S2S3/S4 agrees with A, and vice versa. All
of this has important implications for the transmission of the text, for
it indicates ‘that the divergence of the S recension into the two versions,
one descending to S1 and the other to S2S3/S4, took place in North India
rather than Nepal’ (SP III, 49). We should be wary, therefore, of refering
to the S recension as the ‘Nepalese’ recension, as has been done in SP I
and SP II A. Another outcome of Yokochi’s research is that it has clearly
shown that the readings of S1 have to be assessed on a case by case basis,
since ‘S1 sometimes retains an older reading on its own and sometimes has
an unique corruption and/or reformulation along with unique accretion’
(SP III, 50). Finally, these observations have implications for the dating
of the composition and transmission of the text. For quick reference, we
reproduce here the schematical presentation of this historical process as
conceived in SP III, 57f.: 38
550–650 The first redaction of the Skandapurān.a
600–700 Origin of the hyparchetype of the S recension; bifurcation of this

recension into two versions and transmission of version α to Nepal
600–810/11 Evolution of version α in Nepal
810/11 Copying of S1 from version α
600–850 Evolution of version β in North India
700–850 Transmission of version β to Nepal
800–850 Copying of S2 from version β
900–1000 Copying of S3/S4 from version β
A few examples from the present volume may illustrate the unique position
of S1 in the textual transmission and our editorial policy towards it. In
those cases where S1 has a unique variant, we have often, but not always,
given preference to the readings shared by most of the other manuscripts, if
we can assume that S1 is being sloppy or inventive. An example of such in-
ventiveness is SP 31.35ab (na tādr.k sarvvalokes.u raman.ı̄yam bhavet kvacit
38 Bakker 2014 integrates this chronological framework into the history of early-
medieval North India.
17
29
(30)
18 Introduction
for na tādr.k brahman.o ’py asti kim utānyasya kasyacit). The reading of
S1 makes a secondary impression and it is in fact conceivable that the
exemplar of S1 was damaged at this point, because two verses further on
(SP 31.37) S1 also shows secondary readings. SP 34.88b is an example
where S1 introduces a common formulaic expression (yadi deyo varaś ca
nah. for a vocative sadāsuragan.ārcita). SP 35.8a (sarvve tavāsma pitarā
for tava smah. pitarah. sarve) and SP 35.52d (dagdhā tasya te for tasya te
dagdhāh.) are examples of loose variation, a common feature of the scribe
of S1.
However, these are not rules one can follow blindly, as is shown by the
examples of SP 32.79a, SP 38.15c and SP 49.9cd, where it seems likely to
us that S1 transmits an original reading against the evidence of all other
manuscripts. In the first example (SP 32.79a: ks.utpipāsāvinirmuktā), S1
transmits a more idiomatic compound ending, where all the other manu-
scripts add a seemingly secondary particle hi. In the second example (SP
. ), S1 alone retains the double sandhi and shows
38.15c: yotsr.jate śukram
the present form of the verb as opposed to the optative, in line with other,
closely related passages. In the third example (SP 49.9cd: sa yāti narakam
.
ghoram . dustaram . tam. tamomayam), S1 alone has a singular accusative,
which is expected from the context, as opposed to the plural accusative
found in all the other manuscripts, which may have resulted from a mis-
understanding of the passage. 39 As these examples show, each case has
to be considered on its own merits and there is no mechanical rule which
can justify the choice.
In total there are ten instances in this volume where S1 alone adds
material. 40 In SP 35.25, S1 inserts 2 pādas that make the story run more
smoothly, but they may have been added precisely for this reason and we
consider them secondary. In SP 35.29, S1 inserts 2 pādas that contain two
more adjectives referring to the nominative subject. They are bland in
form and partly repetitive. In SP 37.16, S1 inserts 2 pādas that make a
secondary impression. After SP 46.9, S1 adds 2 pādas mentioning more
sinners who go to the Raurava hell. After SP 46.15, S1 adds 2 pādas
summing up that all people mentioned go to the Raurava hell. In SP
48.10, S1 adds 2 pādas in which it is mentioned, inter alia, that one who
reviles a brahmin goes to the Tamas hell. After SP 50.39, S1 adds 10 pādas
that mention the rebirth of people who are hostile towards brahmanical
values. After SP 52.6, S1 adds 4 pādas in which the one who sustains a
poor, but pious, brahmin is praised. Two verses later, however, we have
39 This verse is the conclusion of a description of the last of the thirteen hells, called
Tamastamatara. This may have caused the misunderstanding that it was the
conclusion of all thirteen hells and therefore required the plural narakān.
40 S2 and S3/S4 do not have such unique interpolations.
18
30
(31)
Introduction 19
excised 2 pādas found in all manuscripts except S1 on the assumption that

they may have originated as a marginal gloss. 41 After SP 52.13, S1 adds
4 pādas in praise of brahmins. The last mentioned interpolations are in
line with a general tendency of S1 to include extra material that praises
liberality to brahmins or related topics. 42 In SP 52.26, finally, S1 inserts
2, partly lost pādas that introduce Deva as the subject of the verse.
A more complex case is the addition of two pādas added in the margin
by a later scribe in S1 after SP 32.48. Intriguingly, these two pādas are
shared with R, A3 and A5. They seem to have been added to what we
assume to be an early interpolation in the text and may point to the
influence of the R and A recensions on a later scribe in Nepal (see Synopsis,
n. 104 on p. 44).
Three passages in this volume merit particular attention in view of
our understanding of the early transmission of the text. In SP 32.77 we
have assumed that part of the text has been transposed, presumably at a
very early stage, since the transposition is shared by all the manuscripts.
The order of the verses looks disturbed in this part of the text. We have
read the verse after SP 32.76, instead of after SP 32.85, where it is found
in all manuscripts. Another critical case is the end of SP 32, which as
it stands is incomplete in all manuscripts. A substantial portion of the
text may be missing, as a parallel story in the Mahābhārata about the
goddess Mr.tyu being charged by Brahmā with the office of death shows.
The loss of text in an early stage of transmission of the text probably
led to the corruption of SP 32.199cd. 43 Another case of possible loss of a
portion of text, though less obvious, is the conclusion of the story about
Śiva acquiring the Bull for his vehicle in SP 33. Śiva creates a Gan.eśa
called Prabhākara and commands him to contain the impetuousity of the
Bull (SP 33.114). The transition to the next part, where all the gods enter
the body of the Bull, is unclear since there is no mention of Prabhākara
actually following up Śiva’s command. Bearing in mind the above scheme
of the composition and transmission of the text, the transposition and loss
of the three mentioned passages must have taken place by 600–700, since
all three recensions transmit the same form of the text.
Manuscripts of the R and A recensions

The R and A recensions represent a later phase in the transmission of the
text. The Revākhan.d.a (R) recension is the oldest of the two and is repre-
sented by a single manuscript copied in 1682 AD. This paper manuscript
is written in an early form of Bengali script, which can be difficult to read.

42 Cf. SP II A: 202, 210 (commentary ad SP 27.42, SP 28.60).
19
31
(32)
20 Introduction
For the Ambikākhan.d.a (A) recension we currently have access to seven

paper manuscripts. 44 As has been shown by Yokochi in the introduction
to SP III, 58–62, the manuscripts of the A recension all derive from one
hyparchetype and can be divided into three subgroups:
Group 1: A7
Group 2: A4, A5 (apograph of A4)
Group 3: A3, A2, A6, A1 (apograph of A2)
One manuscript has been used for each of these groups: A7 for the first, A5
for the second, and A3 for the third. Of these manuscripts, A7 is the most
significant. It is the oldest of the A manuscripts, written in a form of old
Bengali script somewhat similar to R, and often can be found to transmit
a more original reading, where all the other A manuscripts are corrupt. 45
Although A5 is in all probability an apograph of A4, A5 has been used
here as a representative of the second group because we have no access
to the relevant folios of A4 for the text edited in the present volume.
A3, the representative of the third group, is occasionally substituted by
A2, when A3 omits text that is available in the other two manuscripts
of this subgroup. The siglum A in the apparatus refers to the three
representatives of the subgroups of A manuscripts.
The R and A recensions are closely related and ultimately derive from
one proto-recension. Sometime before 1100 AD a major revision of the
Skandapurān.a must have taken place leading to the production of this
proto-recension. We refer to this as the RA recension. Skandapurān.a
quotations by Dharmanibandha authors from the 12th century attest to
the existence of versions of the text related to this recension. 46 There are
good reasons to assume that the revision took place somewhere in North-
East India, also in the light of the fact that the surviving manuscripts of
the RA recension stem from the North-East. Yokochi gives the following
sketch of this redaction: ‘At the time of the major revision, the group of
redactors probably consulted not one manuscript but several manuscripts
they were able to collect. Then readings from different versions would
have been mixed up in the newly revised text, and some of them may
have found their way into the hyparchetype of the R and A recensions.’
(SP III, 53). The revision is particularly striking after chapter 162, where
it is doubtful whether we can still speak about the same text because
the text of the RA recension departs radically from that transmitted by
the S recension. 47 For the present volume the situation is different, and
44 For the description of the manuscripts R and A1–A4, see SP I, Prolegomena, 34–38;
for A5–A7, see SP IIA, Prolegomena, 10–12.
45 See also Bisschop 2006, 53f. n. 151 and SP III, 62f.
46 Cf. Bisschop 2002.
47 See Bisschop 2006, which contains two separate editions of chapter 167: one based
20
32
(33)
Introduction 21
overall the three recensions transmit one and the same text. 48 There are,
however, some short interpolations, the longest one being the three verses
(12 pādas in R, 10 in A) inserted before SP 37.4. 49 The A recension is
particularly prone to (accidental) loss of text.
Presentation of the critical apparatus

The presentation of the critical apparatus follows the model of SP I and
SP II A. 50 We have, however, adhered to Yokochi’s extended list of ortho-
graphical variants not reported in the apparatus. 51 This saves considerable
space in the apparatus and makes the identification of substantial variants
easier for the reader.
Grammatical anomalies
The present volume does not contain a detailed philological and historical
commentary along the lines of SP II A. Individual passages, however, are
discussed in the footnotes to the synopsis. As in the text of the previous
volumes there are a number of cases of Epic or Puranic Sanskrit in the text
edited here as well. Below are some examples of grammatical anomalies in
the text. The list is by no means meant to be comprehensive and should
be compared with the features of the text already noted in SP I: 27–29,
SP III: 67–73, and the individual cases discussed in the commentaries in
SP II A and Bisschop 2006.
1 taddhita formation without vr.ddhi of the first syllable.

This formation has been noted in SP III: 67f., and it occurs in
the present volume too. Examples include jambūnadamayam for
jāmbūnadamayam 31.34b, parameśvarāt for pārameśvarāt 31.94b,
ghan..tikas for ghān..tikas 38.17c, and kapilas for kāpilas 48.10a.
on the S recension (191 verses in a single chapter), and one based on the RA
recension (411 verses divided over five sub-chapters).
48 The same applies mutatis mutandis to SP II A and SP III, but SP I contains a
number of additional episodes, for which see the Appendix to SP I.
49 See Synopsis, n. 278 on p. 80. Other interpolations in the RA recension: after
31.28d (4 pādas); after 31.36d (8 pādas); before 32.11a (2 pādas, only in A); after
32.30d (2 pādas); after 32.48d (2 pādas, shared with S1 in margin in later hand!);
after 32.86d (2 pādas, only in A); after 33.99d (4 pādas, only in R); after 34.12f (4
pādas); after 34.21b (4 pādas, only in R); after 34.45d (2 pādas); after 34.64d (4
pādas, only in R); before 35.23a (4 pādas); before 52.54e (2 pādas, only in R); after
52.63d (2 pādas). It is noteworthy that nothing has been added in the descriptions
of the Narakas (SP 37–50). Many of these interpolations, including those added
in S1 discussed above, are included in the editio princeps of Bhat.t.arāı̄, resulting in
a conflated text.
50 See SP I, Prolegomena, 46–54, for a description of the principal conventions.
51 See SP III, 73–76.
33
21
(34)
22 Introduction
2 neuter for masculine accusative: tat 31.72d and anyat 31.104c refer-
ring to varam; mahat for mahāntam 32.174a; idam for imam 35.27a
(the opposite also happens: imam for idam 33.130a).
3 nominative for accusative: gāvas for gās 33.34c; pitaras for pir̄.n
36.10c, 36.46c; āpas for apas 42.14a.
4 feminine as-stem treated as ā-stem: mahāyaśe for mahāyaśas
32.181b.
5 pronominal ye with feminine plural 36.12c.
6 stem enasa for enas 38.20b.
7 i- for in-stem: sukr.ti 38.21b; dus.kr.ti 40.3a.
8 compound stem pitri for pitr. 52.113c.
9 Double and irregular sandhi.
Double sandhi is very common in the text. Some cases of irregular
sandhi are svake ’srame for svake+āśrame 31.98b (cf. GES 1.2.6),
śreya avāpsyatha for śreyas+avāpsyatha (cf. GES 1.2.2) 36.33b and
yo apatyam . for yas+apatyam . (cf. GES 1.1.5.2) 47.12ab. Absence of
sandhi also occurs, e.g. dadarśa r..si◦ 34.18c (cf. GES 1.1.2.3).
10 Irregular verbal forms and flexions.
– second person for third person: arhasi with bhavat 31.72d, 33.45d;
icchasi with bhavat 36.55d (cf. GES 10.2.3c).
– third person for second person: syāt with tvam 36.7d (cf. GES
10.2.3b).
– third person for first person: āpur with vayam 36.5d (cf. GES
10.2.3a).
– singular aorist with plural subject: avamam
. sthās 36.10b, 51.9d (cf.
GES 10.2.2d).
– parasmaipada for ātmanepada: rematur for remāte 34.3c, lambāmas
for lambāmahe 35.8c; vartati for vartamāne 35.19b; manyantu for
manyantām 36.20a; mriyet for mriyeta 47.8f; manyadhvam for
manyadhve 51.20a; adhı̄yan for adhı̄yāna 53.130a.
– passive with parasmaipada ending: pı̄yati for pı̄yamāne 33.39a;
chidyanti for chidyante 39.8c; dahyantas for dahyamānās 42.7c (cf.
GES 8.7).
– secondary ending for primary ending: sva 32.166b; prapaśyāma
36.6c; kathayis.yāma 36.56b; tapyāma 51.14d.
– first class for ninth class: vikrı̄n.ati for vikrı̄n.āti 41.11d.
– first class for seventh class: abhyayuñjata for abhyayuṅkta 31.38d.
34
22
(35)
Introduction 23
– irregular periphrastic future: bhavitr. 31.106c, 33.25b; bhavitā with

tvam 34.15c.
– augmentless imperfect: vahat for avahat 32.2d; sam . mohayat for
samamohayat 32.44d; utthāpayat for udasthāpayat 32.178d; dadat
for adadat 33.100b (cf. GES 6.4.1).
√
– r. with full grade present: archasi 31.39b and archati 51.8a (cf.
GES 7.6.1).
√
– irregular optative atisam
. dhayet of dhā 43.10b.
– irregular causative dhāmya- for dhmāpya-: dhāmyamānās 44.2f and
dhāmyante 45.3d.
– absolutive sāntvya for sāntvayitvā 31.97a; adhı̄tvā for adhı̄tya 52.97c.
– pus.pante for pus.pyante 34.33c.
23
35
(36)
36
24
(37)
Synopsis
25
37
(38)
26
38
(39)
Structure of the Contents of Chapters 31 to 52
1 SP 31.1–14: Conclusion of the Māhātmya of Vārān.ası̄ (end of the

Vārān.ası̄ Cycle).
2 SP 31.15–35: Intermezzo: From Vārān.ası̄ Śiva goes on his Bull to

the tapas-practising Mandara. He grants Mt Mandara to be the
locus of Śiva’s residence Vr.s.an.
3 SP 31.36–33.136: The Vāhana Cycle.
3.1 SP 31.36–32.199: The abrogation of Śiva’s vehicle Yajña (Sac-

rifice).
∗ SP 31.36–47: The question arises why, after having first
made sacrifice (Yajña) in the form of a cloud his vehicle,
he has exchanged him for Vr.s.abha, the Bull.
∗ SP 31.48–115: Myth of Dadhı̄ca and Ks.upa.
· SP 31.48–97: The rivalry of Dadhı̄ca and Ks.upa.
· SP 31.98–102: Victory boon given by Śiva to Dadhı̄ca:
He (i.e. Śiva) will triumph over all the gods. (kāran.a
of the destruction of Daks.a’s sacrifice yajña).
· SP 31.103–115: Māhātmya of Sthāneśvara (Thanesar),
the place founded by Dadhı̄ca (where his fight took
place).
∗ SP 32.1–200: Daks.ayajñapramathana (Daks.a’s sacrifice
destroyed).
· SP 32.1–45: Creation of Haribhadra and Bhadrakālı̄.
The battle.
· SP 32.46–48: Sacrifice (Yajña) is decapitated.
· SP 32.49–133: Śiva’s epiphany. Hymn to the Goddess.
· SP 32.134–200: Māhātmyas of Bhadreśvara (where the
epiphany took place), and Kanakhala (where Daks.a’s
sacrifice took place).
3.2 SP 33.1–134: The Bull becomes Śiva’s vāhana.
27

39
(40)
28 Structure of the Contents
∗ SP 33.1–28: Śiva grants Dharma and Yajña that they will

become (components of) his (new) carrier. The Māhātmya
of Madhyama.
∗ SP 33.29–134: Vr.s.abha.
· SP 33.29–36: The birth of Vr.s.abha.
· SP 33.37–70: Vr.s.abha’s fight with the Sam . vartaka
Fire.
· SP 33.71–101: Rudra captures the Sam . vartaka Fire
and sets him free again.
· SP 33.101–134: The empowerment of Vr.s.abha as
vāhana through Prabhākara. Yajña and Dharma,
along with other cosmic divinities, take up residence
in the Bull.
4 SP 34.1–61: Introduction of the Vindhyavāsinı̄ Cycle.

After being called ‘dark lady’ Devı̄ resorts to the Golden Peak (Gau-
rı̄śikhara) in the Himālaya to practise tapas in order to obtain a fair
complexion. A tiger (Somanandin) makes his appearance and stands
transfixed.
The cycle is continued in SP 53–69.
5 SP 34.62–122: The myth of Upamanyu and his appetite for milk

porridge.
– SP 34.62–72: Upamanyu practises tapas in order to obtain real

milk, which his mother cannot offer him.
– SP 34.73–105: Śiva appears in various forms.
∗ SP 34.73–84: Śiva appears as Indra and is dismissed.
∗ SP 34.85–92: Śiva appears as Rudra and tells Upamanyu
that his wish is unrealistic, but the latter perseveres.
∗ SP 34.93–105: Śiva appears as Brahmā, but to no avail.
– SP 34.106–122: Śiva appears in his own form and grants Upa-
manyu his wish. He gives him a continent in the ocean of milk
(Ks.ı̄roda).
6 SP 35.1–52.25: The Naraka Cycle.
6.1 SP 35.1–51.43: The story of Sukeśa.

∗ SP 35.1–36.62: Sukeśa and his ancestors.
· SP 35.1–24: A brahmin (Sukeśa) finds his ancestors
clinging to a clump of grass. He practises tapas to save
them from falling into hell.
28
40
(41)
Structure of the Contents 29
· SP 35.25–37: Śiva accepts this brahmin as his Gan.apa

Sukeśa, gives him the mountain Trikūt.a, and promises
him that his ancestors will be saved from hell, thanks
to his conduct as a ‘good son’ (suputra).
· SP 35.38–42: Sukeśa, once settled on Mt Trikūt.a, asks
his ancestors about the hells (which will be answered
in SP 37-49).
· SP 36.1–26: The inversion of roles. The pitr.s acknowl-
edge that they are ‘sons’ of Sukeśa, because he has
taught them how their rescue was accomplished by
themselves, through the medium of him as their ‘good
son.’
– SP 36.27–49: To illustrate this role-inversion, the

pitr.s tell the story of the sons of Brahmā, who are
instructed by their own sons about the penances
that they have to do.
· SP 36.50–62: The fathers venerate their son Sukeśa as
their (spiritual) ‘father’ and ask him how they, as his
‘sons’ can serve him. Sukeśa asks them to inform him
about the hells.
∗ SP 37–50: Suśarman describes the Narakas.
· SP 37.1–38: Suśarman, Sukeśa’s biological father, be-
gins with an outline of the thirteen hells and adjoining
‘elevations’ (ucchraya). Brief description of how these
hells work and how one comes there.
· SP 37.39–49.9: Description of the individual hells:
1 SP 37.39–59: The Yamalācala hell.

2 SP 38.1–21: The Kūt.aśālmali hell.
3 SP 39.1–10: The Kālasūtraka hell.
4 SP 40.1–10: The Kumbhı̄pāka hell.
5 SP 41.1–19: The Asipatravana hell.
6 SP 42.1–17: The hell of the Vaitaran.ı̄ River.
7 SP 43.1–12: The Ayoghana hell.
8 SP 44.1–11: The Padma hell.
9 SP 45.1–15: The Mahāpadma hell.
10 SP 46.1–11: The Raurava hell.
11 SP 47.1–16: The Mahāraurava hell.
12 SP 48.1–11: The Tamas hell.
13 SP 49.1–9: The Tamastamatara hell.
· SP 49.10–28: Listing of those evil people who have to
29
41
(42)
30 Structure of the Contents
go through all the hells, in particular the ‘ungrateful

ones’ (kr.taghna).
· SP 50.1–43: Suśarman concludes by describing the se-
ries of rebirths after having been released from the
hells.
∗ SP 51.1–43: Sukeśa goes to the ocean to practise tapas. Śi-
va grants his wish that all inhabitants of hell will be saved.
6.2 SP 52.1–25: Sanatkumāra specifies which men and women will
not go to hell. Final blessing of Sukeśa.
7 SP 52.26–131: The story of Kās.t.hakūt.a.
7.1 SP 52.26–70: The story of the birth of Kās.t.hakūt.a and the

dialogue between him and his parents Bhūmanyu and Yaśā.
∗ SP 52.26–49: Bhūmanyu’s vain attempts to produce a son.
Śiva intervenes and promises him a son.
∗ SP 52.50–70: Kās.t.hakūt.a is born and obtains permission
from his parents to study abroad.
7.2 SP 52.71–131: Kās.t.hakūt.a’s attempt to restore his parents to
life and Śiva’s intervention.
∗ SP 52.71–95: Bhūmanyu dies. Moving dialogue between
Kās.t.hakūt.a and Yaśā, who dies of grief.
∗ SP 52.96–107: Kās.t.hakūt.a attempts to restore his parents
to life through tapas.
∗ SP 52.108–131: Śiva tells Kās.t.hakūt.a that the soul cannot
be restored to a body that has been cremated. He grants
Kās.t.hakūt.a to become his Gan.apa, and gives him Mount
Śveta to live together with his parents.
30
42
(43)
31
Deva and Devı̄ go to the tapas-practising Yaks.a Harikeśa. He is made the Ks.etrapāla of
Vārān.ası̄. Deva and Devı̄ go to the Mandara mountain and offer a boon. The mountain
palace named Vr.s.an will be their residence.
Begin of the Vāhana Cycle. In the beginning Sacrifice (Yajña) was Śiva’s vāhana
in the form of a cloud. The Daks.a myth, in which Yajña (sacrifice) will be decapitated,
is announced in order to explain the change of vāhana. This myth is initiated by the
story of the fight/rivalry between Dadhı̄ca and Ks.upa. Dadhı̄ca’s victory proves the
superiority of Śiva over Vis.n.u and of brahman over ks.atra. The place (sthāna) where the
fight took place is Sthāneśvara, near the Sthān.utı̄rtha and the Sthān.uvat.a. Māhātmya
of Sthāneśvara (Thanesar). ( p. 117)
1 Sanatkumāra tells. Deva invites Devı̄ to go to reward the Yaks.a (i.e. Hari-
keśa) for his devotion. 52 They go to the emaciated Yaks.a, 53 and give him
divine sight. The Yaks.a sees Deva in the company of his Gan.as, riding
His bull. Devadeva gives him strength, the ability to see past, present and
future, and physical similarity (to Śiva). 54
7 Having received (that) boon, the Yaks.a, his body (restored and) un-
harmed, bows to His feet, making an añjali. Then he begins to speak.
He wishes that his devotion to Him may be unswerving, that he may be
a giver of food to the people, that he may be a Gan.apati for ever, and
52 SP 31.1–14 corresponds to verses in MtP 180.80–99. These verses conclude the

myth of the Yaks.a Piṅgala, who, under the name of Harikeśa, through his devo-
tion and asceticism (told in Chapter 5 of SP Vol II A), wins Śiva’s favour and is
rewarded with the office of Ks.etrapāla, Protector of the holy field of Avimukta.
The Māhātmya emphasizes that this Yaks.a is worshipped by all, because he be-
stows boons and food on the people, both of which may be authentic features of the
original Yaks.a cult. With the appointment of the Ks.etrapāla and his installation
in Avimukta, the Vārān.ası̄ Cycle comes to a close.
53 Hereafter (SP 31.3d) the Matsyapurān.a inserts 5 verses (MtP 180.83–87), which the
editors of the Ānandāśrama report to be absent in two of the MSS they consulted,
in which Devı̄ sees the extremely emaciated condition of the Yaks.a and expresses
her surprise that one has to resort to such severe tapas in a holy field like this.
Deva should quickly grant the Yaks.a a boon. After this MtP 180.88 repeats MtP
180.82 (=SP 31.3); this highly suspicious repetition is, according to the apparatus,
absent in the two MSS which lack the insertion.
54 SP 31.6d reoccurs as SP 34.86b (where Śiva is addressing Upamanyu).
31
31
43
(44)
32 Synopsis
that he may reside in His abode in Avimukta, so that he may always see
(Him). 55
10 Devadeva grants that he will be a Gan.ādhyaks.a, free from old age, death
and sorrow, who will be worshipped by all and bestow food on the peo-
ple. 56 Possessed of the mastership that ensues from yoga, he will be un-
conquerable, and he shall be the Guardian-of-the-field (Ks.etrapāla). He
shall be very strong and dear to Him, three-eyed and having a stick in his
hand (Dan.d.apān.i). 57 Two Gan.as, Udbhrama and Sam . bhrama, will be his
servants; they will agitate and confuse people at his command. After he
has thus made that Yaks.a a Gan.eśvara, Deveśa returns to His residence
together with him (i.e. Harikeśa). 58
15 Thereupon, Devadeva addresses Devı̄ for the sake of bestowing a boon on
the Mandara mountain, who is practising tapas. 59 Due to this tapas of
five-thousand divine years, this most excellent mountain, together with his
wife, son, and friends, has become submitted to Him (prasanna). 60 Devı̄
wants to come with Him, but Deva laughs and asks her how she could go
without leaving Avimukta.
21 Devı̄ responds that she will live in Avimukta and at the same time leave
for Mount Mandara, so that Avimukta indeed will not be left (avimukta).
55 The Yaks.a probably obtains his place, i.e. his shrine, in or at the gate of the
compound of Avimukteśvara, being its guard. This also seems implied in SP
31.14cd.
56 The verses SP 31.10–13 correspond with MtP 180.95–98, which are again quoted
by Laks.mı̄dhara (TVK 110f.) directly after a quote from the RA recension of SP
dealing with the Cremation Ground (SPRA 167.4.5–7 = TVK 110).
57 dan.d.apān.i is a qualification of Harikeśa (Piṅgala) after his installation as
Ks.etrapāla (cf. SPS 167.142c, 144a). The Kāśı̄khan.d.a makes Dan.d.apān.i the name
of the Ks.etrapāla (SkP Kāśı̄khan.d.a 1.32.152). The translators of this Khan.d.a give
the following note (Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology Vol. 58, p. 336): ‘Today,
the small shrine of Dan.d.apān.i is in the Viśvanātha lane to the west of Jñānavāpı̄
Mosque. His Dan.d.a (club) is a pillar-fragment from the Mahāsmaśāna pillar at
Lāt.abhairava in a small shrine near Kālabhairava.’ For a more elaborate treatment
of Dan.d.apān.i see Sherring 1868, 61–65, Eck 1982, 198–201, Gutschow 2006, 401.
58 The return of Śiva to his own residence (dhāman), taking the newly appointed
Ks.etrapāla with him, marks the end of the Vārān.ası̄māhātmya in the original
Skandapurān.a. However, the SP deals with Avimukta and its Ks.etrapāla again in
its description of a series of Śaiva āyatanas in SP 167 (Bisschop 2006).
59 The question is what the object is of dr..s.tvā in SP 31.15a. On the face of it this is
devı̄m. , but the accusative can be construed with abravı̄t in SP 31.15d. As discussed
in the Introduction (p. 3 f.), this may point to a rearrangement of the text in which
the original object of dr..s.tvā was Mount Mandara. Part of this new arrangement
may have been the idea, that the period of Mandara’s tapas (five thousand divine
years) corresponds to the period covered by the events told in the Vārān.ası̄māhā-
tmya, that is to the period that Śiva was away from Mandara. His absence initiated
Mandara’s asceticism.
60 See below n. 167 on p. 55.
32
44
(45)
Skandapurān.a 31 33
Deva agrees, because, due to their sovereignty, they are both omnipresent.
Thereupon Hara mounts His bull, which is also omnipresent, and leaves for
Mandara together with Umā, Nandin, and His Gan.as. When Bhuvaneśā-
na sees Mandara practising tapas, he allows him to ask for whatever boon
he likes.
26 Thus addressed by Śarva, the mountain sees the Lord-of-the-Universe (Tri-
bhuvaneśvara) riding on his bull (Vr.s.avāhana) and makes an obeisance
to Him, and he also bows to Umā, Nandin and the Gan.as, looking at
them again and again. When Hara sees his bewilderment, He once more
pleases him by allowing to make a wish. Mandara wishes that Devadeva
together with Umā and the Gan.as may live on the mountain and that it
may be hallowed by the touch of His and (their) feet. The boon-granting
Lord grants this wish: Nandin, Devı̄, and He Himself will live on Ma-
ndara, which will be the best of all mountains, free of old age and death,
invulnerable to the thunderbolt (vajra), enjoyed by all beings, adorned by
gold and precious stones, crowded with Apsarases and frequented by gods
and Siddhas.
34 Sanatkumāra continues by telling that He creates by His mind an
extraordinary residence on that (mountain), made of gold, which is not
even equalled by Brahmā’s (palace), on account of its brilliance, height
(vars.man) and beauty. It is called Vr.s.an (‘the Mighty’). 61
36 Vyāsa remarks that he has not yet had enough of Sanatkumāra’s telling
of Devadeva’s exploits. Earlier Rudra’s favourite vehicle used to be the
Cloud; how could He abandon it and set His mind on the Bull (Vr.s.abha)?
Sanatkumāra explains. A long time ago (the) Veda was born, the first
wonderful son of Brahmā. As a second (son) Sacrifice (Yajña) was born
and he (i.e. Brahmā) put him to the world. He was charged by Brahmā
himself to make the world thrive, since he wished his progeny to increase,
but it did not increase at all. 62
61 The mythological mountain Mandara, which is used as a dasher in the churning of

the Milk Ocean (MBh 1.16), is named as the residence of Śiva (Śam . karasthāna)
for the first time in MBh 7.69.55-6, in which context Maheśvara is called ‘the
source of tapas,’ ‘destroyer of Daks.a’s sacrifice,’ ‘wielder of the Pināka bow,’ ‘lord
of all beings,’ ‘the one who gouges out Bhaga’s eyes,’ qualifications which are all
very familiar to the Skandapurān.a. However, the name of the palace Vr.s.an is
not known from other sources. Indra is called Vr.s.an in PPL 199 vs. 57 (= Bd.P
2.3.5.68). The palace (rudragr.ha) of Śiva on Mandara is again described in SP
54.1–7, but not given a specific name. SP 54.19 suggests that Mt Mandara is
thought to be beyond the Jambūdvı̄pa and the Śākadvı̄pa (cf. SP 62.73–74 for the
seven continents (dvı̄pas)).
62 Cf. SP 4.1. A dispute between Yajña and Veda about primogeniture is related in
SP 5.27–36. Yajña’s false claim to being the first-born is the cause of his eventual
beheading (SP 5.64).
33
45
(46)
34 Synopsis
40 When the imperishable Yajña sees that he himself is not powerful enough
yet, he begins practising tapas. Deva is satisfied with Yajña and grants
him a boon. Yajña solicits the Boon-giver for a boon, 63 saying: ‘Lord, I
have been charged by Svayambhū (i.e. Brahmā) to make people prosper,
but I lack the strength for that. You should give it to me.’ Deva answers:
‘Be a cloud and you will succeed; you shall make people thrive by means
of the ambrosial waters of it.’ 64 Yajña answers: ‘If I will be a cloud to
make people prosper, then I may carry you on my back, as an abode of
lightning (i.e. a monsoon cloud): I carry you in my quality of sacrifice,
and likewise I may carry (you) in my quality of rain cloud.’
46 Sanatkumāra continues. The Lord grants this wish and embodies Yajña
in a cloud, in such a way that it becomes (His) vehicle. But when, at the
occassion of Daks.a’s sacrificing, the head of Yajña is cut offby an arrow,
then He removes that headless Yajña from the office of being vehicle. 65
48 Vyāsa asks how it came about that the Lord struck the holy sacrifice of
Daks.a and what caused the Almighty one (prabhu) to destroy it. Sanat-
kumāra says that earlier the curse has been told; 66 (to hear) the cause, 67
he should listen to this ancient story. 68 A long time ago, a very strong,
broad-breasted man with the shine of gold was emitted from the mouth
of Brahmā when he was sneezing (ks.uvat). 69 This man was armed with
63 We assume that the S recension lost some text here in an early stage of its trans-
mission, in which the idea of a cloud, being the means through which Yajña may
make mankind thrive, is introduced. The sacrifice (and the billowing smoke ris-
ing from it) is homologized with the life-bringing rain clouds (cf. for instance the
Pañcāgnividyā doctrine, BAU 6.2.10). In both qualities he, sacrifice, will be ben-
eficial to mankind, thanks to Śiva, which is expressed figuratively by his being
Śiva’s vehicle. Śiva/Rudra’s association with the life-bringing rain clouds is, no
doubt, borrowed from Indra/Parjanya. We give the missing text as it is preserved
in three verses in A after SP 31.39 and in R after SP 31.41. The small letter font
indicates that it is by no means certain that this is the wording that was once used
in the original redaction.
64 The homology of the waters and ambrosia (amr.ta) is found for the first time in
R. V 1.23.19.
65 See SP 32.46–48. Cf. SP 33.27, where Yajña is offered a second chance after his
decapitation.
66 The cursing of Daks.a is told in SP 10.26–28.
67 The kāran.a, immediate cause, viz. that Śiva promises to vanguish all the gods, is
given in SP 31.101–02.
68 The story of Dadhı̄ca and Ks.upa ending in the Māhātmya of Sthāneśvara is told
in SP 31.49–115. This story is also found in LiP 1.35–36 and ŚiP Rudrasam . hitā
2.38–39 (both have partly parallel passages).
69 In MBh 12.122, in the Rājadharmaparvan, it is told how Ks.upa, who issued from
Brahmā when he sneezed (ks.uvat), is a Prajāpati who first becomes a sacrificial
priest (MBh 12.122.16–17). When Brahmā performed the sacrifice with Ks.upa as
his priest, the rod (dan.d.a) disappeared and disorder resulted. Brahmā pays his
respect to Vis.n.u, but asks Mahādeva, the god who carries the lance and has matted
34
46
(47)
arrows, a quiver, and a bow, and was provided with leather chaps to
protect arm and fingers; he carried a sword and was ornamented with a
diadem, earrings and cuirass. Brahmā named him Ks.upa. Indra chooses
him to be a king on earth to protect the world. He says (to Indra): ‘If
you provide me with the vajra weapon, then I shall be king on earth,
otherwise I don’t like it.’ Indra answers: ‘The vajra shall come into your
hand when you think of it, not otherwise. Let it so be good to you; be a
king, beneficent to (your) subjects.’
55 Sanatkumāra continues. Ks.upa becomes king and Dadhı̄ca, son of Cya-
vana, becomes his friend. 70 He (Ks.upa) comes to see him (Dadhı̄ca) and,
hair (śūlajat.ādhara), to solve the chaos. The latter issues forth the rod (dan.d.a)
of the Dharma and from that he creates Sarasvatı̄, i.e. Dan.d.anı̄ti, ‘the policy of
power’ (MBh 12.122.24–25). Then Mahādeva places one leader at the head of each
separate group, and so he appoints Ks.upa as the lord of the subjects, the foremost
of all supporters of the Dharma (MBh 12.122.35). He bestows the rod (dan.d.a)
of the Dharma on Ks.upa through Vis.n.u, Aṅgiras, Indra, Marı̄ci, Bhr.gu, the R . s.is,
and the Lokapālas. King Ks.upa passes it on to Manu.
Thus we find elements of the Skandapurān.a story in this chapter of the Mahā-
bhārata, the nirukti: Ks.upa’s being born from Brahmā when he sneezes (ks.uvat),
and his association with the dan.d.a (ks.upa means ‘brushwood’) and kingship. On
the other hand, when Ks.upa acts as a priest, the world falls into disorder and it
needs the Dan.d.a and Sarasvatı̄, creations of Śiva, to repair it, a process in which
Vis.n.u is relegated to a subordinate role. The thematic seeds of the rivalry between
Śiva and Vis.n.u, the incompatibility of priestly and regal power, the supremacy of
either principle—a contest that, as we will see, takes place on the banks of the
Sarasvatı̄—are, it would seem, all latently present in the Mahābhārata story.
70 As far as is known, the Skandapurān.a is the first text in which Ks.upa and Dadhı̄ca
are united in one myth. It combines elements of older lore regarding both figures,
and it combines them with the theme of the ks.atriya–brāhman.a dispute about
priority, which is enacted by the seers Vasis.t.ha and Viśvāmitra (also on the banks
of the Sarasvatı̄) in earlier literature (see e.g. R
. V 3.53.21–24 (see annotation Geld-
ner ad loc.), MBh 1.164–65). The myth in the Skandapurān.a transforms these
elements into a myth in which the superiority of Śiva over Vis.n.u is proven.
The story of the sage Dadhı̄ca is told in MBh 3.98–99. Dadhı̄ca is prepared to die
in order to allow the gods to take his bones. The quality of his bones is such that
Indra’s vajra can be made of them (MBh 3.98.20–24). In MBh 9.50.30 it is said
that other divine weapons, such as the cakra and gadā, are also made of them.
Thanks to the thunderbolt Indra is able to kill Vr.tra.
MBh 9.50.5–33 tells us that Dadhı̄ca practised tapas in his hermitage at the Saras-
vatı̄ and spills his seed in that river at the sight of the Apsaras Alambusā, from
which his son Sārasvata is born. Dadhı̄ca himself is here said to have been born
of Bhr.gu, and Indra is said to be always intimidated by his extraordinary body
(atikāya) (MBh 9.50.31–32). In some accounts of the Daks.a myth Dadhı̄ca warns
Daks.a not to exclude Śiva from the sacrifice (see below n. 99 on p. 43).
The first attestation of the Dadhı̄ca/Dadhı̄ci/Dadhyac (‘he who is turned towards
milk’) myth is found in R . V 1.84.13–15 (see also Geldner’s annotation at these
verses). R . V 6.16.114 calls the seer Dadhyac the son of Atharvan. Our text seems to
be among the earliest in which Dadhı̄ca is said to be the son of Cyavana (cyāvani).
MBh 1.8.1 mentions Pramati and PPL 549 vs. 95 names Sudāsa and PPL 550
35
47
(48)
36 Synopsis
once comfortably installed, he loves to entertain by telling stories. And

then they become excited over birth (jāti), arguing: ‘ks.atra is supreme,
no! brahman is supreme, no!’ 71 Ks.upa defends ks.atra, Dadhı̄ca brahman,
and both give their reasons, neither gives in. 72 Then, caused by his hot
temperament, the excess of his tapas, his brahmin superiority, and by fate,
the infuriated Dadhı̄ca slaps (Ks.upa) on the head with his left hand; and
he hits back with the vajra. Split into two by the vajra, the imperishable
(Dadhı̄ca) invokes Śakra. The latter says: ‘Your yoga is great, you can
pull yourself together.’ 73 Hearing this, Dadhı̄ca reassembles his own body
through the magic of his yoga and takes refuge with Śarva.
63 After he (Dadhı̄ca) has worshipped Sureśvara and obtained from Him in-
vulnerability, bones hard like a diamond (vajra), 74 indestructibility, free-
dom of old age, 75 and after he has become endeared to everyone and a
great yogin, he goes to see Ks.upa again and they become friends again.
The same excitement over birth arises again. He (Dadhı̄ca) kicks Ks.upa
with his left foot and then the latter, having taken the vajra, strikes him
(Dadhı̄ca) again. That vajra causes neither injury nor pain to him.
66 After Ks.upa has discovered the invulnerability of that great man, he ap-
proaches Nārāyan.a and worships him to obtain a boon. And impelled by
Vis.n.u, who is ready to grant him a boon, he bows and speaks to Vis.n.u
the following.
68 There is an invulnerable brahmin seer named Dadhı̄ca. He is my friend,
O Hr.śı̄keśa, and he always tells me this: ‘I am not afraid of the power
of a god, Rāks.asa etc., or human being.’ You should make him say ‘I
am afraid.’ Thus addressed by the king, Vis.n.u goes to the hermitage of
Dadhı̄ca. Dadhı̄ca receives him properly and he (Vis.n.u) addresses him
respectfully: ‘O lord, best of the brahmins, whose majesty equals that of
v. 105 names Kr.ta(yajña) as sons of Cyavana, but not Dadhı̄ca. Bān.a’s Hars.acarita
p. 41, however, agrees with the Skandapurān.a in this respect: śrūyatām – ayam .
khalu bhūs.an.am
. bhārgavavam
. śasya bhagavato bhūrbhuvah.svastritayatilakasya, ada-
bhraprabhāvastambhitajambhāribhujastambhasya, surāsuramukut.aman.iśilāśayana-
durlalitapādapaṅkeruhasya, nijatejah.prasaraplus..tapulomnaś cyavanasya bahirvr.tti
jı̄vitam
. dadhı̄co nāma tanayah. (cf. MBh 3.124.17 where Cyavana is also said to
immobilize the arm of Indra). For Bān.a’s dealings with Dadhı̄ca and his family
tree see Bakker 2007b, 8f.; Bakker 2014, 77–80, 156–59.
71 In SP 31.58b we interpret veti as vai iti (double sandhi).
72 The tension between both principles which govern Indian law and policy has been
analysed, inter alios, by Lingat 1967, 240–47.
73 In LiP 1.35.13–14 and ŚiP Rudrasam . hitā 2.38.18–19, it is Śukra (Bhārgava), not
Śakra (Indra), whom Dadhı̄ca invokes to restore his body (S1pc reads śukra instead
of śakra). Then, Śukra puts the split halves of his body together and recommends
him to propitiate Śiva.
74 See above n. 70 on p. 35.
75 Cf. LiP 1.35.27–28.
36
48
(49)
Pitāmaha, grant me the boon that I solicit from you. Pleased by Ks.upa,
I allowed him to make a wish. He wished that you may say “I am afraid.”
You (Dadhı̄ca) should say it, to do me a favour. 76 No doubt a brahmin
has no fear of anyone, and you are invulnerable and possess the strength
of great yoga, yet, although you are fearless, now you should say it for my
sake, O mighty one.’
75 Thus addressed gently by Vis.n.u, Dadhı̄ca says to Janārdana again and
again: ‘I am not afraid. I will not, I did not, and I do not say “I am
afraid”.’ Cakrapān.i (Vis.n.u) becomes enraged and, threatening him with
his raised cakra, says to the son of Cyavana: ‘Those who are (actually)
stronger, but speak to weak people lovingly, as if they were not their
master, they are bound to be treated exactly like this (viz. in the way
Dadhı̄ca has treated Vis.n.u). If you will not say “I am afraid,” this cakra
will cut offyour head and drop it on the earth.’ Dadhı̄ca retorts: ‘O Vi-
s.n.u, save yourself the bother, I am unassailable to your cakra thanks to
Tryambaka’s grace. However, out of curiosity I shall (first) seek sanctuary
with the world guardians (Lokapālas) and then, when I have experienced
77
their ineffectiveness, I shall call Śam
. kara to mind.’
81 The son of Cyavana (Dadhı̄ca) runs to Varun.a and he, asked for shelter,
promises him safety. A terrible, fearful fight ensues between Vis.n.u and
Varun.a for many years. When the latter is overpowered, the son of Cya-
vana goes to Yama; he too promises him safety, but is (finally) subdued
in battle by Vis.n.u. Thereupon he goes to Agni, but he too is vanquished
by him (Vis.n.u). Then, having taken a fistful of kuśa grass and gone to
his own hermitage, Cyavana’s son says: ‘Stop, stop! 78 Out of curiosity I
have gone for shelter to the world guardians, but they are all powerless;
a superior power lies within myself. Today I shall annul whatever pride,
arrogance and strength you have; stop now, O Janārdana!’
87 Thereupon a tumultuous, hair-raising fight ensues between Nārāyan.a and
Cyavana’s son. Whatever missiles and arrows are launched from Nārāya-
n.a’s hand, Dadhı̄ca makes all of them disappear into his fist with kuśa
grass, by means of (his) yoga. Thereupon, through the might of his yoga,
deities ready for battle spring from Vis.n.u’s limbs and they fight alongside
Vis.n.u. And he (Dadhı̄ca), being very angry, let (all of) them except Vis.n.u
76 For the SP 31.72 construction of bhavat with the second person of the finite verb
(arhasi) see Oberlies 2003, 303f. LiP 1.36.34d and ŚiP Rudrasam . hitā 2.39.3d read
arhati.
77 The four Lokapālas given, e.g. in MBh 3.52.4, are Indra, Yama, Varun.a, and Agni
(for variants see Hopkins 1915, 149–51). They are described below, minus Indra.
Indra may have been thought to have been represented by Ks.upa (SP 31.54, 61).
78 SP 31.84cd tis..tha tis..tha prefigures the nirukti given of the new place sthāna that
arises at Dadhı̄ca’s Āśrama on the Sarasvatı̄; see SP 31.105.
37
49
(50)
38 Synopsis
disappear also into his fist with kuśa grass, including their weapens and
chariots.
91 Thereupon, on account of the fact that all deities had been absorbed by
Dadhı̄ca into his fist with kuśa grass by means of his yoga and power (te-
jas), Vis.n.u is in a terrified state and perplexed, since he is overcome by
rage; at that moment Brahmā himself arrives and speaks to him, saying:
‘What use is there for you, Govinda, to exert yourself fruitlessly with (this)
good brahmin; after all, Dadhı̄ca has received a boon from Śarva. Don’t
you know that, thanks to Parameśvara’s grace, he has obtained from the
Lord Himself invulnerability, the state of being a good yogin, mastery over
the (eight) qualities, 79 and bone hard like diamond (vajra)? Beings like
you, O god, do not act in a hostile way towards brahmins; therefore you
should stop immediately and you should pardon this excellent brahmin.’
96 After Vis.n.u, benefactor of the world, has heard this and, through yoga,
has realized that his strength (is limited) and that Dadhı̄ca’s (strength)
derives from Śam. kara, he pardons the brahmin and goes to his own abode.
And after conciliating and revering that seer, Brahmā too, together with
all the gods, disappears.
98 And the powerful Dadhı̄ca begins practising severe tapas in his own her-
mitage, 80 for the sake of Mahādeva’s grace. When he is shining like the
sun thanks to his tapas, the three-eyed Lord is pleased with him and says:
‘Son of Cyavana, I am pleased with you; tell me, whatever you wish I shall
do.’ Dadhı̄ca answers: ‘Lord, if you are pleased with me, make that all the
gods along with Vis.n.u are vanquished by you.’ Then the Giver-of-Boons
laughs to Dadhı̄ca, and He, Hara, the one who absolves the pain of those
who stoop before Him, tells him that it will be done. 81
103 After this boon is given by Tryambaka, the seer (i.e. Dadhı̄ca) consid-
ers the enmity with Ks.upa stopped. When Lord Govr.s.adhvaja sees him
thinking this, He grants him another boon. Dadhı̄ca wishes: ‘Because
this enmity has stopped (sthita) thanks to Your offering a boon (vara), O
Almighty One, let therefore Your place (sthāna) here (iha) be with this
(appropriate) name, O Unborn One.’ Deva speaks: ‘This excellent place
79 See ad SP 27.13d.
80 SP 31.98b svake ’śrame is irregular sandhi (m.c.) of svake āśrame (svaka āśrame);
cf. SPRA 167.3.98a, 101c. See Oberlies 2003, 27f.
In MBh 3.98.12–13, this hermitage is said to be situated on the banks of the
Sarasvatı̄. MBh 3.81.163–64 locates Dadhı̄ca’s āśrama in Kuruks.etra, where the
Sthān.uvat.a is also said to be (MBh 3.81.54). See below n. 84 on p. 39.
81 This will be implemented when Daks.a’s sacrifice is destroyed in SP 32. The reason
behind Dadhı̄ca’s grudge against the gods is not told in our text, but the composers
(and their audiences) may have thought of the dialogue betwee Dadhı̄ca and Daks.a,
in which the latter brushes aside the former’s warnings (see n. 99 on p. 43).
38
50
(51)
(sthāna), shall be called by (that) name, viz. “Sthāneśvara”; 82 it will have

a circumference of (one) krośa, 83 and be full of all sorts of flowers (pus.pa)
and creepers. The man who, after having taken a bath in the river, wor-
ships me there, while he is steeped in strict discipline and is keeping a
three-days fast, and (then) feeds a rice porridge (caru) to a brahmin, he
will reach the Rudraloka.’
109 ‘And your own (i.e. Dadhı̄ca’s) (place) Sthān.utı̄rtha shall destroy sins; one
who has bathed there obtains the rich reward of an Aśvamedha sacrifice.
And also this venerable fig tree here, on the spot where I am standing
to bestow a boon, shall be great and called Sthān.uvat.a after me. 84 Hear
from me the reward it (bestows). One who stands here a day and a night,
silently and fasting, by him a year-long Sthān.uvrata is accomplished. He
shall be my Gan.apa called Akampana (‘Unshakable’). The man who gives
up his life (here), while practising special or general discipline, his gain
82 Besides a spurious terracotta sealing reportedly found at a site called Daulatpur,

about 15 kilometres from Thanesar, reading sthān.eśvarasya (sic) in 4th–5th cen-
tury AD characters (see Bakker 2007b, 8 n. 33), this may be the first textual attes-
tation of a city called Sthāneśvara. Also in SPS 167.81: dadhı̄cena mahad divyam
pun.yam āyatanam . kr.tam | sthāneśvaram iti khyātam . lokes.u tris.u viśrutam 81 .
Compare the version in SPRA 167.4.10, 20: tapah.ks.etre kuruks.etre dharmaks.etre
sanātane | dadhı̄cena mahad divyam . pun.yam āyatanam . kr.tam | dadhı̄casyālayah.
khyātah. sarvapāpaharah. parah. 10 [. . . ] dadhı̄cena yatas tatra kr.tam āyatanam .
śubham | sthāneśvaram iti khyātam . tena lokes.u tris.v api 20 . Other early at-
testations of this name are found in the Bhāskara I (AD 629) commentary on the
Āryabhat.ı̄ya p. 95, l. 24, MtP 13.31 and LiP 1.92.136. Bān.a, and his audience, may
have been aware of this founding myth of the home town of King Hars.avardhana,
although he does not refer to it explicitly. At least, this might explain why he
gave Dadhı̄ca such a prominent role in Hars.acarita Chapter 1 and why he linked
his own descent to this sage (Bakker 2007b, 8f.; Bakker 2014, 157). Bān.a refers to
this city by the name of Sthān.vı̄śvara and observes that it is completely devoted
to Maheśvara (Hars.acarita p. 164: gr.he gr.he bhagavān apūjyata khan . d.aparaśuh.).
83 That means, according to the standard used in the SP, that the circumference is
about 3.2 km (see SP II A, 46), which seems to be realistic. The circumference of
the grounds excavated in Thanesar, known as the Hars.a kā T . ı̄lā, is about 2km, but
the entire old town site has not yet been cleared. According to Hsiuen-tsang, the
circumference of the city he visited was 20 li, c. 6 km. For an archaeological and
historical appraisal of the city of Sthāneśvara (Thanesar) see Bakker 2014, 77–80,
156–70.
84 As observed above (n. 70 on p. 35), the fight between Dadhı̄ca and Ks.upa is grafted
onto the myth of the rivalry between Vasis.t.ha and Visv́āmitra, whose āśramas are
also said to be in Sthān.utı̄rtha (MBh 9.41.4). Sthān.utı̄rtha was thought to have
been established by Lord Sthān.u and is the place credited in the Mahābhārata
with the birth of Skanda and his consecration (abhis.eka) as senāpati (MBh 9.41.3–
7). MBh 9.43.51 situates this place on the Sarasvatı̄ in Samantapañcaka (=
Kuruks.etra). See also Bisschop 2006, 197f. Today the Sthān.uvat.a is indeed an
old and big fig tree under worship, next to a temple complex considered to be
Sthān.utı̄rtha, to the west of the Hars.a kā T . ı̄lā, not far from an (old) river bed
believed to be that of the Sarasvatı̄.
39
51
(52)
40 Synopsis
of merit is great: freed from all sins, liberated from all bonds, he shall
be a Gan.eśvara, omnipresent, comparable to Nandin. One who stays for
one night in Sthāneśvara and abstains from all food, he shall be my most
fearful Gan.eśvara.’
32
King Prācetasa Daks.a is performing an Aśvamedha sacrifice. The oblations are not
brought to Śiva. When Devı̄ remarks on this, Deva and Devı̄ decide to destroy the
sacrifice. Devı̄ creates Bhadrakālı̄, Śiva creates Hari(bhadra) together with thousands
of Gan.eśas. They are sent to destroy Daks.a’s sacrifice. The Gan.apa army destroys
the sacrifice. The latter assumes the form of a deer and flees to the sky, where he is
decapitated by Haribhadra. The gods surrender and go to Śiva to ask for mercy.
Deva shows them the universe inside his own body. After the gods have transversed
the seven lokas, they are thrown into an eighth world by a Gan.apa Pañcāks.a. In this
world are seven paradisical, concentric cities. The gods pass through them and arrive at
the eighth, innermost city, which has no entrance. Pañcāks.a creates an entrance with
the lance and the gods enter. They are struck by great fear when they are met by huge
ferocious lions, the embodiments of Śiva’s anger. The epiphany ends and Pañcāks.a
shows them Śiva and Umā in their exoteric appearance. Śiva explains that he is not
angry with the gods, but that the Goddess is.
Devı̄ releases her fury in the form of Kālakarn.ı̄ and the gods dive into a heap of
ashes to seek shelter. By this act they become initiated Pāśupatas and Devı̄’s fury
subsides. The gods start praising the Goddess. Deva Nı̄lalohita puts the gods into their
natural state and restores the sacrifice to them, including a mantra to provide it with
a head. He shows that all gods emerge from his body. This happens in Bhadreśvara, of
which the Māhātmya follows. Daks.a asks Brahmā what he should do. Brahmā advises
him to turn to Śiva. Daks.a erects a liṅga in Kanakhala and worships it. Deva and Devı̄
are ready to bestow boons upon him. Daks.a praises Śiva. The tears falling from his eyes
form the Arjunā river. Nirukti and Māhātmya of Kanakhala. Śiva gives Bhadrakālı̄
to Haribhadra as his wife. Kālakarn.ı̄ is made the daughter of Brahmā on the latter’s
request. She is appointed to the office of Death (Mr.tyu). ( p. 139)
1 Sanatkumāra continues. At this time there is Daks.a Prajāpati. Being

a king, son of the (ten) Pracetases, 85 he is performing an Aśvamedha
sacrifice. 86 Impelled by mantras, Agni, carrier of the oblations, brings
the sacrificial portions to the heavenly congregations. When Devı̄ sees
him doing this, she remembers his, i.e. Daks.a’s, (earlier) hostility and the
cause of the curse, 87 and speaks to Him (i.e. Deva) coaxingly, reminding
85 See SP 10.26–28.
86 SP 32.1–22 has a parallel in SkP Āvantyakhan.d.a 2.82.7cd–27cd, partly verbatim.
87 The curse, namely, that Śiva will impose upon him a hindrance to lawfulness
(dharma), which was caused by Satı̄’s suicide, which again was provoked by Daks.a’s
40
52
(53)
(Him) of the past and the cause (of the curse). ‘You, O God, Guardian-
of-all-gods, are aim and refuge of all deities; how can the sacrifice take
place without you? Agni here, O Bhava, brings the portions to the gods,
but not to you, Maheśāna. Why is that so, O You of immense lustre?
Voluntarily, without force, this foolish, arrogant king, son of the Prace-
tases, who is remembering the old hostility, shall not offer (to You), (as
long as) he is not ordered (to do so). Now is the time that the boon given
by You to Dadhı̄ca should come into effect.’
9 Laughingly, the Lord answers Devı̄: ‘The son of Prajāpati was your father
in (your) former birth, O sweet smiling lady. You express my feeling, O De-
vı̄, (and not your own), since no-one indeed wishes (his or her own) father
to suffer, O Beauty.’ 88 Frowning her eyebrows, Devı̄ rubs her nose in anger
and, while she is doing that, there comes into being a very radiant woman,
with frowning countenance, four fangs, three eyes, provided with arm and
finger protection, wearing a belt tied to a cuirass, carrying sword, bow,
quiver, and banner, with twelve faces, ten arms, slender waist, dark lustre,
firm breasts, broad hips, thighs like an elephant’s trunk, and imperishable.
Devı̄ calls that goddess Bhadrakālı̄.
15 Thereupon she says: ‘O Lord, this (woman) was created by me; you should
create a similar Gan.a.’ Deva looks at his shoulder; from it springs into
being a divine man who looks as if he is going to destroy the universe,
wearing a cuirass etc., having three eyes and four arms, youthful and hard
like a diamond (vajra). Once born, this Gan.eśvara named Hari (= Hari-
bhadra) bows, makes an añjali and says to Devadeva and Umā: ‘Tell me
Lord-of-the-gods, what is there for me to do.’ Thereupon the Lord says
to that Gan.anāyaka Hari: ‘Go and destroy together with Bhadrakālı̄ this
sacrifice of the son of the Pracetases.’ 89
20 Then the Lord [. . . ] touches his arm; 90 and on that spot, at that very
moment are born from the mighty one very strong (Gan.eśas), a thousand-
nine-hundred-million (in number). Then the Lord says to all of them: ‘You
should destroy the sacrifice, O blameless ones!’ Sanatkumāra continues.
Thereupon these two, surrounded by this big army, get going with the
disrespectful attitude towards her and her husband. See SP 10.13–28.

88 This son of Prajāpati (Brahmā), Daks.a, is himself one of the eight Prajāpatis, and
was the father of Satı̄. Devı̄ is her incarnation. The Daks.a of the present Manu
Vaivasvata period, Prācetasa Daks.a, is, as SP 32.1 seems to indicate, regarded to
be the same Daks.a in another capacity, namely that of king (SP 10.28: ks.atriya).
Hurting him can therefore be seen as causing suffering to Devı̄’s (earlier) father.
But, as the following action proves, Devı̄ evidently ignores this. Śiva’s feeling is
also hers.
89 Cf. ŚiP Vāyavı̄yasam
. hitā 1.19.39.
90 We conjecture the loss of two pādas, viz. SP 32.20cd, which say that the touching
of the arm is done in order to provide Haribhadra with a retinue of Gan.eśas.
53
41
(54)
42 Synopsis
pandemonium of a clap of thunder amid clouds roaring like the ocean.

Deva and Pārvatı̄, after having taken position near Raibhya’s hermitage
(Raibhyāśrama), see the Gan.eśas effecting the destruction of his (i.e. Da-
ks.a’s) sacrifice. 91
24 Sanatkumāra describes. Near Gaṅgādvāra 92 and the mountain Suvarn.a-
śr.ṅga, 93 are the trees called Kanakhala. 94 In that region Daks.a’s sacrifice
took place. 95 The army of Gan.eśvaras led by Kālı̄ (= Bhadrakālı̄) arrives
and addresses the sacrificer (i.e. Daks.a), the priests (r.tvij s), the sages and
the gods.
26 ‘We are the helpers of Śarva and have come here to claim our share. 96 You
deserve a share in the sacrifice on account of (your) tapas, force, discipline,
sovereignty and yoga; we deserve a share too, since whatever is present
to you, all that is indeed also in us. If you say that the gods are lords
(svāmin), on account of which they deserve (their) share, then indeed is
force or tapas the cause of that lordship; and these two we possess (to a
91 For Raibhyāśrama, cf. MBh 3.135.9, MBh 3.137.1; Dey s.v. identifies it with
‘Kubjāmra, at a short distance to the north of Hardwar.’ Cf. KūP 2.34.34. See
further below n. 156 on p. 52.
92 This corresponds with the modern holy place of Vis.n.u’s Footprints, Hari-kı̄-paid.ı̄
in Haridvāra (Hardwar). Cf. e.g. MBh 3.88.18, MBh 12.274.20, MBh 12 App. 1
No. 28 ll. 6–9. See Bisschop 2006, 188f., Tı̄rthāṅk 62f.
93 See SP 9.23–24, where it is identified with Svarn.āks.a and connected to the Maināka
mountain (cf. also MBh 3.82.16–17ab). MBh 3.88.19–20 mentions the Puru Moun-
tain and the Bhr.gutuṅga in this context, and the LiP 1.100.6–7 the Hemaśr.ṅga.
94 SPS 167.58. See Bisschop 2006, 188ff. Cf. MBh 3.82.16, MBh 3.88.19, and MBh
13.26.12. MBh 3.135.5 refers to the Kanakhala (literally meaning: ‘little threshing
floor’ (SP 32.188; see below n. 178 on p. 57)) as the ‘seers’ favourite trees’ (nagāh.),
wrongly taken in its meaning ‘mountain’ by Van Buitenen in his translation.
95 See Bisschop 2006, 189f. Cf. e.g. ŚiP Vāyavı̄yasam . hitā 1.19.41–42ab; LiP 1.100.7;
KūP 2.36.10. The myth of Daks.a’s sacrifice is ubiquitous in Sanskrit literature.
The basic texts are MBh 12.274 and MBh 12 App. 1 No. 28. For the development
of the Daks.a myth see Mertens 1998. Klostermaier 1991, 111–14 argues that the
Daks.a myth reflects the historical occupation of the holy site of Kanakhala by the
Pāśupatas in their drive against the Vais.n.ava rivals.
96 SP 32.26–41, 46–47 ≈ ŚiP Vāyavı̄yasam . hitā 1.20.16–26, 21.19–20, 28, 33, 37 (cf.
ŚiP Rudrasam . hitā 2.32–37). Bisschop 2006, 189f. takes issue with Mertens’ (1998)
reconstruction: ‘According to her the versions in ŚiP Vāyavı̄yasam . hitā and ŚiP
Rudrasam . hitā are earlier than the one told in the LiP 1.100. [. . . ] However, a
comparison with SP 32 shows that the adoption is in fact the other way round.
The LiP version is much closer, both in wording and in contents to SP 32 than the
two versions told in the ŚiP, in which the text has been much expanded upon.’ This
correspondence refers to LiP 1.100.14–17ab (≈ SP 32.38–41). We find the same
passage in KūP 1.14.58–61 (not mentioned by Bisschop), and, different from the
LiP, the KūP has also the preceding passage in common with the Skandapurān.a,
viz. KūP 1.14.50–57 (≈ SP 32.26, 29–32, 35). On the other hand, the verses
SP 32.42, 46–47 (≈ LiP 1.100.29cd–30ab, 33cd–35ab) are not found in the KūP
version.
54
42
(55)
greater extent), so that our lordship is superior. 97 And if you act upon
the order of someone else, to the effect that the share should be given to
you and not to us, then tell us so; say who gave the order, so that we may
kill him.’
30 The gods etc. being thus addressed answer: ‘The Mantras (i.e. Vedic
Hymns) are authoritive regarding the share.’ But the Mantras speak to
the gods: ‘Your minds are clouded so you do not offer the first share to
Maheśvara, as He deserves.’ 98 When the gods persist in their refusal, the
Mantras leave for the Brahmaloka. 99 Thereupon the gods led by Indra
tell the Gan.eśvaras that they will beat them all in battle. Laughing, Hari
says: ‘Priding yourself on your might, you have not followed the authority
of the Mantras; I shall therefore destroy your pride today, by force. I
am ready to strike and shall destroy all those from whom your strength
derives, including the priests (r.tvij s), the sacrifice (Yajña) and the shares
(therein).’
37 When the mighty Haribhadra has spoken thus, he and Bhadrakālı̄ charge
at the gods. The infuriated Gan.eśvaras upset the sacrificial poles and,
seizing the horse, the Hotr. and the assistant priest (prasthātr.), 100 they
throw them all in the Gaṅgā. They chain and convey the sacrificer (i.e.
Daks.a); some discard the altar grass, others destroy the sacrificial imple-
ments, and others again set the sacrifical shed on fire. And before the
eyes of the other celestians, a radiant Haribhadra immobilizes the hand
97 It is noticeable that this argument is left out of all other versions of the Daks.a
myth (cf. especially KūP 1.14.50–51 and ŚiP Vāyavı̄yasam . hitā 1.20.16–17).
98 The fore-portion of the sacrifice (prāśitra) is due to Rudra/Paśupati according to
ŚBr 1.7.4. Rudra replaces Savitr. and Indra in this function (see Bakker 1996a,
7f.).
99 The theme of Śiva’s exclusion from the sacrifice goes back to the Vedic period and
is found in TaiSa 2.6.8.3, ŚBr 1.6.1.1–8, MBh 12.274.25–26, MBh 12.330.42 etc. (cf.
Bakker 1996a, 9). In MBh 12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 23–48 (cf. VāP 1.30.103–107, partly
in the same words) the sage Dadhı̄ci warns Daks.a and his sacrificers: tān dr..s.tvā
manyunāvis..to dadhı̄cir vākyam abravı̄t | nāyam
. yajño na vā dharmo yatra rudro na
ijyate (MBh 12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 23–24), but to no avail. Regarding this dialogue
Klostermaier 1991, 122 remarks: ‘The one element which shows most agreement
in all the puranic accounts of the Daks.a episode is the dialogue between Dadhı̄ci
and Daks.a. Identical verses are found in several accounts. It can be assumed that
it formed an original and important part of the Daks.a saga. It seems to identify
the core of the conflict.’ It is all the more surprising that this dialogue is missing
in our Skandapurān.a. Instead our text relates the victory of Dadhı̄ca over Ks.upa,
after which Śiva promises him to teach the gods a lesson (see above p. 38f.).
100 KūP 1.14.51a and LiP 1.100.14c, instead of prasthātrā, both read prastotrā, no
doubt the lectio facilior. The (well-attested) Prastotr. is the assistant of the
Udgātr. priest, who sings the Prastāva. The Prasthātr. (not in the Vedic Word-
Concordance) may be the same as the (well-attested) Pratiprasthātr., the assistant
of the Adhvaryu priest.
43
55
(56)
44 Synopsis
of Indra, who is about to strike, gouges out Bhaga’s eyes, and knocks out
Pūs.an’s teeth with the tip of his bow; and he checks the terrifying discus
of Vis.n.u, so that it rests motionless in his hand. 101 He hits the zealously
fighting Tus.ita gods with a missile and knocks them down; 102 and that
irreproachable god (Haribhadra) bewilders all the other gods who join
the fight with the bewildering power of his (mantra)-weapon. And by his
powerful weapon, he forces all the kings who had come there as spectators
to go home.
46 When Sacrifice (Yajña) sees that the pots are destroyed, the sacrificial
poles and the entrance gate are broken, and the great sacrificial shed has
been set ablaze, he flees. When he is fleeing to the sky in the form of a
deer, Hari shoots offhis head with an arrow. 103 Taking another arrow,
Vı̄rabhadra (= Haribhadra) pursues that Yajña who is fleeing in the form
of a deer. 104
49 Sanatkumāra continues. Being thus humiliated by the Gan.as, Kālı̄ and
Hari, they all surrender. Hari and Kālı̄ say to the suppliant sages and gods:
‘Go to Deveśa and propitiate Him; then you will be at peace.’ Distressed
they go to propitiate Deva. Then, not too far away, they see the Lord
together with Ambā and his Gan.as. 105 Having invited Brahmā to be their
precentor, they bow and begin praising Him with evocative voices.
54 The gods pay obeisance to Him as the one who kills the enemies of the
gods and who initiates the gods’ sacrifice; who is the great sacrifice, who
101 Cf. SP 13.33–38. For this theme see Bakker 1996a, 7ff., 16, 26.
102 Cf. SP 21.19. The group of Tus.ita gods is mentioned only once in the Mahābhārata
(MBh 13.18.50), but features more frequently in the Purān.apañcalaks.an.a (PPL
163f. etc.). MBh 12.325.4 knows Tus.ita and Mahātus.ita as names of Vis.n.u.
103 The theme of Sacrifice fleeing in the form of an antelope is already found in the
Aitareya Brāhman.a (AitBr 3.33.5). See also MBh 12.274.34-35. Cf. Bakker 1996a,
9. The beheading of Yajña is mentioned in MBh 12 App. 1 No. 28 l. 111. It is
predicted in SP 5.59, 64, where it is said that Nı̄lalohita will do this (cf. SP 31.47).
104 SP 32.48 seems to represent a (two-stage) interpolation. These four pādas plus
the two in S1 (relegated to the apparatus) are not found in any of the parallel
versions. They instead duplicate SP 32.47, using the name Vı̄rabhadra, whereas
in the rest of the SP version of this myth Śiva’s factotum is called Haribhadra or
briefly Hari (although the name Vı̄rabhadra also occurs in the hymn below: SP
32.61b). The original aim of the interpolation may have been to make a connection
with astrology. The first stage of the interpolation is very early, since the first four
pādas (SP 32.48abcd) are found in all S mss. The second stage is detectable
from a gloss by a later hand in the margin of S1, which two pādas are missing
in S2 and S3, but which are also found in the mss R, A3, A5; they make the
astrological connotation more explicit: Yajña becomes the asterism Capricorn and
Haribhadra/Vı̄rabhadra, who follows him, becomes Sagittarius. This may have
been suggested by SP 32.123.
105 This must be in Raibhyāśrama, see SP 32.23.
56
44
(57)
is lauded a hunderd(fold) (Śata) in the great sacrifices, 106 and who is the
destroyer of the sacrifice; the one who makes Vis.n.u’s head bald, 107 who
108
attacks Narasim. ha, who wears the skin of the tiger and of the black
antelope, who is the father of Nara, 109 and the begetter of Vis.n.u, 110 etc.
He should not be angry and show mercy.
64 śrutiphala
65 Deva laughs and says to the gods: ‘I am not angry with you, for if I were,
you would not live for a second.’ 111 Thereupon Deva lets all gods enter
his body through the magic of his yoga in order to make them wonder at
His power. 112
68 Once entered, the gods see an amazing universe (jagat) with seven worlds
(lokas). After they have fearfully wandered through all these lokas, they
see the Gan.apa Pañcāks.a. 113 They are thrown by him upwards, where
they enter into another world (loka). 114 There they see a city (nagara)
106 This refers to the litany of the Śatarudriya which is addressed to the hundred forms
and powers of Rudra in the YV Vājasaneyisam
. hitā (VS 16).
107 The surprising fate of Vis.n.u is actually modelled on a Vedic reference, as in the
case of Bhaga and Pūs.an, though in this case the reference is a much more dubious
one. It appears that one interpretation of the obscure Vedic epithet Śipivis.t.a—
applied to Vis.n.u in R
. V 7.99.7 and especially R. V 7.100.5–7—understands the word
as meaning ‘bald.’ There are and were certainly other interpretations as well (see
e.g. Śrı̄dhara ad Bhāgavatapurān.a (BhāgP 4.13.35); Grassmann s.v.; Geldner ad
loc.; Gonda 1969, 106); but that the interpretation taking the word to mean ‘bald’
was followed by the SP author is shown by SP 13.36.
108 SPBh 71.49–53. Cf. Granoff2004, 122ff.
109 SP 6.10–13.
110 In SP 32.129 all the gods are declared to spring from Śiva’s body, and this pre-
sumably includes Vis.n.u. The fact that Vis.n.u is singled out here may be because
of the mention of Nara just above, with whom Nārāyan.a (Vis.n.u) is inextricably
bound up. SPBh 180.33–36 conceives of Vis.n.u and Brahmā as prakr.tis issued from
Īśvara (cf. SPBh 182.2, SPBh 183.13).
111 Cf. MBh 5.15.17.
112 The following epiphany is not found in other sources. It would seem that it is a
graphic representation of the Pāśupata path towards liberation. The first stage is
the universe (jagat) of the seven lokas, which may stand for the traditional seven
bhuvanas/lokas of the Cosmic Egg. The higher, eighth loka (cf. SPBh 183.10–
11), in which the gods are brought by a Gan.apa named Pañcāks.a, contains seven
increasingly paradisiacal cities, where endless happiness reigns, equivalent to the
concept of the Śivapura.
113 This Gan.apa is well known to the Skandapurān.a, (see e.g. SP 23.59, SPBh 138.17
etc.).
114 This eighth loka may be equivalent to the Śivapura, the paradise where the laymen
Śaivas (laukikas) go, situated at the top of the Brahmān.d.a, although it should be
noted that the name Śivapura is not used in this passage. For the Skandapurān.a’s
description of the Śivapura (SPBh 183.1–40) and its parallel in the Vāyupurān.a
(VāP 2.39.209–255) see Bisschop 2007. In that description there is only one pura,
in the middle of which is a mahı̄man.d.alasam . sthāna which is encircled by a wall
45
57
(58)
46 Synopsis
that is encircled by an extremely long crystal wall, furnished with all

kinds of shining pinnacles (1). In the middle of that city they see another
city of seventy million yojanas which is encircled by a silver wall (2).
In the middle thereof is another, lofty city extending over sixty million
(yojanas), which is encircled by a golden wall (3). In the middle thereof is
again another (city) measuring fifty million (yojanas), which is encircled
by a wall of sapphire stones (4). In the middle thereof the gods see a
(city) of forty million yojanas in diameter, 115 encircled by a wall of beryl
(5). And in the middle thereof is a city of thirty million yojanas, which is
encircled by a wall made of all sorts of jewels (6). In the middle of that
(city) is another city extending over twenty million yojanas, encircled by
a wall made of rubies (7). 116
78 Within these (cities), people live who are free from all sorrow, forever
young, with spotless families. They are free of hunger, thirst and diseases,
immortal, and always cheerful. 117 (These cities), 118 are embellished with
ponds, lakes and all sorts of trees. Some trees produce food, some or-
naments, some clothes, some all kinds of flowers, fruits and substances,
some pure honey, 119 other trees give forth continuously streams of milk. 120
The ground is entirely made of jewels, its sand is of gold, 121 and there are
water springs and mountain streams. 122 Sins like anger, greed etc. do not
made of gold with four entrances (SPBh 183.20cd–22ab). Another early description
of the Śivapura is found in the Guhyasūtra of the Niśvāsatattvasam . hitā (NiTS
Guhyasūtra 7.69–80).
115 vistārāyāmatah. samam; this implies, since we are concerned with concentric cities,
that all measurements given, although expressed in various ways, refer to the
diameters of circular cities.
116 The order of the verses seems to be disturbed. The text becomes coherent if we
read SP 32.77 after SP 32.76, instead of after SP 32.85, where it is found in all
MSS.
117 Cf. SPBh 183.23, VāP 2.39.235.
118 We read with Bhat.t.arāı̄ alam . kr.tāh., and take as its subject the janapadāh. of SP
32.78a, in its meaning of ‘countries,’ here equivalent to divine cities, and we take
it as refering to all seven cities (cf. SP 32.85a: tes.u, which refers to the janapadāh.,
has the same ambiguity, as it may be taken to refer to the ‘inhabitants’ and/or the
‘cities’). The description (SP 32.80cd–84ab) runs parallel with the description of
Kuruvars.a within Jambūdvı̄pa in Kirfel 1954, second chapter of the second textual
group (WG 104–06 vss. 68a–71b, 73–74, based on VāP 1.45.12–18, Bd.P 1.15.72–78,
MtP 113.70–75). This again seems to derive from the description of Uttarakuru
in MBh 6.8.3–6. For a similar description see SP 34.32–37.
119 This honey is called amāks.ika, not coming from bees.
120 SP 32.83, cf. MBh 6.8.4: apare ks.ı̄rin.o nāma vr.ks.ās tatra narādhipa | ye ks.aranti
sadā ks.ı̄ram . hy amr.topamam . Also Bd.P 1.15.74 (= VāP 1.45.14).
. .sad.rasam
121 Compare SP 32.84ab with SP 34.37ab, SPBh 183.25, VāP 2.39.237cd–238; NiTS
Guhyasūtra 6.62ab: tes.ām . man.imayı̄ bhūmih. sūks.mā kāñcanavālukā |. Also MBh
6.8.6ab, MBh 13.8.19ab, Bd.P 1.15.75ab (= VāP 1.45.15ab).
122 SP 32.84cd cf. Bd.P 1.18.74c (= VāP 1.47.72a), Bd.P 1.19.123cd.
46
58
(59)
occur in those (cities).

86 Then, after the gods have passed all those cities, they see a great city
which resembles the doomsday fire, being encircled by fire all around; it
extends over ten million yojanas and is without gates, divine and infinite
(8). The gods are astonished and become afraid. Pañcāks.a speaks to the
trembling gods: ‘You need not to be afraid, O gods! Have a look at this
great terrifying city encircled by terrifying fire; it is the reason why you
noble ones have come here.’ 123
90 Having thus spoken, the powerful Pañcāks.a creates a gate with a fiery
lance, while the host of gods looks on. When the gods along with Pañcāks.a
have entered, they see that that great city is full of extremely vicious lions
as big as mounts Meru and Mandara. Thereupon one of those lions breaks
its chains and comes running towards them furiously, with flying manes.
Because of the lion’s roar, the gods, their faces dejected, take refuge with
Pañcāks.a.
95 Pañcāks.a tells the gods that they should not fear; he shall show them
Deva. Immediately the gods see Śarva and Umā and no longer that city,
nor the lions, nor anything else. 124 Then the trembling gods seek refuge
with the Lord. Welcoming all those celestials, who are tormented by fear,
Deveśa affords them shelter and speaks to them laughingly: ‘You have
seen my angers in the form of fearsome lions and by one of them you have
all been completely overwhelmed. If I were to release all of them in anger,
all you gods would instantly cease to exist! But Devı̄ here, the daughter
of the mountain, she is angry with you. You should placate her; I am not
angry with you.’
100 Sanatkumāra continues. After the Lord has spoken thus, an excited, red-
eyed Devı̄ releases from her mouth a terrifying goddess, possessed of fear-
some tusks, many feet, hands and fingers/toes, carrying various weapons,
capable of assuming all forms and with the brilliance of a thousand flaming
suns. Her body is said to measure tens of thousands of yojanas. The gods,
overwhelmed and about to be killed, could not stand firm, resembling a
troop of deer in front of a tiger. Thereupon the gods, being shaken by fear
of Kālakarn.ı̄, enter a heap (rāśi) of ashes (bhasman) at Deva’s side. 125
123 Although this city seems to have no name, our text refers to it repeatedly as ‘that
city,’ ‘that great city,’ ‘that terrifying great city’ (SP 32.87b, 89a, 91d, 95e).
124 Here ends the epiphany within Śiva’s body that began in SP 32.67.
125 Kālakarn.ı̄ probably means ‘the lady who wields a helm (karn
. a) of Death (kāla),
the lady pilot to Death,’ in other words, ‘the lady who leads the people to Death.’
This interpretation is more appropriate to her function as Mr.tyu in the episode
at issue than the one given in Monier-Williams’ dictionary (‘misfortune (predicted
as the consequence of having black ears),’ s.v. kālakarn.ikā and kālakarn.ı̄). VDhP
1.226.20 knows one of the mother goddesses created by Śiva to drink Andhaka’s
47
59
(60)
48 Synopsis
105 When Devı̄ sees that the gods have taken shelter in the heap of ashes
and are (consequently) smeared with ashes, she withholds (that) goddess
and says: ‘O Kālakarn.ı̄, stop! Don’t kill the gods; they have become Pā-
śupatas, since they are smeared with ashes. In the past this Pāśupata
observance has been proclaimed by Paśupati, 126 for a bath in purifying
ashes is the best of all baths. 127 Do not destroy them! Because these
gods have entered ashes, they will certainly be pardonned by the Lord.
For these souls (paśu) are now dedicated to Rudra (raudra), since they
have entered ashes, and have all become Gan.apas. 128 With their minds
fixed on Śam . kara, death will not have power over them. I myself have
earlier practised this observance, which fulfills all wishes.’ 129 Kālakarn.ı̄ of
terrifying (bhairava) form, thus addressed by Devı̄, turns away from the
gods and abandons her fury. Then, when the gods see that Kālakarn.ı̄ has
turned away and that the great danger has subsided, they begin praising
the Daughter of Himavat, saying: 130
blood as Kālakarn.ı̄. She becomes Brahmā’s daughter in SP 32.197–98 and will be

Death (Mr.tyu) personified. See also Zin 2003 for Kālakarn.ı̄ in Buddhist and Vedic
literature.
This episode is related once again in SPBh 180.1–4, although there it is said that the
gods were frightened by Vı̄rabhadra. This is a key Pāśupata myth, which illustrates
the power of the practice of bathing in ashes. It may also be an etiological myth
accounting for the practice of giving initiation names ending in rāśi, which seems to
have been adopted by one of the Pāśupata lineages, possibly the one that stemmed
from Kanyakubja (Bakker 2007b, 4ff.). We have not found this myth in other
sources.
126 Cf. MBh 12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 407–08: mayā pāśupatam . daks.a yogam utpāditam .
purā | tasya cı̄rn . asya tat samyak phalam . bhavati . kalam . According to
pus
Pāśupatasūtra (PS 4.10), Indra was the first practitioner of the observance. Cf.
Kaun.d.inya’s Pañcārthabhās.ya 1.1, Pañcārthabhās.ya 4.10 etc. SPBh 122.71–74
tells us that Vis.n.u and all the other gods were instructed in the Pāśupatavrata by
Devadeva on Mount Śailendra.
127 Cf. SPBh 122.79–80.
128 Because of entering, i.e. by the contact with ashes, they have become raudra-paśus,
that is they have been initiated in the Pāśupatavrata. See SPBh 180.2cd–4ab: yadā
bhasma pravis..tās te tejah. śām. karam uttamam 2 abhavam . s te tadā raudrāh. pa-
śavo dı̄ks.itā iva | bhasmābhāsitagātrān.ām . karavratacārin.ām 3 svam
. śam . yogam .
pradadau tes.ām . tadā deva umāpatih. |. Cf. MBh 7.173.55ab (= MBh 13.145.26cd):
rudra raudrā bhavis.yanti paśavah. sarvakarmasu |. Here this seems to mean that
within all sacrifices (including the slaying of the Asuras), the victims will become
dedicated to Rudra.
129 We have not found parallels for this extraordinary statement by Devı̄, who, as a
woman, would normally not have the adhikāra to be initiated in the Pāśupata vrata.
Our text may refer, however, to the perfection in Pāśupata yoga, which Pārvatı̄
attained on the Śrı̄parvata after great tapas (SPBh 70.51–54). This perfection
was granted by Śiva and made her omniscient (parārthajña) and equal to the
accomplished yogis (yogasiddhas) living on that mountain (SPBh 70.54).
130 The hymn that follows is in the Dan.d.aka metre, a sort of rhythmic prose. For
the metrics see the Introduction (p. 12). Because of the uniqueness of this hymn,
48
60
(61)
113 ‘I take refuge (with you), one and only Mother in heaven, (you) who are
the foremost spouse (mahis.ı̄) of Hara, Tryambaka’s beloved Ambikā, one-
syllabic sound (i.e. om?), you who bring about the dissolution of the world,
whose terrifying fangs are white like jasmin, who are victorious in battle,
difficult to behold, and whose sight is terrifying beyond imagination; (with
you,) the wide-eyed one who is dressed in silk, who carries lance, bell, flag
and banner; (with you,) lover of divine perfumes, whose hands hold the
rod of death, a sword, and a hide, whose beauty box is filled with fat,
blood, entrails and marrow; (with you,) who are the southern region,
whose turban is fixed with a golden clasp, whose eyes shine like doomsday
fire, who bursts out in loud laughter, and who acts as you like, unassailable
to the weapons of love (Anaṅga); (with you,) who are the famous River
of Śūrasenā (i.e. the Yamunā), 131 and who is always abiding on (Mount)
Mandara. 132
114 I always resort to the unique one, the one who tears the buffalo demon
(Mahis.a) asunder, 133 who rips up Dundubhi, is the foe of Sumbha and
means death to Nisumbha; 134 the one who, emitting splendour, is the
brilliance in the light of fire, sun and moon, the one without sorrows, who
takes away suffering, the killer of Death (Antaka), the one who is the
vigour of sage Jāmadagnya (i.e. Paraśurāma), 135 who reads the minds of
kings and queens, the dreadful one (Karālā), modesty (Hrı̄), justice etc.,
Kālarātrı̄, Aparn.ā, 136 who loves to dwell on the mountain, who resides in
the milky stream and ocean, beautiful tintinnabulum (Kiṅkinı̄kā), whose
hair stands erect and is dishevelled, etc., whose blush resembles a cloud
at twilight and a shining fire, the painless one (Viśalyā), who is born from
the beam issuing from Anaṅgāri’s (i.e. Śiva’s) (third) eye, 137 the illustrious
and glorious one, whose beautiful banner is adorned with feathers of the
peacock, and who is a bringer of peace.
our synoptic rendering is more detailed than usual, making omissions all the more
arbitrary. However, we have ensured that significant qualifications and what may
considered to be proper names have been included. It goes without saying that the
line between epithet and proper name is blurred, here more than anywhere else.
131 Mathurā on the Yamunā River is known after its eponymous ruler Śūrasena as
Śūrasenā (HV 44.53–60, PPL 335.862 ). Why the river goddess Yamunā is singled
out for mention here remains unclear.
132 See SP 31.32–33.
133 The Mahis.āsuramardana myth is related in SP 68.12–23.
134 SP 66 tells the story of the destruction by the Goddess (Kauśikı̄) of the army
of the Asuras (which includes Dundubhi, SP 60.83) that is led by Sumbha and
Nisumbha.
135 For the Rāma Jāmadagnya myth cycle in the Skandapurān.a see SPBh 121.23–
124.18.
136 Cf. SP 11.24–28.
137 Cf. SP 9.17–19.
49
61
(62)
50 Synopsis
115 O Devı̄, I resort to (you) who are the primordial supreme Pārvatı̄, born
from the beam (ulkā), 138 tutelary deity of all sciences and (final) goal, the
one whose bracelet consists of a hundred snakes, who is intoxicated with
the breaths-of-life of the Dānavas, whose hair and body are smeared with
ashes from the funeral pyre, who has a pendulous belly and protruding
knees, the one to whom belongs an earring, half of the hands and feet, half
of the face, and a part of the (third) eye of the one whose sacrificial cord is a
snake, 139 who is fond of dance and the frightening music of the cloud drums
and of singing, laughing, talking and rejoicing, to whom muttering (japya),
fire sacrifices, fasting, and living in permanent residences are extremely
dear, 140 whose terrifying and compliant nature and essence is understood
through yoga, who causes the loud noise of the clouds, thunderbolt and
ocean, who is the initiation of the initiates, the wife of Virūpāks.a, (you)
who reside in one half of Hara’s body.
116 O Ambā, I resort to (you), Umā, the Mother (Mātr.), who is the essence
of discipline, rules and ordinances, the beautiful daughter of the ancestors
and the king of the mountains (i.e. Himavat), 141 the destroyer of Da-
ks.a’s sacrifice, who inhabits half of Bhava’s body and who knocks out
the teeth of Āditya, 142 etc., who tears out the hair of Vis.n.u, 143 whose
superior vehicle is drawn by big lions, 144 who is not terrified by Mahā-
bhairava, 145 who is the mother of Skandacandra 146 and Hastivaktra, 147
who gives life to Viśākha, Nandin and Naigameśa, 148 and who is the fons et
origo, the Mother of the whole world; (I resort to you) Yoginı̄, 149 the object
138 SP 9.17–19.
139 A paraphrase of the Goddess as part of Śiva’s Ardhanārı̄śvara form.
140 These refer to the devotional activities of the Goddess’s votaries.
141 Devı̄/Pārvatı̄/Umā is the daughter of Himavat and Menā and granddaughter of the
ancestors. Kālidāsa’s Kumārasambhava 1.18 calls her mother, Menā, the daughter
(kanyā) of the pitr.s.
142 The reference is to the Āditya Pūs.an, whose teeth are knocked out by Śiva (SP
13.37).
143 Cf. SP 13.36, SP 32.55 and annotation ad loc.
144 Cf. SP 58.22.
145 Cf. SPRA 167.3.16–22 where the Goddess, contrary to what is said here, shrieked
loudly and covered her face on seeing Mahābhairava.
146 We take Skandacandra as an honorific name of Skanda, like Rāmacandra. Devı̄ is
not known as the mother of Candra, the moon.
147 This is the first and only reference in the S recension of our text to the elephant-
headed god as the son of the Goddess. Though Gan.eśas are ubiquitous in the
Skandapurān.a, a Gan.a named Gajanāśana features in SP 23.59, and Vināyaka
is said to have an elephant head (gajavaktra) in SPBh 148.35, the figure of the
elephant god Gan.eśa as a member of Śiva’s family only occurs in the RA recension.
The significance of this fact has been discussed by Törzsök 2004.
148 Viśākha, Śākha and Naigames.a are usually seen as the offspring of Devı̄’s son
Skanda (e.g. MBh 1.60.23). For Nandin as Devı̄’s son see SP 22.20–21.
149 SP 10.6 calls Devı̄ the supreme Yoginı̄.
50
62
(63)
of meditation of the yogins, who are inaccessible for gods and brahmins by
yoga and reasoning, the preferred dwelling place of the learned, you who
are prosperity (Laks.mı̄) and boat (to the other shore) (Tarı̄), creating the
various worlds, maker of the senses, aham . kāra and tanmātras, who are
the activity in tamas, sattva and rāga, the principle of activity, the power
(śakti) of Maheśa, 150 consciousness and object of all thought.
117 Hence, if you are well satisfied, show us happiness, (you) holy spouse
of Mahādeva, upon whom we continuously meditate; and all the harsh
things that were made by you, let them disappear for us, like snow in
the sun, O Ambā; and likewise all the evil, which in thousands of former
lives has been committed by us, which we shall commit and which we
commit now (make that disappear as well); give us material prosperity
(artha) and love (kāma), (such as) health, vigour, wealth, knowledge etc.,
concentration etc., an honourable existence and rebirth in heaven, moral
perseverance and whatever other virtues there are. May you be pleased
with us today; obeisance to you, O Devı̄.’
118 When Devı̄ is praised by the gods in this way—and because Tryambaka
is well-disposed 151—she speaks to them: ‘I am satisfied with you, calm
down; let our anger not ruin you again.’
120 Sanatkumāra continues. Thereupon Deva Nı̄lalohita laughs, places all
gods back into their natural state (prakr.ti), and says to them: ‘You should
be without frenzy; whenever you need a sacrifice (Yajña), it should be
available, complete with its head (śiras), as it is united (with its head)
by this mantra, O sons of Aditi.’ Thereupon Deva gives a hymn (stotra)
and sacred formula (mantra), pertaining to the Atharvan, that affects
the union, 152 and says: ‘Yajña should be identical with the asterism and
150 This is, as far as we have been able to check, the only occurrence in the Skanda-
purān.a in which the Goddess is called the Śakti of Śiva.
151 See SP 32.66 and SP 32.99.
152 The reference may be to the Atharvaśiras Upanis.ad. This contains a Stotra (Atha-
rvaśiras Upanis.ad 2) and Mantras, i.e. verses from the Atharvavedasam . hitā (AV
10.2.26–27 quoted in the Atharvaśiras Upanis.ad 6):
mūrdhānam asya sam . ca yat |
. sı̄vyā a tharvā hr.dayam
mastis.kād ūrdhvah. prairayat pavamāno ’dhi śı̄rs.atah. 26
tad vā atharvan . ah. śiro devakośah. samubjitah. |
. o a bhi raks.ati śiro a nnamayo manah. 27
tat prān
‘Atharvan, having sewed together his head, and also (yát) his heart—aloft from
the brain the purifying one sent [them] forth, out of the head.
Verily that head of Atharvan [is] a god-vessel, pressed together; breath defends
that, the head, food, also mind.’ (translation W.D. Whitney).
Compare also the end of the Upanis.ad: atharvaśirah. sakr.j japtvaiva śucih. sa pūtah.
karman.yo bhavati | dvitı̄yam . japtvā gan.ādhipatyam avāpnoti | tr.tı̄yam
. japtvaivam
evānupraviśati |. ‘Having recited the Atharvaśiras once, a virtuous man becomes
purified, fit for the sacrificial rites. Having recited it twice, he obtains lordship over
51
63
(64)
52 Synopsis
this Hari here, the god who pursues the deer, should also be part of it. 153
Bhadrakālı̄, Hari, and these strong Gan.as, they all shall be always gracious
(bhadra) to you, O immortals.’
125 Sanatkumāra continues. The gods, including Brahmā, being thus ad-
dressed, bow their heads and say to Śarva: ‘First of all, this foremost of
all sacrifices (i.e. the Aśvamedha) accrues to you. O Deva. O Surapati,
Śarva is worshipped in/by the Śata (i.e. Śatarudriya); in all sacrifices we
bestow all portions on you.’ 154 Being thus addressed by the gods, Sure-
śvara assumes a supreme body that encompasses all gods.
128 Then the gods see themselves within Maheśvara and they see all the great
sages too, situated within his head, arms, body, feet, flanks, hands, belly,
etc. Śam
. kara then says to the gods: ‘You all are originating from my body
and you should see your bodies as being encompassed by me.’ Thereupon
these deities, to their great amazement, see that the whole world is Rudra,
just as they themselves are. Having thus shown them his might, Deveśa
speaks to the gods: ‘You have witnessed these divine manifestations: when
someone worships an image/manifestation with devotion, then it is me, by
being present in that image/manifestation, who receives the worship, O
gods. 155 I do not need allotments, I may allot all portions to you; therefore
be quiet now.’
134 The gods say: ‘This highest mystery (guhya) is revealed to us by You, O
God. The mortal who knows it attains to imperishable worlds. This place
shall be famous as Bhadreśvara; it is the best place on earth, as it is the
most beneficial of (all holy) places. 156 It is an eternal holy field of Rudra
the Gan.as. Having recited it thrice, he enters (the state of) being so (as Him).’
153 Cf. SP 32.48 and Crit. App. See also above n. 104 on p. 44.
154 Cf. SP 32.54.
155 Cf. MBh 6.31.23–24 (= BhG 9.23-24).
156 If we follow the narrative of SP 32, this place must be the spot where Śiva and
Pārvatı̄ were hiding in order to watch the destruction of Daks.a’s sacrifice, said in
SP 32.23 to be Raibhya’s hermitage (Raibhyāśrama), near Kanakhala where the
sacrifice took place (cf. VarP 126.7, where Kubjāmraka is associated with Raibhya,
but not with Bhadreśvara; see below n. 161 on p. 54). That this hermitage is not
far (nātidūre) from Kanakhala seems also to follow from SP 32.50–52. After Śiva’s
epiphany and their journey through the cosmos, the gods return to their natural
state and see Śiva and Pārvatı̄ again, who are probably still thought to be in the
same place. This is the place where the gods are initiated as Pāśupatas by diving
into a heap of ashes (SP 32.104). It would thus follow that Raibhyāśrama and
Bhadreśvara are either identical, or that the sacred complex of the latter includes
the former. Further on in the text it is said that there is, 1) a liṅga installed
by Brahmā (SP 32.153), 2) the Bhadrakarn.ahrada (SP 32.138), 3) a holy place
called Haribhadra (SP 32.140). In its neighbourhood is 1) the holy field of Vis.n.u,
called Kubjāmraka (SP 32.148), and 2) a place called Brahmāvarta (SP 32.151).
Bhadreśvara is mentioned again in SPS 167.182 (see also Bisschop 2006, p. 221f.
ad loc.), and SP 29.83d and SPBh 183.49c. It is evident that Bhadreśvara was
52
64
(65)
(Rudraks.etra) measuring one yojana in circumference. 157 When one dies

here one shall become a Gan.apa and favourite of Yours. A man who, after
waking up in the morning, sings the praises of this (place) or recites them
to the brahmins, he will be free of all sins. And a person who, after having
bathed here in the Bhadrakarn.ahrada, 158 worships Hara, and, after having
prepared a rice porridge, feeds it to a brahmin, this person, wherever he
may die, shall rejoice amidst Apsarases in heaven. The (place) where You
stood while speaking, O God, shall be a holy place known as Haribhadra,
thanks to Your grace. 159 The merit which results from the Aśvamedha
sacrifice, that accrues to a man who worships here. Whoever gives up his
life here, he will be the very strong Gan.apa of Haribhadra.’
143 Śarva says, ‘May it be so,’ and leaves for Mount Mandara, together with
Umā and surrounded by hundreds of Gan.as. The gods and king (Daks.a),
on the other hand, stay at that place, to their pleasure. Brahmā and Vi-
s.n.u follow Deva. The Lord, after having gone a small distance with these
two, speaks not far from there [i.e. from Bhadreśvara]: ‘Stop, O mighty
Vis.n.u.’ Purus.ottama bows to the feet of Hara and stands still, holding
(a branch) of a mango tree; that (tree) becomes crooked (kubja). Because
Hari stood at that site holding a mango tree (āmra) while staring at De-
veśa, that place is known as Kubjāmraka: a wealthy ks.etra of Vis.n.u, holy,
an important Pāśupata holy place in the vicinity of Hardwar (Kanakhala) at the

time that our text was composed. It is all the more curious that this tı̄rtha has
fallen into oblivion. Laks.mı̄dhara quoting a Vāmanapurān.a (not identified), refers
to Bhadreśvara in the land of Pāñcāla and says that ‘it is protected/concealed by
Gan.as’: bhadreśvaram. gan.air guptam (TVK 267). Cf. KūP 2.39.4, MtP 22.25,32,
LiP 1.92.136. For early attestations of ‘Bhadreśvara’ in SE Asia see Bisschop 2006,
36 n. 96.
157 The Bhadreśvara complex may be identified with an excavation site in Rishikesh,
at the confluence of the Rambhā and Gaṅgā, situated 20 km north-east upstream
of the Daks.eśvara Temple, i.e. Kanakhala, in Hardwar. Excavations here revealed
an extensive site that was occupied continuously ‘from circa the second century
A.D. to circa eighth century’ (IAR 1973–74, 28). Two temples have been found,
VBA-I and VBA-II. Structure 1 belongs ‘to the early level of the middle phase,’
that is the Gupta period (4th to 5th centuries) and remained in use during the
rest of the period. In it a ‘Siva-linga resting on a bhadra-pitha,’ ‘octagonal at
the base,’ has been found (IAR 1974–75, 41). Another structure (2), ‘about 20 m
south of structure 1,’ ‘was added to Structure 1’ (IAR 1973–74, 30). For a detailed
description of this site see Bakker 2014, 176–79.
158 MBh 3.82.35 knows a Bhadrakarn.eśvara. Laks.mı̄dhara, quoting a Matsyapurān .a
(not identified), mentions a Bhadrakarn.a (TVK 241). Further see e.g. KūP
1.29.45–46, KūP 1.33.15, BrP 25.50. Bhadrakarn.a features in the pañcās..taka,
the five ogdoads of the early Āgama literature, which list Śaiva sanctuaries; see
Bisschop 2006, 32.
159 This place is not known from other sources. It may have been the name of one of
the two temples/liṅgas found at the excavation sites VBA-I or VBA-II.
53
65
(66)
54 Synopsis
measuring eight nivartanas, 160 and yielding the results of a (donation) of

a thousand cows. 161
149 Deva, having gone a little further, says to Brahmā ‘Stop’ (nivarta) and
enters into the sky. Brahmā, his hands folded and head turned upwards,
makes a circumambulation, bows and then proceeds. That land is known
as Brahmāvarta, 162 because he (i.e. Brahmā), by performing the holy act
of circumambulating Hara, has made his own body turn around (āvarta)
there. One receives the reward of an Aśvamedha by bathing there, and one
reaches the world of Brahmā by dying there, after preparing a porridge
and having fed it to a brahmin. 163
153 Thereupon Brahmā, along with Vis.n.u, goes back to Bhadreśvara and
establishes Paśupati’s glory there together with the gods. He installs a
liṅga, 164 performs a splendid pūjā, takes a bath in the Bhadrakarn.ahrada
and goes to heaven together with the gods.
155 When Brahmā is about to go, Daks.a addresses him and asks what he
should do. Pitāmaha tells him to propitiate the terrific Śarva, the one
with the great bow (Mahes.vāsa) and knotted hair (Kapardin); then he will
obtain the accomplishment of his sacrifice and reach the eternal abodes.
2
160 A nivartana is an area measure, equal to 20 dan
. d.as (rods), c. 36 m .
161 MBh 3.82.36, KūP 1.29.46, KūP 2.34.33–35, NsP 65.11 (TVK 252), ViS 85.11.
The site of Kubjāmraka can be identified with the Hr.s.ikeśa Nārāyan.a Śrı̄ Bharata
Mandir, situated 5 km to the north of VBA (Bhadreśvara), at the confluence of
the Candrabhāgā and Gaṅgā rivers in Rishikesh. For a further description see
Bakker 2014, 179–81. According to local knowledge, this site/temple is associated
with Raibhya’s hermitage. This tradition is found in the so-called Kedārakhan.d.a
(KeKh), a work ascribed to the Skandapurān.a, but which is later and more ex-
tensive than the Kedārakhan.d.a that is published by the Venkateshvara press. In
chapter 116 it relates the story of Saint Raibhya, who, on seeing Vis.n.u, became
crooked (kubja), after he had taken refuge at a mango tree (āmra). This corre-
sponds (partly verbatim) with the Māhātmya of Kubjāmraka told in VarP 126,
which is quoted by Laks.mı̄dhara (TVK 206–08). It is called Kubjāmraka because
Raibhya became crooked (kubja) on seeing Varāha (VarP 126.14). Elements of the
Skandapurān.a myth are evidently rearranged into this new Vais.n.ava myth.
162 MaS 2.17: sarasvatı̄dr..sadvatyor devanadyor yad antaram | tam . devanirmitam .
deśam
. brahmāvartam . pracaks.ate . Manu clearly defines Brahmāvarta as a re-
gion, partly or wholly coinciding with Kuruks.etra, and so the term is usually used
(cf. Kālidāsa Meghadūta 48: brahmāvartam. janapadam). SP 32.151–52, though it
specifies it as deśa, seems to describe a particular holy spot where one can take
a bath. This is in keeping with MBh 3.81.43, MBh 3.82.38; cf. MtP 22.69 (v.l.
brahmatı̄rtha), BrP 25.39.
163 There is a possibility that this holy place corresponds with the early historical
mound at Shyampur Garhi (Rishikesh), c. 6 km west of VBA (Bhadreśvara) on
the Golapani (Goila Nala), a small tributary to the Ganges. This site was first
explored in 1974-75 (IAR 1974–75, 41). For further discussion see Bakker 2014,
181–83.
164 This may refer to one of the two liṅgas found at site VBA (above n. 157 on p. 53).
54
66
(67)
Thereupon he (Daks.a) erects a liṅga in Kanakhala and begins worshipping

Rudra. 165
158 When a hundred divine years for that Prajāpati has passed, 166 on the top
of Mount (Mandara) Mahādeva says laughingly to the daughter of the
mountain (Adrijā): ‘The son of the Pracetases is steeped in asceticism;
behold, O Īśā (Devı̄), he is completely concentrated upon me!’ Then
Mahādevı̄ sees that he is living upon air, standing at the liṅga, worshipping
Maheśvara. She says to Deva, her husband, the Lord of all gods: ‘He is
mean, evil-minded and arrogant. Thank heaven that you have taught him
a lesson and that he has turned to you! Therefore you should forgive this
evil-natured person, now he has become submitted, O Maheśvara; 167 I beg
you on his behalf.’ Deva answers that Devı̄ may bestow boons on him, if
she so wishes; she has his permission; she should point out to him (that
he may sollicit for) a boon. 168
165 Thereupon the two supreme deities 169 go together and say: ‘O Daks.a, see
through a divine eye that we both are satisfied. Prācetasa, we both are
165 Cf. MBh 12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 123ff., where Daks.a begins worshipping Śiva,
praises Him by his Thousand-and-Eight Names, and finally is initiated in the
Pāśupatavrata (MBh 12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 407–09), which eventually leads him to
union (yoga) with Śiva (Bakker 2004b, 132–34). The Skandapurān.a does not ex-
plicitly say that Daks.a is initiated in this observance. The reward of his devotion
is his appointment as Śiva’s Gan.eśa (SP 32.185). The site where this all is said
to have taken place is Kanakhala (SP 32.187), but the liṅga as such does not re-
ceive a specific name in the Skandapurān.a, whereas the Mahābhārata does not
mention a liṅga in this context. However, a liṅga with the name of ‘Daks.eśvara’ is
mentioned in Saurapurān.a 7.3–5 (following the MBh story): ārādhya devadeveśam .
bahūny abdaśatāni vai | tasya prasanno bhagavān devadevah. sahomayā 3 dadau
māheśvaram . yogam . tasmai daks.āya dhı̄mate | labdhvā tam
. paramam . yogam. tasmim .l
liṅge layam. gatah. 4 tato prabhr.ti tal liṅgam . yogibhih. sevyate dvijāh. | yogam
.
. devo daks.eśvarah. śivah. 5
dadāti sarves.ām
166 For a similar construction (number of years with genitive) see e.g. MBh 3.126.25.
167 We have accepted the reading of S1: prasannasya, against S2, S3 and A, prapa-
nnasya (supported by R’s prayatnasya). A difficult choice; the word prasanna is
used in the meaning of ‘submitted’ or ‘dedicated,’ for instance at SP 29.145b (see
annotation ad loc.), SP 31.17 and SP 32.178. In Buddhist texts such as the La-
litavistara, prasāda is commonly used in the meaning of devotee’s devotion/faith
rather than the deity’s (or Buddha’s) grace. It is not unlikely that the original
meaning of pra-sad included both connotations in the religious context and the SP
still retains it, but the general tendency is to replace it by pra-pad, if it refers to
the devotee.
168 This is exactly what Devı̄ does in SP 32.169. The boons bestowed on Daks.a in SP
32.166cd–68 should be understood (on the basis of SP 32.166b) as being given by
both gods, though Śiva is the speaker (subject of dadmi in SP 32.166d). This is
appropriate because only Śiva himself can lift his own curse.
169 The dual devadeveśau should be interpreted as the dual of a Tatpurus.a (deva◦ and
◦
deveśa), rather than of a Dvandva compound of Devadeva and Īśā, although Devı̄
is addressed as Īśā in SP 32.159c.
55
67
(68)
56 Synopsis
willing to give a boon. 170 I bestow on you this boon in order that the
curse is lifted, 171 namely that you may reap the fruits of the sacrifice that
was destroyed by the Gan.as; be my Gan.eśa. You shall be eternal, without
suffering, and in my vicinity.’ Devı̄ says: ‘Make a wish, 172 what else should
Maheśvara give? For, he will bestow a boon, even if it is a difficult one,
if asked by you.’ Sanatkumāra continues. When Daks.a is thus addressed
by the daughter of Himavat, he speaks (the following hymn of praise). 173
171 The one who creates and destroys the universe, whom fools do not know
as the single and only one, the wielder of the Pināka bow who takes away
misfortune from his devotees, to that god and his spouse we resort; to the
god who was not worshipped by us out of ignorance etc. and who cursed
me; 174 to the god who made the gods, Gan.as and Rāks.asas etc.; to the god
who, out of anger, created Hari, the lord of the lions and the Gan.eśvaras,
and his wife, 175 possessed of extraordinary qualities and might; to the god
who defeated the gods, such as Varun.a, the guardian of wealth (Vittago-
pa, i.e. Kubera), Brahmā, Śatamakha (i.e. Indra), Vis.n.u, Vāyu, the sages
and (all) their weapons. May Śarva and his spouse forgive today all that
I have done wrong out of ignorance etc., on account of His generosity.
177 Sanatkumāra continues. After his hymn of praise Daks.a prostrates with
all his body, his eyes filled with tears. Thereupon Deva and Devı̄ make him
stand up. Daks.a’s tears fall to the ground, and these drops immediately
become a river. Mahādeva speaks to that beautiful river: ‘Because you
have risen from bright (arjuna) tear drops, you will be known by the name
of Arjunā and you will stream in manifold beds. 176 A man who bathes
170 We read sva in SP 32.166b instead of the more correct svas, conjectured by
Bhat.t.arāı̄. The secondary instead of the primary ending is common in Epic-
Puranic Sanskrit as it is in our text. sva is supported by su- in the A MSS.
Other less likely possibilities are: varado ’smi (Śiva speaking) or varadāsmi (Devı̄
speaking).
171 Cf. SP 10.28, SP 32.3. See ad loc. and above n. 87 on p. 40.
172 We read S1 vr.n.us.va, instead of śr.n.us.va (other MSS). śr.n.us.va without an object is
not common and seems somewhat out of place here (we cannot suppose that Daks.a
√
had stopped paying attention!). Usually our text conjugates vr.- (‘to choose’)
√
according to the 9th class, but sometimes conflation with vr.- (‘to cover’) of the
5th class occurs, for instance in SP 67.18c, where S2 and S3 read vr.n.u, against
śr.n.u in S1, R and A, but where it is obvious that vr.n.u, ‘make a wish,’ is the word
required.
173 The Stotra in SP 32.171–176 is in the Prahars.in.ı̄ metre (4 × 13).
174 In SP 10.28.
175 The wife of Haribhadra is Bhadrakālı̄; see SP 32.192.
176 Laks.mı̄dhara quotes a list of most holy rivers in TVK 249f., apparently from
Devala’s Dharmasūtra, in which figures an Arjunı̄yā river. A river of that name
flowing in the neighbourhood of Kanakhala is not known from other sources. SPBh
74.2 and SPBh 127.58 mention a river called Hairan.vatı̄ flowing in Kanakhala. Cf.
MBh 6.9.5 where a Hairan.vata vars.a is decribed (cf. Kirfel 1954, II.2.62; Bisschop
56
68
(69)
within you attains the reward of an Aśvamedha. When one dies on your
bank, through austere discipline or otherwise, one will not be born again
as a human being or obtain a bad rebirth. A man who has bathed in you
should, after he has kept a three-day fast, made a rice porridge and has
offered it, 177 feed it to a brahmin: that man will attain the Paradise-of-
cows and not fall from it.’
184 Having thus created a river and bestowed His grace upon it, the Lord
comforts Daks.a and speaks to the king: ‘Abandon your fear, be my Gan.e-
śa; which wish of you may I fulfill?’ Daks.a, being repeatedly comforted,
asks that the spot here may be a holy place of Śiva. Deva answers that,
because these two blessed girls, daughters of a sage, after having practised
asceticism, prepared food with grains (kan.a) and a threshing-floor (khala)
after a full year had passed, 178 and because Daks.a was present (sthita)
there, therefore this here shall be His place (sthāna): Kanakhala, an im-
portant holy site, like the mouth of the Gaṅgā (Gaṅgāsāgara). 179 Sinners,
cheaters etc. will never succeed in reaching it and living there. A man
dying there will not be born again. Having reached there, taken a bath,
and prepared a rice porridge, one will enjoy Indra’s paradise, freed of sins.
192 Thereupon He appoints Haribhadra to the place and gives him Kālı̄ as
his wife. He presents (him) with rich gifts and with the continent of the
ghee-ocean (Ghr.toda); He bestows also many boons upon the Gan.as that
had sprung from the arm. 180
194 Sanatkumāra concludes that the destruction of Daks.a’s sacrifice by Śa-
mbhu and the decapitation of Sacrifice (Yajña) took place as he has
told. Vyāsa asks after that terrifying goddess who had issued from Devı̄’s
mouth. 181 Sanatkumāra answers that after Ambikā had been honoured
2006, 188).
It is not clear what exactly is meant by the expression parva parva samāsādya
in SP 32.181a. It may refer to the complicated hydrology of the area in which
the present Daks.eśvara temple is found. Once having passed the Gaṅgādvāra, the
Ganges River fans out in shifting riverbeds.
177 The rice porridge is first to be ritually offered (nivedya) to a god (probably a temple
idol or liṅga), before it is given to a brahmin.
178 The idea seems to be that they broke their fasts after a year. These two girls,
however, come out of the blue. They form part of the nirukti, which may derive
from another story unknown to us. Raibhya is a sage (muni) whose hermitage was
near Kanakhala (see above n. 156 on p. 52), but we have no information about any
possible daughters.
179 This refers, no doubt, to the site occupied today by the modern temple of
Daks.eśvara in Kankhal on the Ganges, a village 5.3 km south-west of Gaṅgādvāra
(Tı̄rthāṅk 62ff.). The comparison with Gaṅgāsāgara (SPS 167.172) comes some-
what as a surprise, unless one thinks of Kanakhala/Gaṅgādvāra as the beginning
and Gaṅgāsāgara as the end of the Gaṅgā Valley in North India.
180 See SP 32.21.
181 This concerns Kālakarn.ı̄, see SP 32.100.
57
69
(70)
58 Synopsis
by the gods, the goddess born from her mouth (Āsyajā, i.e. Kālakarn.ı̄)
says to her: ‘Tell me, what shall I do?’ Then Brahmā bows respectfully
to Mahādevı̄ and asks: ‘May she be my daughter.’ Umā agrees and gives
that goddess away as daughter. 182 And after he has told her: ‘You are
Death (Mr.tyu),’ he appoints this goddess to a dreadful office, viz. robbing
all living beings of their lives. And she, appointed to execute that job by
Brahmā himself, [. . . ] 183
201 śrutiphala. 184
33
A long time ago, Dharma and Yajña practised tapas in the Himālaya. Deva appeared
with his Gan.as, all looking like Maheśvara. Dharma and Yajña took the one in the mid-
dle to be the real Maheśvara. They hymned Him. Maheśvara granted them to become
his carrier in their next birth. The Māhātmya of the location where this happened:
Madhyama.
In the present Manu period Surabhı̄ worships Rudra. He grants her an extraordi-
nary son. She gives birth to Vr.s.abha. Vr.s.abha roams around and goes to the ocean to
drink. The Daityas attack him. The Bull drinks up all the Daityas along with the water
of the ocean. The ocean takes refuge with the Sam . vartaka Fire at the Vad.avāmukha.
182 Cf. MBh 12.249.14–20 where Mr.tyu is born of Brahmā as the embodiment of his
anger.
183 SP 32.199cd is corrupt, a corruption that may be connected with a loss of text
in a very early stage of the transmission. The following conjectural reading of SP
32.199cd is based on S2 and S3: udbās.pāha ca deveśam adyodyuktā tvayāmaye |,
‘And choked by tears she says to the lord of the gods (i.e. Brahmā): “Today I have
been charged by you with the task of decay”.’ Our conjecture takes its cue from
the story as told in MBh 12.249.21–22. We propose to read ca deveśam (deveśa
being Brahmā, cf. SP 34.104a), but S2 and S3 suggest sadeveśam or sadeveśā, the
first would be referring to Brahmā accompanied by Deveśā (i.e. Devı̄), an unusual
couple but possible here, the second to Kālakarn.ı̄ together with Deveśā (i.e. Devı̄),
which seems inappropriate here. A third unlikely possibility is to read sadeveśām .,
which would make Devı̄ and Deveśa (Brahmā) the addressees. The story ends
abruptly and there can be little doubt that a substantial portion of the text has
been omitted. We may form an idea of the content of this missing text by looking
at the story of Mr.tyu as it is continued in the Mahābhārata (MBh 12.248–50).
The goddess of death (Mr.tyu) asks to be discharged from this office, since she
fears adharma (MBh 12.250.3). When her prayer is not heard, Mr.tyu practises
tapas for a long time. Brahmā promises that there will be no adharma for her,
since men will come to her because of diseases, not because of an offence on her
side: na tvā dos.en.a yāsyanti vyādhisam
. pı̄d.itāh. prajāh. (MBh 12.250.29cd). The
story of Mr.tyu (MBh 12.248–50) has a parallel in MBh 7 App. 1 No. 8 ll. 23–248.
184 The metre of SP 32.203 is a Mālinı̄.
58
70
(71)
The Bull threatens to drink the ocean, but he is beaten by the Fire, the custodian of
the ocean, and then he turns to Rudra for help. Śiva sends a Rudra to the Sam. vartaka
fire in order to bring him in. After a fight the Fire is brought before Śiva, who asks
the Bull what to do with him. The Bull asks Śiva to let him go. Then the gods come
to Śiva complaining about the Bull’s uncontrolled behaviour. Śiva creates a Gan.apa
called Prabhākara whom he lends the power to contain the bull. Then all the gods take
up residence in the bull and Śiva becomes vr..savān. ( p. 183)
1 Sanatkumāra speaks. He tells Vyāsa that he will explain how it has come
about that Vr.s.abha carries Deva. A long time ago, Dharma and his friend
Yajña went to the Himavat to practise tapas. They subsist on air for ten
thousand years and then another twelve thousand years on vegetables
alone. Then Deva comes along with his Gan.as, all of similar appearance,
and shows himself to them. When they see many Maheśvaras who look
the same, the two consult with one another about which of them might be
Īśvara. After much deliberation they think that the treasure of light (te-
jas) in the middle will be Maheśvara. The two ascetics of immeasurable
power bow their heads in great respect to the Deva who is the being
(bhava/Bhava) in the middle (madhye) and begin praising him.
8 Obeisance to the Lord of the Universe, the immortal principle who is clad
in space; 185 who is attached to crossroads, the three-eyed Being (Bhava)
who has four appearances, 186 four heads, and is moving in the waters; the
one who bestowed grace on Indra and Brahmā; whose penis is erect, who
inspires passion/confusion, but who is without passion/confusion (him-
self). Obeisance to the one of golden colour, whose eye is the sun, whose
hair purifies and whose tongue is long; to the one with many feet, one
eye, a thousand bells and a thousand eyes, carrier of the banner and the
Pināka bow, with a thousand heads; obeisance to doomsday fire (Sam . var-
187
ta), to the laudable one, killer of the enemy, to him who is (Bhava),
comes about, and brings about. Obeisance to the eminent one (vara) and
giver of boons (varada), to the cow-eared one (Gokarn.a), lord almighty,
185 Cf. SP 66.22. This refers to two qualities of Śiva: he goes naked, space is his
garment, and he is omnipresent in space (vibhu).
186 Cf. VāP 1.5.31 (PPL 57 vs. 27), where Maheśvara in his function as Creator
(Brahmā) is described as: tridhā yad vartate loke tasmāt trigun . a ucyate | caturdhā
pravibhaktatvāc caturvyūhah. prakı̄rtitah. 31 . The ‘four appearances’ may refer
to four functions (cf. ŚiP Vāyavı̄yasam . hitā 1.10.28–29). LiP 1.28.23f. speaks of
the four ways (mārga) in which he may be considered (clearly inspired by the
Buddha’s Four Noble Truths): sam . sārahetuh. sam . sāro moks.ahetuś ca nirvr.tih. |.
For another, probably secondary explanation of the epithet caturvyūha see KūP
1.11.26–27: catasrah. śaktayo devyāh. svarūpatvena sam . sthitāh. | adhis..thānavaśāt
. munipuṅgavāh. 26 śāntir vidyā pratis..thā ca nivr.ttiś ceti tāh.
tasyāh. śr.n.udhvam
smr.tāh. | caturvyūhas tato devah. procyate parameśvarah. 27 .
187 Note the not so glorious role this Sam . varta plays in the subsequent story: SP
33.67ff.
59
71
(72)
60 Synopsis
to Vis.vaksena, 188 the splendid one (Prabhāsa), and bestower of food and
life. Obeisance to the mover, the one with the lotus garland, the roaring
and terrifying one (Bhairava). Obeisance to the four-headed, Mahāde-
va, to Brahman and the Pole Star (Dhruva). Obeisance to the one who
has the form of a woman, to the middle one (Madhyama). You are the
mover of all beings, the one who consents and permits, fulfil our wishes,
Bhuvaneśvara!
21 śrutiphala
22 Sanatkumāra continues. Deva restores all Gan.as, Nandin and Devı̄ to their
natural shapes and assumes himself his permanent form. He promises the
two (Dharma and Yajña) the boon they desire. These two gods wish that,
in their next birth, they may carry him and that this secret place may
be transformed by their asceticism and become holy thanks to his grace.
Devadeva promises that this will be an extremely secret place, measuring
five arrow-shots; he who dies here will become a Gan.apa. Because he has
been worshipped by them in the belief that He was the being (Bhava) in
the middle (madhye), it shall be known as Madhyama. 189 In their next
birth they will be very strong, become (his) vehicle (vāhana) and sustain
the worlds/people. 190 Deva returns to Mount Mandara with his Gan.as.
29 A long time after this, in the present Manu period, Surabhı̄ worships Ru-
dra. After a thousand years of asceticism, Bhava is propitiated, appears
and offers a boon. She asks for an extraordinary son, in addition to many
other sons who are qualified to sacrifice, and for daughters who will sustain
the world. Deva gives it all and disappears.
33 Surabhı̄ gives birth to a first-born, powerful son Vr.s.abha, followed by
eleven Rudras and seven maidens, viz. the cows that sustain the world. 191
Vr.s.abha, after having performed his morning rituals and having saluted
his father, mother and grandfather, 192 goes to a forest that is visited by
the elephants guarding the four quarters, the abode of Siddhas, where
188 Cf. SP 23.48 and SP 34.119. It seems that viśvak is used in our text as an ortho-
graphical variant of vis.vak.
189 For the holy place Madhyama, probably identical to Madhyameśvara, see Bisschop
2006, 182f. The site may be identified with Madhyameshwar 22 km south-east of
Kedārnāth.
190 Yajña had been Śiva’s vehicle in the form of a raincloud (SP 31.40–46), before
he was decapitated in the destruction of Daks.a’s sacrifice (SP 32.46–48, cf. SP
5.64). Now Śiva offers Yajña a second chance. Yajña and Dharma will become
Śiva’s vehicle when they take up their residence in the bull (Vr.s.a), which will then
become Śiva’s vāhana. This is told in SP 33.116-117ab.
191 Cf. PPL 162 vs. 47 (HV 3.41, 58*) where Surabhı̄ is said to give birth to eleven
Rudras, sons of Kaśyapa.
192 Probably Kaśyapa, Surabhı̄ and Brahmā are meant.
60
72
(73)
that divine dūrvā grass grows that has risen from the elixer (amr.ta) and
shoots forth again after having been cut or burnt.
37 One day that son of Surabhı̄, king of the bulls, when he was wandering
around in that forest and became thirsty, went to the ocean to drink.
Having plunged into the middle of the ocean, his mouth wide open, he
gulps down the water of the sea filled with large fishes; yet he becomes not
satisfied. While that (water) is being drunk, 193 the leaders of the Daityas,
fourteen thousand, all of them well equipped, with swords, arrows, and
bows in their hands, these great sons of Maya, 194 resembling Śakra and
doomsday fire, fall upon him with great speed.
41 Along with the water of the ocean, the very strong (Bull) drinks up (all)
those Daityas. The ocean inhabitants tremble and shout when they see
that these have been drunk and are being drunk. Thereupon, while he
is being swallowed up, the venerable ocean arrives at the Mare’s Mouth
195
(Vad.avāmukha), and takes refuge with Sam . vartaka. And that mighty
Fire (of dissolution), greatly enraged, gives him shelter and goes to the
Bull and speaks to him respectfully.
45 Sam . varta says that this (ocean) is a refuge to all beings and a residence
of demons (Daityas). It should not be emptied of its waters. The Bull
answers that it was not his intention to empty the ocean altogether, but,
now that he has suggested it, he will do it right away. The lord of the
oblation, i.e. Fire (Havyeśa), may show his pride, arrogance, force and
courage, he will drink this ocean in front of him! Having spoken thus to
(the Fire) that resides in the Vad.avāmukha, the lord of the bulls, excited
as he is, begins to drink up the ocean completely. The Fire says that he,
i.e. the Bull, is not a well-matched adversary, and he wants no conflict
with him (the Bull), but nevertheless, the duty he has taken upon him he
will do. The Bull shall not drink the ocean; he (the Fire) will protect it,
(as long as) it is in his care. He will ward offthe boasting son of Surabhı̄.
51 Sanatkumāra continues. Thereupon Vahni goes to him, takes him by the
neck; (the Bull) cannot move any more, (but) vomits all the water he
has drunk, without the Dānavas (though), for these are all burnt in his
digestive fire. Thereupon the Sam . vartaka fire sets free the humped Bull
and says: ‘Go, I shall not kill you, though I could burn you; you cannot
193 pı̄yat-i passive participle with active form; cf. SP 29.9c.

194 SPBh 76.31 calls Maya the foremost son of Danu. The latter is the sister of another
daughter of Daks.a, Diti, whose offspring are the Daityas. The sons of Danu are the
Dānavas. The sons of Maya are called Daityas, like their great-uncles. Evidently
they all fall into the same category of demons or Daityas.
195 Sam . varta(ka), or the fire of dissolution, which resides in the ocean and is equated
with the Mare’s Mouth fire situated in the underworld (PPL 134 vs. 78f., WG 135
vs. 78).
61
73
(74)
62 Synopsis
beat me. Yet, I will not bellow/boast; what is bellowing to those who are
superior in strength?’
55 After having released the Bull, the Fire goes to his own abode. And the
Bull goes too, tormented by pain and grief. That mighty Bull, son of
Surabhı̄, becomes downcast by shame and pain and thinks: ‘I am power-
less; Vahni is powerful; I have been so humiliated by him: he has become
master of (my) life, but I am not bereft of my vital airs by him. My power
is futile and so is my bawling: it is like a raincloud in autumn which has
shed its water. Today I shall give up my life, swearing that he shall not
again break my pride. For a weakling who has fallen into the hands of
wicked enemies, I think dying is superior to living. What is life to him?’
61 Then the Bull hears a voice from the sky: ‘Son of Surabhı̄, don’t despair,
do what I say! Turn to Rudra, who is stronger than anyone; then you
shall conquer Fire. O Bull, he, the creator of all beings, he shall drive
away your pain.’ Sanatkumāra continues. Having heard this from a noble
Sādhya, 196 he goes to the Himavat mountain and practises severe tapas.
After having been fixed on Him for a thousand years, the Lord of all beings,
in the company of Ambā and the Gan.as, addresses him: ‘O blessed son of
Surabhı̄, I am pleased with you, son; make your wishes, I will fulfil them,
no matter how many.’
67 Sanatkumāra continues. After he has seen the Lord together with Ambā
and the Gan.as, he bows to His feet, looks up and bows again, repeating
this several times; then he says: ‘May there be no decay of (my) tapas, this
is my wish, O Lord of the World (Jagatpati), and unsurpassed strength,
and everlasting mastership in yoga; I (wish to be ) your vehicle (vāhana);
and as I am being slighted (vimānitah.) by Agni, 197 I wish to see the Sam
.-
vartaka fire in the Mare’s Mouth (Vad.avāmukha) captured by you.’
71 After having granted these boons, (the Lord) rubs his left side and creates
a very strong Rudra, who is crowned by a diadem, three-eyed, ornamented,
his broad chest protected by a cuirass, provided with leather chaps to
protect arm and fingers, and carrying a bow, sword, and divine weapons. 198
Rudra (i.e. Śiva) tells that Rudra to fetch the Sam . vartaka fire at the
Vad.avāmukha and to bring him in. The Gan.anāyaka bows to His feet
and goes to the ocean, where he sees (that) Fire (Hutāśana). After heavy
fighting he captures the Sam . vartaka fire and brings him to Deva.
196 Sādhyas are a rather indeterminate group of gods (see Hopkins 1915, 175). In
SPBh 116.66 Vis.n.u in his Vāmana form passes himself offas a Sādhya, son of
Dharma, to King Bali.
197 We had expected a nirukti here that would explain the wish to become Śiva’s
vehicle, but the text uses the word vāhana instead of vimāna. As it stands, the
bull having been dishonoured (vimānita) explains his wish for vengeance.
198 Cf. SP 31.50–51.
62
74
(75)
76 Vyāsa wishes to know more about the fight of the diadem-crowned one
and the Fire. Sanatkumāra tells that, when the angry Gan.apa had gone
to the Sam. vartaka fire, he speaks to him as follows. ‘Deva, who is Lord of
the world and wears the crescent, orders you, O Vahni, to appease Vr.s.a
as follows. You and your friend should say to Vr.s.abha: “I pay obeisance.”
Obey his order and do what you have to do.’ Hearing Devadeva’s order,
Fire is not too pleased and says: ‘I and my companion are directed by
Devadeva and by Him alone; having appointed me here (in my present
office), He shall not appoint me elsewhere, ever. 199 Go and tell Him. But
if He should order me again, then I shall act accordingly.’
83 The Gan.eśvara answers that the childish and the foolish, who are without
force and intelligence, would leave, if they were addressed in such a way.
An order given by mighty ones and those who wield authority is given
only once, and, that messenger is the best, who accomplishes his task.
He, for one, has been sent here by that mighty creator of the universe as
(His) envoy to accomplish his task completely. If he (the Fire) does not do
as he is told, he will capture him and bring him today, trembling, before
Dyubhr.t. 200
87 Sanatkumāra continues. After he is addressed in this way, the glowing
(Fire) is furious and runs at the Gan.apa, shouting ‘stop, stop.’ He (the
Gan.apa) hits the assaillant forcefully with the rain-cloud weapon, but the
impetuous (Fire) flames up. Thereupon he strikes him with the mighty
thunderbolt in his breast, the flaming one, which is swollen with rage. Hit
by (that) weapon, the mighty lord of fire, though full of energy, is stupified,
halts for a moment in confusion, and is smokeless. At that moment the
Gan.apa, swollen with anger, handcuffs the trembling Fire with Rudra’s
noose.
92 When they see him fettered and fallen down, his sons and friends come
running toward the Gan.apa, by the thousands, with weapons in their
hands. After the Gan.apa has conquered them as well, he leads the Fire
quickly to Hara, as a sacrificial animal to the sacrifice. When Mahādeva
sees that governor of the ocean brought in, He says to Vr.s.abha: ‘Tell me,
what is to be done with him?’ When the bull sees him so pitiful and sad,
he bows to (Hara’s) feet and speaks.
96 ‘O God, Sadasatpati, 201 this glorious power of yours has been shown.
199 The argument is that Fire has been installed by Śiva at the Mare’s Mouth in his
office of protecting the ocean. He has not been released from this office by the only
one who could do that, viz. Śiva himself, so he will stick to his guns.
200 This name of Śiva, ‘Carrier of Heaven/Light’ seems to be a hapax, but the evidence
of S2 and S3 is quite certain, while the R and A recensions may have replaced it
by Indubhr.t, which is equally rare, but expresses a more common idea.
201 See below n. 237 on p. 71.
63
75
(76)
64 Synopsis
This wretch is pitiful and without power, O powerful one; let him go, he
is beaten. All his sons and friends have been beaten. I wish that you do
not kill him, but set him free.’ Maheśa, having heard the words spoken by
Vr.s.abha, is pleased and releases Fire laughingly. After making that Ru-
dra into a lord of the Gan.eśvaras, free of rebirth and its sorrows, the Lord
is presenting him with the prosperous Manoraman.a continent (dvı̄pa), 202
which is movable and adorned with golden palaces that fulfil all wishes.
102 At that time the gods approach Devadeva and speak to Him. ‘This mighty
Bull, governed by you, has earlier filled the universe with his arrogant
bellowing and has disturbed its balance: He traversed the sky impetuously,
making all quarters and celestial vehicles spin helplessly by his bellowing.
And now that he has received a favour, 203 a means should be provided,
O Deva, so that he will not do the same to us again. You are our refuge,
Deveśa, and the saviour of all beings who are overcome by fear.’ Deva
answers that he shall arrange that their fear will stop and all worlds will
return to their natural state.
108 Thereupon, to fulfil their wish, the Lord creates a Gan.eśa, with lovely
earrings, very mighty, with a huge body, his mouth widely open up to his
ears, hard like the thunderbolt, with mighty fangs, broad-chested, having
a mighty sword, bow and splendid cuirass, and possessed of three eyes,
carrying two ever-filled quivers, 204 and clad in a skin—he is wielding the
bow in one and an arrow in the other hand—and, just as Mount Meru,
he is brightening the sky, which is (adorned) with lightning, the sun and
twinkling planets and stars, by way of his upper garment. 205 The Lord
addresses him as Prabhākara and speaks to him in the presence of all the
gods: ‘By my decree you, Prabhākara, are a repository of the qualities
of the gods and, provided with supremacy, you must contain the Bull’s
impetuousity. 206 I will give you that celestial Indradvı̄pa to live, 207 Jyotsnā
202 The Dvı̄pa is not known from other sources.

203 See SP 33.69–71.
204 For SP 33.111ab aks.ayau . . . is.udhı̄ compare SPBh 78.32a and Rām. 7.25.12a.
The idea is that these quivers are automatically replenished. The reading in SP
33.111a ’tyartham is uncertain. For the irregular sandhi compare SP 54.32c (asau
’nu◦) and SP 63.28d (asau ’sureśvarah.) and see SP III, 70 (cf. GES 1.7).
205 The idea expressed in this simile is that the Gan.apa has the shining sky as his
upper garment, just as the sky is the garment of Mount Meru. This implies that,
notwithstanding his animal skin and weaponry, the Gan.apa is naked.
206 It should be understood that this decree is implemented by the entering of all
divinities into the bull (below SP 33.116–129), since nowhere it is said that
Prabhākara undertakes any action. Alternatively, one would have to assume that
some text has been lost, but of this there is no trace in any of the MSS.
207 See Kirfel 1967, 61 and WG 16, 110, 133.
64
76
(77)
shall be your wife, 208 and, by decree, you will be my immortal Mahāga-
n.apati.’
116 Thereupon, after bowing to Him, all gods take up their own abodes [in
him] and Deva appears as the owner of the Bull (Vr.s.a). 209 Dharma is
said to be Vr.s.a in the front part, 210 Yajña attaches himself to the hinder
part; Sun and Moon attach themselves to the eyes, 211 Brahmā to the head,
Varun.a to the tongue, and Vāyu lives inside; Vis.n.u, Bhaga, Pūs.an, and
Śakra are established in the (four) feet and the other Ādityas resort to the
shanks and thighs, the Rudras to the ears, nose, neck, lips and jaw, the
weapons to his hoofs, the cakra and vajra to the two horns, Mitra to the
anus, and the (Vedic) metres to the tail; the mountains are the bones, Śrı̄
the faeces, 212 his urine is the elixer of life, the R 213
. s.is are his hairs, the stars
and planets his joints; the oblations, Vedic sacrifices, Hymns, Stotras and
(sacrificial) rewards become his flesh, the rivers and oceans his blood, the
universe his mouth, the rays of light his teeth, 214 and the (medical) herbs
the marrow; cattle are the entrails, plants, creepers, trees, shrubs and the
208 In SPRA 167.4.47 (Āmrātakeśvaramāhātmya) the Gan.apa Prabhākara is the hus-

band of Jyotsnā.
209 SP 33.116d vr..savān, either from vr..savat-, or from vr..sa-vah/uh-, similar to the stem
anad.-uh-, (irregular) nominative anad.vān.
210 See above SP 33.27. Yajña cannot be the front part, since he has lost his head.
Together Dharma and Yajña constitute the body of the Bull, i.e. of Śiva’s vehicle.
The idea that Dharma is embodied in or personified by a bull is old (see e.g.
MaS 1.81: catus.pāt sakalo dharmah., and MaS 8.16: vr..so hi bhagavān dharmas
(cf. VDhP 3.48.18)). Making the bull Śiva’s vehicle, implies that Śiva has become
the supreme lord of the Dharma, or that the Dharma has been accommodated in
Saivism.
211 Cf. SPBh 78.64d and Rām. 6.105.7d.
212 Cf. SPBh 98.2a, MBh 5.129.11 *494, SPBh 111.76b (sarve ’sthı̄ni ca parvatāh.), and
SPBh 111.78a (purı̄s.am . śrı̄r abhūt tasyāh.).
213 Cf. SPBh 98.20c (romāntares.u r..sayah.), VmP 65.28d, VDh 77.55d (romān . i ca
mahars.ayah.).
214 All MSS support the reading hastā (plural) in SP 33.124c. We suspect an early
corruption here. If the original reading was hastau, dual, a comparison with the
(anthropomorphic) boar may be considered. SPBh 98.9b speaks of the hastau of
Varāha. Like the bull here, the (cosmic) boar (Yajña-)varāha had earlier been
said to correlate to all sorts of divinities in the Harivam
. śa (HV 31.21–30; cf. MtP
148.67–77, SPBh 97.39). This idea goes back to the (Vedic) cosmic boar (emūs.a),
being a form of Prajāpati in ŚBr 14.1.2.11, and TaiSa 7.1.5.1 (Gonda 1969, 138f.).
However, the comparison with Varāha is less plausible because, unlike Varāha, the
bull is never represented in anthropomorphic form, so that two legs/hands (hastau)
or three or more forelegs (hastā(s)) would both seem inappropiate. Their equation
with the ‘rays of light’ also seems out of place. We conjecture the original reading
may have been dantā, teeth, which fits the ‘rays of light’ and is in the proper place,
after the ‘mouth’ has been described in SP 33.124ab (conjecture proposed by Prof.
Diwakar Acharya).
65
77
(78)
66 Synopsis
like (his) excrement and sinews; 215 Nāgas become his vessels, 216 the Vasus
his seed, the Aśvins his stomach and abdomen, the clouds wreathed by
lightning his skin; Piśācas, Rāks.asas, Yaks.as, Gandharvas and Apsarases
become his nerves, veins, lust and arrogance, and humans, Mātr.s, and
other living beings are the pores of the skin of this Bull. In this way that
Son of Surabhı̄, provided with supremacy, becomes the great god who
embodies all gods.
34
Enjoying themselves on Mount Mandara, Śiva calls Umā ‘Dark Lady’ (Kr.s.n.ā) in jest.
Devı̄ is offended and insists on practising asceticism in order to earn the boons of having
a fair complexion and a son. She resorts to a golden peak in the Himālayas made for
her by Śiva and begins her tapas. She puts down her jewellery, which creates the stream
Alam. kāradhārā. A tiger appears, which sits by her side. She decides to be gracious to
it.
In the time Devı̄ practises asceticism, Śiva goes to Upamanyu. When his mother
is unable to offer him milk, the sage turns to Śiva and starts practising tapas. Śiva
appears to him in the form of Indra. Upamanyu refuses to accept a boon from Indra.
Rudra appears to him in his own form and offers him anything he wishes. Upamanyu
asks for milk porridge without depending on a specific source of it (anāśraya), such as a
cow. Śiva says that this is impossible and disappears. He approaches him again in the
form of Brahmā. Upamanyu also rejects Brahmā’s boon. Then Śiva appears in his own
form. He gives him the continent surrounded by the milk-ocean (Ks.ı̄roda). He and his
family can always have milk. Upamanyu praises Śiva in a hymn. Śiva is satisfied and
goes to Sukeśa. ( p. 206)
1 Sanatkumāra says that the story about how Devapa (i.e. Śiva) came to
ride a bull instead of a cloud is now concluded. Vyāsa asks Sanatkumāra
another question: how did Devı̄ who originally had a dark complexion,
obtain a fair complexion? 218
3 Sanatkumāra speaks to Vyāsa. Umā and the Destroyer of Kāma’s body
(Kāmāṅganāśana, i.e. Śiva) are enjoying themselves with the Pramathas
on Mt Mandara. One day Deva infuriates her by playfully calling her ‘Dark
215 We take sakr.t in SP 33.125b as an orthographical variant of śakr.t.

216 Cf. SPBh 98.2b (nadyo nād.yaś ca tasya tu).
217 The metre of SP 33.134 is an Upajāti.
218 For this part of the story of Kauśikı̄ compare VmP 28.6–29, ŚiP Vāyavı̄yasam
. hitā
1.24–27, and Haracaritacintāman.i (HCC 22). See also Yokochi’s Introduction in
SP III, 5.
66
78
(79)
Lady’ (Kr.s.n.ā) in the course of their conversation. Mahādeva embraces

her and tries to appease her, telling her repeatedly that he had just been
teasing her and that he will never do it again. The Wielder of the Pināka
bow (Pinākadhr.k, i.e. Śiva) begs her to stop being angry. When she hears
his words, the Daughter-of-the Foremost-of-the mountains (i.e. Umā) is
pleased and says that He is her Lord, worthy of veneration. 219
10 Pleased by her flattering words, Pinākadhr.k gratifies her with the offer of
boons. She humbly asks him to give her a beautiful fair complexion, since
it breaks her heart to hear him call her ‘Dark Lady.’ She then goes on to
ask him to let her have a son. 220 She also asks for permission to practise
tapas in order to earn these boons.
14 Hara responds with a laugh, saying that there is no need for tapas because
he will grant her whatever she wishes at once. However, the Daughter-of-
the-Mountain insists that he must grant all her wishes only after she has
finished practising tapas. On hearing this, he who knows all matters to be
done gives her permission. After Satı̄ has walked around him three times
clockwise and bowed down at his feet, the Daughter-of-the-Foremost-of-
the mountains flies up into the air and sets out for the Mountain (i.e.
Himavat).
18 Soon Devı̄ reaches Himavat and sees that the hermitages of great sages
adorn its slopes. Passing the Mānasa lake, the Bindu lake (Bindusaras),
the Pān.d.u rock (Pān.d.uśilā), the Source of the Gaṅgā (Gaṅgāprabhava),
Mahālaya, the Devadāru forest (Devadāruvana), and other renowned
forests, Satı̄ turns to the northern side of that mountain and finds a
beautiful and divine, golden peak, standing solitary, where herbs grow in
abundance. 221
219 The context seems to require at least two more pādas after this.
220 The text of SP 34.12c–f is problematic. See Yokochi’s Introduction in SP III, n. 40
on p. 23.
221 The route to and location of this mountain peak, which is called Gaurı̄śikhara in
SP 69.40cd and SPS 167.49–51, is problematic and has been discussed extensively
by Bisschop 2006, 177–79 and Yokochi in the Introduction of SP III, n. 9 pp. 5f.
and in the latter’s annotation of this passage in SP III, 80. Here we follow a slightly
different approach.
The problematic nature is not only due to the mixture of mythic and geographic re-
alities, but is also partly caused by uncertainties in the Sanskrit text. SP 34.19bcd
is based on R and A alone, whereas for SP 34.20–21, apart from A (missing SP
34.20ab) and R, only S4 is available (from the 5th syllable of SP 34.20a onwards).
Bhat.t.arāı̄ conjectures one hemistich lost after SP 34.19. R adds two pādas after
SP 34.21b. The expression tasyottaren . a śailasya in SP 34.21a is, as it stands, am-
biguous, since it is not clear which rock/mountain is meant. If it is thought to refer
to the Pān.d.uśilā in SP 34.19c, the positioning of Mahālaya and Devadāruvana in
SP 34.20ab is awkward. If, which seems more likely, it refers to himavantam in SP
34.18b, it would imply that Devı̄ goes to the northern side of the Himālaya after
67
79
(80)
68 Synopsis
22 The peak is covered with trees made of precious stones, with leaves made
of dark-green gems. Here and there, red and yellow minerals, heaps of
black minerals, rock crystal, nuggets of gold and many-coloured gems can
be seen. There are many different kinds of trees, 222 including golden ones.
Cascades and mountain streams make the place delightful. 223 It resounds
with the sweet calls of many different sorts of birds and is home to a
large variety of wild animals. The peak, which resembles Mount Meru
and Mount Mandara and abounds in all sorts of flowers and fruits, is like
an unavailing journey along the southern slopes.

Devı̄ comes to the Himavat from Mt Mandara, which belongs to the realm of
mythological mountains. Other toponyms mentioned in this itinerary may refer
to places on earth in the Western Himālaya. The Mānasasaras (Mansarovar) is
commonly identified with the big lake at the foot of the Kailāsa mountain in south-
ern Tibet. The Bindusaras may be the sacred lake that Dey s.v. situates ‘on the
Rudra-Himâlaya, two miles south of Gaṅgotri.’ It is connected with the myth of
the Gaṅgāvatāra in SPBh 128.44–46 (cf. MBh 2.3.9, MBh 6.7.41, Rām. 1.42.6–7.
WG 129 vss. 23–24, 131 vss. 40–41). Bhagı̄ratha is said to have performed tapas
here in order to make the Ganges descend. The Bindusaras is the result of this and
seven streams, including the Ganges, are said to flow from this lake. The location
of the Pān.d.uśilā is unknown (SPRA 167.1.5 mentions a śilāpat..ta in the vicinity of
Mt Mandara, described as a rock resembling a white lotus (pān.d.ūkamalasam . sthite
= pān.d.ukamalasam . nibhe?), on which Śiva and Pārvatı̄ sit, but this can hardly be
the Pān.d.u Rock mentioned here). The Gaṅgāprabhava may be Gangotri; Mahā-
laya (SPS 167.30–31 locates Śiva’s footprints here (see Bisschop 2006, 179)) and
Devadāruvana (MBh 13.26.25, SPS 167.72, VāP 1.23.183–86) seem to refer to lo-
cations south of Kedāra (Kedārnāth) (Bisschop 2006, 177f., 180, 195). It might be
doubted whether the composer had a specific geographic mountain in mind (see
in particular SP 34.31 and 39 and SPBh 109.50, where Varāha (Vis.n.u) goes to a
Gaurı̄śikhara in order to liberate his son Vr.ka from Skanda).
Devı̄, it can be argued, may have been thought of as flying from one mythic moun-
tain to another, on her way passing a few sites in the Himālaya that the composers
and we know to be real places of pilgrimage, in order to give the myth some pon-
derability. It might be futile to extract the Gaurı̄śikhara from its mythic context.
Against this observation, on the other hand, is the fact that SP 69.37–77 gives
a description (Māhātmya) of this mountain and its surroundings, for which see
below n. 223 on p. 68. It is interesting to compare this itinerary with the opposite
route followed by the cloud in the Meghadūta. The cloud goes from Kanakhala on
the Gaṅgā to Gaṅgāprabhava, (Devadāruvana), Śiva’s footprints, Krauñcarandhra
(probably the Niti Pass), Kailāsa/Mānasa (Meghadūta 50, 52, 53, 57, 58, 62).
222 SP 34.24ab ≈ MBh 3.155.46ab and MtP 118.3ab; SP 34.24cd ≈ MBh 3.155.46cd
and MtP 118.8cd; SP 34.27c ≈ MtP 118.26c.
223 Cf. the Māhātmya of the Gaurı̄śikhara in SP 69.37–77 and Agrāran.ya (SP 69.40,
cf. SPS 167.50), in which it said to be the source of a river named Niścı̄rā (SP
69.68, cf. MBh 3.82.119–132). Here are also the two Stanakun.d.as (SP 69.58),
the Alam . kāradhārā stream (SP 34.50, SP 69.60), and the Nı̄lakun.d.a (SP 69.62).
Although some of these names are known from other sources (e.g. MBh 3.82.131),
none have been identified with any measure of certainty (see the discussion in
Yokochi’s Introduction in SP III, n. 9 on pp. 5f. and Bisschop 2006, 184f.). As
it stands, this Māhātmya, cannot solve the hermeneutic problems discussed above
(n. 221 on p. 67).
68
80
(81)
a paradise where no evildoer can enter, a well laid-out garden, the abode
of Śrı̄ (i.e. riches).
32 There are trees that grant wishes, trees that give milk, and trees that
bear all sorts of fruits and flowers. There are also golden trees; some
trees provide food for both gods and men, with all the six flavours, some
clothing and jewellery, some bedding, some honey, and some various other
delightful things. Some trees produce women and others men. On this
peak the ground is made of precious stones and a gentle and fragrant
breeze blows. 224
38 Rudra created the peak to please Devı̄ before she came there. He made
sure it was not accessible to any god or creature. On that peak Devı̄
practises severe tapas, wearing two garments made of bark and living
only on fruits, leaves, water or wind. Sometimes she stands on one leg,
gazing at the sun and holding all her senses in check. Wishing to have a
son, she worships and meditates solely on Mahādeva.
44 To protect her, Mahādeva had already appointed invisible chiefs of the
Gan.as (Gan.ādhyaks.as): 225 Ajaikapād, Rudra, Din.d.imun.d.eśvara, Kāpālin,
Bhārabhūti, As.ād.hi, 226 Nikumbha, Śatamanyu, Bhūtamohana, Kālada-
n.d.adhara, Mr.tyudan.d.adhara, Brahmadan.d.adhara and Ghoracakradhara.
Facing in every direction, the Gan.eśvaras guard the peak on all sides so
that not [even] a divine being can approach.
49 When she put down her jewellery on a rock, a stream of holy water flowed
from the jewels. This stream, called Alam . kāradhārā, which never dries
up and which destroys sin, can still be seen there. 227
51 On the day that the Daughter-of-the-Mountain starts her tapas a big
tiger appears, terrifying all the other creatures with its claws and teeth.
Emerging from a cave, it yawns, spewing out sparks of fire. Then it sees
her and approaches, intending to devour her. But, finding itself paralysed
by the power of her tapas, it ponders: ‘The power of the tapas of this
woman, whom I have seen before by the side of Śarva, is so great that
I think that she is not human. Or is this the Daughter-of-Himavat, who
is always faithful to Maheśvara and amuses herself on Mt Mandara in his
224 Compare SP 34.32–37 with SP 32.82–84, MBh 6.8.3–6 and other texts (see above
n. 118 on p. 46).
225 For Ajaikapād and the following Gan.as see Yokochi’s annotation ad SP 34.44 (SP
III).
226 Din.d.imun.d.a, Bhārabhūti and As.ād.hi (or Ās.ādhi) feature in SPS 167.115–116 as
the names of Śiva’s descents in the Tretā, Kr.ta and Dvāpara yugas respectively.
Din.d.imun.d.eśvara may be identical with Din.d.ican.d.eśvara, which occurs in SPBh
159.9d as an epithet of Śiva. For Din.d.in/Din.d.ika/d.in.d.ika see Bakker 2014, 207
n. 607.
227 See SP 69.53, 60–61.
69
81
(82)
70 Synopsis
company? But if this is the case, she has no need of tapas. Therefore,
this must be another beautiful woman.’ Realizing that it is paralysed and
is unable to kill her, the tiger resolves to stay with her until her death
and then to devour her at will, as a hungry sage eats a fruit. With these
thoughts, the tiger sits by her side, keeping its eyes, ears and tail still and
gazing at her. Devı̄ sees the tiger looking up at her intently and decides
to be gracious to it. 228
62 At Vyāsa’s request, Sanatkumāra tells what Deva did during the time that
Devı̄, intent on getting a fair complexion, was practising tapas for the sake
of obtaining a son. 229 The Lord, whose emblem is the bull (Govr.s.adhvaja),
goes to Upamanyu to bestow His grace on him. 230
65 This sage had once drunk the most delicious milk that remained of a fire
oblation in the house of his maternal uncle. He asks from his mother the
same milk, 231 but she gives him a mixture of water and flour. The sage
tells his mother that this is not milk, 232 but his mother answers: ‘From
where could we get milk or food? Go worship Mahādeva and he will give
it to you.’ 233
234
69 Disappointed the sage takes refuge with Śam. kara. While looking in the
sun, standing on one leg, he meditates on Hara, while eating only fruits
during the first thousand divine years, fallen leaves in the second, and
only water in the third. In the fourth period of a thousand years he feeds
on the wind, completely fixed on Mahādeva. Then Śarva is satisfied and
228 This tiger will be called Somanandin and become Devı̄’s Gan.eśvara (SP 55.21–
23). Cf. VmP 28.14–21 and ŚiP Vāyavı̄yasam . hitā 1.25.8–17, 26.1–23, 27.28–35. In
HCC 22 two lions appear instead of a tiger. A lion emerges from Umā’s mouth at
the end of her asceticism in MtP 157.4–6. The story of Devı̄ and Somanandin is
resumed in SP 53ff. For Somanandin see Yokochi’s Introduction in SP III, 16–22.
229 These deeds of Śiva are told in SP 34.62–52.127. See SP 52.128.
230 The story of Upamanyu is found in MBh 13.14.75–196, where Upamanyu, son of
Vyāghrapada and the elder brother of Dhaumya, tells Kr.s.n.a his own story. The
same story is found in the Haracaritacintāman.i (HCC 19–20). See also LiP 1.107–
08 and ŚiP Vāyavı̄yasam . hitā 1.35. In the versions of MBh 13, HCC (very similar
to that of MBh 13), and LiP, Śiva takes only Indra’s form, not Brahmā’s. For the
Upamanyu story see further Sutton 2005 and Barois 2009.
231 Cf. LiP 1.107.4–6ab: kadācit ks.ı̄ram alpam . ca pı̄tavān mātulāśrame | ı̄rs.yayā mā-
tulasuto hy apibat ks.ı̄ram uttamam 4 pı̄tvā sthitam . yathākāmam . dr..s.tvā provāca
mātaram | mātar mātar mahābhāge mama dehi tapasvini 5 gavyam . ks.ı̄ram ati-
. namāmy aham |.
svādu nālpam us.n.am
232 For SP 34.66cd–67ab compare MBh 13.14.78: tatah. pis..tam . samālod.ya toyena sa-
ha mādhava | āvayoh. ks.ı̄ram ity eva pānārtham upanı̄yate 78 . Cf. also LiP
1.107.6cd–9. SP 34.67cd ≈ LiP 1.107.10cd.
233 Cf. MBh 13.14.82–84 and LiP 1.107.12–15ab. SP 34.68a ≈ LiP 1.107.15a.
234 SP 34.69d = MBh 13.14.84b. Cf. LiP 1.107.16cd–19. SP 34.70d = SP 20.69d, SP
21.5b, SP 31.102d.
70
82
(83)
appears to him in the form of Śakra. 235

74 Śakra says that he is satisfied and wants to give a boon. 236 Upamanyu
welcomes the king of the gods politely. He says that he thinks that the
tapas he practised is indeed great and without stain, that he is now able
to see Indra, the lord of the cosmos. He offers him water for his feet etc.
and then asks the lord of being and non-being (Sadasatpati): 237 ‘What
can I do for you? If it is not too difficult, it will be done immediately!’
Śakra replies that he once was the best friend of his father. Because of
that friendship he has come when he saw him suffering in his tapas. He
offers the boon again. Upamanyu replies that he is devoted to Mahādeva,
and only from Him does he wish a boon. 238 Śakra tells Upamanyu that
Mahādeva, the Sadasatpati, will not be seen by anybody. Because of his
friendship with Upamanyu’s father, he (Upamanyu) is a true (dharmatas)
son (suta) to him. He offers the boon once again. Upamanyu tells him to
leave. ‘We have exchanged the proper courtesies; you may go; I will ask
a boon only from Rudra; obeisance to you!’ Maheśvara in the disguise
of Indra tells him that he will repent; what will Rudra do for him? He
(Indra) will go and wishes him well in his efforts directed towards Rudra,
but he (Upamanyu) may remember him.
85 When he is gone, Rudra assumes his own form, appears before him quietly
and speaks: ‘Tell me as soon as you have thought it over, 239 I shall give the
boon.’ When he sees Deveśa, Upamanyu bows and asks the Lord, if He
235 Cf. MBh 13.14.86–88; LiP 1.107.24cd–25ab.

236 SP 34.74cd ≈ LiP 1.107.32ab. Cf. MBh 13.14.92.
237 Cf. SP 25.1, SP 33.96, and SP 34.80, where this epithet is used for Śiva (also
in MBh 13.17.63). In MBh 14 App. 1 No. 4 l. 1537 the epithet (sadasaspati) is
used for Vis.n.u. Minoru Hara conjectures sadasatpatim (for sadasaspatim) in the
introductory praśam . sā (1) of Kaun.d.inya’s Pañcārthabhās.ya 1.1. In the present
context the use of this epithet by Upamanyu to address a lower god like Indra may
be part of his condescending tone towards Indra.
238 Cf. MBh 13.14.94.
239 niścintya (SP 34.86c), not given in the dictionaries, is attested several times in
the Skandapurān.a (SP 9.12c (suniścintya), SP 16.13c (pariniścintya), SP 57.19a
(viniścintya), and SP 62.59c (suniścintya)). niścintya is always supported by the
S MSS, and R and A usually read niścitya instead. niścitya, if understood to
√
derive from cit- may be considered nearly synonymous with niścintya, meaning
‘thinking over,’ ‘reflecting.’ It might well be that, in the manuscript transmission
of the Mahābhārata, original niścintya has often been rewritten as niścitya (just
as R and A do in the transmission of our text). If original, niścitya/viniścitya may
√
be better understood as being derived from ci-, ‘to decide,’ ‘to determine.’
In our edition of SP 12.52d (SP I p. 186) we read aniścitya. The required
meaning here is unequivocally ‘without consideration,’ (not ‘without decid-
ing/determining’). Another check of the MSS S2 and S3 (S1 is missing) shows
that the S reading is actually aniścintya and that our edition should be emended
accordingly.
71
83
(84)
72 Synopsis
is truly satisfied with him, to grant him what he asks: ‘I wish to eat milk
porridge without being dependent on any material source of it (anāśritya),
either human or divine.’ 240 Deva answers that being (completely) inde-
pendent of anything is impossible. He should name a source (āśraya),
even grass (if he likes), and formulate (his wish) accordingly. Upamanyu
answers that the aim of his effort is to be independent of anything thanks
to His grace; He should bestow that. Deva repeats that there will be no
milk porridge for him without depending on something. He disappears.
93 Then Pinākadhr.k assumes the form of Brahmā in order to test him and
again speaks to him. Brahmā says that he is impressed by his asceticism
and that he is prepared to bestow a boon. Upamanyu says: ‘O lord,
creator of the cosmos, my tapas is indeed great that I may see you, but
I am devoted to Maheśvara; He is my highest aim and wish. Therefore I
do not ask a boon from you.’ Brahmā answers that Rudra did not grant
him an easy-to-get milk porridge; why should He now bestow a superior
boon? Brahmā offers him to become Prajāpati, Indra, Vis.n.u, etc.; he
should become the protector of the world worshipped by everybody. He
should give up Maheśvara. That Īśāna will not give him even a single
blade of grass!
100 Upamanyu says that nothing is withheld from him by that Great Noble
One (Mahātman). The Lord of all beings is sovereign. He acts as he
wishes: ‘If He gives, I profit, if not, just as well. No use to waste words on
it, I love what He gives me, whether hell, or human bondage (paśutva), or
whatever else. I don’t wish that you grant me to become Vis.n.u, or Śakra,
O Brahmā. Go, you can save yourself the trouble.’ 241
104 Sanatkumāra continues that, being thus addressed by that brahmars.i , the
lord of the gods (Brahmā) spoke to him again for the purpose of a boon,
but Upamanyu, his thoughts fixed on Īśāna, remained silent, whereupon
the god (Brahmā) disappeared. When the three-eyed Lord, wielder of the
Pināka bow, sees his state of devotion (bhāvanā), He shows Himself in His
own form: 242 with three eyes, matted hair, girded by a snake, clad in a
tiger-skin, covered by the skin of a black antelope, holding a kaman.d.alu,
a stick, and a lance and loudly laughing, surrounded by many Gan.apas.
He says: ‘Son, son, I am satisfied with your tapas.’
110 ‘Through my grace you shall be immortal, without aging and suffering, 243
capable of assuming every form at will, and illustrious. Accept this conti-
240 Cf. MBh 13.14.189ab.

241 Cf. MBh 13.14.94–98.
242 Śiva appears here without his wife, who usually accompanies him. She is obviously
not present because she is practicing tapas on a Himālaya peak.
243 Cf. MBh 13.14.191ab. A similar formula is found e.g. in SP 22.5ab, SP 35.26ab,
SP 69.39ab, and SPBh 162.50ab.
72
84
(85)
nent (dvı̄pa) surrounded by an ocean of milk (Ks.ı̄roda) that is created by

me and can move at will. 244 Furnished with great yogic power, eat your
milk porridge, my boy, together with your family. 245 I bless this whole
family of yours as well as the seven earlier generations of it. Whoever are
family of yours, they will always be noble persons (mahāsattva), and live
at the Milk-ocean.’ 246
115 After having accepted that boon, Upamanyu praises Bhava. 247 He offers
obeisance to Viśveśa, the Lord of all immortals, etc., to the one who kills
the enemies of the gods, whose course is impetuous (can.d.avega), who is the
Lord of ancestors and gods, and who kills the buffalo. He pays obeisance
to Him as the one who has the form of a woman, to Skanda, Viśākha and
Viśvaksras.t.r.. 248 He pays obeisance to the one who is the bond (pāśa), the
unfathomable one, the one who is the aim and summum bonum (śreyas),
the one who is the heart.
121 Sanatkumāra continues. After He has sniffed his head, put him at rest
and dismissed him, the almighty Lord goes to Sukeśa. Upamanyu was
thus freed by Hara from his rage (manyu) (for milk) by a boon. 249
244 Living on a continent surrounded by milk will mean that Upamanyu is no longer
dependent on any specific source for his favourite dish. Cf. MBh 13.14.192ab–193ab
and LiP 1.107.55–56.
245 Cf. MBh 13.14.189ab.
246 Cf. MBh 13.14.193cd–194, LiP 1.107.54ab. All MSS support ks.ı̄rodavāsinah. in
SP 34.114d. This family lives on a continent surrounded by the milk ocean, not
in the Milk Ocean. The text is somewhat elliptical, which explains Bhat.t.arāı̄’s
conjecture: ks.ı̄raudanāśanāh., which may be equivalent to ks.ı̄rodanāśinah., ‘eating
milk porridge.’ It furnishes them with unlimited access to milk, so that they are
no longer dependent on a specific source, such as a cow or Kalpavr.ks.a, which is
the import of the story. Throughout this story of Upamanyu, with its cheeky
and dazzling dialogues, the composer speaks tongue in cheek. This is the main
difference with the same story as told in the Mahābhārata and Liṅgapurān.a.
247 The Stotra that follows seems a brief version of Upamanyu’s hymn of praise in
MBh 13.14.150–166. Textual parallels are found in a part of the Stotra (after
MBh 13.14.153), which the editors have relegated to the Appendix I No. 6, in
particular MBh 13 App. 1 No. 6 ll. 38, 42–45, 49, 52.
248 Viśvaksras.t.r. is to be considered an orthographic variant of Vis.vaksras.t.r., ‘the ubi-
quitous creator.’ Cf. Vis.vaksena at SP 23.48c and SP 33.16a, where S2 and S3 read
viśvaksena.
249 The metre of the four 12-syllabic pādas of the concluding verse SP 34.122 is:
˘˘ ˘˘ ˘ ˘ . This is not a common metre in classical Sanskrit literature,
although the scansion of this pāda, sa bha ra ya, is identical with the even quarters
of the Mālabhārin.ı̄, which is a specific form of the Aupacchandasaka. For this metre
see the Introduction (p. 12).
73
85
(86)
74 Synopsis
35
A pious brahmin finds his ancestors clinging to a clump of grass. They tell him he is
that clump and only when he produces offspring can they be saved from falling into
hell. He tells them that he has taken a vow of celibacy, but that he will save them all
the same. He resorts to Śiva. After long tapas, Śiva appears in the guise of Vis.n.u, but
the brahmin refuses to accept boons from anyone but Śiva. Then Śiva himself appears
and grants that he be his Gan.apa Sukeśa. He gives him the mountain Trikūt.a as a
residence and promises that his ancestors will become released due to his piety. They
will join him as Gan.apas. Vyāsa asks Sanatkumāra how Sukeśa came to request his
ancestors to tell him about these hells. ( p. 227)
1 Sanatkumāra announces that the Lord made a brahmin into the Gan.e-
śa Sukeśa. Vyāsa wants to know how this happened and how his tapas
pleased the Lord so much that he granted him Gan.eśa-hood. 250
3 A pious brahmin born in the lineage of Vasis.t.ha, who was dedicated to
pilgrimage, once, being in a foreign country, saw in a forest a ferocious
tiger. The brahmin quickly leaves the road and enters a terrifying wood
that is empty of living beings. There he sees men holding on to a clump of
grass with their heads down, crying piteously. 251 He asks them who they
are. They answer that they are his ancestors. Due to his fault they are
hanging upside down, in this Naraka, clinging to grass, that is clinging to
him. 252 Men desire sons, thinking that they can save them from hell, 253
but he lets them fall into it.
10 The brahmin speaks. ‘You should lift yourself out of this pit with the
help of all the meritorious deeds that I have performed since my birth, 254
and the tapas that I have collected by going on pilgrimage.’ The ancestors
answer: ‘We are not able to escape from this pit by means of (your) tapas,
nor by sacrifice, nor in any other way. Do as we tell you: produce good
offspring! Then we may escape from this pit.’
13 The brahmin answers that he has taken a vow of chastity. He will not take
a wife, but he will save his ancestors. He leaves them with pain in his heart
and takes refuge with Rudra. When the ancestors have disappeared, he
remains living on air alone under the open sky, immobile like a stick, his
250 This story of Sukeśa was briefly told by Kaśyapa to Himavat in SP 11.5–17. For
the motif of the rescue of ancestors hanging upside down above hell see SP I, 80f.
n. 61.
251 Cf. MBh 1.41.3–5. For SP 35.6–7 see also SP 11.9–10. SP 35.6b = MBh 1.41.4b,
22b.
252 Cf. SP 11.12 and MBh 3.94.13d where, in a similar context, Agastya finds his pitr.s
hanging in a garta.
253 Cf. SP 57.26ab. For attestations in Sanskrit literature of this belief see Kane II,
561.
254 SP 35.10cd, cf. SP 12.50ab, MaS 8.90, VDhP 3.327.28ab.
74
86
(87)
breathing suspended, 255 meditating on Rudra, and muttering ‘rudras.’ 256

After a month a terrible thunderstorm arises, but he does not experience
any pain or breakdown. Then, in the seventh month, Deva speaks to him
in the form of Vis.n.u.
20 Vis.n.u offers him a boon, but when Sukeśa sees that it is Nārāyan.a who has
257
come, he tells him that he will only accept a boon from Śam . kara. Vis.n.u
tells him to shut up. Even gods are not able to see Hara. Sukeśa answers:
‘O Cakreśa, whether holy or unholy, I desire a boon only from Śam . kara
and not from you or anybody else. Because all gods, including you, ought
to worship that God (Deva), therefore he is called the foremost.’
25 When Hara sees that he is steadfast, he is satisfied and says to him: 258
‘Be forever my Gan.apa.’ He offers him freedom of old age and suffering,
sovereignty, and the status of being his favourite. And also he gives him
a divine mountain named Trikūt.a, made by himself, which can move at
will and is furnished with golden palaces. 259 Those for whose sake he has
propitiated Him, those ancestors will be saved from hell by him, acting as
a good son (suputra), and they will become Gan.eśas. These Gan.eśvaras
will be his servants, following his will, and they will forever be without
suffering. 260 And he himself will be celebrated as Sukeśa, who will be
possessed of the eightfold mastery. 261
31 Sanatkumāra continues. After he (i.e. Sukeśa) has seen that his fathers
were saved from hell and raised to the status of Gan.eśvaras, he is happy
and speaks to Maheśvara: ‘Lord, Gan.eśa-hood and sovereignty have been
reached, just as immortality and freedom of old age; these fathers of mine
have been saved and made Gan.apas, and I have obtained a mountain that
moves freely at will thanks to your grace. I wish that you, Mahādeva,
along with Umā and the Pravareśvaras, 262 be always well-disposed and
255 SP 35.15, cf. Rām. 7.35.62cd. For SP 35.15c compare SP 52.104c.

256 For the japa of ‘rudras’ see also SP 20.65, SP 21.2, and SP 51.12.
257 There is a slight inconsistency in that the brahmin is called Sukeśa here, before
that name is given to him in SP 35.30 (cf. SP 11.17). In SP 34.74–109 Upamanyu
passes a similar test, when Śiva appears to him in the guise of Indra and Brahmā.
258 S1 inserts two pādas after SP 35.25ab, saying that Śiva gives up his form as Vis.n.u.
259 From the context it is clear that in the present case a mythological mountain is
meant. For other Trikūt.as in Sanskrit literature and their possible locations see
Kane IV, 813.
260 The inversion of roles is worked out in SP 36.50–51. For the concept of suputra (=
satputra) see below n. 374 on p. 104.
261 See ad SP 27.13d (SP II A, 198f.).
262 ‘Pravareśvara’ used here apparently as a synonym of Gan.eśvara (cf. SP 54.29d and
SPBh 158.89d), but in SP 35.37b and SP 36.50d the term pravara is used in the
sense of ‘ancestor.’ ‘Pravareśvara’ may therefore in the present context connote
‘ancestors’ who have the status of Gan.eśvaras. In SP 36.55 and SP 38.2b the
Gan.apa Sukeśa is called Pravareśvara, ‘Lord of the ancestors.’
75
87
(88)
76 Synopsis
open to access.’ This is all granted by the Lord. He incites him to pursue
his own destination, after having settled on this mountain together with
his ancestors, and to protect the gods and brahmins.
38 Mahādeva sends him forth and disappears, but Sukeśa, (settled) on that
mountain in that city which is like heaven, asks his ancestors about the
nature of the hells. Vyāsa asks why the Gan.apa (i.e. Sukeśa) questions his
ancestors and what the latter tell. He wants to hear this, either in full or
in brief, but truthfully, (since) it brings happiness to all. The one spoken
to, the son of the creator of the gods (i.e. Sanatkumāra), the mighty one
who moves freely, he sung thus the old story that connects to the world
of the gods and wipes out evil. 263
36
Sukeśa on Mount Trikūt.a thanks his ancestors for having made him happy again. The
ancestors tell him that it is only his power that has saved them from hell, not their
own doing. Sukeśa disagrees and tells his ancesors that it is their good deeds that
has enabled him to save them. He only replicates his fathers. Thus they have saved
themselves. His ancestors come to share this insight and declare themselves to be his
‘sons.’ They tell a story that illustrates this inversion. The sons of Brahmā, who had
been cursed by him to become bereft of their senses, are told by him to do penance and
to ask their own sons how they should do it. These sons instruct them and thus become
their (spiritual) ‘fathers,’ while the fathers, having become pupils, are their ‘sons.’ The
sons turned ‘fathers’ ask for a boon, viz. that offerings to the pitr.s precede the ones to
the devas. Sukeśa’s ancestors ask him how they, as his ‘sons,’ can serve him and he asks
them to tell him all about the hells. ( p. 235)
1 Sanatkumāra continues. (Sukeśa) sits in a golden palace (vimāna) on

that Trikūt.a mountain, in a city, full of womanfolk, created by Deva. 264
After he has convoked all the ancestors and sees that they are comfortably
seated, he says to them: ‘Thanks to your tejas, I experience such a power.
By you has been done that, by which I have now been made enjoying
happiness.’ The ancestors answer their son that he is wrong; his power
is not due to their grace. They were being tormented in a terrifying hell,
but because of his prowess they have reached happiness. He, as ‘a good
son’ (suputra), 265 has saved them from hell; they do not see anyone else
like him. They are fortunate in having a son like this. If he had not been
263 The metre of SP 35.42 is Vam . śastha.

264 See SP 35.27, 39.
265 For the concept of the ‘good son’ (satputra/suputra) see below n. 374 on p. 104.
76
88
(89)
there as their relative, they, wicked ones, would be cooking at that very
moment in a hell for many thousands of years. Many living beings are
tortured there, owing to their very bad conduct. For them there is no
tapas.
9 Sukeśa answers his ancestors that he is not speaking falsely, nor has he
earlier done so, namely that, at the time, his power was due to their in-
fluence. They should listen and not repudiate the word that he speaks
truthfully. ‘O fathers, I do not repudiate the gods; who would repudiate
(them)?’ 266 He continues by saying that the fathers perform deeds that
are approved of by the wise and consequently they always pray that their
descendants may be numerous, descendants who, being lawful, grateful,
and virtuous, will rescue them from hell forever. The dharma, caused by
unfaltering (adherence) to their own duties (svadharma) and the perfor-
mance of that duty, when properly complied to, produces good offspring,
which is lawful, virtuous, affectionate, and dedicated to saving them.
15 Produced by them in accordance with the Dharma and in great concen-
tration, he is furnished with their tapas, and (as such), after worshipping
Deva, he was able to rescue the fathers from hell. The tapas and good
conduct, this is their influence; what is his (part) in this? Is this spoken
falsely? And this is the holy revelation of the Veda, if they should need
a proof of (his earlier words) ‘by you yourselves has been done’: 267 ‘From
each limb are you born, from the heart have you come into being, you
are the self by the name of “son”; being such, may you live a thousand
autumns!’ 268 Born from their limbs and from their hearts, he has rescued
them, that is, he thus rescued himself. Therefore they should all agree
that they have been saved from that hell by their own karman. One does
not pass across a bad destination through the karman of someone else,
for it is ordained that fruition takes place in accordance with one’s own
karman.
22 Sanatkumāra says that the fathers, thus addressed, are in tears and speak:
‘Is one who speaks like you not approved of by the Lord? Your words befit
266 SP 36.10cd pitaro vocative plural, or anomalous accusative plural (instead of pitr̄.n;
cf. GES 2.12, 13); SP 36.10d devatān instead of devatās. For pitaro devatāh., the
godlike status of the ancestors, see Āpastamba-Dharmasūtra (ĀpDhS 2.7.16.3),
MBh 13.30.5cd, MBh 13.34.10cd.
267 This refers to what Sukeśa said in SP 36.3: bhavadbhis tat kr.tam ..
268 See Bloomfield 1906 (A Vedic Concordance) s.v. aṅgād-aṅgāt sam . bhavasi and s.v.
ātmā vai putranāmāsi. Pādas SP 36.18ab and cd separately in ŚBr 14.9.4.8, ŚBr
14.9.4.26 and BAU 6.4.8, BAU 6.4.26. The first time that these two hemistiches are
combined in one verse is in Kaus.U 2.11. This verse (SP 36.18) is found with minor
variants throughout Sanskrit literature; it is, for instance, quoted by Kaun.d.inya
in Pañcārthabhās.ya 5.25. It is to be receited either at the return from a journey
or at the birth of a son. Cf. Kane V, 772 n. 1247.
77
89
(90)
78 Synopsis
a great, virtuous being. O son, could the Supreme Being, Govr.s.adhvaja,

fulfil the wishes of someone who is not so (great) in the way that He has
fulfilled yours? You are a creator, you are our kinsman, you are a genitor,
you are a “father,” for we are your “sons.” As regards this, we shall tell
you what once happened in the past. May you recall to our minds that
which has been sung in the śruti and smr.ti .’ 269
27 The fathers tell that, when Brahmā had procured sons, he tells them
to worship him. Thereupon they (only) worship themselves. 270 Brahmā
becomes cross with them and tells them that they will be bereft of their
intellect. Cursed thus, all these celestials become depressed and begin
praising that god Brahmā. When they see that he is propitiated, they
tell him: ‘Our intellect has been destroyed; therefore give it back to us,
O Lord, and forgive what we have done out of ignorance.’ Brahmā tells
the humble gods tenderly that they should do penance (prāyaścitta); then
they will leave all evil that they have committed behind them. The gods
respond that they lack the intelligence by which they could know those
penances. Brahmā answers that they should ask their own sons; then
they will obtain bliss and, having regained intelligence, they will become
knowers of the Dharma. They should not act otherwise.
34 The ancestors continue. The gods ask their sons about the penances, as
well as about the Dharma, Veda, and auxiliary books. These good sons
tell them everything in accordance with the truth. Thereupon they regain
intelligence and obtain their wishes; pleased, they say to their own sons:
‘You are not our sons, but we, O sons, are your “sons,” you who have
restored lasting knowledge to us!’ 271 When they have thus spoken, Bra-
hmā arrives and tells that the gods speak the truth: all their sons are
rightly called ‘fathers.’ Therefore their sons will be ‘fathers’ for always
and they will be ‘sons.’ For secret doctrines are not told to someone who
is not a pupil; son and pupil are synonymous, from which it follows that
these (gods) are ‘sons.’ Fathers are safe thanks to sons, and they save
their sons. When they have (thus) saved (their sons), they attain to the
state of father, thanks to that (good) work. The fathers (in this case)
have been saved by their sons from ignorance as well as from hell and
therefore these (sons) are ‘fathers,’ while these (fathers) are ‘sons.’ 272 A
269 The following story of the inversion of ‘father’ and ‘son’ (SP 36.27–49) corresponds,
though not verbatim, to HV 12.21–41.
270 For this theme see Saindon 1998, 200 n. 42.
271 Cf. HV 12.27cd in which the gods are called ‘sons’ by their sons, whereas in SP
36.37ab the gods declare themselves to be ‘sons.’
272 This is the general rule: due to the ritual activity of their (biological) sons, fathers
pass across hell and reach to the world of the ancestors, and the sons are performing
this ritual duty, after their (biological) fathers have saved them from ignorance,
that is, have taught them. Here the sons have saved their (biological) fathers from
78
90
(91)
father (pitā) is someone who protects (pāti), and a father generates. Their
sons are ‘fathers’ in both these meanings. 273
45 After having heard the words spoken by Brahmā, these (gods) consider
their sons as ‘fathers’ and they become ‘sons.’ After they have reached
the state of ‘son,’ they are happy and full of force, and they gratify those
‘fathers’ with boons. The wish of these ‘fathers’ is that they should be
offered first: one who sacrifices to the gods without offering to them first,
he will not reap the fruits of (his sacrifice) but goes to hell. 274 After the
gods have granted this wish of their ‘fathers,’ they and Brahmā go from
where they had come.
50 The ancestors continue by saying: ‘O son (i.e. Sukeśa), we, bereft of rea-
son, have been saved from hell by you; having come to reason, we are made
ancestors (pravara). 275 Therefore we venerate you as a “father,” you who
protect us for great danger. Tell us, how can we, your “sons,” serve you?’
52 Sanatkumāra continues by telling that Sukeśa, thus addressed, speaks
to the ancestors that he agrees with what they have told, for mutual
fatherhood has been proclaimed by all (authorities). His wish is that his
question may be answered. The ancestors answer that there is nothing
that he does not know and that he asks (merely) to be told (something)
ignorance and they are therefore called ‘fathers,’ i.e. these sons are the spiritual
fathers of their biological fathers (cf. SP 49.23). The inversion of roles thus plays
on the exchange of biological and spiritual fatherhood.
273 The sons have protected their fathers from hell and they have generated them
as knowers of the Dharma, that is they have made them ‘twice borns’ (dvija),
normally a task of the biological father who acts as a teacher. See ad SP 49.23.
Cf. Saindon 1998, 202 n. 56.
274 The intention of SP 36.47cd is twofold: general and specific. In general, all sacri-
ficers should perfom the śrāddha ritual, in addition to sacrifices to the gods. But
there seems to be a specific rule that, in the new moon ritual, a pin.d.apitr.yajña
should be performed before the homa sacrifice to the gods, but on this opinion
differs. Heesterman 1997 refers to a ritualistic compromise struck in the context of
the myth of Indra’s killing of Vr.tra and observes (p. 249): ‘The fathers could have
their sacrificial feast on the eve of the new moon before the gods have theirs on the
next day.’ (This is based on TaiBr 1.3.10.1–2). However, Manu seems to prescribe
the reverse in MaS 3.203–04, but adds in MaS 3.205 that the śrāddha should begin
and end with a sacrifice to the gods (daivādyantam . tad ı̄heta pitrādyantam . na tad
bhavet | pitrādyantam . tv ı̄hamānah ks
. . ipram . naśyati sānvayah . ). It would seem
that this myth as told in the Harivam . śa is meant to settle the issue in favour of
the priority of the śrāddha, i.e. the pitr.s, when it says (HV 12.35): yo ’nis..tvā ca
pitr̄.ñ śrāddhaih. kriyāh. kāścit karis.yati | rāks.asā dānavā nāgāh. phalam . prāpsyanti
tasya tat , which is directly against MaS 3.204: tes.ām āraks.abhūtam . tu pūrvam
.
daivam . niyojayet |raksām . si hi vilumpanti śrāddham āraks.avarjitam .
275 The fathers have come to reason in the sense that they now see that they could be
saved, not by the procreation of Sukeśa (SP 35.11), but by his tapas and devotion
to Śiva. Like the fathers in the Brahmā story, they have thus been saved from
ignorance by their son.
79
91
(92)
80 Synopsis
for the sake of authority. What they know, have heard or experienced,
that they are prepared to tell him according to their ability.
57 Sukeśa remarks that they have been tormented in a terrible hell. Therefore
they know of the procedures in all hells. He wants to hear about their
nature, arrangement, the length of stay (in them), and their order. They
should tell him how many of those hells there are, and who and what sort
of beings there are who are tortured in them, and how they suffer. How
does a human being fall into it, how is he tormented, and after how much
time is he set free? And once set free, how does he pass on? They should
tell all of this, and so they do. 276
37
Suśarman describes to his son Sukeśa the realm of the hells. He sums up 13 great
Narakas. Each of these hells has a series of ‘elevations’ (ucchraya) attached to it, places
where the sinner finds some temporary relief. He describes how these hells in general
work. The path to these hells is just as gruesome. Once arrived at the residence of
Yama, the sinner is judged and sentenced and then thrown into a particular hell. He
does not see the end of it till the moment of his release, when a door in the perimeter
suddenly shows up. Then Suśarman begins his description of individual hells with the
Yamalācala Naraka. ( p. 246)
1 Sanatkumāra speaks. Thereupon those ancestors introduce one named

‘Suśarman’ to the latter’s own son (viz. Sukeśa), being the foundation of
his (i.e. Suśarman’s) (lineage). 277 The ancestors say: ‘This one here, O
son, the world-famous Suśarman, he is your father. He shall tell you all
that you have asked.’ Thereupon Suśarman addresses him and speaks
about this to Sukeśa, the foremost of the Gan.as. 278
276 The concluding verse SP 36.62 is an Aupacchandasaka (Mālabhārin.ı̄). For this

metre see the Introduction (p. 12).
277 The Mahābhārata (MBh 1.69.17) calls the son the pratis..thā of the family lin-
eage: kulavam . hi pitarah. putram abruvan | uttamam
. śapratis..thām . sarvadharmān.ām
.
tasmāt putram . na sam . tyajet (cf. MBh 1.89.27ab).
278 The composer of the RA recension of the SP must have wondered how Suśarman
could have known all that which follows, since he, though on the brink of falling into
hell, is as yet saved from it by his son. To account for this apparent inconsistency
the RA composer inserted 14 pādas (reduced to 10 in A) after SP 37.3, in which
Suśarman explains to his son that he has not experienced the atrocities himself,
but has heard about them from people who were raised out of hell after their evil
had been consumed (see crit. app. ad SP 37.4a).
80
92
(93)
4 O lord of the Gan.eśvaras, listen, these are the well-known hells (Narakas),
which strike terror in all beings and are dangerous to approach and hard
to cross: Yamalācala, Śālmala, Kālasūtraka, Kumbhı̄pāka, Asipatravana,
Vaitaran.ı̄, Ayoghana, Padma, Mahāpadma, Raurava, Mahāraurava, Ta-
mas and Tamastamatara. These are the great hells (Narakas). 279 Further,
there are ‘elevations’ (ucchraya). 280
9 Each of these (hells) has eight elevations, and they are also called Narakas.
In the elevations the torture is interrupted, but in the other (Narakas) it
is not interrupted; this is the difference. There is incessant pain for those
people (who have fallen into hell) due to their evil karman, and there
is an interruption due to the exhaustion of the evil; the order thereof is
explained, but the extent is not simply told. Owing to the fact that one’s
karman is pervasive, one perceives the end only when the evil has been
consumed. The hell is very extensive and one does not see the end of it.
When one’s evil is destroyed, (only then) does one see (the end). Hear
how this comes about.
13 An evildoer who has fallen into hell due to his karman proceeds in a certain
direction, while he is being tormented extremely gruesomely. When one
has gone along a path of many yojanas and, after many years, (still) does
not see the end of it, one turns around. Then, turned back, one goes in
another direction, senselessly, while one is tortured anew, and (eventually)
one turns around again. Thus going in all directions without reaching an
end, the wretches are gruesomely tortured there. At the end of their evil,
they see that (the hell) is circumscribed and has a doorway; through that
they are released. All Narakas are like this: without end, everlasting, and
their finiteness cannot be measured in yojanas.
19 Listen, I will tell you how and for how long a human being falls (into
hell). 281 When a wicked one has committed evil deeds, at the very end he
abandons his body, struck down by painful disease. He is fettered by Ya-
ma’s messengers and conducted along a rough path propelled by pain, his
body contorted. Offand on he is pierced by iron pikes and tormented by
hairs, excrements, bones and dirt. Stumbling through rugged holes, he is
279 None of the lists of hells presented by Kirfel 1967, 147–173 matches the present
list of 13 Narakas. A common number of hells is 21 (e.g. MaS 4.88–90) or 28 (e.g.
VāP 2.39.146–49). The Śaiva Siddhānta works with the concept of 32 basic hells
(Sanderson 2003–04, 422; Goodall 2004, 282f. n. 490).
280 The concept of the ‘elevations’ (ucchraya), which the text explains below, seems
to be unknown in other Śaiva literature on hells. The concept is similar to that
of the utsada (Pāli: ussada) found in (later) Buddhist literature on hells, being a
sort of supplementary hell belonging to a major hell (mahānaraka). See Edgerton’s
BHSD s.v.; Kirfel 1967, 201f.; Van Put 2007, 205ff.
281 Chapter 7 of the Śivadharmottara contains a description of Yama’s city, the way
to it, a description of hells, and the meeting with Citragupta (cf. Hazra 1956, 40).
81
93
(94)
82 Synopsis
broken and every now and then he is scattered by a hail of stones. 282 He is
dragged along by Yama’s messengers, his ligaments, arms, feet, knees and
head injured; he is sawn down along with thorny trees, split and bound
together with creepers. 283 In this way, he is brought over excruciating
paths of all sorts to the residence of Yama, his will broken by pain.
26 Then, without reaching Yama (in person), but commanded by him from
a distance, he arrives at Citragupta, where his deeds are read out. The
witnesses of mankind, viz. Soma, Agni, Varun.a, Vāyu, and Sūrya, report
what he has done. Addressed, judged and sentenced by Citragupta, he
falls into a hell upside down.
29 Assaulted by sharp lances, arrows, hatchets etc. day and night, and crying
out loudly, he reaches a hell after one thousand years. After having been
tortured there incessantly for a hundred thousand years, he reaches hell’s
end.
33 Set free from this great hell, he takes refuge in an elevation, where he is
touched by a cool breeze and finds relief. When, after having obtained such
a rest, his tortures are forgotten and he (finally) falls asleep for a moment,
a Rāks.asa jolts him awake. Afflicted by pain again, he moans woefully
and remains in that condition. Then the Rāks.asa drags him away to be
tortured again, with some interruptions and at full consciousness. After
having been tortured there for a thousand years, he is tortured anew for
the same period in another dreadful elevation. After he has gone through
eight elevations in this way, he is reborn as a worm, a moth or something
similar, in accordance with the evil he has committed.
39 I will tell you succinctly, O son, who are the wretched people that go to
that dreadful Naraka. 284 The first hell mentioned is the Yamalācala. 285
282 SP 37.23–28ab is taken over in the Śivadharmasam . graha 4.17–22.

283 We read pāt.yate in SP 37.24e. For the combination of pāt.yate and bhidyate in the
context of hellish tortures see MBh 13.117.29, MBh 13 App. 1 No. 15 l. 2670. The
meaning ‘to saw’ for pāt.yate is suggested by MkP 14.11 and VmP 12.6.
284 SP 37.39 seems to be be out of place and would fit better after SP 37.44.
285 This hell is known in Śaiva sources by various names. It is similar to the
Sam . ghāta hell of Buddhist literature (see Kirfel 1967, 202f.) The name Ya-
malācala itself seems to be specific to the Skandapurān.a. The Guhyasūtra of
the Niśvāsatattvasam. hitā knows a Giriyāmala hell (NiTS Guhyasūtra 4.46, 111;
see Sanderson 2003–04, 423, n. 270), and the Parākhyatantra seems to refer to
it as the Yugmaparvata (Parākhyatantra 5.14, Parākhyatantra 5.26: Yugmāśma);
cf. Tantrasadbhāva 10.88. Yamalādri in Svacchandatantra 10.46b. Yugmaparvata
(dual) in SkP Revākhan.d.a 155.98 and in the Angkor Vat Inscription, K. 299 (NIC
II–III, 56–163; see Sanderson 2003–04, 422, n. 269). Yugmagiri in Brahmayāmala
31.103, Brahmayāmala 32.42; Yamalaparvata occurs in the list of Mahānarakas
in the (Vietnamese) Hoà Lai stele inscription published by Griffiths & South-
worth 2011, 280, 283 (this part of the inscription should date to Śaka 700, AD
777/78), in the Śivadharmasam . graha 4.69, 74 and Śivadharmottara 7.765. Also
82
94
(95)
There are two mountains full of lions, tigers and other animals, as well
as men with raised weapons and trees without leaves but with adamant
thorns. In between there is a plain covered with adamant, unbreakable
needles, which is surrounded by dreadful men with swords in their hands.
The (two mountains) are encircled by an iron fence and covered by a net.
45 Here men are punished who have intercourse with a woman against her
will or with one who is the wife of another, 286 as well as those men who
violate virgins. And those men will go to the Yamalācala who appropriate
deposits, meat and alcohol, harm other people, offend the senses, wear
false insignes, who kill wild animals, eat meat that is left over (from a
funerary ceremony) (pr..s.thamām
. sa), who eat food that is not consecrated
(vr.thāmām
. sa), and those who poison food. 287 To that (hell) also goes the
unclean man who does not atone for the birth of a twin (yamala). 288
50 The one who has arrived there and is assaulted by those men mentioned
above and is cut by their swords, he flees to that mountain. There he
is mauled by tigers etc. Mauled by them, he climbs a tree, where he is
lacerated by sharp thorns and birds. If he then wishes to go to a cave or
hiding place, he is scorched by fire; afflicted by pains he turns back. If he
then reaches the intermediate space between those two (mountains), his
in, what according to Neuss is the ‘real’ Revākhan.d.a of the Skandapurān.a: once
in the singular (52.119), once in the dual (108.22); both in lists of hells (http://
gretil.sub.uni-goettingen.de/gretil/1_sanskr/3_purana/skprevku.htm). A
Yugmācala features in another Āgama list of hells: Mataṅgaparameśvara Vidyā-
pāda 23.79.
286 In SP 37.45c we have accepted parākyām . metri causa (instead of pārakyām . ).
287 MBh 12.186.13: yajus.āsam . skr.tam
. mām. sam. nivr.tto mām . sabhaks.an.āt | na bhaks.a-
yed vr.thāmām . sam. pr..s.thamām . sam. ca varjayet (cf. BrP 228.26). pr..s.thamām . sa
according to Nı̄lakan.t.ha’s commentary (ad loc. = MBh Bombay ed. 12.193.13)
is caramamām . sa, meat that is left over from a funerary ceremony (śrāddhaśes.a),
which seems to imply that it is eaten outside the ritual context (cf. MaS 5.31–32,
which declares that the eating of meat in a sacrificial context, including ancestor
rites, is allowed). Nı̄lakan.t.ha adduces the authority of Maheśvara’s Viśva(prakāśa):
pr..s.tham. caramamātre syāt iti viśvah. |. Alternatively, though less likely in our
view, one may understand pr..s.thamām . sa to be the meat of a pack, riding, or
draught animal. Ad MBh 13.96.16 (Bombay ed. 13.94.16) Nı̄lakan.t.ha glosses:
‘pr..s.thamām. sāni’ pr..s.thavāhānām. hayavr..sabhos..trādı̄nām
. mām. sāni. According to
Nı̄lakan.t.ha ad MBh 12.186.13, vr.thāmām . sa is meat that has not been consecrated
at all (asam . skr.tamām . sa), i.e. that does not serve any purpose (vr.thā). Cf. MaS
5.34: na tādr.śam . bhavaty eno mr.gahantur dhanārthinah. | yādr.śam . bhavati pretya
vr.thāmām . sāni khādatah. . We would like to thank James Fitzgerald, who drew
our attention to Nı̄lakan.t.ha’s interpretation.
288 This categorisation is, no doubt, suggested by the name of the hell, Yamalācala.
For the inauspiciousness of twins and the various (Vedic) rites of atonement at
their birth see Gonda 1980, 133. More in general, Meyer 1937 II, 165f. n. 3. Cf.
Umāmaheśvarasam . vāda 15.80 yamalau yatra jāyeta tadgr.ham . hy aśucir bhavet |
na tatra pitr.devāś ca homamantrakriyāpi ca .
83
95
(96)
84 Synopsis
feet are pierced by needles. The two mountains, when they see him being
broken and unable to get away, quickly roll towards him and squeeze him.
He undergoes that torture while crying pitifully, being squeezed by the
mountains as sugarcane in a press. Once he is mauled, broken, lacerated
and scorched, he receives another body. Tortured in this way for many
years he becomes extremely miserable. After he has reached the door he
goes forth and is thrown into the elevations. 289
38
Suśarman describes the hell Kūt.aśālmali (Śālmala). ( p. 257)
1 Suśarman announces that he will speak about the Naraka of the śālmalı̄
trees, where men with very bad karman go. 291 There are thousands of
śālmalı̄ trees, many yojanas high, having large thorns, O Pravareśvara. 292
They are fenced in by an iron wall and covered by a big net above. Men
with furious faces, armed with thunderbolts, hatchets and stones and
wielding swords and cudgels, are present there. These cruel men, whose
hands hold all sorts of weapons, torture their victims gruesomely. Cut
by Rāks.asas there, a man flees in every direction, suffering terribly, but
wherever he goes he is beaten up. When he falls into a hole, very strong
Rāks.asas get him and hew him down mercilessly, while they abuse the
villain, wherever he has fallen, and pronounce the evil he has committed
in the past. Then, when he stands up, broken, he goes to another region
set with needles and thorns, while being pursued by Rāks.asas.
289 The description pattern of this Yamalācala hell differs somewhat from that of the
hells following in the next chapters. From the latter it becomes clear that the
duration of each successive hell is increased by one hundred thousand years (see
SP 42.11). The second hell, Kūt.aśālmali, lasts two hundred thousand years. We
may infer from this that a stay in the Yamalācala is believed to last one hundred
thousand years, which number is indeed mentioned in SP 37.32.
290 SP 37.59 is a Aupacchandasaka–Cāruhāsinı̄. For this metre see the Introduction
(p. 12).
291 This is the Śālmala hell mentioned in SP 37.5, also named Kūt.aśālmali in SP
38.18 (also in MBh 13.112.81; MBh 18.2.25, NiTS Niśvāsamukha 4.99). MaS 4.90:
śālmalı̄m
. nadı̄m. For Parākhyatantra 5.27 see Goodall ad loc. (2004, p. 286 n. 506).
Cf. Kirfel 1967, 153.
292 Sukeśa addressed as Pravareśvara (see above n. 262 on p. 75).
84
96
(97)
10 There, tormented again by sharp needles and iron thorns, he falls down,
screaming of pain. And there too, Rāks.asas with weapons in their hands
attack him. If he flees into a tree, he is pierced by thorns and mutilated
by all sorts of instruments and iron-beaked birds. His ears, eyes, nose and
lips cut off, he falls onto the earth and his whole body is pierced by cruel
needles. Those wicked men who undergo these painful tortures, hear them
being proclaimed.
15 An arsonist, one who serves poisened (food), a sodomite, one who ejacu-
lates within a man; a poisoner, one who is selling meat, 293 one who travels
over sea, 294 a wicked one who keeps sweets to himself, 295 one who does
not revere a guest, or one who breaks his promises; a brahmin who ne-
glects the Veda, goes naked into the water (to bathe), a bard, 296 one who
conducts ceremonies for unworthy people, 297 and teaches Śūdras; and a
usurer, a miser, or one who sells Vedic knowledge. All these wicked men
go to the hell known as the Kūt.aśālmali.
19 After two hundred thousand years they are released and thrown upon an
elevation, where they find some relief for a brief period. They are thrown
into that hell until their evil has been consumed, just as is the case in the
other hells.
39
Suśarman describes the hell Kālasūtraka. ( p. 262)
. graha 4.43ab: agnidāhakarāś caiva vis.adā vis.abhaks.akāh. |. We

293 Cf. Śivadharmasam
take garadātr. as synonymous with vis.abhaks.akāh.. SP 38.15d may express two
evildoers, but could also be taken as referring to one, viz. he who sells tainted
meat.
294 See Arp 2000 (reviewed by von Hinüber in IIJ 50 (2007), 61f.).
295 Cf. ViS 45.27: mr..s.tāśy ekākı̄ vātagulmı̄, saying that such a person who eats sweets
without sharing, after staying in hell, will, when he eventually has obtained a
human birth again, suffer from a disease caused by a wind disorder (see Meulenbeld
1999–2002 IIa, 51).
296 A ghān..tika in ViS 45.25 is said to be reborn eventually, after hell, as a thief. The
ghan..tika/ghān..tika is a strolling ballad-singer or bard who carries a bell (AK 2.8.97).
He is classified among people with very low social status (cf. MBh 13 App. 1 No. 14
l. 215).
297 Cf. MaS 4.205–06.
298 The metre of the odd pādas of SP 38.21 is a Mālabhārin.ı̄ and of the even pādas
Viyoginı̄ (Vaitālı̄ya). For these metres see the Introduction (p. 12).
85
97
(98)
86 Synopsis
1 Suśarman continues with the third Naraka, the Kālasūtraka, which is

also encircled by a high wall and covered by an iron net. 299 All Nara-
kas are similarly covered and provided with elevations; no need to repeat
it. Wreched men who cause grief and fear are tortured there, as well
as those who traffic in women and cattle, 300 abuse their own Dharma and
brahmins, and the one who stealthly snatches away the learned books from
(his) teachers; the one who reviles his teacher, father, mother, father-in-
law, 301 elder brother or other respectable persons, who scolds them and
despises them, who violates hermitages and secrets, who takes what is not
given—he will go to that (hell).
7 Those wicked men who have fallen into this terrible hell are tortured by
order of Mr.tyu for the full three hundred thousand years, while they are
crying senselessly. The (extent of the) evil committed is measured again
and again with a black thread (kālasūtra) by those servants of Yama (Kim
.-
karas), and (proportionate parts of) their bodies are cut off, by blunt
weapons, day and night, without pause. 302 When the time is over, a man
moves on to the elevations. After some interruption, that man is thrown
in hell again, until all the evil committed by him is completely consumed.
40
Suśarman describes the hell named Kumbhı̄pāka. ( p. 265)
1 Suśarman continues with the description of the dreadful hell called ‘the
Marmite,’ Kumbhı̄pāka. 304 There are many iron pots (kumbhı̄), resembling
mountains of lamp-black, which are filled with oil and are heated above
299 For the Kālasūtra(ka) hell see e.g. MBh 14 App. 1 No. 4 l. 932, MaS 4.88, AK
1.11.2, Parākhyatantra 5.20; Kirfel 1967, 153.
300 Cf. BrP 150.9.
. graha 4.72cd (in the description of the Yamalaparvata hell):
ākrośayed yah. pitaram
. mātaram . gurum |.
. śvaśuram
302 See Goodall 2004, 284f. n. 500.
303 The metre of SP 39.10 is Aupacchandasaka–Cāruhāsinı̄. For this metre see the
Introduction (p. 12).
304 MBh 13.117.30. The Kumbhı̄pāka hell is not mentioned in the list of twenty-one,
but features in the list of 140 given in ŚiP Umāsam
. hitā 8.29 and several Āgamas
(Goodall 2004, 282f. n. 490); Parākhyatantra 5.16 (Kumbhapāka). Cf. Kirfel 1967,
155f.
86
98
(99)
fires. Dreadful Rāks.asas are busy striking terror into evildoers by pressing
them into those boiling pots again and again; they shriek horribly! He will
tell which people are boiled there for four hundred thousand years.
5 He who causes the ruin of one who prepares roasted or boiled food, he who
sets fire to houses, to woods, threshing floors or cow-pens, he who spoils
the cooking of food, hinders the eating (thereof), and who destroys or
sets fire to the sacrifice; the swindler and the false witness; he who builds
a fire altar, performs a fire sacrifice, or offers food with false motives,
and he who disgraces the Vedas; the villain who steals the implements
of the artisan; 305 all these people are tortured there. After they have
obtained some rest in an elevation, they fall once more into hell, until the
consumption (of their evil) is complete.
41
Suśarman describes the hell named Asipatravana. ( p. 268)
1 Suśarman continues with the description of the Naraka Asipatravana,

which inspires all beings with dread. 307 The trees there are called Asi-
patra; they are high, thick and have big branches. Their sharp leaves
(patra) resemble swords (asi), but, since they are not made of iron, they
surpass iron (swords). They exceed in cutting power on account of their
sharpness. These trees are full of those leaves and they have thorns as
well.
5 The people there, fettered by evil karman, are struck down by Raks.ases
with swords, clubs etc., and they are burnt by fire. They seek refuge in
those trees, but when the leaves see them coming, they fall and cut them
to pieces. Their heads and necks cut (off), they go away from that place,
(but) they are confronted with the Rāks.asas and the trees time and again.

. graha 4.55cd–56 (speaking of the Kumbhı̄-/Lohı̄-pāka hell):
haret kr..sn.āyasam
. yas tu karmakopaskaram . narah. | śilpinām
. ś caiva sarves.ām
.
karmayogopajı̄vinām | ye harantı̄ha bhān.d.āni lohı̄pāke narādhamāh. .
306 SP 40.10’s metre is Mālabhārin.ı̄ (except pāda b which is a Cāruhāsinı̄). For this
307 For the Asipatravana hell see e.g. MBh 13.112.81, MBh 18.2.23 (seen by
Yudhis.t.hira); MaS 4.90; Kirfel 1967, 152. For Buddhist sources see Van Put 2007,
220.
87
99
(100)
88 Synopsis
They are tortured there for five hundred thousand years; then they reach
the elevations. After a rest, they are pushed from the elevation into hell
again, helpless and stupefied, till their evil has been consumed.
10 The following people will go to that hell. The wicked one who cuts a tree
that is an adopted son, 308 either in a garden or village, and sells (its wood);
the man who causes a fully-grown tree to perish, wherever it stands, in a
hermitage, along the road or pond, in a garden or in a temple compound,
around a house, watering place, riverbank, or crossroads; the fool who
destroys trees, creepers, bushes, or grasses, for the sake of their shade-
giving (leaves), flowers or fruits, or to promote his own business; the fool
who picks their flowers and fruits for his own gain out of desire, not for
the sake of the gods or ancestors; the one who blocks offrivers and fills in
wells, the one who cuts a tree because of its foliage and bark, or makes it
perish; the one who expels people who are seated in the shade, or the one
who scares them offor hinders them in their own place. All these people
go to that great hell and its elevations; they return as impure beings to
the circle of rebirth after their release.
42
Suśarman describes the hell named Vaitaran.ı̄ River. ( p. 272)
308 A kr.taka is an adopted son. See MBh 13.49.18: kaścic ca kr.takah

. putrah. sam
. grahād
eva laks.yate | na tatra retah. ks.etram . vā pramān.am . syād yudhis..thira . Accord-
ing to the Śivadharmasam . graha 4.9–10, the one who destroys a putrakr.ta-tree is
said to go to the Śālmalı̄taruvana (cf. SP 38). The equivalence between a well-
maintained tree and a son is expressed in VDhP 3.297.13–15: eko ’pi ropito vr.ks.ah.
putrakāryakaro bhavet | devān prasūnaih. prı̄n.āti chāyayā cātithı̄m. s tathā phalair
manus.yān prı̄n.āti nārakyam. nāsti pādape | api pus. paphalair hı̄ne drume pānthasya
viśramah. chāyāyām
. stokakālena bahupun.yam . prayacchati | deve vars.ati yad vr.ks.āt
patrebhyah. sravate jalam . Cf. VarP 172.40, MtP 154.512. Trees are comparable
to sons (putravat), ViS 91.4: vr.ks.āropayitur vr.ks.āh. paraloke putrā bhavanti (cf.
Das 1988, 68). Childless women (or couples) are recommended to embrace a tree,
in particular the aśvattha and udumbara (MBh 3.115.23), and girls to kick one
(the aśoka tree) in order to make it flower (the dohada motif). See SP 12.3 and
annotation ad loc. In SPBh 158–62 Devı̄ adopts an aśoka tree as her son. Tree
worship is basically a fertility cult (Viennot 1954, 119f.; Meyer 1937 II, 133ff.).
309 The metre of SP 41.19 is a Mālabhārin.ı̄. For this metre see the Introduction (p. 12).
100
88
(101)
1 Suśarman continues with the next (hell), the River Vaitaran.ı̄, which de-
stroys evil and conveys fear to those with bad karman. The unholy Vai-
taran.ı̄ river, whose banks are cut by chisels, is full of hair, bones, blood,
and caustic fluids. 310 It is populated by all sorts of horrendous animals
like alligators and makaras. It is bordered by the asipatra trees and it is
overgrown by duckweed. On its banks is a terrifying forest, full of crea-
tures like śarabhas, bears, tigers, and men. Those who have commited
evil deeds are injured by these tigers etc., and are thrown into that river.
Stuck in the duckweed, they are eaten by those aquatic monsters, while
they are burnt by the acrid waters and scream with pain.
8 They are tortured for (six) hundred thousand years. 311 Then they are
thrown upon the elevations. After a rest, they are pushed from the el-
evation into hell again, helpless and stupefied, till their evil has been
consumed. 312 They return to the circle of rebirth and, having passed the
threshold of death, 313 they (fall) in these Narakas, over and over again.
310 In addition to a river in the Kuruks.etra area (the place Trivis.t.apa is situated on
its banks, MBh 3.81.70) and another one in Kaliṅga (where one finds the Viraja
Tı̄rtha, MBh 3.83.6)—the Pān.d.avas took a bath here and made an offering to
the ancestors (MBh 3.114.13)—the Mahābhārata identifies the Vaitaran.ı̄ with the
River Gaṅgā insofar as the latter flows in the realm of the ancestors (MBh 1.158.18–
19). It protects this realm from evildoers, who are said not to be able to cross
it. To this idea funerary rites are connected that are meant to enable the dying
or the dead to cross this river to reach that realm safely. This usually takes the
form of a godāna, a gift of a cow, sometimes also called Vaitaran.ı̄. The dying man,
or his son after death, donates a cow or calf to a brahmin while holding it by its
tail, symbolizing the crossing of this dreadful river (e.g. Kane IV, 133, 545). In
modern days this is still one of the most common rites performed by pilgrims in
tı̄rthas. Usually the cow or calf is provided by the pan . d.ā or river priest himself.
The yajamāna holds this cow by its tail, while mantras are uttered by the priest,
and then he pays the priest a fixed amount, in lieu of the cow, plus a daks.in.ā
(Bakker 1986 I, 156f.).
The Vaitaran.ı̄ as a river in hell is found also in the Mahābhārata. In his descent
into hell Yudhis.t.hira, before he arrives in the Asipatravana hell, dadarśos.n.odakaih.
pūrn.ām
. nadı̄m
. cāpi sudurgamām, which may be no other than the Vaitaran.ı̄ river
(cf. AK 1.11.2: pretā vaitaran.ı̄ sindhu). The Vaitaran.ı̄ as hell is found in the VāP
1.39.148, 169 and Bd.P 3.2.149, 171 (WG 191 ff . vss. 4, 26), andParākhyatantra 5.29
(Kirfel 1967, 148, 151). For Buddhist sources see Van Put 2007, 221 (= Ks.ārodakā
Nadı̄ or ‘Caustic River’).
311 SP 42.8b is out of context (cf. SP 42.9d). This pāda may have been lost or cor-
rupted at a very early stage of the transmission and was subsequently filled in with
the present formulaic phrase. Based on this assumption we adopted the reading
of S2 and S3 in pāda a, since the variant reading of pāda a in S1 forms a complete
sentence, giving the impression of a secondary emendation. The original pāda b
may have included the words .sat. and yātyante/yātitās similar to the wordings in
SP 40.4ab, SP 41.8ab and SP 43.5ab.
312 SP 42.9 is identical to SP 41.9.
313 SP 42.10c tı̄rn . o ’ntam literally ‘one who has crossed death,’ i.e. ‘after death’
(pātyate is to be supplied). The expression is not known from other texts.
101
89
(102)
90 Synopsis
The duration of the stay in each successive hell increases with one hundred
thousand years, and in the successive elevations with a thousand. 314
12 Here follows a list of the beings who go to that terrible hell. He who
curses a river or treats it with contempt, enters it nakedly, has intercourse
with a woman there, spits in it, or passes urine or defecates therein; 315
he who withholds water meant for public fields, gardens, or for drinking,
who breaks up a dam, a tank, or spoils a lotus-pond; and he who violates
a woman, whether she is chaste or not; he who steals a lotus or destroys
one, and one who threatens his trade companions, either on their journey
or at home. All these wicked men go to that dreadful hell.
43
Suśarman describes the hell named Ayoghana. ( p. 276)
1 Suśarman announces that he will speak of another Naraka, named the

‘Sledgehammer’ (Ayoghana). 317 Here live those frightful, very powerful
men who resemble Yama, his servants (Kim . karas), who are all masters of
yoga (yogeśvara). Like blacksmiths grasp a ball of iron that is heated in
the fire with tongs, place it on an iron anvil and strike it with other (iron)
hammers, so are people there crushed by intimidating Rāks.asas. They
are tortured in this way for seven hundred thousand years, owing to their
own karman, and similarly they suffer torture on the elevations.
6 The following wretched people will go to that hell and its elevations. He
who kicks his father, mother or a respectable person with his foot, or an-
other man or woman with his hand or a whip, as well as he who disrespects
314 SP 42.10–11 seem to belong to a general description of the hells (note the unspeci-
fied es.u narakes.u in SP 42.10cd), rather than to this specific hell Vaitaran.ı̄. Verses
SP 42.8–11 as a whole may replace an original reading that had been lost right at
the start.
315 NiTS Guhyasūtra 4.119: krimayaś caiva bhaks.yante bhūmihartāro mānavāh .|
mūtroccāram
. tu toyes.u kr.tvā vaitaran . patet . Cf. Śivadharmasam
. ı̄m . graha 4.81–
82ab.
316 The metre of SP 41.17 is Viyoginı̄ (Vaitālı̄ya). For this metre see the Introduction
(p. 12).
317 No other textual attestations have been found of this Ayoghana Naraka. Iron
pellets (ayogud.a) are important implements of torture in Buddhist hells (Van Put
2007, 209ff.).
102
90
(103)
a mendicant or the (sacrificial) fire; he who let die a child, woman, man,
a eunuch or other for profit; the wicked one who deceives his brothers for
some gain, or his father, mother or sister; a husband who deceives his wife
and sons, 318 or the wife who wrongs her husband and sons—the destina-
tion of (all) of them is this (hell). This is also proclaimed for those who
defile temple images, holy places, knowledge, and holy sciences.
44
Suśarman describes the hell named Padma. ( p. 279)
1 Suśarman announces that he will speak of another (hell) named Padma,

which strikes terror into evildoers. 320 In it is a fire, which is called
‘the scorching one;’ it burns like a furnace. Again and again, men are
grilled there, while they glow like fire and wither like the petals of a lotus
(padma). 321 In the middle stands an iron pillar, which they embrace; it
is even worse than fire. 322 The following people go straight to that (hell)
and are incessently tortured in this way, also on the elevations.
5 He who commits adultery with his teacher’s wife or steals his property;
the one who constantly consumes and destroys matters that belong to the
gods, or one who steals property belonging to brahmins, 323 or children,
√
318 atisam
. -dhayet in SP 43.10b is an irregular form of dhā (3), probably caused by
√
confusion with dhe (1), ‘to suck, drink, absorb.’
319 The metre of SP 43.12b and d is Mālabhārin.ı̄ (Aupacchandasaka); SP 43.12a and
c add an extra aks.ara in the Aupacchandasaka cadence ( ˘ ˘ ˘ ). For this
320 The Padma hell is mentioned in Śivadharmottara 7.752, Parākhyatantra 5.12 and
in the list of 140 hells presented in Kirfel 1967, 154f. According to Sanderson
(2003–04, 422 n. 270), this hell is also mentioned in the NiTS Niśvāsamukha (f.
17v6–18r1). It figures among the 32 hells that are depicted in the bas-relief on the
wall of the eastern section of the southern gallery of the great temple of Angkor
Vat (Sanderson 2003-04, 422 n. 269). The Buddhist tradition also knows a hell
under this name (Van Put 2007, 224). The Abhidharmakośabhās.ya 3.59cd, for
instance, refers to the Padma hell as being cold.
√
321 dhāmyamāna in SP 44.2f is the causative passive of dham, instead of the more
√
common dhmāpyamāna, derived from the alternative dhmā (to blow, to fan;
caus.: to melt, to consume by fire (MW)); cf. SP 45.3d.
322 The iron pilar is mentioned as a separate hell in Parākhyatantra 5.15.
323 In MBh 13.104 a can . d.āla speaks of the consequences of stealing cows from brah-
mins. See below n. 328 on p. 92.
103
91
(104)
92 Synopsis
or women (strı̄dhana), or has it appropriated by force; one who deserts

the timorous, or kills a refugee, 324 or desires his property, or steals temple
property; 325 one who eats everything, 326 sells water, 327 or soma, 328 destroys
(sacrificial) fires; one who wields arson or poison or, in battle, kills a man
who has lost his weapon, who begs (for his life), who has sunken down
(upavis..ta), who is fleeing, or who is negotiating. 329 All these deranged
minds go to that (hell).
45
Suśarman describes the hell named Mahāpadma. ( p. 282)
1 Suśarman announces that he will speak of Mahāpadma, another hell, in

which live these horrific servants of Yama. 331 They cut up evildoers with
blunt swords, without mercy, and confer their flesh on them. 332 After
324 For SP 44.7b compare MBh 12.145.8f. and MBh 13.98.11d.

325 It may concern ‘those who steal flowers, who pluck flowers from the garden of a Śiva
[temple],’ as this is specified in the inscription that is connected to the depiction
of the Padma hell on the great Angkor Vat temple (Sanderson 2003–04, 423).
326 Eating everything (i.e. especially non-vegetarian) is a feature of the Śūdra in MBh
12.182.7c and of the Mleccha in MBh 3.188.52ab. In MBh 3.186.27c the fact that
some Brāhman.as are sarvabhaks.a is seen as a symptom of the Kaliyuga (cf. MBh
12.279.24a). Cf. SPBh 111.16cd–19cd.
327 The idea may be that water should be offered to a guest or anyone who is in need
of it, and not sold.
328 The Somavikrayin is included among the evil doers going to the Padma hell in NiTS
Guhyasūtra 4.74c. The idea may be that soma that remains from the sacrificial
ceremony cannot be sold. In MBh 13.104.5–6 a can . d.āla tells that once impurity
from cows that had been stolen from a brahmin had spoiled soma. Those who
drank from that soma went straight to hell (MBh 13.104.5–6). Therefore soma
should not be sold. Those who purchase or sell soma go to the Raurava hell (MBh
13.104.12–13). The seller of Soma also occurs in SPBh 158.33a, in a passage that
explains how ancestors in hell may be released.
329 For the rules of war see Arthaśāstra 13.4.52; cf. Bakker 2007a, 31ff.
330 The metre of SP 44.11 is Mālabhārin.ı̄ (Aupacchandasaka). For this metre see the
Introduction (p. 12).
331 The Mahāpadma hell is mentioned in the NiTS Niśvāsamukha 4.103 (= f. 17v6–
18r1, Sanderson 2003-04, 422 n. 270), Śivadharmottara 7.754, and Parākhyatantra
5.12. It features in Buddhist sources (Van Put 2007, 224), and this hell is among
the 32 hells that are depicted in Angkor Vat (Sanderson 2003-04, 422 n. 269).
332 The Śivadharmottara 7.848 also refers to Yama’s servants cutting the flesh of
inhabitants of hell and feeding it to them (cf. Śivadharmasam . graha 7.68).
104
92
(105)
having been fed their own flesh, they become like lotus (padma) petals
and wither in the fire, day and night. The horrific servants of Yama open
their mouths and pour melted iron into them. Women infused with iron
and men glowing like fire meet and embrace: they melt, again and again.
There are many trees there to which these unhappy ones take refuge, but
even these pour down fire. And there are many rocks, which, when they
embrace them, are like fire and burn them terribly. Such is the Mahāpa-
dma hell.
8 A thief of gold, the man who has intercourse with his mother, or a mother
who has it with her son, the one who spreads falsehoods regarding the
Veda, the selfish one, and the one who pays respect to mendicants; 333 the
man of low birth who hears or propounds the śruti , and the fool who
harasses or disdains brahmins; and the one who, though he is not entitled
to it, hears from brahmins and proclaims secret doctrines that belong to
the hermitage; and the heretic mendicants, Nirgranthas and Ājı̄vakas—as
well as the brahmin who supports them: to hell they go. 334
12 The wicked one who reviles yoga, the ancestors, the masters of yoga and
the Yoga doctrine, and the fool who loves to ridicule those who are experts
of the Veda and of the system of social rank and station; the rationalist
(Hetuka) and the atheist (Nāstivādin)—all go to that (hell). 335 This is
the truth. They who have been tortured there in the way described as the
result of their own actions, they will be born again as worms etc., due to
what remains of their (bad) karma.
333 For śravan

. a (SP 45.8f) see below ad SP 45.11.
334 The word śravan . a in SP 45.8f and SP 45.11a may be used synonymously with
śraman.a (cf. the reading of S2pc in SP 45.8f). This probably refers to Buddhist men-
dicants as distinguished from the Nirgranthas, used mostly to denote the Jainas,
and the Ājı̄vakas. SP 45.11ab thus seems to refer to the three major heterodox
religions of India of the time. Nowhere else in the Skandapurān.a are these reli-
gions alluded to again, but SP 48.10 refers to the followers of the false doctrine
of Kapila, i.e. the Sām. khyas. It goes against the style of the SP, which tends to
ignore all historical reality as much as possible, in particular if it contradicts the
timeless Śaiva universe that is presented. The fact that this reference occurs here
may point to the fact that these chapters dealing with hells have a background
different from the main portion of the text (see also below n. 343 on p. 95 and n. 362
on p. 99, SP 46.10, SP 49.21).
335 Cf. SP 48.10e which refers to the Nāstikas.
336 The metre of SP 45.15 is Mālabhārin.ı̄ (Aupacchandasaka). For this metre see the
Introduction (p. 12). For daivavidhi (SP 45.15b) compare MBh 12.139.13, where
it seems to mean something like ‘natural/fateful course of events.’
105
93
(106)
94 Synopsis
46
Suśarman describes the hell named Raurava. ( p. 286)
1 Suśarman describes the hell named Raurava. 337 This hell is named raurava
because of the frightening sound of ru which is heard there again and
again. 338 It is filled with blazing dung and in its centre is a red-hot iron
pillar. 339 A man, plunged into this (hell), burns terribly while he is sinking
in (the dung), shouting of pain, fainting and collapsing, again and again.
After he has raised himself with great pains, he reaches another spot, only
to sink again in the same way. When he has struggled out and taken
refuge at the pillar, he is burnt by that as well. When he breaks away
from it, he goes down again. In this way he is tortured for many years;
eventually he reaches the elevations.
8 The men who go there are teachers of the law who are given to drinking, 340
killers of father, mother, brother or guru; the wicked one who slaughters
a cow or oppresses people, a throat-cutter, a cheater and a sorcerer; 341 an
unmarried man whose younger brother is married, a married man whose
elder brother is unmarried, 342 and one who is attached to the cremation
337 The Raurava hell belongs to the oldest group of hells and is mentioned in nearly
all sources in which hells are described or enumerated (MaS 4.88, AK 1.11.1, NiTS
Niśvāsamukha 4.104, Parākhyatantra 5.12, Śivadharmasam . graha 4.49–60; Kirfel
1967, 147ff.; Sanderson 2003–04, 422). MBh 13.104.12–13 tells us that those who
purchase or sell soma go to the Raurava hell (see above n. 328 on p. 92). It is one
of the eight ‘hot hells’ that develop out of the single Mahāniraya hell in Buddhist
cosmology (Van Put 2007, 209f.).
√
338 The etymology (nirukti) refers to the ru, ‘to roar,’ and the nominal root stem ru-
and vowel stem rava-, meaning ‘sound/roar (of fear).’ Cf. Liṅgayasūrin’s commen-
tary ad AK 1.11.1: ruh. duh.kham . , tasya ravo ’treti rauravah.; the Parākhyatantra
√
5.16cd refers to rud (‘to weep’): rudantah. prān.ino yatra niks.ipyante sa rauravah..
339 Cf. Śivadharmasam . graha 4.51.
340 An alternative interpretation of SP 46.8b takes surāpādharmadeśakāh. as refer-
ring to two categories of wicked men. Either as a case of double sandhi: surā-
pāh. adharmadeśakāh., or as a dvanda compound of surāpa and adharmadeśakāh.:
‘drinkers of liquor and teachers of unlawful practices.’
341 SP 46.9cd galakarttr. seems not to be attested elsewhere. It may have a figurative
meaning (such as ‘bloodhound’); kūt.amānin must be someone who makes a living
by measuring fraudulently (kūt.amāna; cf. MBh 3.186.46), i.e. a cheat. According
to the Śivadharmasam . graha 4.75 a kūt.amānopajı̄vin goes to the Kūt.aśālmali hell.
karman.a may be synonymous with kārman.a, ‘magic.’
342 For parivitti and parivettr. see AK 7.55–56 (cf. MBh 12.35.4). According to MaS
3.172 both go to hell. Kane II, 546: ‘When a male got married before his el-
der brother or where a person married a younger girl before her elder sister was
married, this act was called parivedana and was severely condemned as a serious
encroachment on the rights of seniority and a sin.’
106
94
(107)
ground; 343 one who has (social) intercourse with the son of a remarried
woman, 344 and one in whose house a paramour (of his wife) resides; all
these go to the Raurava hell.
47
Suśarman describes the hell named Mahāraurava. ( p. 289)
1 Suśarman describes the hell named Mahāraurava. 346 Here are springs,
ponds, dung glowing like gold, and streams brimming with fire; and there
are many iron pillars, thorny trees and all sorts of Rāks.asas with sharp
weapons. In this hell a man who has committed a great evil falls, defigured
and crying incessently.
3 After his skull is cracked by Rāks.asas, a man is roasted here in the blazing
dung. Then, in order to cool down, he dives into a pond, in which his
pain is doubled by caustic liquid. After he has emerged hastily, he climbs
a tree or a pillar, where he is pierced by sharp thorns and iron needles.
He then falls in a stream of fire, crying pitifully. Tortured in this way
and tormented by thirst, he resorts to a spring to drink, but this too
pours forth red-hot, molten iron. Stupified he dies. When his torture
is completed, he is released from this fearful (hell), but is subsequently
tortured terribly on the elevations.
343 This is another indication that these chapters on the hells come from another, non-
Pāśupata background (see also below ad SP 49.21, n. 362 on p. 99). SP 9.8, SP
14.13, and SPBh 72.95 call Śiva śmaśānarati. Cf. HV App. 1 No. 31 l. 1085, VāP
1.24.137. Kauśika is initiated in the cremation ground of Ujjain (SPS 167.126–28).
See also above n. 334 on p. 93 and below n. 352 on p. 97.
344 Cf. MaS 3.155. punarbhūsuta is paunarbhava, son of a remarried woman (for the
varieties see Kane II, 608ff.).
(p. 12).
346 The Mahāraurava belongs, together with the Raurava hell, with which it is often
mentioned in one compound, to the oldest group of hells and is mentioned in nearly
all sources in which hells are described or enumerated (MaS 4.88, AK 1.11.1, NiTS
Niśvāsamukha 4.104, Parākhyatantra 5.16; Śivadharmasam . graha 4.88–97. Kirfel
1967, 149ff.; Sanderson 2003–04, 422). MBh 13 App. 1 No. 15 ll. 2699f. tells us
that the suffering in this hell is twice as great as in the Raurava hell. Buddhist
sources also group the Mahāraurava with the Raurava hell (Van Put 2007, 2009).
107
95
(108)
96 Synopsis
10 To this hell go: the regicide, the one who behaves disrespectfully towards
the queen, the one who gives false hope, who spoils a holy place, a thief,
a traitor, a pimp, and one who obstructs an offering to a brahmin, cow,
or sacrificial fire; he who sells his wife or children, he who steals sacrificial
implements or something belonging to yogins; the perpetrator of frauds
and his mates, the (corrupt) brahmin and the (corrupt) administrator, 347
and the brahmin who does not maintain the sacrificial fires but keeps a
brown cow, 348 the sanctimonious sacrificer and the one who does not give
food in regular rituals; the one who carries offa prince and the one who
plans a famine or harm against a country, woman or property, and the
one who always seeks to inflame a country.
48
Suśarman describes the hell named Tamas. ( p. 293)
1 Suśarman describes the hell named Tamas. 350 When a man is falling into
it, he is cut up by very cruel Rāks.asas with all sorts of weapons like swords
etc., so that he senselessly, engulfed by darkness, arrives in that hell. His
body broken and his figure paralysed, he undergoes terrible torture. That
hell is called Tamas, because a man undergoes the most horrific torture
there without respite, while he is engulfed by darkness (tamas). The fool
undergoes there all tortures known, as a consequence of his own evil.
When he has suffered the torture in requital for his deeds, he undergoes
further torment on the elevations.
347 coragrāha (SP 47.13a) may be equivalent to cauryagrāha, someone who seizes
through theft or fraud. brāhman.ādhikr.ta and dharmādhikr.ta seem to refer to of-
ficials. Sircar 1966 (Indian Epigraphical Glossary) s.v. dharmādhikārin gives: ‘an
officer in charge of civil and criminal justice.’
348 The idea seems to be that a brahmin is only entitled to have a cow, if he uses the
milk for sacrificial purposes.
(p. 12).
350 The Tamas hell belongs to Kirfel’s ‘erste Gruppe’ (Kirfel 1967, 149). Manu knows
only the Tāmisra hell (MaS 4.88). Parākhyatantra 5.12, 17 describes the Tamas
hell. The NiTS Niśvāsamukha 4.104 (f. 17v6–18r1) knows the hells named Śı̄ta-
tamas and Andhatamas. The Angkor Vat inscription seems to read Śı̄ta and
Sāndratamas (Sanderson 2003–04, 422 n. 269f.); cf. Parākhyatantra 5.15: Andha-
tāmasa.
108
96
(109)
8 A brahmin killer, an abortionist, a brahmin who drinks liquor, the wretch

who prevents thirsty cattle from drinking and the blind one who, when an
appeal is made to him, does not give an emaciated brahmin (his share), 351
or the one who turns down the needy; the one who destroys the sciences,
the man—as said in the (orthodox) tradition (smr.ta)—who kills a cow,
or follows the false doctrine of Kapila, 352 or who abuses the Vedic, lawful
and material order, as well as the bad atheists (Nāstika)—these (all) go
to that (hell).
49
Suśarman describes the hell named Tamastamatara followed by a listing of evil doers
who have to go through all hells. ( p. 296)
1 Suśarman describes the hell named Tamastamatara (‘darker than dark’),

where light does not exist. When a vicious man falls into it, he is bereft
of his senses by Rāks.asas, and therefore that (hell) is also called ‘dark’
(tamas). 354 That fool is burnt by fire. When he has died and is quickly
351 Cf. MBh 13.25.5.

352 As is pointed out above (p. 21) and by Yokochi in her Introduction in Skanda-
purān.a Vol. III, 67ff., our text regularly uses taddhita formation without vr.ddhi
of the first syllable. The manuscript evidence of SP 48.10a strongly suggests that
kapilaś here is a case in point. The followers of Kapila, the Kāpilas, are those
who adhere to the Sām . khya system (see e.g. MBh 12.211.9–11). This is another
instance of historicity that seems specific to these chapters on the hells (see above
n. 334 on p. 93). Moreover, although the Pāśupatas look down on the Sām . khyas
as inferior, they usually do not condemn them, since their philosophy is partly
acknowledged (see Hara 1973 in: Hara 2002, 17–31). SPBh 172.59–66 tells that
the Daitya Prahlāda turns to Āsuri, the pupil of Kapila, and thus becomes the
Sām. khya ācārya Pañcaśikha, who, thanks to the Sām. khyasiddhānta, transcends
the threefold suffering and reaches brahman (cf. SPBh 175.30–34). The declaration
of the Sām
. khya as a false doctrine here seems to be one more indication that these
hell chapters have a non-Pāśupata background (see above n. 343 on p. 95).
(p. 12).
354 The Tamastamatara hell is not known from other sources. The nirukti given is
not that of tamastamatara, but of tamas. The Tamastamatara hell, however, is
listed as a separate (13th) hell in SP 37.8 (cf. SP 50.33, where a Tamas hell is
distinguished from an earlier Tamas hell in SP 50.30a). As in the case of the
Padma and the Mahāpadma, and the Raurava and Mahāraurava, the Tamas and
Tamastamatara hells are to be considered as a pair. These three pairs are added
109
97
(110)
98 Synopsis
restored to life, being bereft of his eyesight and senses, he is cleft and
cut into pieces by Rāks.asas. Tormented like this he resorts to another
place, but there he is captured again by those (Rāks.asas) and slaughtered
like cattle. Then he is thrown into pits, where he drowns in fiery dung
and loses consciousness; groaning, 355 he resuscitates. After having thus
experienced many pains, he reaches the end of (this) hell and is thrown
upon the elevations.
7 The abortionist, the servant who desires the kingdom (thinking) that the
incumbent king is undeserving and wants to kill him; the one who, while
not being a learned master, acts like one, the one who acts destructively in
respect of the sciences, spells, herbs, along with the remedies for diseases,
or whoever praises the Dānavas; the teacher who does not give instruction
because of enmity—such a man goes to that terrible dark hell. 356
10 After having got hold of an ungrateful person (kr.taghna), all those Nara-
kas and servants of Yama bow to Yama and say: ‘O Lord, we are unable
to annihilate this evil; design another means.’ Yama asks the foremost of
the seers how there could be a requital for the evil deed of the wicked,
ungrateful one, in view of the dreadfulness thereof. Then the clairvoyant 357
seers tell Yama that requital of the brahmin killer, liquor drinker, thief,
and breaker of vows is ordained by holy men, but for the ungrateful one
there is no requital.
16 Then this son of the sun (Mārtan.d.atanaya) 358 orders the Narakas: ‘All
of you (together) should cleanse this man; there is not a single destina-
tion for him.’ Thereupon the Narakas torture this evildoer in all hells in
succession, most gruesomely. 359
18 The person who withholds the pin.d.a offerings from the husband or from
the ancestors, 360 and the one who gains (magic) knowledge from (a brah-
to the seven hells that open the series given in SP 37.5–8. The idea of seven hells
conforms to the concept of the Cosmic Egg with its seven lokas, pātālas, etc. The
three additional pairs of hells seem to be an accretion or afterthought.
√
355 SP 49.5d nis.kūjan ( kūj) in the meaning of ‘groaning’ on the battlefield in Rām.
6.22.28.
356 Here ends the description of the last of the thirteen hells, the Tamastamatara. The
rest of this chapter deals with the hells in general and the ungrateful ones, who go
to all of them.
357 For dı̄rghen. a caks.us.ā in SP 49.14b see Rām. 3.31.9.
358 Mārtan.d.a, the Sun, is not as such named again in the Skandapurān.a, nor is Yama
again called his son.
359 In the following specification of the ungrateful ones (SP 49.18–21) we may rec-
ognize, broadly speaking, those who do not redeem the three debts, viz., to the
ancestors (SP 49.18ab), the sages (SP 49.18cd) and the gods (SP 49.21ab) (cf.
Kane II, 560f.), to which the debt to society as a whole (SP 49.19–20) may be
added.
360 Cf. BrP 215.128cd–129ab.
110
98
(111)
min) but does not provide (him) with a sacrificial fee; a man who, though
having been nurtured by them, does not attend on his kinsmen or ruins
them, who speaks ill of a benefaction or does not fulfil a wish (of the bene-
factor), who does not remember a benefaction, and one who violates the
social conditions; the one who does not sustain (his) bearers, dependants,
benefactors, devoted servants, and those who are doing services (for him),
who is witty at his wife’s and workmen’s expense, and the one who says:
‘No gift, no offering whatsoever to him’ 361—all of them Manu and the
seers call ‘ungrateful.’ 362 The ungrateful person, the rogue, the atheist
(Nāstika) whose doubts are not cut through, all go to these (hells) that
have been described.
23 The generator, the preceptor, the one who bestows knowledge, the one who
rescues from danger and the one who gives food, these are traditionally
known as ‘the five fathers’; 363 he who slanders them, is indignant to them,
who harms or forsakes them; the one who injures a friend or spreads his
defects, he who is not kind to one who has rendered a service—all these
evil men devoted to sin arrive at the hells due to their evil deeds. All
those that have been described go to the great hells; the other sinners go
to the elevations only.
28 śrutiphala.
√
361 SP 49.21b amus.min, an anonymous. hutam
. ( hu, ‘to pour an oblation (into the
fire)’) suggests that a deity is meant.
362 This seems to be a reference to the legendary author of the (Mānava) Sūtra litera-
ture belonging to the Maitrāyan.ı̄ya branch of the Black Yajurveda and the Dharma
literature (the Manusmr.ti), viz., Manu Svāyambhuva (cf. MBh 1.111.31). It is ex-
ceptional that authority is given to an alleged source that is outside the Śaiva or
Puranic domain. It may again indicate that these chapters on hells do not come
from the Pāśupata environment of the composers of the Skandapurān.a, but stem
from an orthodox Smārta milieu (cf. above n. 343 on p. 95). In the Manusmr.ti the
ungrateful person is ranked among the great sinners (MaS 4.214, MaS 8.89, MaS
11.191), but he or his punishment is not further specified, as our text suggests.
363 For SP 49.23 see Sternbach’s Cān . akya-nı̄ti-text-tradition (Hosiarpur 1963–70), Vol.
II.2, No. 381: janitā copanetā ca yas tu vidyām . prayacchati | annadātā bhayatrātā
pañcaite pitarah. smr.tāh. Cf. Vallabha ad Raghuvam . śa 1.24: yata uktam | annadātā
bhayatrātetyādi, discussed by Goodall and Isaacson 2003, 272. A similar verse in
MBh 13 App. 1 No. 15 ll. 3032f.: jyes..tho bhrātā narendraś ca mātulah. śvaśuras
tathā | bhayatrātā ca bhartā ca guravas te prakı̄rtitāh. . The conjunction of annada
and bhayatrātr. is also found in MBh 5 App. 1 No. 4 ll. 15–16.
99
111
(112)
100 Synopsis
50
Suśarman describes the series of rebirths of those who are released from the hells.
( p. 302)
1 Suśarman continues. He will tell about the wandering through the cycle
of rebirth of those who have escaped from Naraka. Those wretches who
were in the first hell, they will be born as worms, due to what remains of
their karman. After a hundred thousand (births) as worms, they become
monkeys and then hyenas. When, after having repeatedly been reborn
there, they are eventually born as cows and stay at that station for a
hundred births; then they become human beings of vile births. If they do
not commit an offence again, they attain to an auspicious social status
(jāti) and will not relapse into awful rebirths.
6 Those who are released from the second (hell) are born again as maggots
during six hundred thousand (births). Then, after a million births, they
are born as fishes for the same period. Then they become tigers, bears
and cows. Next they are born as human beings, but vile ones on account
of their karman.
9 Those who are released from the third (hell) are freed from that (bad)
karman, but enveloped by the remainder (of it), they are born again as
maggots in six hundred thousand births and then, after again another mil-
lion (births), they become birds for the same period, before they become
lions, snakes, cows and human beings. From the fourth (hell) they all
become maggots in eight hundred thousand (births), and then again for
another one million and six hundred thousand births. Then they become
wild animals. After wild animals they become donkeys, then goats, gayals,
cows, after which they finally reach the station of human beings. From
the fifth (hell) they all become maggots in a hundred thousand (births),
then elephants, camels, horses, cows and (finally) human beings. Freed
from the sixth (hell), they become first maggots in two hundred thousand
(births), and then a louse, a fish, and a pig; after having been a buffalo,
from the cattle station one becomes a human being. When human, one is
born vile and depraved.
18 Released from the seventh (hell) one first becomes a maggot during three
hundred thousand (births) and then, after having reached the station of
trees for a similar period, one becomes a creeper, a bush, after which one is
born as an elephant; after having been a cow, one becomes a human being.
From the eighth (hell) one becomes a maggot in four hundred thousand
(births); then, after having been born as a herb, plant and grass, and
having been a cow, one is born as a vile man. Released from the ninth
100
112
(113)
(hell), one is born as a maggot in five hundred thousand (rebirths), then

as a bird, a fish, reptile, dog, (all) for the same period; then one becomes a
364
Kim. nara, from Kim . nara a cow, and thereafter a human being. Released
from the tenth (hell) one becomes a maggot in six hundred thousand
(births) and then one becomes a monkey; from monkey a wild cock, a
crow, a pheasant, a tree-splitter (?), 365 cat, ant, cow—each for the same
long period—and then a human being.
28 Released from the Mahāraurava hell, there are first seven hunded thousand
births as a maggot, then one attains a birth as a fish; then dog, ass,
bhaināśin, 366 parrot, cow, before one becomes a hermaphrodite. Released
from the Tamas hell one will go through eight hundred thousand births
as a worm in excrement; then one is born as a dog, and a cakravāka bird,
again and again; after having become a frog, one is reborn as a bird or wild
animal; and then one is born as a Kim . nara, leopard, śarabha, cow, and
finally one attains the status of a human being. Released from the Tamas
hell, 367 one is born as a maggot in nine hundred thousand births. Then
one becomes a crow, a bird of prey, a vulture and an owl. Then again one
becomes a tree, a shrub, a deer, a cow, and human being. Having been
born in that womb and died (there?) a hundred thousand times, one is
reborn as a depraved and reviled man. 368
37 When one is born here (on earth) after having been in all these hells, then
one will pass through the entire cycle of rebirth. When he attains to the
status of a human being in the course of time, he will again and again be
born in a vile position. Due to his own karman, this bad fellow will be
born as a being who is unwanted, miserable, depraved and misshapen. 369
364 In view of its position between dog and cow, we should think here of a Kim
. nara
as a being that is half horse, half human. Vallabhadeva ad Kumārasambhava 1.11
identifies the aśvamukhyas (in 11d) as Kim . narı̄s. Of Kim
. naras he says that they
are of two types: kim . narān.ām
. hi dve rūpe: kecid aśvamukhāh. purus.aśarı̄rāh. kecid
manus.yamukhā aśvaśarı̄rā iti |.
365 SP 50.27a vr.ks.adāraka literally means a ‘tree-splitter.’ Probably a woodpecker is
meant, synonymous with vr.ks.akut..taka (Dave 1985, 119ff.).
366 SP 50.29b bhaināśin meaning unclear, probably a kind of parakeet. SuŚ Sūtra-
sthāna 46.67–71 lists the species belonging to the pratuda group of animals/birds.
In the list bhedāśin is mentioned immediately before śuka (parrot). Meulenbeld
1999–2002, Vol. Ib, 343 n. 554: ‘The same as the putraśuka according to D . alhan.a,
but some regard it as the bhekāśin. P. Rāy et al. (1980): Palaornis torquatus, the
small parakeet. [. . . ] K.N. Dave (1985: 144) regards bhedāśin and putraśuka as
names for the Indian loriquet.’
367 The Tamastamatara hell may be meant; see above n. 354 on p. 97.
368 The meaning of SP 50.35d–36 is not completely clear. It is possible to interpret
tatra garbhe sa vai mr.tah. as refering to stillborn children.
369 Hereafter S1 inserts two verses (10 pādas) (accepted in Bhat.t.arāı̄’s edition), in
which the rebirth is mentioned of people who are hostile towards the brahminical
values.
101
113
(114)
102 Synopsis
Suśarman concludes the exposition to his son of the true nature of the
Narakas, their succession, interruption, and respective conditions.
51
Sukeśa thinks of Rudra as the only possible saviour of those beings who live in hell.
He goes to the ocean to practise the japa of ‘rudras.’ Worried by the heating up of the
world, Brahmā and the gods ask Śiva to grant Sukeśa his wishes. Śiva does so and all
inhabitants of hell are saved. Śiva returns to Mount Mandara. ( p. 309)
1 Sanatkumāra relates that Sukeśa becomes very sad, when he reflects on

that destination (of hell) for (all those) people as told by his father. When
he, thus engulfed by anxiety, is not able to devise a means of liberating
them and remains silent, the ancestors speak to him as follows. ‘Why are
you so concerned, while the Lord is present? This is not your fate.’ Sukeśa
answers that he is pondering upon a means of liberating those people from
the pain that is caused by their karman. The ancestors answer that there
is no liberation for them but through ‘destruction’ of the karman com-
mitted here on earth by oneself, that the ‘destruction’ is (only) through
‘consumption,’ and that for them ‘consumption’ is inevitably ordained (to
take place) in hell. Those hells cannot be overcome without the destruc-
tion of karman. A wise man does not embark upon matters that cannot
be done, just like crossing the ocean leads toward death. 371
9 Full of love, (Sukeśa) answers his ancestors: ‘You should not underestimate
me, (your) son. What power do I have to rescue those people by way of
force, O “sons”? I shall save them with the help of Mahādeva’s grace! All
those desperate people who stay in hell shall be brought to safety in the
same way as you have been saved.’
12 Having thus addressed them, the Gan.anāyaka enters the ocean and, stand-
ing in its waters, he begins the japa of ‘rudras,’ pure at heart, immovable
and well concentrated. 372 Due to the tapas practised by him, the entire
universe is heated up. The gods ask Brahmā how it is possible that they
370 The metre of SP 50.43 is a Vam

. śastha (Jagatı̄).
371 Crossing an ocean cannot be done without putting oneself at great risk. For the
orthodox abhorrence of seafaring see Arp 2000.
372 See ad SP 35.16.
102
114
(115)
become heated involuntarily. Whose prowess and yoga is it; who is prac-
tising such a terrible tapas? He (i.e. Brahmā) should make him realize his
intention before he (actually) burns and boils with rage. Brahmā answers
that they need not worry, since it is not an unauthorized person, but this
Gan.anāyaka of Rudra who has entered the ocean to practise the japa of
‘rudras.’ He has no bad intentions regarding the world, but he wants to
lift the inhabitants out of hell. If you please, we shall go to Rudra and
make an appeal so that He fulfils his wish.
21 They consent, and all the gods together with Brahmā go to Mount Ma-
ndara. Introduced by Nandin, they see Deva, praise him, and say the
following: ‘Your Gan.anāyaka, Sukeśa, practises tapas out of pity with
the living beings; please fulfil his wishes.’ Devadeva, having heard their
request, goes to Sukeśa together with Brahmā and the rest. The ocean
and all the sages welcome Śam . kara and bow to him. Devadeva friendly
addresses that foremost of the Gan.apas: ‘Stand up, Sukeśa, and ask what
you wish; I will grant it; I consider you equal to Nandin!’ Sukeśa stands
up and makes his wish: ‘My mind is haunted by those people staying in
hell. Please make that they all are released, O Jagatpati. Today I would
like to plead for their deliverance.’
31 Deva grants his wish and says: ‘The people staying in hell will be released.
Thanks to your devotion and compassion you are dear to me. Stay deter-
mined and powerful!’ Thereupon all the inhabitants of hell board celestial
vehicles, go to Devadeva and Sukeśa, and bow to them. Deva says to
Sukeśa that everyone who saves people from whatever disaster gains im-
measurable merit and will not return to the cycle of rebirth. One who
continuously wishes mentally to liberate people from pain, he too is re-
leased from all suffering. And one who, having obtained merit for himself,
shares it with (other) people for the sake of happiness, he will also be freed
from all suffering. With his yoga and power, he (i.e. Sukeśa) is so much
intent upon saving people. Is there one equal to him on earth? Sukeśa
answers that it is all due to His grace. He does not wish to do anything
else. He is His servant and slave; no wonder that he is such.
40 Sanatkumāra concludes by saying that Deva allows leave to the Gan.anā-
yaka and goes to Mandara surrounded by all immortals. And the gods,
when they look at the inhabitants of hell in their vehicles and see that the
suffering of the world has been abated, return to where they came from.
373 The metre of SP 51.43 is a Śārdūlavikrı̄d.ita.
103
115
(116)
104 Synopsis
52
Sanatkumāra specifies the men who will not go to hell, even if they are engaged in evil.
These are those who stick to the dharma and have a ‘good son’ (satputra). Women may
avoid hell by being wholly devoted to their husbands and by considering them their
god. End of the Naraka Cycle.
The story of Kās.t.hakūt.a, son of Bhūmanyu. Despite the latter’s old age, but
thanks to his propitiation of Śiva through severe asceticism, his wife Yaśā bears a son
named Kās.t.hakūt.a. The dialogue between Kās.t.hakūt.a and his parents about his study
elsewhere. When Kās.t.hakūt.a returns, his father has died and his mother dies of grief
soon thereafter. Kās.t.hakūt.a practises asceticism to restore them to life. Śiva denies this
possibility, but he grants that he and his parents become Gan.apas residing on Mount
Śveta. ( p. 317)
1 Vyāsa asks who are the beings that do not go to Naraka; those of good
conduct, though they are engaged in evil? And what is the best rebirth
for women, obtained by which behaviour?
3 Sanatkumāra answers that he will specify which men will not go to Na-
raka, although they are engaged in evil. Neither the one who builds a
fire altar will go to hell, nor the one who has a good son (satputra), 374
who keeps the cow observance, 375 who offers an Aśvamedha, who gives a
thousand cows, who studies the Veda, who mutters (japa) ‘Rudra,’ nor
the man who saves a brahmin from deadly danger, and, committed to the
law (dharma), serves him appropriately, (also) when he is ill, miserable
or disabled. Neither will he go there, who takes care of a cow that has
collapsed. And the devotee who worships Maheśa with great zeal will not
go there either. 376
9 Brahmins who abide by their dharma, follow the Vedic lore and are en-
gaged in their six duties, 377 they will not (go to hell). The twice-borns
374 SPBh 158.10 seems to express a slightly different view: pitr̄.m

. s tathāśubhair ghorair
ves..titān rāks.asārditān | satputras trāyate devi netarah. pāpaniścayah. 10 . This
makes the ‘good son’ the only rescue for ancestors who are caught up in evil. The
added qualification, ‘not one who is intent on evil’ implies that the Skandapurān.a
takes satputra to mean chiefly ‘a virtuous son.’ In the Dharmaśāstra literature this
quality is seen as being directly related to the sort of wedlock in which the son is
born: a satputra is a son from an approved marriage, an asatputra from a marriage
considered less favourable, such as sons from a Brahmin father and Śūdra mother
(MaS 9.154, MaS 3.37–42; cf. Kane II, 524).
375 For the ancient ascetic practice of imitating the behaviour of a cow, the govrata,
see Acharya 2013.
376 All MSS apart from S1 contain what might be an inserted marginal gloss, spec-
ifying that for others there is the cycle of rebirth. We feel that the reference to
sam . sāra is spurious in this context.
377 The six duties of a Brahmin are: adhyāpanam adhyayanam . yajanam . yājanam
.
tathā | dānam . pratigraham . caiva brāhman . ānām akalpayat : Teaching, studying,
sacrificing, performing sacrifices (for others), giving and accepting (gifts) (MaS
104
116
(117)
who are devoted to the Lord (Īśa), and those who are dedicated to asceti-
cism, purity, have compassion, keep their observances, and are indifferent
to property, as well as the ks.atriyas who are committed to protecting their
subjects and die within battle, they (all) do not go to Naraka. Vaiśyas
engaged in business, who stick to proper conduct, 378 worship the gods and
brahmins, they will not see hell but go to heaven. Śūdras who are free of
arrogance and who venerate the upper three classes (varn.a), the brahmins
in particular, they will not see a hell but will have a good rebirth. And in
all four classes there are men who are dedicated to Śiva, performing ritu-
als in veneration of Śarva—they will not go to hell, but reach the highest
station.
15 Those who build a temple and worship Devadeva and other (gods), they
will save their ancestors from Naraka, and likewise do those who sink lotus
ponds and plant trees. And those who always help twice-borns and others
who are suffering, they will not go there either. Those who are without
anger, who venerate gods and brahmins and always offer gifts, they will
not fall down. Those who are committed to their own dharma, who love
the truth and avoid evil undertakings, they do not see Naraka. The one
who worships liṅgas is free of all that (scil. hell), and he who meditates,
or the holy man who mutters (japa), and the yogin, even if they commit
all sorts of evil, they will not be tainted. 379
21 For women her husband is the highest god; all those who consider the
dharma do not see it otherwise. A woman who has left her husband does
not reap any fruit, whatever she gives or offers, either in words, or in her
mind or in deeds. A woman who is obedient to her husband in these three
ways and who, even if he has died, does not think of another man, and
who transfers whatever merit she earns to her husband, that woman will
not go to any Naraka and she will not return to the dreadful circle of
rebirth. But for the other (women) there is no doubt regarding Naraka. 380
26 Sanatkumāra continues. Having blessed Sukeśa in this way, (Deva) goes
to the Kās.t.hakūt.āśrama to bless that ascetic Kās.t.hakūt.a. 381 Vyāsa wants
to hear more of the asceticism of this brahmin, how long it took before he
received a boon from Maheśvara, and who he is. 382 Sanatkumāra answers.
1.88).
378 Cf. SPBh 126.39 where all sons of Sagara who have abandoned proper conduct are
burnt (nyāyadharmabahis.kr.ta).
379 Cf. PS 5.20: siddhayogı̄ na lipyate karman
. ā pātakena vā.
380 Here ends the Naraka Cycle.
381 The transition to a new subject is abrupt and the transmission of the text is
problematic. SP 52.26 lacks an explicit subject. S1 seems to remedy the problem
through two additional pādas (one illegible).
382 The following story of Kās.t.hakūt.a is not known from other sources. Kās.t.hakūt.a
as a Gan.apa is known to MBh 2 App. 1 No. 3 l. 21 and LiP 1.103.27.
105
117
(118)
106 Synopsis
29 There was a brahmin named Kr.s.n.a in the lineage of Gautama. His son
was Bhūmanyu, who was married to Yaśā, belonging to the Atri lineage. 383
When he does not get a son and reaches old age, he sadly says to his
wife: through a son men strive to attain to (higher) worlds and to become
without obligation; afflicted by old age, I have no son. With my permission
you should go to another man of the same gotra (i.e. a Gautama) for the
sake of a son; I ask you this in all humility. 384
33 Yaśā answers that she cannot accept what he says. A woman like her
cannot consider such a thing. Born in the lineage of Atri, she has come to
the Gautama lineage. How could she possibly do this? Through asceticism
one pursues wealth, happy ways of living, sons, a lineage and (higher)
worlds; he should practise tapas! By tapas Śakti begot Parāśara, 385 Cya-
vana begot Aurva, 386 Vasis.t.ha begot Indrapramati by Kapiñjalı̄, 387 and
Śilāda begot his son Nandin. 388 Like them he should practise tapas; he
will get a perfect son. When he saw her in the past, Brahmā’s own son Atri
told her that she would become the mother of a good son (satputra). 389
That shall not prove wrong! Provided with all the tapas in him and that
which has accumulated in her thanks to him, he should worship Rudra.
383 There might be an intended ambiguity here. In addition to the primary meaning,
‘descendant of Atri’ (cf. SP 52.34), an ātreyı̄ is a woman immediately after her
menses, which are usually considered to last three days. After the third day a
bath is prescribed and she becomes free from the various restrictions during the
menses. It is believed that she may easily conceive in that period (see Jamison
1991, 213–23).
384 The type of wedlock proposed is that of the levirate (niyoga); see MaS 9.59–63,
Kane II, 599–607.
385 See SP 16.14.
386 MBh 1.60.43–45.
387 Indrapramati is mentioned in SPBh 128.20 as one of the r..sis. The birth of Indrapra-
miti is given in an enigmatic passage in LiP 1.63.89–90: ata ūrdhvam . nibodhadhvam
indrapramitisambhavam | vasis..thasya kapiñjalyo ghr.tācyām udapadyata trimūrtir
yah. samākhyāta indrapramitir ucyate | pr.thoh. sutāyām . sam
. bhūto bhadras tasyā-
bhavad vasuh. . The commentary by Gan.eśa Nātu explains that Kapiñjalya is the
son of Vasis.t.ha and the Apsaras Ghr.tācı̄ and is silent on LiP 1.63.90. However, we
may read kapiñjalyā instead of kapiñjalyo (LiP 1.63.89c), which could mean that
Ghr.tācı̄ was the surrogate mother of Indrapramiti while his actual parents were
Vasis.t.ha and Kapiñjalı̄, on account of which he is also called trimūrti, born from
three parents (?).
388 See SP 20.22–33.
389 The fact that she has been promised a satputra (SP 52.40) adds to her argument
above, to the effect that a woman of her standing cannot accept a son born in
levirate wedlock (niyoga), since this is frowned upon by the orthodox, to which
she reckons her family (see e.g. MaS 9.64–68, Kane II, 602). Such a son may
therefore not be considered a satputra, i.e. not as Bhūmanyu’s son (see above
n. 374 on p. 104). This view is expressed in MaS 9.181: ya ete ’bhihitāh. putrāh.
saṅgād anyabı̄jajāh. | yasya te bı̄jato jātās tasya te netarasya tu (cf. Kane II, 605).
106
118
(119)
41 Being thus addressed he is ashamed. He consents and goes to Rudra for

refuge. He hastens toward the Narmadā and, aiming at Him, he settles
on its bank, living by air alone for years. By that, however, he does
not reach his aim. He becomes very unhappy and restricts his breathing
(prān.āyāma) for one year. 390 Thereupon Deva speaks to him. ‘Why are
you exhausting yourself? There will be no son for you. This exercise is
counterproductive; you will not have a son.’ Thus addressed he becomes
depressed and loses hope for the birth of a son. He thinks of suicide and
he does not want to go home.
46 Tormented as he is, he prepares a pyre (kās..thakūt.a), lights a fire and under
loud cries is about to burn himself. When Rudra notices his most arduous
resolve, he says to him while remaining invisible: ‘Son, son! Go, you will
have a son, don’t act overhastily. That son will be called Kās.t.hakūt.a.’
Happy, the great ascetic goes to his wife and begets a son, the great sage
Kās.t.hakūt.a. When the latter reaches the age of discretion, he thinks that
his father is too old to teach him and for that reason he wants to go
elsewhere for Veda study.
51 He goes to his father and mother, bows and tells them: ‘I am born as your
son for the sake of the Dharma, not out of passion. I have been wanted
by you as a son, because you considered that, as such, I would save you as
well as the grandfathers, that the lineage would not be interrupted, that
you both would reach heaven due to “a good son” (suputra), and (finally)
that you would be free of debt regarding the ancestors. 391 Since I am not
initiated into the revealed and traditional lore (śruti & smr.ti ) and not
proficient in matters of the Dharma, I would, in my ignorance, act in such
a way that the ancestors will be unhappy and you will sink into hell and
live there for a long time like a sinner. Because of age and also because of
your paternal love you are not able to educate me properly. And mother
here too, always thinking ‘he is our only son,’ stands in the way of a strict
teaching by you. The thought occurs to me that I must go to another
teacher, who is always austere and without tenderness, but competent,
yet I shall not make a resolve to that effect, because I realise that there
would be no-one to serve you. And this should also not remain unsaid: I
consider you two my supreme authority regarding whatever, good or bad.’
60 Thus addressed the parents embrace him, their eyes full of tears. Bhū-
manyu says that obedience of a noble son to the fathers is of two kinds: a
son’s physical obedience belonging to the terrestrial world, and the spir-
itual (dharmada) one, which pertains to yonder world and by which the
390 Cf. SP 52.103.

391 The Sanskrit word pitr. is used for both ‘father’ and ‘ancestor,’ an ambiguity that
connects the subject of the Kās.t.hakūt.a myth with the overall theme of the Naraka
Cycle which is concerned with the ancestors.
107
119
(120)
108 Synopsis
fathers pass over and reach forever their desired station (i.e. the world of
the ancestors). They wish the spiritual (duties) performed rather than
the terrestrial ones. Therefore he should perform the rituals that pertain
to yonder world. He should go and study the śruti and smr.ti .
64 His mother tells him to do as his father says, so that Bhava may be gracious
toward him. After a grievous pregnancy he was obtained at great pains in
order to accomplish all that is needed. He was obtained thanks to Mahā-
deva, after his father too had gone through terrible tapas and had given
up breathing. He should behave appropriately and act in such a way that
both may still be alive when they meet again and be pleased with him.
68 Sanatkumāra continues. After he has (thus) received permission to leave
from both parents, he makes a reverential circumambulation and departs.
Discharged by both of them, he goes to Cyavana, just as the oblation
comes to Varun.a, when sent up by the R . c and the Yajus (Vedas). Af-
ter having studied under him to the latter’s satisfaction, he is given the
final blessing (saphala), just as the one who is dedicated to the Veda (is
rewarded) by the gods, when they have obtained their due.
71 Then, after his son has left, the father dies. After completing his study,
Kās.t.hakūt.a returns and sees his mother, distressed, like (royal) fortune
(Śrı̄) without instruction. When Kās.t.hakūt.a sees her crying and engulfed
by sorrow, he speaks to her, like Jayanta to Paulomı̄ after Śakra had
vanished: 392 ‘I performed a water offering (to the deceased) when I learnt
about the (sad news). Don’t drown your mind in sorrow, this is the eternal
law, for gods, seers and yogins, how much more for mortals, O mother;
don’t cry. I am the self (ātman) brought forth by that self (ātman) of him,
by his very own power (tejas). 393 Look at me, one who has accomplished
his duties, like Gāyatrı̄ at her own son. I have studied thoroughly the
Vedas and their auxiliaries (Aṅgas and Upāṅgas), the appended works
(Upaveda) and those that concern the self. Whatever a man can learn,
all that has been learnt, what is to be heard has been heard, and homage
has been done to yogins. This perfection should cheer you up; cherish me
as Gāyatrı̄ does the sacrifice!’
392 This might refer to the battle between the gods led by Indra and his son Jayanta
with the Rāks.asas, led by the son of Rāvan.a, Rāvan.i (Indrajit), as told in Rām.
7.28–29. Jayanta is rescued from the battlefield by his maternal grandfather Pu-
loman (Rām. 7.28.18) and Indra is captured by Rāvan.i (Rām. 7.29.28–29). The
particular dialogue between Jayanta and his mother that may be referred to here
is not known, but the simile ‘like Jayanta to Paulomı̄’ (cf. MBh 1.106.4, MBh
1.213.58, MBh 1 App. 1 No. 48 l. 42) may be a variant of what Hopkins (1915, 141)
calls ‘a stereotyped phrase,’ viz. ‘like Indra with Paulomı̄’ (MBh 10.11.24, MBh
3.154.61 786∗ l. 8, Rām. 7.12.6).
393 See SP 36.18.
108
120
(121)
80 Sanatkumāra continues that his mother Yaśā, her pain increased by hear-
ing these words, speaks weepingly to her son: ‘This is not what I am sad
about. That he has died is accepted. All mortals are ordained to die.
And he was an accomplished man, steeped in asceticism. There is noth-
ing that we should grieve at in regard to him. My son, I weep for myself,
because I have been left behind. I have not followed him in death, since
I was longing for your arrival. For women the presence of wealth, food,
kinsmen, sons and relatives is not what the presence of a husband is: if a
husband is there, then everything is; without husband, there is nothing,
for everything is painful to women whose husband is no more. Moreover,
it causes me pain that I cannot welcome you together with him today,
like Śrı̄ welcomes happiness together with Vis.n.u. He often said to me:
“When Kās.t.hakūt.a shall come back as a learned man, then I will choose
a lovely bride for him: the virtuous daughter of Kāśyapa Udala; she will
be devoted to Kās.t.hakūt.a. Once I shall see my son with a jewel of a wife,
I shall hand over the sacrificial fires. Once I have the pleasure of being
saluted (pādagrahan.a) by the wife of my son, I shall bestow blessings, in
words and in my heart.” It was not to be, not for him as a father with
dreams, who loved his son. This is what torments me, O son. I have
earlier said to you in his presence, when you were about to go: “May we
both still be alive when we see you again.” 394 It was not to happen. Since
it is not broken, my heart must be hard like a diamond today, O son, I
who am not a good wife (a-satı̄), as I see you here, O son, while he is no
longer there.’
94 Thereupon she falls to the ground, bewailing the loss of her husband like
an osprey. Kās.t.hakūt.a sees that she has died, performs the cremation
ceremony, and mourns. ‘Ah father of mine, to me who am confused and
no (longer) know the dharma, you and your wife do no more speak; where
have you gone? Surely you have told me to go and study; so I have studied
and come back today, but why do you not speak to me? Surely you have
got me as your son due to your tapas, great concentration, and thanks to
Devadeva Rudra; why do you not speak? Ah father, what have I done
wrong, that you and mother are no longer there to welcome me. Ah, you
have died because of me alone, a bad son; this I find unlawful, that no-one
kills me who has killed a father!’
101 Mourning in this way and heartened by many seers, the great ascetic pours
out a (funerary) libation and makes this vow, which is difficult to observe:
‘From today on I shall no longer breathe and the breaths in my body will
circulate no longer. I shall stand on one leg, with raised arms, unblinking,
petrified like a piece of wood (kās..tha). My vow will last till I shall see
394 SP 52.67.
109
121
(122)
110 Synopsis
Rudra and my father and his wife.’

106 Sanatkumāra continues. There the great ascetic stands, meditating on
Maheśvara, while being watched by those seers. On the eighth day Śam .-
kara himself, pleased with his trust in God and by his devotion to his
father, speaks: ‘Kās.t.hakūt.a, I shall give you divine sight. See me without
fear, me who is invisible even for yogins. Tell me, O son, which wish you
have, I shall give it to you. Think of it and put it forward.’ Thereupon
he sees Deveśa. He falls at His feet and speaks loud and clear: ‘I wish
that both, my father and mother, who have died, may live.’ Deva answers
that his parents have fallen into hell and that they cannot be restored to
life. 395 He should ask something else. Kās.t.hakūt.a says: ‘I have no other
wish. This (vow) has been undertaken for the sake of the father. Put it
forth, obeisance to you.’
114 Deva declares that, once the body of someone who died has been cremated,
it is not possible to unite that with life again. Neither of his parents any
longer has a body. With regard to the body, just as his father (conferred
one) on him, so should he do. 396 He should confer (on him) his body, then
both shall live. Kās.t.hakūt.a answers that nothing is impossible for Him
to do, if He wants to do it. Moreover, one can see the polar star appear
without a body. Without his parents, he feels no attachment to his body.
Therefore He may take it, if He pleases. This body (aṅga) of his has risen
from his (father’s) body (aṅga); therefore Deveśa should confer it (on his
father), since for him it is useless.
119 Sanatkumāra continues. The Lord laughs and kindly answers the excellent
seer, since he wishes to do him good: ‘You have passed this test. I am truly
satisfied with your devotion to your father. Listen to me. You will be my
Gan.apa named Kās.t.hakūt.a, immortal, without becoming older, furnished
with sovereignty and yogic powers, and you shall live in a celestial palace
(vimāna) that can move at will, made by myself. All these seers of this
hermitage will likewise become Gan.eśvaras and attend upon you. And
your father Bhūmanyu and his wife will become your companions and be
like you. And I shall give you the divine Śveta Mountain to reside on, 397
which can move at will and is full of palaces.’
395 This may come as a surprise, since it seemed such a virtuous and pious elderly
couple, but to understand it we should keep in mind that this chapter, like the
preceding ones, is concerned with pitr. (father/ancestor), and, as a corollary, it
continues the theme of hell. Like Sukeśa, Kās.t.hakūt.a has no offspring of his own,
though this is not thematized in the present context.
396 SP 52.115 refers to the doctrine mentioned in SP 36.18. See also SP 52.118b aṅgād
aṅgam.
397 The Śveta(parvata), see MBh 2.24.27, MBh 3.220.24, MBh 3.264.66, etc. WG 7
vs. 6 etc. Cf. Kirfel 1967, 101.
110
122
(123)
127 The Lord, having blessed him and endowed him with strength, goes back
to Mandara. And that (seer) goes to the desired land. All these things
that have been told, Deva did while Devı̄ was engaged in asceticism on a
mountaintop of her father (i.e. the Himavat). 398
398 For this mountaintop see SP 34.21 and annotation ad loc. The Vindhyavāsinı̄ Cycle
will continue in SP 53–69 (SP III).
399 The metre of SP 52.131 is Viyoginı̄ (Vaitālı̄ya), see Introduction, p. 12.
123
111
(124)
112
124
(125)
Skandapurān.a
Adhyāyas 31–52
113
125
(126)
126
114
(127)
Symbols and Abbreviations in the Apparatus
In the layer of apparatus recording lacunae, these brackets enclose ref-

erences (by pāda letter and raised syllable number) to illegible or lost
syllables in the Nepalese manuscripts.
In the registers with variants, they enclose syllables of a manuscript reading
that have been cancelled.
( ) In the layer of apparatus recording lacunae, these parentheses enclose refer-
ences (by pāda letter and raised syllable number) to poorly legible syllables
in the Nepalese manuscripts.
In the registers with variants, they are used in reporting a manuscript
reading to enclose syllables that are uncertain. They are also used after a
siglum to enclose comments in English.
In the main, lowest register, only when a lemma is long, they are used to
enclose siglum of a manuscript that supports the lemma except for minor
differences. The minor differences in the manuscript reading are recorded
separately in a layer of apparatus devoted to the readings of the recension
to which it belongs.
← → Used within the layer of apparatus recording lacunae to indicate that a
lacuna extends beyond the verse-boundary.
+ + These plus-signs enclose syllables of a manuscript reading that have been
added (usually in the margin, occasionally between lines).
{ } Enclose variants of individual manuscripts reported within a larger variant
of the group to save space (cf. SP I, 52).
• Used to separate different lemmas within the same pāda.
Represents a gap left open by a scribe.
. . . Used to represent illegible or lost syllables in a manuscript reading when
the illegible or lost portion extends beyond the lemma.
± Used only in the layer of apparatus devoted to the readings of the Am-
bikākhan.d.a recension, to indicate that trivial individual variants within a
larger variant have been suppressed.
˘ Used to represent illegible or lost syllables that should be assumed to be
˘
metrically light, heavy, or indifferent.
∗ After siglum denotes the second occurrence of a line that is repeated.
conj. conjecture em. emendation

ac before correction pc after correction
f. folio col. colophon
r recto v verso
om. omit(s) i.m. in the margin
sec. second m.c. metri causa
115
127
(128)
Sigla of the Manuscripts and the Edition Used
S1 National Archives, Kathmandu, ms 2–229. Rotographs preserved in the

Bodleian Library, Oxford, as ms Max Müller, Rotogr. 34. Described in Shas-
tri 1905, 141–146; Gambier Parry 1930, 22–25 (No. 22); Br.hatsūcı̄patram
vol. 8, 278; Bhat.t.arāı̄ 1988, prastāvanā p. 37. Microfilmed by the NGMPP
on reel No. B 11/4. Palm-leaf, early Nepalese ‘Licchavi’ script. Bhat.t.t.arāı̄’s
siglum kha. This manuscript is dated 234 (ad 810/811). For further de-
scription see SP I, 32.
S2 National Archives, Kathmandu, ms 1–831. Described in Br.hatsūcı̄patram
vol. 8, 292; Bhat.t.arāı̄ 1988, prastāvanā p. 36. Microfilmed by the NGMPP
on reel B 12/3. Palm-leaf, early Nepalese ‘Licchavi’ script. Bhat.t.arāı̄’s
siglum ka. Undated. For further description see SP I, 33.
S3 Bodleian Library, Oxford, ms Sansk. a. 14 (R). Palm-leaf, early Nepalese
‘Licchavi’ script. This manuscript was acquired by the Bodleian Library in
1992; it is not listed in any printed catalogue, and was not used by Bhat.t.arāı̄.
Undated. For further description see SP I, 33f.
S4 National Archives, Kathmandu, ms 4-2260. Described in Br.hatsūcı̄patram
vol. 8, 292; Bhat.t.arāı̄ 1988, prastāvanā p. 37. Microfilmed by the NGMPP on
reel B 12/2. Palm-leaf, early Nepalese ‘Licchavi’ script. Bhat.t.arāı̄’s siglum
ga. Undated. This manuscript forms part of the same codex as S3. For
further description see SP I, 34.
R Asiatic Society, Calcutta, ms G–3909. Paper, an early Bengali script. De-
scribed in Shastri 1928, 568–572. Dated Śaka 1604 (ad 1682). Not used by
Bhat.t.arāı̄. For further description see SP I, 34f.
A2 India Office Library ms 662–663. Described in Eggeling 1899, 1321b–1323a.
Paper, Devanāgarı̄ script. Not used by Bhat.t.arāı̄. See SP I, 35.
A3 Asiatic Society, Calcutta, ms G–972. Described in Mitra 1882, 117–121;
Shastri 1928, 579 (see also the Preface p. clxxviii); Bhat.t.arāı̄ 1988, prastā-
vanā p. 37. Paper, Devanāgarı̄ script. This is the only A manuscript used
(or mentioned) by Bhat.t.arāı̄ (his siglum gha). See SP I, 35.
A5 Maharaja Mansingh Pustak Prakash Library, Jodhupur, ms 1053. Paper,
Devanāgarı̄ script. Described in Vyas & Kshirsagar 1986, 122f. Not used by
Bhat.t.arāı̄. See SP II A, 10.
A7 Dhakka University Library, ms 3376. Paper, an early Bengali script. Men-
tioned in the New Catalogus Catalogorum I, 362. Not used by Bhat.t.arāı̄.
See SP II A, 10f.
A We use this siglum to denote the above-mentioned Ambikākhan.d.a manu-
scripts as a group, or a reading unanimously shared by them all. See SP III,
62f.
Bh The edition by Kr.s.n.aprasāda Bhat.t.arāı̄. See Skandapurān.a in References.
116
116
128
(129)
ett ।
u ।
enn
pr !я #।
pr $ %kt % ॥ 1॥
%kt ( )*+।
a , - ./0tt % v॥ 2॥
ektv
5 я (।
я $
6 0॥ 3॥
6v pr9 %kty 6+ я।
5 $ tt
; (< #॥ 4॥
u ।
a> $ 5 ;?) . ।
a(< 9
6+
; - # - u( r#॥ 5॥
1c pr ] я R 2b ] () R 2c a ] a R • ] R 3a

]
R 3d ] R 4b я ] я Rpc , – Rac
(unmetrical) 4cd ] k R (there is an insertion mark, but no insertion) 5d - ! -
u"#r ! ] v
" R
1b & pr ]
& A3A5 , &' A7 • #&( ] A3A5 , ##( A7 1c pr ]

я A 2b ] ) A 2c a ] a A 3a ] A 4ab ] om. A 4c
tt+ ] A3A5 , + A7 4d ' ] A3A7 , ' A5 (unmetrical) 5b , ] A3A5 ,
- A7 5d - ! - u"#r ! ] +
"#r A5 , v
"#r A3A7
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 (from 21 a 4; f. 49 lost) photos 1.18b (f. 50r), 1.19a
(f. 50v), 1.20b (f. 51r), 1.21a (f. 51v), 8.28a (f. 52r) and 8.27a (f. 52v) (one third of f. 52 lost); S2
(from 11 c 1) exposures 37–40a (f. 44r–46v); S3 f. 46v–50r; R f. 62v–66r (f. 65v faded out and
largely retraced); A3 f. 36v–39r; A5 f. 64r–69v; A7 f. 51v–54v.
1b & pr ] R ,
& pr S3 ,
& Bh • #&( ] RA3A5Bh , ##( S3 1c pr ]
S3 , я Bh • ] RABh , S3 2b ] S3 , ) Bh 2c a ] em. Bh ,
a S3 • . ] RABh , S3 2cd ] A , S3 , Bh (em.) 3a
ktv ] RABh , kt S3 • ] S3 , Bh 3b я'"# ] S3pc RABh , я'"# S3ac
(unmetrical) 3d #, ] RABh , #, S3 4ab ] S3(R) , om. Bh 4c tt+ ]
A3A5 , + S3 , cc Bh (conj.) 4d ' 2! ] A3A7Bh , '2 S3 (unmetrical)
5d - ! - u"#r ! ] conj. , c
"#r S3 , 2 "#r ! Bh (conj.)
117
117
129
(130)
+2"5
118 e2#6tt 9

u ।
*.
(BC
; ) , > ।
D C (< E॥ 6॥
u ।
./ 9 $ ।
( pr9>- 6 j.#॥ 7॥
u $ ।
% %ktr J 0 ॥ 8॥
ann . 9( > $ #।
akt
>
(< , >।
eLM
tt tt#॥ 9॥

u ।
я 9 kt , я,।
%O 9 $ ,(Bя॥ 10॥
6 ]

R 6a : ] ,! R 6b 62; , ] 6 2{ ky Rac }+=2 + R
(unmetrical) 6c >? ] ,;c R 7a ] R 8a u - ]
ac
+ A++{ R },! pr R 8c A#ktr ] #ktCkt R 8d 'D, ] 'D,-
R 9b 5"' ] ,"' R 9c a#kt ] a#ktc R 10
]

R 10b
2 ] 2 R
6 ]
A 6a : ] A 6b 62; ] 6 ky A3A5 , 6 ky A7 (unmetrical)
6c >? ] ' A 7a ] A3 , A5 , A7 7b 5- , ] 5- , A3
A5 , - , A7 7c " ] A3A5 , " A7 8a - ] , A5 ,
ac pc
, A3 (unmetrical) , , A3 A7 8c A,! ] A5A7 , A,! A3 • r ]
C A5A7 , C A3 8d 'D, ] '# ,{, A7} A 9a ann' ] a,tt A
9b 5"' ] ,"' A3A5 , 2c#" A7 10 ]
A 10a 'kt ] 'kt A
10b 2 ] 2 A 10cd ] om. A5
6 ] em. ,
S3Bh 6a : ] S3 , Bh • #, ] S3RA , # Bh (em.) •
"G? ] RABh , "G S3 6b 62; ] S3 , 6 ky Bh • , ] ABhpc , , S3 , ,
, Bhac (typo) 6c >? ] conj. (cf. MtP 180.91c) , +5c S3 , ' Bh 7a
] RABh , S3 (unmetrical) • ] A3Bh , S3 7c " ] RA3A5Bh ,
" S3 8a - ] S3 , , Bh (conj.?) 8c A,! ] S3RA5A7Bh (em.?) •
r ] S3 , C Bh (em.?) 8d 'D, ] conj. Bh , 'D,' S3 • #'+ ]
RABh , #+ S3 9a ann' ] RBh (conj.?) , anntt S3 9b 5"' ] conj. Bh , -
5"' S3 9d "H ] S3RA , Bh (conj.) 9e e #IJ# ] S3RA , e #IJ# Bh
(conj.) 9f tt ] RABh , tt S3 (unmetrical) 10 ] em. ,
S3Bh 10a 'kt ]
pc
RBh (em.?) , 'kt S3 10b 2 ] S3Bh (conj.) • #я ] S3 RABh , #я
S3ac 10d ] RABh , S3 (unmetrical)
118
130
(131)
+2"5
119 e2#6tt 9
aяJ c ( ,+ ;v ,।

annc ( .
R $( . %O ॥ 11॥
*. t *ThmD > pr ।
V $c DW( 9c >
; ॥ 12॥
udY %
Tc
; 9- ( -।
j O
. dY%
T-॥ 13॥
u ।
e % 5 $ 6 9
v#।
я 0

v॥ 14॥
a> 6v

6+ я।
[ >,* T#॥ 15॥

u ।

\ll $ O ।
(,r^ T[ ॥ 16॥
% , c ; hEя।
prnn( r
^ (, tt॥ 17॥
11a aяD ] aL R 12b 9M ] R 14a A,! ] A,! R 14c

] R 15c N ] + R 16
]

R 16a ##- ] #-
R 17b hLя, ] hLя,,! R 17c prnn+ " ] a,tt" R 17d " tt ]
dkt "Q tt R
11c ann ] aM A 12b 9M ] A 13a udR A ] dR { A3A7}A-
A 14c ] A 14d v ] ,
v A 15c + ] A3 , + A5 ,
+ A7 16
]

A 16a Sll ] "G5 A5A7 , "G5 A3 16c " ] A5 ,
"G A3 , "G A7 16cd r U ] A3A7 , r V a A5 17c prnn+ " ] pr"nn+ {
A7}" A 17d ] dkt A
11←a 1–b 8(c 1–c 2) S2
11a ] RABh , S3 13a udR ] RBh (em.?) , udgr! S2 , udR S3 (or dgr ,
unmetrical) 13c 2#= ] RABh , 2#= # S2S3 13d A. ] S2RABh , A. S3
14c ] S2pc Bh , S2ac S3 •

pc pc
] S2 S3 RABh ,
ac ac
S2 S3 14d ] S2pc S3R
ABh , S2ac • v ] S2RBh , + v S3 15a & ] S2RABh , & S3 16 ]
em. ,

S2S3Bh 16a Sll ] S2RBh , S S3 (unmetrical) 16c ] S2RABh ,
S3 (unmetrical) • " ] RA5Bh (em.?) , " S2ac S3 , " S2pc • rU ] S2R
A3A7Bh , r V S3 17a A ] S2RABh , A S3 17b hLя, ] S2ABh , hя
S3 (unmetrical) 17c prnn ] S2S3 , pr"nn Bh • + " ] em. (cf. R) , + " S2S3 ,
+ " Bh (conj.?; in a note Bh suggests " ) •rU ] S2RABh , r V S3 17d ]
S2Bh , S3 (unmetrical)
119
131
(132)
+2"5
120 e2#6tt 9
ady +,sr 9 (c 5 ( ,।

[
( r ^ ,% ॥ 18॥

5 ।
(
?#।
,я (
॥ 19॥
pr ; (
v।
akt kt5 > LM॥ 20॥

5 ।
i ; O #।
akt > %O ॥ 21॥

u ।
edv
> ( ,।
e
v ,, > , ॥ 22॥
u ।
% 6+ ?hy , #।
9 pr - ॥ 23॥
18a sr#5 ] r#5 R 18d ' ] M R 20c a#kt ] #prkt R 20d
#IJ# ] # R 21d ] (2 ) R • A#=# ] A#=# R 22 ] R
22c # ] # R 22d ] Rpc , –˘ Rac 23b ! ] R 23cd ]
+,#5 pr. + R
18c " ] " A5A7 , " A3 19 C ] om. A 19c +

] A7 , '+
A3 A5
19d–21c ] om. A7 20d ' #IJ# ] AGtt{ A5}# A3A5 21 C ] A3 ,

C A5 21a #, ] , A3A5 21cd ] a#kt
A#=# , A3A5 , A#=#
, A7 (cf. 19c) 22 u ] A5 ,
u A3 ,
C A7 22c e v' # ' ]
e
vDvv hy
' A7 , e
{e A5}v? hy ! A3A5 22d M # ] M ' #
A 23 speaker indication–b ] om. A 23c ,# ] ,& A
21←speaker indication–a 3(a 4, b 1, c 8–d 3)d 4–d 5(d 6–d 8) S1 22speaker indication syll. 1–
2(3)a 1(a 2) S1, (b 4) S3 23(b 6) S1
18c N ] S2RABh , N S3 • " ] S2S3R , " Bh • rU ] RABh , r U. S2 ,

r
V. S3 18d A# ] S2S3RA , A Bh (em.?) 19c + ] S2RA7Bh , + S3 20a
pc ac

] S2 RA3A5Bh , S2 S3 • +, ] S2RA3A5Bh , + S3 21
C ] S2
RA3Bh , C S3 21c +M, ] S1S2RBh , +M, S3 21d A#=# ] S2Bh , ˘ (#) ˘ (#)
S1 (third aks.ara has subscript !) , A#=# S3 22 u ] A5 , –˘ –˘ (u) S1 , u
ac pc
S2S3 ,
u Bh 22c ev' ] S2 S3RBh , e v()+D+'vv S1 , ev'? S2
pc
22d ] S1S3R , S2Bh 23a ] S1S2RBh , S3 (unmetrical) 23c
pc
,# ] S2 , ,# S1 , ,# S3 , ,& Bh • 5 ] S1S2R ABh ,
pc ac
5 S3 23d pr. ] S2 ABh , pr S1 (tops lost) , pr S2 S3
120
132
(133)
+2"5
121 e2#6tt 9
% [ ( (।

a(< 6v
; ॥ 24॥
dy (
%6#।
69 >
g C pr
॥ 25॥
u ।
ekt ,9 6v %
v#।
; pr9h 6+ #॥ 26॥
( (, 6v

; ( (।
( ( ,9 c; ॥ 27॥
> 5 . 6v +,я sr . $9#।
9 LM %B e #॥ 28॥
24b , ] , R 24c ] #,! R 25a #&dy ] #

я,! R 25d
#, ] # R 26a 5 ] vv
5 R 27a ] # R 27d ,, ] R
28d After this R adds 4 pādas with speaker indication reading

u। 5&= A(
,_। M
V #IJ# AG।
24a ' ] ' A 24d , ] A3A5 , A7 25ab ] +&# ##{ &
A7 (unmetrical)} + dy{ + _ A5 , A7 (unmetrical)} " A 25c M V ' ]
M
V+' A3A5 , M V+' A7 25d ? ! ] '? A3A5 , vv? A7 • #, ] A3A5 ,
# A7 26a–28b ] om. A 28c IJ ] A3 , IJnn A5 , IJnn A7 28d
After this A adds 4 pādas with speaker indication reading

u। 5&= A(
{ A5A7}। M V #IJ# AG। ±
24b 1–b 2 S1 27c 6–c 8 S1
24ab A, ,+ ] RABh , A, , –˘ S1 , A, ,++ S2 , ,

, S3 24d
v ] S1S2RABh , V S3 • , ] RA3A5Bh , , S1 , S2S3 25a #&dy ]
S1 , ##, S2ac (unmetrical) , #&, S2pc Bh , ##, S3 (unmetrical) 25b "-
,
, ] S1S2R , " , , S3 , V+ " Bh (conj.; in a note Bh conjectures V dy from
pc
A3) 25c ] S2S3RABh , S1 • 5 ] S3RABh , 5 S1S2 • MV ] S2 RBh , M V
ac
S1S2 S3 25d #, ] S1S2S3A3A5 , # Bh (conj.) 26a kt ] S1S2RBh , kt S3
26b #6 ] S2S3RBh , S1 27a ",! ] S2S3RBh , ", S1 27b & ] S1S2RBh , & S3
27cd ] (S2)(R)Bh , "5)5, –˘ –˘ –˘ ,#,c 5 v,! S1 , ",5c ,#,c ,, M
S3 (unmetrical, cf. 28a) 27d ] RBh (em.?) , S2 28a M ] S1S2RBh , + +
S3 (i.m. in Bengali script, unmetrical) • C2 ] S2S3RBh , C ,! S1 28b -5! ]
pc
S2R , -5 S1 , b5 S3 , -5 Bh (conj.) 28c 5 ] S1S2 S3RABh , (IJ)
5 S2 28d After this Bh adds 4 pādas with speaker indication reading
u।
5&= A( । M
V #IJ# AG॥ 28॥
133
121
(134)
+2"5
122 e2#6tt 9
u ।
% g
я ( ।
LM 9 ॥ 29॥
iLM
( (,
।
(6
9 ॥ 30॥

LM tt я dg ।
e+ e hy %v।
e pr ॥ 31॥
% ।
5 ।
( %B%6 r
^ я 9я,।
a% dyc
; k 9 pr dO ॥ 32॥
h c ,%B tn%B+।
a[ 99, d+
॥ 33॥
29 ] ,'2 R 31a # ] "# R 31b яdg ] +5+dg R 31c ]

pc ac
R 31d A5
v ] R , A R (unmetrical) 31e Before this R adds r&A, (cf.
32) 31f + ] # R 32 A, ] om. R (cf. app. on 31e) 32a ,& ]
,# R
29a A,! ] A3A5 , A,! A7 30b +" , ] +"{ H" A7}, я A 31a
, ] , A7 , ;nn A3 , ', A5 31b 'tt ] 6 A • яdg ]
A3A5 , яdg A7 31e Before this A5 and A7 add A, and A3 r&A, (cf. 32)
• ] A7 , ! A3A5 31f + ] + M A 32 A, ] om. A (cf. app. on 31e)
32a 3–33a ] om. A5 32a C ] A7 ,
C A3 32b '# ] A3 , r# A7 32c rU ]
A7 , rV A3 32e f5 ] A7 , я, A3 33d #,# ] #,# A3A7 , #,
# A5
30d 4–d 5(d 6) S1, (b 6) S2 31(e 4, e 6–f 1, f 5–f 7)f 8 S2 33a 1–a 4 S1
29 ] S2S3ABh , S1pc , S1ac 29a # ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , # S1 29c
pc ac
# ] S2S3 RA , # S1 , # S3 , # Bh (typo, unmetrical) 30b
pc ac
] S1S2S3 RBh , я() S3 31a , # ] S2S3Bh , , # S1 31b
'tt ] S1RBh , 'nn S2 , ' , S3 • яdg ] S2S3A3A5Bh , яdg S1 31c hy ] S1pc
S2RABh , hy S1ac S3 31d , pc pc
v ] S2 R ABh , , v! S1 , ,
ac
v S2 S3 31e Before
this S1 adds , u , S2 A, , S3 A u and Bh ,'2 u (cf. 32) 31f + ]
S3Bh (conj.?) , Q2 S1 (cf. 19b) , (+ ) –˘ S2 32 A, ] conj. , om. S1S2S3Bh
(cf. app. on 31e) 32c rU ] S2RA7Bh , r U S1 , r V S3 32d #я ] S1pc S2RA3A7Bh ,
ac
#я S1 (unmetrical) , #я S3 33a gc AG , ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , –˘ –˘ –˘ –˘ 5&c
S1 33b tn ] S1S2RABh , ,tn S3 33c 2&5 ] S1S2pc RABh , 2&i S2ac S3
33d #d#, # ] S2RBh , #d5 # S1 , ##d#, # S3
134
122
(135)
+2"5
123 e2#6tt 9
u ।
dm - # - e 6яtt яh*B #।
9 5 kv#॥ 34॥
6p* Thm9 [ #।

я O,9 6+ mn
r#॥ 35॥
5 u ।
% *Thm9 B , v v।

6pt s

g॥ 36॥
a%Eя. (BC ?!ll%#।
> ( E 6+%
0 ॥ 37॥
34a dm - ! - eя ! ] яdg R 34b яg:G, ] яg:G, R 34c ,# ] ,-
#dv R 35ab ] om. R 35c =5 ] :hm5 R 35d After this R adds 8 pādas reading
6+M A 2& &A । od i c a"'Mc 2#(я)। "+ " 2
,#, । 2.#2&c #c M । 36a :hm5 G, ] rU R 36c
p ] p R 36d After this R adds 8 pādas reading # c ,'g:।
ac
2
,' + ',। 2+ "6 2+ ,pt 2M {я R }j M । #2 " #2
:c+ e #IJ# # । 37a aALя ] яcA ! R 37b , Q(llA! ] ,
llA R 37c "#'L ] ' "#'kt R
34a dm - ! - eя ! ] яdg A 34b яg:G ] я:G A3 , яg: A5A7 (unmetrical)
34c–35d ] om. A , instead of this A has 2 pādas reading 2.#2&{ 2& A3A7} '{ '
A5 , ' A7} M । 36b v
v ]
vv A3A7 ,
v A5 (unmetrical) 36d
After this A adds 8 pādas reading # c ,{5 A3A5}' :{ A3A7}।
2
,d { #d A5 , A3} + ',। 2+ "6 2+ ,pt 2M j M ।
#2 " #2 S { A3A5} + e #IJ# # । ± 37c '2M "# ] A3 , '2M
"# A5 , 2M "# A7 37d A #
] ,{
A7} A
34(b 3)b 4(b 5) S1, b 1(b 2) S2 36a 1–a 3(a 4) S1 37(b 7)b 8 S1, (c 1–c 6) S2
34a dm - ! - eяtt6 ] conj. , + я'dm S1 , dm Nяtt6 S2S3 , я! 6
Bh 34b ] S1S3RABh , S2 (tops lost, unmetrical) 34c 5 C ] S2S3RBh ,
5kt,! S1 34d ,#+ ] S2S3RBh , tt , S1 • ] S1S2RBh , S3 35ab ]
(S2) S3Bh , , svv 2 5&gA 'kv# ! S1 35a ):hm5 ] S3Bh (em.?) , ):hm5 S2
35c =5 ] S1pc S2Bh , 5 S1ac , =5 S3 35d ,mn pc
# #r ! ] S2S3 R , wdy #C-
ac
5#" S1 , ,mn # #r ! S3 , ,mn# #r ! Bh (conj.?) 36a :hm5 ] S2pc ABh ,
ac pc
–˘ (:)hm5 S1 , ac :hm5! S2 , : hm5
S3 36b vv ] S2 RBh , AG A v S1 ,
vv S2 S3 36c #pt ] S1pc S2S3RABh , G#n S1ac • p ] S2S3ABh , p S1
36d #V ] RABh , pr S1 , #V S2S3 • After this Bh adds 8 pādas reading
# c ,t(typo) :। 2 , + ',॥ 2+ "6 2+ ,pt 2M яj
M । #2 " #2 S + e #IJ# # !॥ (conj.) 37a aALя ] S1pc S2ABh , aA
ac
я S1 S3 (unmetrical) 37b Q( ] S2S3ABh , S1 • llA! ] S2ABh , (ll) –˘ S1 ,
A S3 (unmetrical) 37c '2M "# ] S2S3A3 , '2M "# S1 , 2M ! "# Bh
(conj.?) 37d A # ] S2RBh , , A A ! S1 , A
# S3
123
135
(136)
+2"5
124 e2#6tt 9
u ।
(
яj *
Thm9 pr> d।
dv c
; j %Btt . R j॥ 38॥
.[ pr kt *
Thm9 #।
prя 0, + 0, +॥ 39॥
a > j яL ।
( dvy ( j c#॥ 40॥
a> g , j T।
u

T #॥ 41॥
j u ।
% vll dy>C pr kt h% ।
> C LM ॥ 42॥
38a яj ] j
R 38b prM 9d ] "d R 38d 2 9| ] 2 R 39c
# ] d# R 40a j' ] j' R 40b I ] I R 41a
+ ] + R 41b ] vv R 41d ] #" R 42c 9#+ ] ! R 42d
IJ ] cc R
38a яj
] j{ j A7} A 38b prM 9d ] "d A 38d 2
9|j ] 2 hy{M A7}"Gя ! { ! A3A7} A 39a N,2 ] A3 , D,2 A5 ,
,2 A7 (unmetrical) 39cd prя ## , ] prя ## , { , A5 , ,
A7} A (unmetrical) 39d After this A has 42–44. 40a M ] M A3 , M?
A5 A7 40b I ] A5 , I A3A7 40d " j c! ] j{ j A7} {
A5A7}+ A 41a ]
A 41b ] A3 , A5A7 •
] A3A7 , !
A5 (unmetrical) 41d ] A3A5 , A7 • ] #" A 42–44 ] A has this after
39. 42b 9 ] A7 , A3A5 42d IJ ,+ ] a{ ' A7},{ ,
A5}+ A (A3A5 unmetrical)
39b 1–b 2(b 3) S1 40c 4(c 5–c 6) S1, (c 6) S2pc
pc ac
38a ] S2 RBh , S1 , S2 S3 • яj ] S2Bh , jj S1 , j S3 (or j ) 38c
j ] S1RABh , j S2S3 38d 2 9| ] S1S2S3 , 2 Bh (conj.?) • j ]
S2pc RBh , я S1S3 , j S2ac 39a 2 ] S1RA3A5Bh , 2 S2S3 39b :hm5 ] S1
S2RABhpc , :hm5 S3 , :hm5 Bhac (typo) 39c # ] S1S3Bh , d#= S2 39d
After this Bh conjectures loss of 4 pādas, has 42–44 and conjectures loss of 4 pādas. 40b
pc ac
I ] S1A5Bh , | S2 S3 , ' S2 40c ! ] S2pc S3RABh , –˘ () S1 , -
ac pc ac
! S2 (unmetrical) 40d j ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , c S1 41a
] S1S2 RBh , S2 S3
41b ] S1Bh , S2S3 •
] RA3A7Bh , ' S1 , S2S3 41d
] S1S2
S3pc RA3A5Bh , S3
ac
• ! ] S2S3Bh , tt S1 42–44 ] (R) , om. S1S2S3 , Bh
has this after 39 (cf. app. on 39d). 42b 9 ] RA7Bh (conj.) 42c 9#+ ] ABh 42cd ?
IJ ] conj. (cf. R) , #IJ Bh (conj.) • + ] RBh (em.?)
136
124
(137)
+2"5
125 e2#6tt 9

u ।
яB % . d%,O ।
6 %d . 0, O ॥ 43॥
j u ।
яB . d %#।
d (6^

dy . ॥ 44॥
> j% ( pr%#।
>
; я. ( 5 #॥ 45॥
u ।
e pr L
5 )( #।
яB 5 % jB,pr%#॥ 46॥
я 5 $ ।
<Mnn
9 j я।
j ( #॥ 47॥
43d ] d R (unmetrical) 45a A 9#" ] A #" R 47a ] G-
#tt? R 47b -+ ] -+ R 47c 5 ] (_)
5 R 47f '" ] ',"
R
43 ]
A 43b A#=# ] A7 , A#=# A3A5 43c #d+' ] # +' A
(unmetrical) 44a я&G ' ] я&G +' A3A7 , я&G +' A5 (unmetrical) 44c +! ]
a+! A • "U
, ] A7 , "V
, A3A5 44d ] A5 , A3 , , A7 45c
я' 9#" ] #IJ# A3 , #N# A5A7 45d ] i A7 , A-
i A5 , A( A3 46a pr I ] pr I A 46b ,' C ] ,' # {#"
A7 } A 47a я ] ++я A7 , я" A3 , я A5 (unmetrical) 47c ##HJnn ] A3A5 ,
##IJnn A7 • 5 ] A3A7 , 5 A5 47e #+2 ] #{ A3A5}- A 47f
,'", ! ] , "{ A5} ! A (A3A7 unmetrical)
45c 3–c 4 S1
43 ] R ,
Bh 43b A#=# ] RA7Bh (em.?) 43c #d+' ] RBh (conj.?)
43d ] ABh 44a я&G ' ] RBh (conj.?) 44c +! ] R , a+! Bh • "U
-
, ] RA7Bh (em.?) 44d ] RA5 , (?) Bh 45a M ] S2S3RABh , S1
pc ac
• A 9#" ] S2 A , A # S1S2 S3 , A , Bh (conj.) 45b prA! ] S2S3RA , prA! S1 ,
prA Bh (conj.) 45d ] S2S3R , ' S1 , ' Bh (conj.?) •
C! ] S1S2S3RA , C! Bh (typo, unmetrical) 46a pr I ] S2RBh , pr I S1S3 46b
,' ] S2S3RBh , , ! S1 46c я&G ] S2pc S3pc RABh , я&# S1 , я&G S2ac S3ac 47a
ac pc
] S1S3ABh , я S2 , j S2 47c ##HJnn ] S2RA3A5Bh , ##IJ, S1 , ##HJ-
ac pc
, S3 • 5 ] S1S2 S3RA3A7Bh , 5! S2 47e ] S2S3RABh , S1 47f
pc
'", ! ] S2S3Bh , '+,+,d! S1 (S1 unmetrical)
125
137
(138)
+2"5
126 e2#6tt 9
5 u ।
> j $% LM %#।
9 pr pr%॥ 48॥
u ।
( (BC s 9 tt।
i 69
%B
9 ( #॥ 49॥
( *Thm9 ktY $ %6।
*d 0 g.c B9 ॥ 50॥
yg { . DW. > ।
(?+ cpr%॥ 51॥
$( i mn *
Thm % +।
! я % . (#॥ 52॥
48b ,,IJA! ] ,! A' ! R (unmetrical) 48d ] ' R 49a " ] "" R •

] R 49c i 5 AG ] ig
5 AG #" R 50ab ktR'- ] C
-" R 50d G 5& ,& ] G & ,& R 51c +2 ] - R 52a ,mn ]
,mn R 52d A# ] AG# R
48b ,,IJA! ] ,! , A3 , ,! , + A7 , , ! A5 (unmetrical) 48c

#pr ] #-pr A3A7 , #- pr A5 (unmetrical) 49 ,'2 u ] om. A 49a " ] A3
A5 , ' A7 49b tt ] A3A5 , tt A7 49c Before this A adds ,'2 u।
50ab ktR'- ] kt - A7 , hn - A3A5 50b 9#A##, ] A# #,{#, A5A7
(unmetrical)} A 50c g#6c ] A3 , #6c A5 , g#6H A7 50d
& G 5& ,& ] & G ,& ,, A7 , &#,,, A3A5 51c +2 ] {
A3}- A 52d A# ] A3A5 , AG# A7 • 2"! ] A3A7 , 2 A5
48speaker indication syll. 1(2)b 4–b 6 S1 50d 6–d 7 S1 51(a 2, c 1)c 2–c 7(c 8–d 4) S1
48b ,,IJ ] S2Bh , , 2IJ S1 (aks.aras i.m. below mostly lost) , ,,IJ
S3 48d ] S1S2pc S3ABh , S2ac • prA ] S1S2RABh , prA S3 49a " ]
S1S2 S3A3A5Bh , " S2ac
pc
• p ] S2RABh , p S1 , p ! S3 49b tt ] R
A3A5Bh , tt S1S2S3 50ab ktR ! ] S1Bh , ktR S2S3 50b #, ] RA3Bh , #,)
S1 , #, S2S3 (unmetrical) 50c g#6c ] S2RA3 , g#c S1 , g#+6c
S3 , #6c Bh (typo) 50d & ] S1S3RABh , & S2 • G 5& ] S2S3Bh , G i& S1
• ,& ] S3Bh (em.?) , – ˘ ,& S1 , ,& S2 51a bg& ] RABh , b(dg&) S1 , g& S2 ,
& S3 • #2& ] S1S2pc S3RABh , #2&# S2ac 51b 2>& 2& ] S2S3RABh , 2&
2>& S1 51c ' ] RABh , –˘ () S1 , ' S2S3 52a ' ,mn ] S2S3ABh ,
'
,mn S1 52b A ] S2ac RABh , A S1S2pc S3 52d A# ] S1A3A5Bh , AG#
S2ac S3 , AG# S2pc • 2"! ] S1S3RA3A7Bh , 2! S2 (unmetrical)
126
138
(139)
+2"5
127 e2#6tt 9
* Tdy
k 0 pr LM।
% я > ॥ 53॥
i! u ।
tt
k
O > ।
e % %!
% я prя ॥ 54॥
u ।
ekt
я я % *%B ।
L c 0 y %tt ॥ 55॥
h y ।
| > > , pr 9 ( (॥ 56॥
a> %tt 5 , я 6 pr%।
$ r
^ r
^ *
Thm r
^
॥ 57॥
53ab f ' prIJ# ] f{ f Rac } ' r# " R 53c ] R 54a
2 ] 2g e R 54b f =# ] f +# R 54c e A ] e cc2 R 54d
A ] R 55c I#,c & 9+ ] I#c &# c R 55d tt ] ttM R 56b
,
] ,,
R 57a tt ! ] ttM R 57b я# 2 prA ] , # 2 ",
R 57c -6 ] -
6 R • , ] , R 57d r U ] r
U R
53ab f ] f A7 (unmetrical) , ( A3 (unmetrical) , A5

53b ' prIJ# ] + prIJ# A 53c + ] + A 53d ]
A 54a 2 ] A3A5 , e A7 54b f =# ] +# A 54d prя# ]
A3A7 , # A5 (unmetrical) 55c I#,c & 9+ ] I{C A3 , C A5}&
&+ A 56a g ] ' A 56c #6M ] #6M A 56d pr&5 ] A3A5 ,
#pr, A7 57b prA ] ", A 57c -6 ] - 6 A •rU , rU ] r
Ur U A7 , r
V
r
V A3 , r
U :
hm rU A5 (unmetrical) 57d rU ] A7 , r
U A5 , rV A3 •
# ] # A
54a 1(a 2–a 3) S1, (d 1) S2 57(b 4) S2
53b ' ] S1S2 , ' S3 , + Bh 53c + ] S2S3RBh , +! S1 54 i(
pc ac
u ] S1 S2S3RABh , om. S1 54a ## ] S2RABh , –˘ ( ) S1 (tops lost, unmetrical) ,
pc ac
## S3 (unmetrical) • tt
] S1 S2S3ABh , tt
S1 54b f =# ] S1Bh ,
f +# S2S3 54d A ] S2S3ABh , S1 • я ] S1S2RABh , я S3 • prя-
# ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , # , prя S1 55a :AG ] S2S3RABh , AG S1 55c I#, ]
S2S3Bh , C#, S1 56a g ] R , + S1 , ' S2S3Bh 56b , ] S3ABh ,
,, S1 , , S2 56c #6M ] S2RBh , #6'M S1 , #6M S3 56d pr&5 ]
S2RA3A5Bh , pr&, S1S3 57a C ] ABh , C S1 , dvy S2S3 57b prA ]
S1pc , prA S1ac , ", S2S3Bh 57c -6 ] S2pc Bh , -6 S1 , - ac
6 S2 S3 • r
U ] S2RA5Bh , rU
S1 , r V S3 • r
U ] S1RA5A7Bh , r U S2 , r V S3 57d r U ] S1S2A7Bh , r V,! S3 •
ac pc

# ] S1S2S3 RBh , #tt S3
127
139
(140)
+2"5
128 e2#6tt 9
$( * T$ 0 * Thm

।
a*T
B 9 % 5 , c॥ 58॥
a> }9
; ( 0 > ।
*
T hm9 r tt> ;6
॥ 59॥
|d 0 5 B0,।
a я~ я k 9 W ॥ 60॥
k
9 dv0 Mnn | hv 5 ।
t kt 0 ॥ 61॥

> r 0 ।
0 C 9 (dy॥ 62॥
ac
58c a:G ] :hm R 58d , C ] ,tt6 R 59a ] "c{ R }
R 59c r' ! ] #'+ ! + R 60a &+ ] &#tt R 61c t ] tt
R 61d ', ] 6 ', R 62ab M r' & ] "2' &
R 62cd ] ' "Gvv+ 25 "dy R
58a '-6 ] '- 6 A 58b # ] # A 58c a:G 25 ] a &{ # A5
(unmetrical)} 25 A 58d C ] pr A • 2c, ] A3 , 2cc, A5 , 2c, A7 59 ]
om. A7 59b " #2 M ] A3 , " #2 A5 (unmetrical) 59c '+ r' ! ]
'' A 60d 5 ' ] 5 tt A3 , 5 A5 , 5 '
A7 61a #dv ] A3 , # A5 , #d A7 • #Jnn ] #Jnn A3 , #Jnn A5A7 61b hv ]
A3 , A5 , hv A7 61c 9t ] tt A± 61d
kt ] o o A3A7 , o A5 (unmetrical) 62a + ] A 62cd ]
' ? > "dy A±
60(b 8) S1, (a 4)b 7(b 8, c 3) S3 61(b 1) S2
ac pc
58a 9:&'-6 ] S3RBh , pr& -ttR S1 , :& - 6 S2 , : & -6 S2 58b # ] R ,

# S1 , # S2S3 , # Bh 58c A ] S2S3RA , A. S1Bh 58d C ] em. ,
pc ac
Ctt, S1 , C2tt S2S3 , Bh (conj.) • 2c, ] S1S2 RA3Bh , 2c, S2 S3 59b
ac pc
" ] S1S3RA3Bh , S2 , S2 59c r' ! ] S1S2 Bh , r' S2ac S3
pc
60a
pc ac pc ac
od ] S1S2S3RABh , 2d Bh (typo) • &+ ] S2 ABh , & S1 , & –˘ S2 ,
()+ S3 (tops lost) 60c я ] S1S2RABh , я S3 60d ! ] S1S2S3RA3
A7 , ! Bh (typo) 61a f 5 ] S1S2RABh , f 5 S3 61b o ] S1ac S2S3RABh ,
pc pc ac
o S1 • hv ] S2S3RA3Bh , hv S1 • C ] S1S2 RABh , C S2 S3
61c ] S2S3Bh , S1 61d kt ] S1Bh , kt+ S2 , kt S3 •
pc
', ] S1ABh , ', S2S3 62a + ] S1R , +,! S2 , + S3Bh • r' ] S1 A ,
– –˘ S1ac , 'ktv S2S3 , AG Bh (conj., Bh reads AG' in S1) 62c ] S2S3Bh ,
S1 62d "dy ] S1pc S2S3RABh , "dy S1ac
128
140
(141)
+2"5
129 e2#6tt 9

v pr [ tt#।
k >%dyя #।
,%B h( ॥ 63॥
( $( !g ( s %Btt ।
я 6 c (B, *%B ॥ 64॥
( [ $( W #।
(c k
;tt ।
C 5 > dvk ॥ 65॥
a > j $( ।
9 dy >C 0 #॥ 66॥
g O9 ।
pr pr9 O9 5 ॥ 67॥
$( u ।
0 pr+, $ e ।
y h+ ॥ 68॥
63ab prN' ] pr" g R 63c f#+M ] j#+ R 64a
! ] R • (V ] V R 64c c ] + R 64d ' :AG ] 'g:AG R 65b
] R 65e # ? ] #tt! R 65f dvf ] dvfc R 66d ! ]
! R 68b 9- ] -" R
63a ] A7 , A3A5 63ab prN' ] prN A3A7 ,

A5 (unmetrical) 63c #+M' ] A7 , #+M A3A5 63f # ] -
# A 64a (V ] (V A3 , V A5 , =5 A7 64c c ] A3A7 , "c A5 65a N, ]
A3A7 , N, A5 (unmetrical) 65b ] A7 , A3 , om. A5 (unmetrical) 65e # ? ]
A3 , # A5 , #tt! A7 65f dvf ] dvf A3 , , f A5 , f A7 66d
! ] ! A 67b ] A 67d , ] " A 68d #,' ]
,,' A
64(a 7) S2 65(b 8) S1 67a 1 S2
63a ] S1pc S2S3RA7Bh , + S1ac 64b ", ] S1S2RABh , ", S3 pc

• AG ! ] S2S3 RA
Bh , AG S1S3ac 64c c ] S2S3A3A7Bh , cc S1 64d ' :AG ] S2S3ac ABh , ':AG
S1S3pc 65a N pc
, ] S1S2S3 RA3A7Bh (, retraced in S1) , N
ac
S3 65b ] S3
pc ac
A7Bh (em.?) , #A S1 , S2 • ! ] S2 RABh , { S1 }() S1 ,
( ) ! S2ac ,
pc
! S3 , ! S3
ac
65e # ? ] S2A3Bh , #tt,! S1 , #tt S3 •
M + ] S2S3RABh , Mc+ S1 65f , ] S2RABh (or in S2) , , S1S3
66a M ] S2S3RABh , M S1 66d M? ! ] S2Bh , M "tt S1 , M -
! S3 67a V , ] S2S3RABh , V #+ S1 67b #=5, ] S1S2S3RA , #5, Bh (typo)
• ] S2S3RBh , S1 67d , ] S2pc RBh , ', S1S2ac S3 68b ]
S2S3RABh , dy S1 • 9- e ] S1ABh , - S2S3 68c b ] S1S3RABh , b
S2 • h&2 ] S2S3RABh , h&2 S1
129
141
(142)
+2"5
130 e2#6tt 9
*%
h
$ ।
( > $ + ।
*%
> * TB tt> ,,॥ 69॥
ekt
O9. ,% ।
> pr L 0 r -॥ 70॥
pr< r 5 0 %(Bя।
a% dy j. 6 0* T#॥ 71॥
% * T hm9r^ ( dy ।
69 ttd ,॥ 72॥
pr pr ! $ (9 %,9 ।
[ kt
T
।
pr kt *%
* T
B T #॥ 73॥
a% ,%B R *
T hm9 ।
a c ( ,+ *. ।
a% > [ dy >C pr% ॥ 74॥
69b ] R 69d ] Rpc , () Rac 69f ' 2 ] 2tt? ' R 70b A, ] A-
R 71b &, ] &+ R 72a r U ] r
U R 72b dy ] dy R
73ab #pr
( -
"5 ] -" , R 73e pr kt ] kt
pr R 73f ,! ] ' R 74b :hm5+ ]
:
hm
5+ R 74e aA& +' ] a#A (+M)! R
69b + ] A3 , + A5A7 69c -+ ] A3A7 , + A5 (unmetrical) 69d -
,+ ] { A7}+ A 69ef :ttM
G ' ] :
{:
G A7 (unmetrical)} ! ttM A
70a ,
, ] ,

5
( A 70c–75f ] om. A
69e 4–e 5 S2 71(c 5–c 6) S1 72(c 7–c 8) S2 74(b 8) S1, d 1–d 5(d 6–d 7) S2
69a g ] S1S2RABh , g S3 •
+ ] S2S3RABh , + S1 69b - ] S1RA
Bh , - S2S3 69c #" ] S1S2pc S3RABh , #" S2ac • +M -+ ] S2S3RA3
A7Bh , -я+ S1 69e : G ! ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , :
G S1 70a , , ] S1S2RBh , , ,
S3 (unmetrical) 70b #=5! ] S2RABh , #=5 S1S3 (unmetrical) • A, ] S2S3ABh ,
A, S1 70d +r ] S1S2RBh , +r S3 (unmetrical) 71b & ] S2S3Bh ,
& S1 71c dyj# ] S1S2pc S3RBh , dyj# S2ac 71d # ] S1pc S2S3RBh ,
ac
S1 72a :hm5 ] S1S2S3RBhpc , ,! :hm5 Bhac (typo) • r
U ] S1S2Bh ,
rV S3 72c 5 ] S1S2RBh , 5 S3 72cd 'tt+ ! ] R , 'tt S1 , (' ) ! S2ac
(unmetrical) , ( ) ! S2pc , ttttt! S3 , Bh (conj.) 72d # ] S1S2S3R , #
pc ac
Bh (em.) 73b - "5 ] S1Bh , - ", S2S3 73d
] S1 RBh , ( ) S1 (unmetrical) ,

ac
S2 , #pr
S3 73e pr kt ] S1S2Bh , pr kt S3 • #:A
&# ] S2S3RBh , #A { A S1 }# S1
(unmetrical) 73f :# G ] S3Bh (em.?) , ky S1 , : #
G S2 74a aA ]
S1S2RBh , aA S3 (unmetrical) • AG | ] S2S3RBh , AG , S1 74c ] S1RBh ,
S2S3 74d # ] S2S3RBh , # S1pc , # S1ac 74e aA& +' ] conj.
Bh (in a note Bh reads c in S2) , aA& #" S1 , aA& +' S2S3 (tops lost in S2) • MNdy ]
S1pc S2S3RBh , M"dy S1ac 74f M? ] S1S2RBh , M S3 • ! ] S2S3RBh , ' S1
130
142
(143)
+2"5
131 e2#6tt 9
0
kt
; O9 0 ।
u *%
%B %B я ,#।
} *%
kt [ L
॥ 75॥
u ।
ektc|( 9c | 0BM,।
u |dyh % , #॥ 76॥
e
,5 %B *.tt ।
a i prh9 *T
*,. я#॥ 77॥
dv} % cc| ।
y pr ( O ॥ 78॥
L ? ।
6> |dyh O9 kl M,।
| h pr # V h* ॥ 79॥
75de ] om. R 75f ,N ] N R 76a–79 speaker indication ] om. R 79b ' #=5
kl
J# ] #=5 A # R 79c g ] R
76ab #5c#, ] #5& A5 , #5& A3 , #,& A7 77b AG' ] AG A 77c

g5
pr ] A3A7 , mn
pr A5 77d : ] : A7 (unmetrical) , #:G A3A5 • я, ] : A 78a

dv# ] { - A5}# A 78b ' cc ] A3A7 , ' A5 78c , b-
] ,# A3A5 , # a A7 78d pr" ] A7 , pr" A3 , " A5
79 I#,Q ] #,Q A3A5 , C u A7 79b ' #=5 kl J# ] #=5 c o IJ#
A7 , #=5 co cc# A3A5 79c g ] A3A5 , A7
75(f 1) S3 76b 7–d 5 S2 79(d 3–d 7)d 8 S2
pc ac
75a +' ] S1S2 R , +' S2 S3 , c Bh (conj.?) • ] S1S2S3R , #"
pc
Bh (conj.?) 75d AG AG ] S2S3Bh , AG AG S1 • я,,! ] S2 Bh , я,, S1
(unmetrical) , я,dd, S2ac S3 75e ] S2S3Bh ,
! S1 76ab #5c#, ] S3pc Bh
(em.?) , #5 I#,! S1 , #5c#, S2S3ac (unmetrical, tops lost in S2) 76c o ]
S1pc S3ABh , o S1ac (unmetrical) 76d ,! ] S2S3ABh , ! S1 77b tt ]
S1pc S2pc ABh , tt S1ac , tt S2ac S3 77c g5 pr ] S2A3A7Bh , mn
pr S1S3 78a dv# ]
S2S3 , -# S1 , ! (# Bh (conj.?) • A& ] S1S2S3A , A& & Bh (typo) 78b
'
cc ] S2A3A7Bh , ' S1 , ' S3 78c , b ] S2S3 , , b
dy S1 , , # a Bh (conj.) 78d & pr"#=# ] S3A7Bh (em.?) , &' r#-
ac
=#{ # S1 } S1 , &gprN#=# S2 79 I#,Q ] em. , &# u S1 , I,
u S2S3 , &#Q Bh (em.?) 79b ' #=5 ] S1S3 , ' #=5 S2 , #=5 ' Bh (conj.?)
• klJ# ] em. , #klH ,_ S1 , kl
IJ# S2S3 , kl #IJ# Bh (conj.?) 79c , ]
S1S2RABh , , S3 • g ] em. Bh (silently) , g S1S2S3 79d ! g:2+ ]
S1S3RABh , + ! + (g:+2++) –˘ S2 (upper parts lost)
131
143
(144)
+2"5
132 e2#6tt 9
яj . ( .D #।

+ O| j #॥ 80॥
ektv L pr !dv?9 pr।
9 pr(nnc % pr%॥ 81॥
O9 c ?9 0।
d %d *B/ %+9#॥ 82॥
6
?9
L ,R #।
% ; O9 я, 0।
pR dvy ( %я,॥ 83॥
g L %#।
r( h ^ ^ % +॥ 84॥
яj >C . ( . 9 #।
a*. , ( J *.tt#॥ 85॥
80a # ] R 80c #,#=o ] ,#o R 80d +# ] +# R 81a I-
#, ] I# R 81c pr"nnc ] pr"nn+ R 81d ] . R 82d ,-
# ] ,# R 83a #,& Q5 ] #я Q5 6 R 83b I#, ] I#
R 83c ] , R • + + ] #" R 83f ,#A ] ,# R 84ab ] 2#V
& M # ,! R 85ab M? 2", ] 2"++, 2vv,! R 85b

#,! ] &#я,! R
80a #яj # ] #яj{ A7} A 80c #,#=o ] A3A7 , # #=o A5 81–
83 ] om. A 84b 2, I#, A! ] 2 I{C A3A5},
#+M A± 84d # U
# U
' ] A3 , # V # V
' A5 , # U i' A7 (unmetrical) 85ab ", ] " a A5 ,
", a A3A7 (unmetrical) 85b #,! ] &#,! A 85c–88d ] om. A
80(a 1) S2 83(a 4) S2 85(d 6–d 7) S1
80a #яj ] S1S3RA3A5Bh , #яj S2 80b 2" ] S2S3RABh , 2" S1 •

pc ac
> ! ] S1S2 RABh , > S2 S3 80c #,#=o ] A3A7Bh , #,#=o
S1 , #nn=o S2 , #,=o S3 80d +# ] S2S3A , # S1 , +# Bh
(conj.) 81a I#, ] S1Bh , c#, S2S3 81b dvQ5 ] S1S2RBh , dvw5 S3 • pr# ]
S2S3RBh , pr# S1 81c 5 ] S1S2pc S3RBh , # 5 S2 81d ] S1 , pr-
S2S3 , pr Bh (conj.) 82a 6 ] S2S3RBh , S1 82c d ] S1S2RBh , d S3
(unmetrical) 82d ,# ] S1S2Bh , , # S3 • A&5! ] S1S2S3R , #A5!
pc ac
Bh (typo, unmetrical) 83a ] S1 , M S2S3Bh • Q5 ] S1 S2S3Bh , #Q5 S1 83b
| ! ] R , | S1 , | ! S2S3Bh 83c + ] S2S3R , + S1 , N Bh
(conj.) 83d #,#я ] S1pc S2S3RBh , #,#я S1ac 83e |! ] S1R , |! S2S3Bh
pc ac pc ac
83f 9#" ] S2S3RBh , # S1 • #,#я ] S1S2 RBh , #,#я S2 S3 , #,#я S3 84a
] S1S2ABh , S3 (unmetrical) 84b #, A! ] em. , #,+ S1Bh , #,HA S2 ,
#,+ A S3 84c + ] S2S3RABh , S1 84d # U ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , # V S3 •
A ] S2S3RABh , A S1 85ab ", ] S1Bh , ", S2 , " , S3 85b

#,! ] S1S3Bh , # ! S2
132
144
(145)
+2"5
133 e2#6tt 9
ady C (C *. cc d#।

C O ^
я ,॥ 86॥
d %tt. . +,9#।
9 5 L c ॥ 87॥
9 9L ।
0 - g- #॥ 88॥
O9 , *. dg
R prяj
।

0 , O9 ॥ 89॥
[ + , 0 ;।
g- |d O9яC #॥ 90॥
,;5 , g pr

;।
я ; 0 ॥ 91॥
86a ady ? ] a|! R 86b cc ] IJ{ cc Rac } R 86c '? ] '-
vv R 86d я,, ] я,,! R (unmetrical) 87c + ] +M R 88a ]
R (unmetrical) 88b 2 ] 2 R 88cd ] Rpc , –˘ Rac 90c 2V. ]
–˘ –˘ +2+"=" R 90d #=5я? ! ] #=5vvhm>! R 91a ! ] vv
R 91b #V ] #V R
89b prя ] A5A7 , prя A3 (unmetrical) 89c ] 6 A3A5 , o A7 89d # ]
A3A5 , # A7 90b ,! ] A3A7 , A5 90b , ] A3A7 , ,
A5 90c
V. ] #V A 90d я? ] o A • ! ] A3A5 ,
! A7 91ab ] om. A7
91b 2#V pr# ] #, ! J
,& я,dd, A3 , #, J
я,, A5 (cf. 86d)
86(b 3) S3 88c 1–c 3(c 4–c 8) S1 90c 1–d 8→ S1 91←a 1–c 6 S1, (b 4–b 5) S3
86a ? ] S1S2pc S3Bh , –˘ –˘ ! S2ac 86b cc ] Rac Bh (conj.?) , tt S1 , ccc S2 ,
pc ac
c S3 , c S3 • d ! ] S2S3Bh , d S1 (subscript A corrected) 86d # U ]
pc ac
S1S2RBh , # V S3 • ,, ] S1S2 Bh , ,dd, S2 S3 87a Before this Bh adds ,'2
u। 87ab tt ] S2RBh , S1 , tt S3 (unmetrical) 87cd C I ]
S1S2RBh , Cc S3 87d ', ] S1pc S2S3RBh , ', S1ac 88a ] S2S2S3pc RBh ,
ac

S3 88b I ] S1 S2 RBh , I S1 S2 S3 88d V. ] S1S2Rpc Bh , V S3
pc pc ac ac
•
pc

! ] S1S2S3R , ! Bh (typo) 89a # ] S2S3RABh , #dv S1 89ab
pc ac
dg6 | ] S2 RABh , gtt |
R S1 , 6 |! S2 ,
| S3 (unmetrical) 89b
prя ] S2RA5A7Bh , pr S1 , prя S3 89d # ] S1pc RA3A5Bh , # S1ac S2ac S3 ,
pc
#" S2 90b ,! ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , S1 90b , ] S2pc S3RA3A7Bh , ,
S1S2ac (visarga possibly lost in S1) 90c ] S2S3A , Bh (conj.) 90d #=5я? ] em.
Bh (silently) , #=5я S2ac , #=5 я S2pc , #=5я S3 (unmetrical) • ! ] S3A3A5Bh ,

! S2 91a ! ] S2A3A5Bh , S3 91b #V ] S2S3 , V. Bh
(conj.) 91c ] S2S3RABh , · · · S1 (tops lost)
133
145
(146)
+2"5
134 e2#6tt 9
O9 p( (
pr #।
h * Thm * T#॥ 92॥

6> tn
ddvя
।
6
0 ,ll/0 ॥ 93॥

> hy+ pr (
v #।
a 9
;v ,
।
k > ; ./0 v #॥ 94॥

; dv0 * T hm9
+ ,
।
, $ ; dvя tt#॥ 95॥
* Thm r O9. ,% ।
db. j 0 #।
$ pr ! > R #॥ 96॥
*
Thm ( 6+ 5 (Bя . (।
я , 5 , ; ॥ 97॥
92b # ! ] # R 92c g ] ' R 93b tn, ] j

, R 93d ]
vv R 94e f#+M ] pr#+ +#+M + R 94f +& ] ,! & R 95d --
, ] -,c R 96b 2 ] , 2 R 96e - ] - Rpc , Rac 96f
+ M ] +c –˘ (C) R 97a 'C ] ' R
92a #), ] #n { n A5} A • ] A3 , A5A7 92b 2 " ! ] 2

! { !
A7 } A 92c g ] ' A 93b tn
, ] A5A7 , яtn
, A3 93c–95b ] om. A 95c
#, + ] A3 , #, + A5A7 95d -, ] b
, A5 ,
, A3 (unmetrical) , +
A7 (unmetrical) 96a ] A3A5 , A7 96cd ] repeated in A5. 96d 2 ! ]
∗
', A3A5A5 , ', A7 96f ] A 97a 'C ] ' A3A5 ,
' A7 97b ] A3A5 , A7 97c я ] я A
92(b 8) S2 93c 8–d 8→ S1 94←a 1–e 2 S1, (a 8–a 9, b 8, c 6, f 2) S3 96c 2–f 8→ S1 97←a 1–
a 8 S1
92a #=5 ] S2pc RABh , #=5 S1S2ac S3 • #), ] S2S3RBh , #n S1 • " ] S1S2
RA3Bh , "6 S3 (6 retraced) 92b 2 " ! ] S2S3RBh , 2 "dv ! S1 92c g ]
S1S2pc S3Bh , g S2ac 92d ] S1S2ac S3RABh , –˘ S2pc ? (an illegible or erased ak.sara
and in Bengali script below , unmetrical) 93b tn , ] S2S3A5A7Bh , kl
, S1 • -
] S1RABh , #dvя S2S3
#ddvя 93c ,+ ] S1S3R , ,M S2Bh 93d ! ] S2Bh ,
ac pc
S3 94a hy
] S2RBh , hy
S3 (unmetrical) , hy ( ) S3 (unmetrical) 94b '" -
v ! ] S2S3R , '" v ! Bh (em.?) 94e ] S1S2S3ac RBh , я S3pc (i.m. in
Bengali script, unmetrical) 94f + ] S2S3Bh , +' S1 95a '#dv ]
S2RBh , , ' #dv S1 , '#dv S3 95c ] S2S3RABh , S1 95d -,
pc ac
#dv ] S1 Bh , - ,(dv) S1 , -, #dv S2S3 96a :
hm ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , : hm5
, S1 96b #=5! ] S2S3RABh , #=5 S1 (unmetrical) 96c , ] S3RABh , · · ·
S1 , , S2 96d 2 ! ] S2S3R , ', Bh 96e - ] A , - S2S3Bh
96f ] S2Bh , S3 97a # ] S2pc S3RABh , # S2ac • 'C ] S2Bh ,
'C S3 97b "Gя#' 2" ] RA3A5 , "G#я c#" 2 2я S1 , "Gя#' +#6+ 2"
S2 , "GL#' 2" S3 , "Gя#' #6 2" Bh 97c я ] S1S2pc RBh , я S2ac S3
134
146
(147)
+2"5
135 e2#6tt 9
0 ( я ( (

r।

pr >, T Jh*% я॥ 98॥
a> kt ( % dy ।
+ % V $gc; *
T#॥ 99॥

u ।
L ( g T।
*
T
B tt
%.+ 6 ॥ 100॥
0 u ।
% g c ।
iLM O9 0C , я #॥ 101॥
u ।
pr 06+tt#।
e pr pr9 , ॥ 102॥
98b +2 ] + R 98d ] R 99a aM+ kt+ ] " kt+ +M R
99b dy ] dy# R 99c +- ] ,!
R 100d 2 # ,! ] 2 c ( )#-
! R (unmetrical) 101 & u ] ##Q R 101d ,! ] vv R 102 ,'2
u ] om. R
98a я! ] я A 98b +2 ] +2 A3A5 , 2 A7 98cd M Dg: ]
M Ag A7 , M A A3 , M AGA
A5 (unmetrical) 99a aM+ kt+
] a)+ kt+ A7 (unmetrical) , av+ kt+ A3 (unmetrical) , av"+ kt+ A5
99b dy ] dy# A 99c +-! ] A5 , ,! -! A3 , ,! 6- A7 100 -
] A 100a I, ] A7 , C,
A5 , C A3 100c # ] A3A7 , # A5
100d ] A3A7 , pr A5 101 & ] A3A7 , & & A5 101d +'
#я ,! ]

+' #я A
98(b 3–b 4) S1 99(b 3)b 4–d 8→ S1 100←speaker indication–b 8 S1 102a 4–d 8→ S1
98a я! ] S2pc RBh , я S1S2ac S3 98b +2 ] S1S3 , + S2 (unmetrical; an
insertion mark after + , aks.ara i.m. possibly lost) , +2 Bh 98cd M ] S1S3R
Bh , M? S2 98d Dg: ] S2S3RBh , g: S1 • A я, ] S1RABh , A я,
S2S3 99b dy ] S2S3pc Bh , dy S3ac 99c ] S3RABh , + S2 • +- ]
S2A5Bh , - S3 100 ] R , S2S3Bh 100a , , ] S2RABh , ,
S3 100b ] S2pc RABh , S2ac S3 100c 9#A# ] S2pc S3RA3A7Bh , #A # S1
ac pc ac
(unmetrical) , # (#) S2 100d 2 ] S1S2 S3ABh , 2 S2 (unmetrical) • -
] S2S3A3A7Bh , g S1 101 & u ] S3A3A7 , &# u S1 , & u S2 ,
&#Q Bh (em.?) 101a # ] S2S3RABh , # S1 101b
] S2S3RABh ,
, S1 101c ? ] S1S2RABh , d S3 101d ,! ] S2S3Bh , S1 102a ]
S1S2S3RA , Bh (typo) 102b tt! ] S2pc RABh , tt S2ac S3
135
147
(148)
+2"5
136 e2#6tt 9
tt
V h* %
।
a > ; $
(9 ; +॥ 103॥
> 6v % 6+ я।
u cc *T
B pr
॥ 104॥
0 u ।
>
; tt pr% ।
i tt > mn
; %я॥ 105॥

u ।
>
v s mn ;> tt#।
%6 | ( , (O(. .#॥ 106॥
a R , ( >।
( + h sn dy ॥ 107॥
103b A ] ,! A,! R 103c #+M ] #+M R 103d -"5 ] -

", R • w# ]
w++ R 104a v ] j' R 104d #pr #, ] #" # R (unmetrical) 105 &
u ] &#Q R 105a ] g R 105d A'я ] Annя R 106 ]

ac
R 106ab +M, v## p ,mn ! ] +M,"{ v R } i# ,mn R 106c A#
o ] Ao 5 R 107a a6 ] 6 R 107b " #, ] "#nn R (unmetrical) 107c
#66 " # ] #66 # R
103a tt ] nnkt A3A5 , ,kt A7 103c #+M ] #+M { ! A7} A3A7 , #+M # A5
104a ] , + { + A7} A • M v ] A3A7 , v A5 104b я ]
A3A7 , A5 inserts 33.120b 1–130b 5 between and я 104c cc ] A3A5 , c A7
104d #, ] A3A7 , # A5 105 & ] A5A7 , A3 105a #'+M ] ! #+M-
A • ] A3A7 , om. A5 (unmetrical) 105b tt ] ! A# A 105c +M, ] A5 ,
+M, A3A7 105d ,mn ] ,mn A3 , ,mn A5 , ,#mn A7 • A'я ] A#ddvя A3 , A#dvя
A5 , #dvя A7 106 ]
A 106ab +M, v## p ,mn ! ] +M,v##
,mn A 106c A# o " ] A o "H A 107a a6 ] 6 A • 9|,! ]
A3 , |cc
,! A5 , |II,! A7 107b " ] A
103←a 1–b 8 S1 105b 6–d 8→ S1 106←speaker indication–b 8 S1
103b g:2 , ] S2S3RA , g:25 Bh (em.?) 103c #+M ] S1Bh , #+M S2 , #+M
S3 (unmetrical) 103d w# ] S1pc S2pc ABh , w# S1ac S2ac S3 104a v ] S1pc S2S3A3A7Bh ,
ac pc ac
(dv)v S1 104b ] S1 S2S3RABh , ( ) S1 104c cc ] S1S2RA3
A5 , S3 (unmetrical) , Bh (em.) 104d #pr ] S1ABh , #pr,! S2 , #pr S3 •
#, ] S1S2S3A3A7 , # Bh (Bh reads # in S2) 105 & u ] S2S3A5A7 (& u in
S2) , &# u S1 , &#Q Bh (em.?) 105a ] S2S3A3A7Bh , S1 105b -
,tt ] S2S3RBh , , S1 105d 'я ] em. Bh (silently) , 'я S2S3 106 ]
em. , S2 ,

S3Bh 106c A# o ] conj. Bh (silently) , A o S1 , A#
2 S2S3 (unmetrical) 106cd ,, ] S2S3RABh , nn, S1 106d ]
pc ac
S1S3RABh , S2 107a 9| ,! ] S1S3 RA3Bh , |cc S2 , | S3 107c #6 ]
S2S3ABh , S1 • " # ] S1ABh , " # S2S3
136
148
(149)
+2"5
137 e2#6tt 9
*
T hm9 % я ? 0 ,9 ।
,( (,kt ?!. pn #॥ 108॥
> 9>C %6 ; ( ( #।
av 0\. hy sn pr pn (O.#॥ 109॥
a ( { r > hpr#।
s mn > 9{ #।
%O \. (
69॥ 110॥
^
p ।
9C +C %
tt > 9
Ttt#॥ 111॥
,( (, kt 9( % ।
ah( *. ॥ 112॥
c pr 9 nn > (।
( я я (D \. #॥ 113॥
108a ] R 108b ] R 108c "" ] Rac , " Rpc 109ab &M?
A# ] &M | ' ! R 109cd hy6 sn ] 6 sn R 110c
p ] R 110f +#" ] +# R (# retraced) 112c a2g", ] pr2g",
R 113b ,M ] ,! tn,! vvM R 113cd я ,я+ + ] я ! ,+ + +
R (unmetrical)
108a :hm5 ] :hm5,! A3A7 , :hm5,,! A5 (unmetrical) 108b Q ] A • ]
A 108d Q( ] A 109a +M5 &M? A# ] +M,c{ , A3A5} &M? dy {dy

A3(unmetrical) , dy A7(unmetrical)} A 109b "",,! ] M ! "",, ! A3A7 , -
M '"", ! A5 (unmetrical) 109c hy6 ] 6 A 110 ] om. A 111b ) ] A3A5 ,
) A7 • , ] , A 111cd ] om. A 112c a2g", ] A3A5 , a2;",
A7 113b ,M ] ,! tn,! M A± 113cd ] om. A
108c 3–d 8→ S1 109←a 1–c 8 S1 111(a 6–a 7)a 8–d 8→ S1, (b 4–b 5, c 4–c 5) S2 112←a 1–b 2
S1 113c 3–c 4(c 5–c 6)c 7–d 6 S2
108a :hm5 ] S1S2S3ac RBh , :hm5 S3pc 108b Q ] S1RBh , Q S2S3 • ] S1Bh ,
S2S3 108c ""# ] Rac ABh , vv· · · S1 , "" S2 , +vv+"" S3 108d
Q( ] S2S3R , Bh • pn ! ] S2S3RA , pn Bh (typo, unmetrical) 109a +M-
pc ac
5 ] S2 RBh , +M, S2 S3 109b ] S2S3 , M ! Bh 109c hy6 ] S2pc S3pc Bh , hy6
S2ac S3ac 110a #" ] S1S2S3pc RBh , "& S3ac 110c ] RBh (em.?) , S1 ,
,! S2 , ,! S3 • p ] S1S2S3 , p, Bh (typo?) 110d +M5 ]
S1S2RBh , +M, S3 • ,! ] S2S3RBh , A ! S1 110e ] RBh (em.?) , S1
pc ac
S3 , S2 , ( ) S2 110f +#" ] S2 , N+ S1Bh , –˘ ˘ S3ac , p# S3pc
pc ac
111a # U ] S1 S2S3RABh , #,U S1 111b ) ] S2S3RA3A5 , Bh (conj.?)
pc ac
• , ] S2 S3RBh , #, S2 111c ? ] S2S3R , + Bh (conj.?) 112a ##,-
kt ] S2RABh , #,kt S3 (unmetrical) 112b 5" ] S2RABh , · · ·" S1 , 5"
S3 (unmetrical) • ] S2S3RABh , S1 112c a2g", ] S2S3A3A5Bh , a2g"5
S1 • ,! ] S2S3RABh , 5 S1 113c ,я! ] S3Bh (em.?) , ,я S1 , () –˘ –˘ S2
113d "> ] S1S3pc RBh , "> S3ac
137
149
(150)
+2"5
138 e2#6tt 9
,( (,kt ,*0я,।

9
v % , ॥ 114॥
>
v > $(,
+ ।
,( (prkt
9
v % %॥ 115॥
( 9 ett ॥ 31॥
114b :# ] :, R 114c 5

v ]
v R 114d ] vv R 115b
-" ! ] "
! R 115c ""pr ] ""cc R Col. i# r&+2"5

b>
&#-
'gnn e2#6tt ॥ (a.) R
114b :# ] :, A 114c 5 v ]

v A 114d ] #,' A 115a
6 ] A3A7 , 6
A5 115b -" ! ] "! A 115c ] ""##,kt A3A7 (unmetrical) ,
""#5 A# kt A5 115d A# # ] A# # A Col. i# r&{i# A7}+2"5
e2&# sr # #g:2b> &'g e2{ 'g
A3 , 'g2 A7}#6tt
A± (A3 adds 30 , A5 31 and A7 a )
114(a 6)a 7–d 8→ S1, (c 8, d 2) S2 115←a 1–b 3(b 4–b 7) S1
pc ac
114a ""# ] S1RABh , " 2 S2S3 • kt ] S2 RABh , kt S2 S3 114b #я-
pc ac
] S2 S3RABh , #я S2 114c 5 v ] S2S3 , 5 v Bh (typo) 114cd
] RABh , ( ) S2 , S3 115a #+' 2 ] S2S3RA , #+' 2 Bh (conj.?)
• 6 ] S2RA3A7Bh , 6 S3 115c ] S2S3RBh ,
S1 115d # A& ] R
Bh (em.?) , ,# S1 (i# part of col.) , # A&
# S2S3 (i# part of col.) Col.
117 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5 -"&# ,॥ S1 , +2"5 2(#6!#
)· · · S2 , ॥ +2"5

2#6!# ++॥ S3 , i# +2"5 -"&# ,
e2#6tt Bh
138
150
(151)
+2"5
139 dv#6 9
dv ।
u ।
enn
.
5 $ prя (।
a я v 0
я pr я॥ 1॥

% 0 ,।
5 ; ॥ 2॥
(< cc
я ।
a dv; ( 9
॥ 3॥
u ; я * 0 ( #।
l}9 0 9 #॥ 4॥

, c 9 > ।
> j , ,
(॥ 5॥

% 0 p %।
9dy
॥ 6॥
pc ac
2d–3a ] om. R 3c dv ] 6 R 5a '
] R , 'd
R 5b 5 M ] 5-
#M, R 6b #), A ] #), R 6d #2 25 ] #2k5 R
1c aя' 9v
, ] A3 , a' v
, A5 (unmetrical) , aя ! v
, A7 1d pr-

] pr
A (unmetrical) 2a #,2, ] #,2 A 2d &# ] # A
3a "Hcc ] "H & A 3cd ] om. A 4c l5 ] A3A5 , r5 A7 5a
'
] A3A5 , ''
A7 5b # c 5 M ] # 5#M, A3A5 , # c 5#'2
A7 5d " ] A3 , " A5A7 6b #), A ] #), A3A5 , #),'#),
A7 (unmetrical) 6cd ] om. A
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 8.27a (f. 52v), 1.13a (f. 53r, one third of left part
broken off), 1.12b (f. 53v), 1.24b (f. 54r), 1.25a (f. 54v), 1.5a (f. 55r), 1.4b (f. 55v), 1.14b (f. 56r),
1.15a (f. 56v, mostly effaced and retraced), 6.18a (f. 57r, mostly effaced and partly retraced), 6.17b
(f. 57v, mostly effaced), 1.31b (f. 58r), 1.32a (f. 58v), 6.17a (f. 59r) and 6.16b (f. 59v); S2 exposures
40a–45b (f. 46v–52r); S3 f. 50r–56v; R f. 66r–72v; A3 f. 39r–43r; A5 f. 69v–78v (f. 73 and 74 are
reversed); A7 f. 54v–60v.
1a 4–d 8→ S1, speaker indication S2 2←a 1–d 8→ S1 3←a 1–b 6 S1, d 1–d 3 S2 5(b 6–
c )c –d → S1
2 3 8 6←a –d S1
1 4
pc ac
1a 2 ] S2 S3RABh , 2 S2 (unmetrical) 1b - ] S2pc S3pc RABh , - S2ac S3ac • prя-
pc ac
"# ] S2S3 RABh , prя"# S3 2cd 6 ] S2ac S3RA , 6 S2pc Bh 2d 6 ]
S2ABh , 6 S3 • &# ] em. Bh , &# ! S2S3 3a ] S2pc Bh , ! S2ac S3
pc ac
• "Hcc ] S2S3 Bh , "H S3 (unmetrical) 3c dv ] S1S2Bh , dv S3 4c l5 ]
pc
S1RA3A5 , #lV S3Bh , #lV! S2 5a
] S1S3R A3A5 , ! S2 , Bh 5b # c ]
pc ac
S2S3RBh , ' # S1 5c j ] S3RABh , j S2 , яj S2 6d # dy ] S2S3RBh ,
dy S1
139
151
(152)
+2"5
140 dv#6 9
mn , $ |9 % ।

a B .ptc я pr
я।
a(B,
;
; ॥ 7॥
0 c ( tt pr% ।
.>
, 0 #॥ 8॥
u ।
ekt 5 % 6+% я।
u pr ( ।
(B,я r 9 prя ( %॥ 9॥
% j , % +
।
y (. , cLM % ॥ 10॥
.. { %6{ 6 5
$9 ।
| 0 9 T , ॥ 11॥
7a mn - ] , mn # 2D? R 7c G ] ' R 7f # ] "-

# R 8ab c#" ' tt+ ] ' tt + + R 8d + M, ] +
(+ ), R 9a C ]
C R 9b AAя ] A я R 9f A
] A R
10b # ]
R 10d A##, ] A##, R 11a A2 & ] A2 & R 11c '25 ,
]
'2, R 11d ] + dd R
7a mn - ] , ' # 2? A3 , , ' # 2? A5 , , nn #d 2D? A7
7b #A ] prA A 7c G 9#ptc ] G "#ptc A 7d pr 'я ] pr
'я A
(unmetrical) 7e ] A3A7 , A5 7f # ] #+M A3 , #, A5 , -
#+M A7 8b ' ] A 8cd 2+ M , #& ! ] 2+ , #& A 9c
pr& ] A7 , pr
& A3 (unmetrical) , pr& A5 9ef ] om. A 10b 2 & ] A3A5 ,
2vv & A7 • # ] A3A7 , A5 10d A##, ] A##, A 11a Before this A adds 2
pādas reading ekt & , #',। ±
• A2 & ] ,, A
2 & A3 , ,,
A 2 & A5 (unmetrical) , ,, A 2# A7 (unmetrical) 11c o '2 5 , ]
od2 5 , A3A5 , od A&5, A7 11d ] A
8c 4–d 8→ S1, (d 3) S2 9←speaker indication–c 3 S1, (e 1–e 4) S3 11b 3–d 8→ S1
7a mn - ] em. , mn vv- S1 , ,mn - S2S3 , , mn #-
2? Bh (conj.) 7b #A ] S1S2S3R , prA Bh 7c a ] S1S2RABh , a S3 7d
pr
'я ] S2S3RBh , pr 'я S1 7ef , ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , S3 7f
pc ac
# ] S1RBh , # S2S3 , #, S3 8a &+ ] S2S3RABh , &c S1
pc ac pc
8b tt+ ] S2S3ABh , tt + S1 8d + M , ] S2 Bh , + ( ), S2 , + ' , S3 ,
ac
+ , S3 9c pr& ] S1RA7Bh , pr& S2 , pr
& S3 9e я#, ] S1S2
RBh , ( я)#, S3 • r #5 ] S2S3RBh , +'r #5 S1 9f ] S1S2RBh , S3
10a ' A ] S1RABh , 'A S2S3 10b 2 & ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , 2vv & S1 10c b ]
S1S2RABh , b S3 (unmetrical) 10d #IJ# ] S2S3RABh , #IJ# S1 11a Before
ac
this Bh adds 2 pādas reading ekt C
, #',। • A2 & ] S2 S3Bh , A2#
S1 , A2 &! S2pc 11b C -5 ] S2RABh , C -5 S3 (unmetrical) 11c , ]
S2RBh , ,r S3 11d ] conj. Bh (silently) , gdd S2ac , S2pc , g
S3ac , gdd S3pc
140
152
(153)
+2"5
141 dv#6 9
6dy pr% ।

яj %6{ktY CgY . ।
*d 0 g. *d y. ॥ 12॥
yg 0O B9 ( ।
dv %я % ॥ 13॥
~ (6>{ ?5 ।
%! . pr

% ॥ 14॥
* Ttt + 6g pr% ।
[ 6я 9( ॥ 15॥
0 ;$ % #।
Eяj ( 5
;. ky nn॥ 16॥
12a dy, ] ', R 12b prA ] r R 12c A2 &ktR ] A2 &ktR! R
12e–14d ] om. R 15b V ] "=" R 15c ' ] R 16a +2 ] +2
R 16c +Lяj ] +dyj R
12a–d ] om. A 12f 2:d ] 2& :d A3A5 , 2& : A7 13a ,=2 ]
A3A5 , A7 (unmetrical) 13b G 5& ] G & A3 , G& A5 , G 5&
A7 13c dv+ ] A3A5 , dv++H A7 13d , #,A ] A3A7 , prA #,A A5
(unmetrical) 14a _,+ ,& ] g+ ,& A 14b ,, QC ] ," A3 , ,-
" A5 , ," A7 (unmetrical) 14d & ]
A3 ,
A5 ,
A7 •
A,, ] A,, A3A7 , A,, A5 15ab ] A3A7 , A5 15b V ] A3 ,
srV A5 , v A7 15c ' ] A3A5 , A7 16a +2 ] +2 A 16b +- A-
+! ] '-'prA A3A5 , '
-- A+ A7 (unmetrical) 16c +Lяj "#C! ]
+dyj
& A3A5 , +dy#d dd& A7 16d #nn ] pr#nn A
12←a 1–b 2 S1, b 7–b 8(c 1–c 3, c 8)d 1(d 2, d 6) S3 13(a 3) S1 14a 1–d 8→ S1 15a 1–a 2(b 5)
S1
12a dy, ] S3Bh , dy, S2 12b ,#2# prA ] S2Bh , · · ·2# prA
S1 , ,#2# ˘ –˘ S3 12c яj ] S1S2RBh , (j ) S3 • A2 & ] S1S3Bh , A2 &
S2 12d ?VR ] RBh (em.?) , (?VR S1 , ddVR S2 , –˘ ( )(V S3 13a bg ] S3A ,
b() S1 , bdg S2 , bg Bh (typo?) • ,=2 ] S2S3Bh , ,+2 S1 13b G 5& ]
S2S3Bh , G ,& S1 13c dv+ ] S1S2pc S3A3A5Bh , dvH+ S2ac 13d #,A ] S2S3
ac pc
A3A7Bh , # #,& S1 14d &
& ] S2S3 Bh ,

& S3 ? 15a tt ] S2S3RABh ,
pc ac
S1 15ab ] S1S2 RA3A7Bh , # S2 S3 15c N ] S1S2RABh , N
S3 (unmetrical) 16a ] S2S3RABh , + S1 16b +- A+! ] R , + -
pc pc
A+ S1 , +- A! S2S3 , +- A+! Bh (conj.) 16c +Lяj ] S1 S2
ac ac
Bh , + яj S1 S2 , + j S3 16cd "#C+6 ky ] S2pc RBh , " #C6 ky S1 ,
ac
"#C6 ky S2 S3 16d #nn ] S1S2S3R , pr#nn Bh
153
141
(154)
+2"5
142 dv#6 9
%6{%B+ c *d 0 g. #।

*dB9 yg ।
V $c%,яc
; k ॥ 17॥
6g pr9 %B ,mn 9
v।
u pr j.%B,

।
a j ( ,5 % ॥ 18॥
% #। 9
pr
я j LM ।
%! ) 6 9
v॥ 19॥
% 9
(9 ।
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ॥ 20॥
pc ac
17a A2 & ] A2 & R 17c G 5& ] G 5& R , G & R 18a V ] V
R 18e aj" ] prj" R 19b # ] # R 19e A(2; ] 6 2; R 19f
pc ac
5v ] A
v R , A v R 20a 9+ ] R 20cd ] +6
| яd&nn-
,"+ R
17a A2 & ] A2 & A3A5 , A2 & A7 17b 6,! ] A3 , (,! A5A7 17c G 5& ]
G 5& A3 , G 5& A5 , G ,& A7 17e Aя ] A3A5 , >Aя A7 17f f,, ]
(я, A3 , (я, A5 , (,, A7 18a V ] V A3 , V A5 , V A7
18b #,mn 5 v ] #, 5 v A3 , #, 5 v A5A7 18e , ] +,!
A3 , '+ ! A5 , , A7 (unmetrical) 18f #A ] prA A 19ab # ] A3A7 ,
# A5 19c pr 'я+ ] pr
+ A3 , pr + A5 , pr +
A7 19d j ] A7 , A3 , A5 19ef ] om. A 20a 9+ ] A 20b
5,! ] 5 A3 , 5 ,! A5 , 5 A7 20cd ] +6| яd&,mn ",! 5,! A3 ,
6 | я d,",! 5,! A5 (unmetrical) , +6 | яd&,mn C",! 5,! A7
17a 7–e 7 S1, (a 1–a 3) S2 19b 3–f 3 S1, (b 8–c 1)c 2–c 6 S2
17a A2 & ] S1S3Bh , A2 & S2 • AG# +c ] S2S3RABh , G# · · · S1 17c G-
pc ac
5& ] S2 Bh , G 5& S2 S3 17d bg& ] S3RA , bdg& S2 , bg& Bh (typo?) • ,& ]
S3RABh , ,& S2 17e -c Aя ] RA3A5Bh , -c Aя S2 , #-5c я S3
17f ,, ] S1pc S2S3RA7Bh , , S1ac (unmetrical) 18b #,mn ] S2RBh , #,mn
S1 , #nnmn S3 18c prj#AG' ] S1S2RABh , prj# AG' S3 (unmetrical) 18e , ]
S1pc S2S3RBh , , S1
ac
18f '2 C ] S2S3RABh , 2ttC S1 19a A, ] S2S3
RABh , A S1 19c pr 'я+ ] R , (pr) –˘ –˘ –˘ ˘ – + S2 , pr
'я+
S3 , pr
++ Bh (conj.) 19f '2' ] S2RBh , · · ·' S1 , '2' S3 • 5v ]
S2pc Bh , , v S1 , 5
ac
v S2 S3 20a 9+ ] S1S2S3 , Bh • A ]
S1S2pc RABh , A ac
S2 S3 20b 5 2#"5 ] RBh (conj.) , 5 2#"5 S1 , -
5
++ 2#"5++ S2 , 5 2#"5 S3 20cd ] Loss of 2 pādas conjectured , om.
S1S2S3 , +6 | яd&nn,"5,! Bh (conj.)
154
142
(155)
+2"5
143 dv#6 9
((, * h kt j *. ।

y c ; ; pr% ।
Cc % j pr> ~ ॥ 21॥
u ।
-
; % 6-।
яp nn ~ -॥ 22॥

( ( , ;
R r(।
> (< dg9 , dyj #॥ 23॥
u ।
6$ y. g dv ( ।
9,6gc
,?(,%।
pr
$ j %tt ॥ 24॥
21a–d ] om. R 21e ?c ] Rpc , c Rac 21f prM ,_ ] prM ,_
R 22a , ] .g
, R 22b #A ] # R 22c nn ] nn!
R 23b |r ] + ++r R 24a 2,b 6 ] 2,b
R 24f 9A ! ]
A ! R
21a "+" : gkt ] +" :,g2! A3A7 (unmetrical) , +" ,g2 A5 21b -
: ] ', A 21d prA ] , + A
'prA A3 , , + A'prA A5 ,
, + NA,! prA A7 21e ?c ] c A3A7 , c A5 21f prM ]
A7 , prM A3 , pr A5 (unmetrical) 22a , ] .g, A3A5 , .g, A7 22b
#A ] # A3A7 , # A5 22c nn ] ,! A3A7 , , A5
(unmetrical) 22d #,# . ] #,,# A3A7 , ,# A5 (unmetrical) 23b |r-
&" ] A3A5 , v,prA A7 23c #+M'"H ] "H A3A7 , " A5 (unmetrical)
23d dyj ] A3A5 , j A7 24a - 2,b 6 ] -c 2,,+ A3 , -c 2,-
,
+ A5 (unmetrical) , #яdc 2 + A7 24b &" ] A5 , &" A3A7 24c
5 ] A7 , + & A3 , + & A5 • gc ] hnc A3 , c A5 , gc A7 •
##! ] A7 , #
! A3A5 24d #,A ] A7 , #nnA A3 , #nnA A5 24e #+,! ] +
A 24f 9A ! ] A ! A3A7 , A ! A5
21(a 3–a 4, c 2–c 3)c 4–c 5(c 6–c 7)c 8–d 1(d 2–d 7)d 8(e 1–e 8)f 1(f 2)f 3–f 8→ S1 22←a 1–d 4 S1
23(b 3–b 8, c 4–c 6, d 2, d 7–d 8) S1 24(a 1–a 8)b 1–b 5(b 6–c 1)c 2(c 3–c 4, d 6–d 8)e 1–f 8→ S1
pc
21a "+" ] S2S3Bh , +"() S1 • : ] S1S2Bh , : S3 • gkt ] S1S3 , gkt S2 ,
ac
gj S2 , g2! Bh (conj.) 21b #+j ] S1A , #+я S2 , #+ я S3 ,
pc ac
+Lя Bh (conj.) • : ] S1Bh , ', S2 , ', S2 S3 21c 2 y+
pc ac
,# c ] ABh , 2 ( + ) –˘ ˘ # – – –˘ S1 , 2 y+ ,# c S2 , 2 y+ ,# c S2 S3 21d
pc
prA ] conj. Bh , (") –˘ S1 , prA S2S3 21e ?c A,! ] S2R , (c A)
S1 , c A S3 22c я) ] S2RABh , я) S3 (unmetrical) 22d #,# . ]
S1ac S2S3R , #,#,. S1pc , #,,# Bh 23c dg5 pc
, ] S1 RA , (dg5
ac
), S1 , dg5-
, S2S3 24a 2,b 6 ] conj. (cf. Bh 74.2c) , (2,b + ) S1 , 2,b + S2S3Bh
24d Q ] S2RABh , g Q S1 , Q S3 • " #,A ] S2S3RA7Bh , "vv (#nnA) S1
24e #+,! ] S2RBh , #+ S3 24f j ] RABh , j S2S3 • 9A ! ] S2S3 , A !
Bh
143
155
(156)
+2"5
144 dv#6 9
9
v*. d .( #।

pr [ %
, pt .pr% ।
я я > #॥ 25॥
hy
, , ( ।
i %.[ pr pt % LM [ #॥ 26॥
( j% , *.
।
e
v ,9 > ( ।
C ( dv [ % ॥ 27॥
a> % , ।
*. ( ।
a % cc
#॥ 28॥
a> j tt ।
% %dy R #।
*
T
B j ( ॥ 29॥
25f w#'я 9M ] #dvя,M Rpc , #dvя(M) Rac (unmetrical) 26c i#A#N ] i##N
R 26d IJ&#N ,! ] IJM #'+M ,! R 27b ] R 27d " # ]
ac
R 27ef ] vv? + #dy dv hy
{r R }A#, R 28e a++ A cc ]
a+ A 6 R 29d ,+|## ] ,++# R
25c prN A ] prN { i A3} A,!{ ! A7} A 25d–26a ] om. A 26b
+ ] A3A7 , A5 26c #N ] #N A 26d IJ ]
A 27b : , ] :, A • ] A 27c ev
5M ] e
vD,#A A 27d " #
] A 27e ++#" ] + #" A3A7 , + " A5 27ef # dvN ]
# '{'+ A7} hy A 27f A#, ] A3A7 , A, A5 28a '+#, ] #
, A3 , -# , A5A7 28ab + , ]
, A 28b ] A5 , A3 ,
A7 28cd ] om. A 28e a++ A cc ] a+ { A7}A cc A 29b
#, ] A3A7 , om. A5 (unmetrical) 29c + ] + A 29f ]
A3 , A5 , A7 (unmetrical)
25←a 1–c 2 S1 27a 5–e 5 S1 29a 8–e 7 S1, (d 2–d 3)d 4–f 3 S3
pc ac pc ac
25c A ] S1S2 RBh , A S2 S3 25d prA ] S1S2 RBh , prA S2 S3 26a hy,-
pc ac
] S1S2S3 RBh , hy, S3 26b "', ] S1S2pc S3RABh , "',! S2ac 26c
#N ] S2S3RBh , #N S1 26d &#N ,! ] S2S3ABh , &#N ! S1 27d , ]
S2RABh , ++ S3 27e ++#" ] S2pc S3Bh , · · ·+#" S1 , ++#" S2ac 27ef # -
dv! ] em. Bh (silently) , dv! S1 (unmetrical) , # dv! S2S3 28ab + , ] S2S3RBh ,

, S1 28c : ] S2S3RBh , : S1 28e a++ ] S2S3Bh , a++ S1 •
A cc ] S1S3Bh , A c S2 29a ##! ] S2S3RABh , #· · · S1 29d ,+| ]
S1ABh , ,+dy S2 , ,(+C ) S3
156
144
(157)
+2"5
145 dv#6 9
ekt 9 ,

( ।
, pr 9 % pr 9 v ॥ 30॥
[ B B (
।
pr>% C я v#॥ 31॥

;
pr L (
; % , ।
* Thm. #॥ 32॥
| ,B ,9
v #।
O nn |h , 0॥ 33॥

+ C dv ky r я#।
u pr , Bя,#॥ 34॥
pr 9 6 O %*,. , ;।
prhy dv h dy ,#॥ 35॥
30c 6 ] g6 R 30d After this R adds 2 pādas and speaker indication, reading
ac
+ M "Iy,{, R } 6,G5 v। 6 । 31a 6NG G ] '-
"+ ,! A! R 31b ] R 32a + pr I,#" ] + pr I, R
32b A,! ] A R 32c + ]
+'ktv R 33b ,G ] vv R
• 5 v,! ] 5 v R
30a kt+ ] ktv A3 , kt A5 , kt A7 30b

] A3A7 , A5
• ] A3A5 , A7 30c 6 ] ?6 A3 , ?6 A5 , g6 A7 • ]
A 30d ] After this A3 and A7 add 2 pādas reading + MNI,+ 6,G Mo। , A5
adds 4 pādas reading + MNI5 A pr# 5 v। + MNI,+ 6,GMo।
31a 6NG G ] a:#+6 A!! A3 , a:#+6 A! A5 (unmetrical) ,
a A! A7 (unmetrical) 31b ] A3A7 , A5 31cd prMA?
, ] prMA,! , A3A7 , prMA,,,! A5 (unmetrical) 32 ] om. A 33b ,G ]

A 33c =#nn ] +#nn' A 33d # ] # A3A7 ,
# A5 34a ? ] 6 A 34c u ] A3A5 , A7 (unmetrical) • pr,! ]
A5A7 , pr,! A3 (unmetrical) 34d G#я ! ] :& ! A 35bc :# । +'prhy ]
:# । +'pr| A3A7 , :| A5 (unmetrical) 35d # ! ] #я A3A7 , #я
A5 (unmetrical)
30(d 6) S1 31d 4–d 8→ S1 32←a 1–d 4 S1 35a 4–d 8→ S1, (c 4–c 5)c 6–c 8(d 1–d 8) S2
30a kt+ ] S2S3RBh , ktv+ S1 30b " ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , " S3
(unmetrical) 30c 6 ] S2Bh , 6 S1 , 6 S3 • pr5 ] S2S3RBh , pr-
5+ S1 31a NG ] S2Bh , NG S1S3 31c prM ] S2S3RBh , prM S1 31d ,
я ] S2S3RA3A7 , , я· · · S1 , ,я Bh (conj.?) 32a + ] conj. Bh (silently) , +
pc
S2 , + S3 33a ] S1S2S3 RABh , S3ac •
pc
] S1S2S3 RABh , S3
ac
33b
,G! ] S2S3 , vvAG S1 ,
! Bh • After this Bh conjectures loss of 2 pādas, starting
'ktv 33c #nn ] RBh (conj.?) , #nn# S1 , #, S2S3 33d , # ]
S2S3RBh , vv, dy# S1 34a ? ] S1S3RBh , S2 34c pr,! ] S1S2S3pc RA5
A7Bh , pr S3ac (unmetrical) 34d G#я ! ] S1S2S3RBhpc , G#я ! Bhac (typo) 35a
6 ] S2S3RABh , 6 S1 35b # ] Bh suggests #" in a note. 35c 'prhy ]
S2pc RBh , 'pr(hy) S2 , 'prhy S3 (unmetrical) 35d # ! ] R , (#я )+,!+ S2 ,
#я ,! S3Bh (in a note Bh suggests # ,!)
145
157
(158)
+2"5
146 dv#6 9
p%% , 0
;c j dy।
+ *.tt ,nn h #॥ 36॥
ektv
я %! pr ( #।
%! . |d %! #॥ 37॥
9
v c |d B ( ( y $(।
pr> v ; 9v ।
6 ( , g sr $(॥ 38॥
я ( *dv ,> y#।

sr (।
5 c$(c . c R ( #॥ 39॥
%! ( pt | dyLM #।
5 gh% > + - #॥ 40॥
36b dy ] # R 36cd :tt + ,! ] db tt" #" 'vv,! R 37b
A( ] Q( R 38c pr+M6 ] "Iy+ Rac , a' Rpc (i.m.) 38cd v ] 6
Mc R 39a "
, ] , R 39d sr ] r R 39e C,! ] C,,! R
39f c ] c R 40a A( ] Q( R 40c CVgA ] C+ gA R 40d
M ] M R
36a w#'#)A! ] w#d A 36b dy ] # A3A7 , # A5 36cd :tt

+ ,! ] db tt" #" '? A± 37a я+& ] A3A7 , я+ A5 37b #A( ]
&Q( A3 , &Q( A5 , #Q( A7 37cd od#A ] A7 , od a#A A3 , d#A A5
(unmetrical) 37d ( ] A3 , A5 , (( A7 38b ,'"y ] ,'"dy A3A5 ,
g'"y A7 38c pr+M6 ] pr+M A3 , pr#+M A5 , pr+ A7 38cd v ] 6
b A3 , 6 b A5 (unmetrical) , 6 Mc A7 39a я, ]
tn5 A3A5 , :d,c A7 39c &
2, ]
2, { A7} A 39d
sr 9 ,#" ] A3 , r #" A5 , r 9 #" A7 39f c ]
A3A7 , # A5 (unmetrical) 40a #A( ] &Q( A3 , #Q( A5A7 • &pt' ] A3 ,
&pt'6 A5 (unmetrical) , &ptdv A7 40b o+ dyIJ ] o+ A3A5 , o+ dyc
A7 40c CVgA ] A3 , C2 A5 , CV A7 40d M ] A3 , M A5 ,
M A7 (unmetrical)
36←a 1–a 3 S1, (a 1–a 5)a 7–a 8(b 1) S2 38a 5–e 6 S1 40(a 6–a 8)b 1–c 7(c 8–d 8) S1
36b ] S1RABh , () S2 (unmetrical) , S3 (unmetrical) 36c :tt ] S1S2S3Bhpc ,
ac
tt Bh (typo, unmetrical) 36cd + ,! ] em. Bh (silently) , vv? S1 ,
,! S2 , S3 37b A( ] S2pc Bh , A( S1S2ac S3 37cd od#A ] S1R
A7 , od a#A S2Bh , od a#A S3 37d ( ] S2RA3Bh , ( S1 , (
S3 38a 5 vc ] S2S3RABh , 5v· · · S1 38b ,'"y ] S2S3pc RBh , ,'"y S3ac
pc ac
(unmetrical) 38d 5 v ] S2 RABh , 5 v,! S2 S3 39a я, ] S1S2RBh , я,
S3 39b #,! ] S2S3RABh , #,! S1 39c ] S1R , S2S3Bh • 2, ]
S1RBh , 2 S2S3 39d sr ] S1A3Bh , sr S2S3 • ,#" ] S3RA3 , "
S1 , ,#" S2 , " Bh ( conj. ) 39f c ] S2S3A3A7Bh , S1
• 9|&",! ] S1S2RABh , |&" ! S3 40a &pt' ] S2S3RA3Bh , (&pt#) S1 40c
CVgA ] S2A3Bh , CVA S3
146
158
(159)
+2"5
147 dv#6 9
%
(BO9c
T+
।
0O y + ( #॥ 41॥
O9 c| d ,#।
5 gh% > . ॥ 42॥
+ c > dykt d. . #।
5 9 (6>5 ( #॥ 43॥
a c
- , d > #।
,9 ॥ 44॥
я c ( tt 6$।
, ,9 6 db. #॥ 45॥
pr . %p B ( 9#।
pr( . 6v j %!
॥ 46॥
41a "G=5c ] prn+ Rac , pr5+ Rpc (i.m.) 41b ,,# ,, ] ,'2#" ,, R 41d
# ] # R 42c CVgA ] a –˘ ++ +gA R 43ab M ,dyktd ]

,Nktd R 44a 9. ]
R 45b 6 ] 6 R 46a 'pr#-
+ 2 ] 'pr# + 2 R 46c pr&#" ] pr&pt R
41b ,,# ,, ] ,'2#" ,, A 41cd ' # ] '#M+ A3 , -
'# M+ A5 (unmetrical) , #+ A7 41d " ! ] ! A 43a # c ]
A7 , # c A3A5 • M ] A 43ab
,dyktd ] + ,G+ dd A3 , + -
,G+'5 A5 , ,)Lяg"d A7 43c C+6
5 ] A7 , Cdd+6
5 A3 (unmetrical) ,
C6, A5 43d "#MC ,! ] "#MC+ A3A5 , pr#MC A7 44a
9. ]
A3 ,
. A5 (unmetrical) ,
. A7 44b d ] j2.{ A7}; A 44c
,,+6 ] ,+6 A3A5 , ,+6 A7 (unmetrical) 44d ] A3A7 , -
, A5 (unmetrical) 45b 6 #- ] 6 6 ,! A3 , 6 ,! A5
(unmetrical) , 6 6,! A7 46a 'pr#+ ] # A3A5 , j # A7
46c ] A7 , , A3A5
42(a 5) S3 43c 1–c 4(c 5) S1 44(c 5–c 7) S3 46d 1–d 2(d 3) S1
41b ,
# ,, ] S2S3Bh , (# ,, S1 41d # ] S1S2Bh , # S3 • "-
! ] S1S2S3R , " ! Bh ( conj. ) 42b ! ] S1RABh , #nnA S2 , #,A S3
43a # c ] S2S3RA7Bh , # c S1 (anusvāra possibly lost) 43b ,dyktd ] S2Bh ,
,dyktdyd S1 , ,dydyd S3 (unmetrical) • ,! ] S1S3RABh , ,! S2 43c
' ] S1S3RABh , S2 43d "#MC ,! ] RBh (conj.?) , "#MC+ S1 , "#MC
S2S3 • " ! ] S1S2RABh , M ! S3 44a ac ] S1S2RABh , ac S3 •
-

] S1S2A3Bh , S3 44b d #+M ,! ] S2S3RBh , d#'M ,! S1
44c & 5 ] S1S2S3RA , 5 Bh (conj.) 44d ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , S3
pc ac
(anusvāra possibly lost) 45a
] S1 S2S3RABh , om. S1 (unmetrical) 45b 6 ]
pc ac
S1S2 S3Bh , 6 S2 (unmetrical) 45d +,,! ] S2S3RABh , +nn, S1 46a
2 ] S1S3ABh , 2 S2 (anusvāra possibly lost) 46b G" ] S1RA , G" S2S3Bh
46c pr&#" ] S1ABh , pr&#" S2S3 • ] S1RA7Bh , S2 , S3 46d
9#A( ] S2S3RABh , #A( S1
147
159
(160)
+2"5
148 dv#6 9
6 (9 0 pr।

0 > #॥ 47॥
( %! pr ( #।
(. j 6 (9#॥ 48॥
u ।
e
6 5 9
; ) >
; ।
9
;

, 9 ॥ 49॥
pr(nn ,
. ( #।
)
; LM 5 #।
pr
% ॥ 50॥
47b , ] +,+ R 47c ] " R 48a " ] c" R 48d
ac pc
] () R , R • After this R adds 2 pādas reading ,-6 #d&
! । 49a #,2 ] #2 R 49b 2; ] 2;! R 49d 5 ]

" R 50a pr"nn+ ] ,! prtt+ Rpc , ,! pr( )+ Rac 50f ]
R
47a ] A3A5 , ,! A7 47b ] A3 , A5 , A7 (unmetrical) 47c #
] A7 , # ! A3 , # ! A5 (unmetrical) 48a " ] " A
48b A( ] A3 , A( A5 , A( A7 48c ", ] ",+ { A7} A (unmetrical)
48d ] A • After this A3 and A5 add 2 pādas reading ,-6 dv:d & -
| ! । 49 ,'2 u ] om. A 49a #,2 ] #, A3A7 , ##, A5 (unmetrical)
49b 5 2; M ] #6#.2 A3 , #6#.2 A5 (unmetrical) , vv
#6#.-
2 A7 49c ] A 49d 5 ] 5 A 50a "nn+ ]
"{ A7}nn A 50b #, ] A3A7 , ,! +#, A5 (unmetrical)
50c 2; ] A3 , 2; A5 , gprяnn A7 50f ] A
50a 1–a 3 S1
47b ] S2S3RA3Bh , S1 47c # ] S2RA3A7 , # S1S3 (unmetrical) • -
] S1S2S3RA , Bh (conj.) 47d ##+2 ] S2S3RABh , ##+2 S1
(unmetrical) 48a " ] S2S3Bh , " S1 48b A( ] S1pc RA3
Bh , A( S1ac S2 , A( S3 48d ] S1S2Bh , S3 • After this S1 adds 2 pādas
i.m. by sec. hand, reading ,-6 #d& ! । , while Bh adds ,-6
dv:d & | ! । (cf. 32.123) 49b 5 2; ] conj. Bh , 5 2;! S1 , 5 A(!
S2S3 49d ] S2S3ABh , S1 50a "nn+ ] S2Bh , · · ·, S1 , "nn+
S3 50b #, ] RA3A7Bh , vv vvc S1 , #, S2 (unmetrical) , ?

#, S3 50c # ] S2RABh , # S1S3 50d IJ ] S2S3RABh , IJ S1
50f ] S1Bh , S2S3
148
160
(161)
+2"5
149 dv#6 9
u ।
ekt 9 яp , pr ।
pr 5 T y ॥ 51॥
B
h* 9v#।
a(< , dg ॥ 52॥

6v pr9h cc
;g,pt
я#।
p% % 6 * Thm 9 T॥ 53॥

।

n jpr,।
j t |॥ 54॥
j
, ।
(g6 O9 , %~
॥ 55॥
! %, ।
|n ॥ 56॥
51 ,'2 u ] om. R 51a ekt ] ekt+ R 51b pr ] R

52b g: ] R 52c a"H ] a"H R 55b
]
R 55c ##"#V2
#=5 ! ] ###"Vh #=5 R 56a #( ]
( R
51 ,'2 u ] om. A 51a ekt ] ekt+ A3 , ekt A5 (unmetrical) , e-

kt A7 51b After this A3 and A5 add ,'2 u। 51c C ] A3A5 , C
A7 51d # ] A3A7 , # A5 52a ,# G
] A3A5 , A7
52b g: 5&v! ] 5&v A3A5 , ,:& ! A7 52c a"H ] a"H-
A 53a pr5g cc+ ] pr5g + A3A7 , pr5g
A5 53c #)A,&#A ]
#)A5&#A A3 , #d:&#A A5 , #d,&#A A7 54d o + ] -
o + A3A5 , , + A7 55b ] A3 , A5 , vv
A7 55cd ] om. A5A7 • 2 #=5 , ] 2 #V , A3 56a #(#, ]
(#,{ 5 A7} A 56b A ] A A3A7 , + A A5 (unmetrical) 56cd ]
om. A
51(c 6–c 8) S2 52c 4–c 6 S1 55c 4–d 1 S1
51a ekt ] S2S3Bh , ektv S1 51b я) ] RABh , я) S1S3 , я)
dd S2 51c
C ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , S3 51d # ] S1S2pc RA3A7Bh , # S2ac S3
52a ] S1S2ac S3R , , S2pc 52c ', ] S2S3RA , · · ·', S1 , ', Bh (conj.)
52d dg ] S1S2pc RABh , dg S2ac (unmetrical) , S3 53ab pr5g cc+ V! ] S2RBh ,
pr5g cc+ V S1 , pr5g V,! S3 53c #)A,&#A ] S2pc R , #)A +2 kt#A
S1 , #)A,&#A S2ac S3 , #)A,&#A Bh (conj.) 54a n ] S1S3RABh , n S2
54b pr 2 ] RA , prdd2 S1Bh , prtt2 S2S3 54d + ] RBh (conj.?) , + S1 ,
+ S2S3 55c ##"#V ] A3Bh , ##"#"· · · S1 , ###V S2S3 55cd #=5 , ] em.
Bh (silently) , · · · S1 , #=5 nn+,+ S2 , #=5 , S3 56a #( ] S1Bh , -
( S2S3 • #, ] S1S3RBh , #, S2 56d o ] S1S2S3R , w Bh (typo?)
• ] S1S3RBh , S2 (unmetrical)
149
161
(162)
+2"5
150 dv#6 9
9 ;

T ।
(BO9 % ॥ 57॥
gh% | O9 c|
; ।
jpr9
j (tt ॥ 58॥
0 h *
Thm9 я ।
5 ~T,%6
R 6O9 ,h* ॥ 59॥
srp . (
> ; ।
u( O9 c я я ॥ 60॥
%!prя ।
+ , ( 9
v6я ॥ 61॥

( 6 * 9 (,9 ।
% % M॥ 62॥
,. . % ।
6g v j c j#।
pr |0 6 ॥ 63॥
57ab ] om. R 57c "G=5 ] "G=5 ! R 59a ,# ] ,#A R 59c A ]

R 59d 2=5 ] я R 60a sr) ] sr) R 61a ] ' R 61b A( ]
Rpc , :( Rac 62d A#J ] A#cJ R 63b 2 ] #v R 63d j c
j,! ]
j+ M R
57a 6 ] 6 A 57b ] A3A5 , A7 57c "G=5 #, ] A3

A7 , "=" #5 A5 57d , 6 ] ,
6A A3A5 , , 6A A7 58 ] om. A3 (A2
(ff. 85v–86r) used for A3) 58b #=5 co+ # ] #=5:+ M # A2A5 , #=5:+ M
A7 58c pr5 6 ] pr5 c A 59a ,# ] ,# A 59b :hm5 ] A3 , :hm5

A5 A7 59c–60b ] om. A 61ab ] om. A 62ab ] om. A 62d A#J ] A,!
# A3A5 , A,! # A7 (unmetrical) 63b 2 ] A 63c #v ] ? A3A7 ,
A5
57(d 7) S1 58(c 5–c 6)c 7–d 6 S1 61(b 1–b 4) S1 62a 3–a 5 S1, (c 3)c 4–d 8→ S3 63←a 1–a 4
S3
57a 6 ] S2Bh , 62 S1 , 6 S3 • 25 ] S1S2S3A , 25 Bh (typo,

unmetrical) 57c "G=5 ] S3A3A7Bh , "G=5 ! S1S2 58c pr5 6 ] RBh (conj.) , (pr5
)· · ·
S1 , pr5
c S2S3 59ab ] S1(R)(A)Bh , om. S2S3 59c | ] S3RBh , S1 , | S2
60d ] S1S3RABh , om. S2 (unmetrical) 62b :5"5 ] RBh (em.) , 5"5 S1 ,
:5" S2 , :5"" S3 62c A,! ] RABh , A S1 , A,! S2 62d A#J ]
em. Bh (silently) , A#IJ S1 , A # S2 63b A, ] RABh , A, S1S2S3
63c V ] S2S3RABh , #V S1 63d j c j,! ] S1S3ABh , j
c j S2
150
162
(163)
+2"5
151 dv#6 9
u ।
i (
pr ?>।
n( 9 % ॥ 64॥
u ।
ekt
> #।
u pr ky ,
#॥ 65॥

u ।
|d % ll% ।
|d O Eя $9
॥ 66॥
ektv 9 h ।
pr
C ।

( я ॥ 67॥
64a i ] i R 65a kt ] Rpc , kt R

ac
•
! ]
R 65b + #+M-
,! ] +,!+G #+M ,! R 66 ]

R 66b
# ] #A R 66d -5-

] -5 ! R 67a ektv ] ekt R
64 speaker indication–d ] om. A 65ab

+ ] A3 ,
! A5 ,
()
A7 65b + ] A3 , + A5 , + A7 65c prky ]
A3A7 , A5 (unmetrical) 65d ,! ] ' A, A 66
]

A 66b llA ] A3A5 , llA A7 66c od ] A7 , od A3A5 66d , +Lя&-
] ,
+я&C A3 , A
+я&C A5 (unmetrical) , +я&C A7 67a ektv ] A3 , ekt
A5A7 67cd ] om. A 67ef ] {+
A7(unmetrical)} & #v"# я A
• After this A adds 2 pādas reading pr
,# :&।
64c 7–c 8 S1 65(b 2–b 8)c 1–c 8(d 1–d 2) S3 67d 2–d 3 S1
pc ac
64b #, ] S1 S2S3R , #, S1 (unmetrical) , pr Bh (conj.) • Q#'M ] S1RBh , -
#'M S2 , #+M S3 64c "#5 ] S2RBh , – –˘ S1 , N#5 S3 64d A' ]
RBh (em.?) , A' S1S2 , A' S3 65 ,'2 u ] S2S3RABh , om. S1 65ab

+ ,! ] em. Bh (silently) , S1 ,
S2 ,
( ) S3 (anusvāra
possibly lost) 65b #+M ,! ] S1RABh , #+M ! S2 , (#+M !) S3 65d ,! ]
S1R , ! S2 , () S3 (unmetrical) , ' A, Bh
66 u ] conj. , om. S1 ,

u S2 ,
u S3 ,

u Bh 66a , ] S1S3R
pc
ABh , , S2 66b # ] S2S3ABh , # S1 • llA ] S1S2 RA3A5 , llA
S2ac , A S3 (unmetrical) , :llA Bh (typo) 66c od ] S2S3RA7Bh , od S1 66d
+Lя& ] S2RBh , +я& S1S3 67a Before this Bh adds ,'2 u। • ektv ]
pc ac
S2A3Bh , ektv! S1 , ekt S3 • ] S1S2 RABh , S2 S3 67c pr'-
?! ] RBh (em.) , pr
vv,! S1 , pr
' S2 , pr
S3 67e +
]
S1RBh , v S2S3
151
163
(164)
+2"5
152 dv#6 9

prg
v ।
pt. kt(< j d#॥ 68॥

(%
Th vll 6sn
, % ।
(c $ 9( (< ॥ 69॥

B,. , hyB ,! ।
a $pt B
, . ( ॥ 70॥
a(<
% B ,%#।
\ {
pr
9 %6#।
6g
;c 0
;c
;,9
EE. ; %
;॥ 71॥
((< tt ।
pt я { nn %#।
я
6 5 pr
9, ॥ 72॥
68d "Hjd ! ] "Hc яtt R 69a "#Ag ll 2,! ] (pr) –˘ –˘ ˘ 2 !
Rac , pr#H 2,! Rpc (unmetrical, sec. hand) 69b 2'sn,! ] 2sn,! R 69d "-
H ] "H ! R 70b hyG #( ] d# R 70d " ]
"" R 71d pr2
5 ] a25 R 71e–74d ] om. R
68a ] A3A5 , A7 68b &v+ ] { A7}+ A 68d "Hjd ! ] "Hc

яtt A 69b A# ] A3 , A# A5A7 69c "c- 5" & ] -,!{- A7}
5"& A 69d ] A 70a G ] A3 , G A5 , G A7 70b
hyG #( ] G A 70d " ] A3 , " A5A7 71a a"H+ ]
a"H+ ! A3A5 , a"H A7 71b , ] A3A7 , , A5 (unmetrical) 71c +S# 2,# -
] 2,#"{# A7} C A 71d #A ! ] # dy A3A7 , # A5 71ef
#c6#5 LL A ] #c6 #A , A± 72a "H+ ] "H A 72c 2 -
&2 ] 2 y A3 , 2 y , 2 y, A7 72f pr2
5 ] A3 , pr25
A5
(unmetrical) , pr2
cc A7
68(c 7–c 8, d 6)d 7(d 8) S2 71a 1–a 3 S1, (a 4, b 4, b 7–b 8)c 1–d 8(e 1–e 2) S2 72(f 5) S2
68a pr#V! ] S2pc RABh , pr#V S1S2ac S3 68d "Hjd ! ] conj. Bh , "HLя + -
S1 , "H+,!+я() –˘ ( ) S2 , "Hяd S3 69a "#Ag ] S2S3ABh , "#Ag
S1 69b 2'sn,! ] S2ABh , +2+'sn S1 , 2=5 S3 • A# ] S2S3RA3Bh , A# S1
69cd ] om. S1 70a G ] S2RA3Bh , 5G S1 , G S3 70b hyG ]
S2S3Bh , G S1 • #( ] S2Bh , # S1 , #( S3 70c + G , ] S2R
ABh , + Gtt , S1 , + tt , S3 (unmetrical) 70d ] S1S2pc RABh , S2ac S3
71a a"H+ ] S3RBh , –˘ –˘ –˘ S1 , a"H(+ ) S2 71b , ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , , S3
71ef #c6#5 ] em. Bh (silently) , #cttR #5 S1 , #c6#5 S2 , #c6 #5 S3
72d nn ] S1S2pc ABh , , S2ac S3 72f pr25 ] S1A3Bh , pr2
5()
S2 , pr2
5 S3
152
164
(165)
+2"5
153 dv#6 9
( cc +k {6 (#।

я h*B
; pr
9 %6#॥ 73॥
(c (c {pr 9।
i!. (.
; pr
9 6#॥ 74॥
hy(< *0 tt।
,я { #।

;WB ,(. kt
pr
9 %6#॥ 75॥
{ я %#।
,tn9 pr
9 %6#॥ 76॥
( ddv {6 %#।
(dm ; pr
9 (O6#॥ 77॥

+ я( ,yя, ।
kl %я(nn
, > - ॥ 78॥
75a hy"H+ ] hy"H R 75e G " ] G '" R 75f pr2
5#A ! ] pr2-

,2#nnA R 77 ] R has this after 85. 78c kl#Aя, ] d#A+я,+ R
73a cc ] A 73c яg:G ] A3A7 , я: A5 73d pr2

5#A ] pr25#
A 74a + ",c ! ] + d c+ A3 (unmetrical) , + + c+ A5
(unmetrical) , + d + c ! A7 74b 2 & ] 2 y A3 , 2 y A5 , 2 y A7
74c ,& " , ] ,& '", A3A7 , ,& '" , A5 75a hy"H+ ] hy"H A3 , hy-
"H A5 , a"H A7 75b #: #,tt ] ###,tt,! A 75c 2 &2! ]
A3A5 , 2 &5 A7 75d ] A3 , A5 , A7 75e G ] A5 ,
G A3A7 76 ] om. A 77 ] A has this after 85. 77ab 9" #ddv ] "c#dv
A± 78c kl#A ] o#A A3 , kt#A A5 , kl#A A7 • "nn ] A3A5 , g"nn
A7
73a 5–c 1 S1, (a 6–b 2)b 3(b 8–c 3)c 4–d 8→ S2 74←a 1–a 4 S2 75e 1 S1 76c 7(c 8–d 3) S2
73a cc ] em. , ( cc) S2 , S3 , ? Bh (conj.) 73b k &#+ ] A , (k ) –˘ #-
#+6 ! S2 , k &#+6 S3 (unmetrical) , k y #+ Bh (conj.) 73c яg:G ] S2A3A7Bh ,
–˘ g: S1 , я:G S3 73d pr2 5#A ] S3 , pr2 5 S1 , pr2
5 Bh (conj.) 74a
",c ! ] conj. , ",c+ S1 , c ! S2Bh , c S3 74b 2 & ] S1Bh , 2 y
S2S3 74c ,& " , ] S2S3Bh , ,& '" , S1 75a "H+ ] S2Bh , "H+ S1 ,
"H S3 75b #: ] RBh (em.?) , #:d S1S2S3 • tt ] RBh (em.?) , tt-
S1S2S3 75d ] S1S2RA3Bh , S3 (unmetrical) 75e G ] S2S3A5 ,
–˘ GD S1 , G Bh 76b #62 & ] S2S3RBh , 2 # S1 77 ] The insertion of this
after 76 conjectured; S1, S2, S3 and Bh have this after 85. 77a 9" ] S2S3R , " S1Bh 77ab
#ddv ] S2S3RBh , #dv S1 77b #+ ] S2S3RA , ##+6 S1 78a " ]
S1S2pc S3RABh , " S2ac 78b ##я ] S1RABh , ##я S2S3 78c kl#A ]
S2S3Bh , kl#A S1pc , kl#A S1ac • "nn ] RA3A5Bh , "nn S1 , g"nn S2S3
153
165
(166)
+2"5
154 dv#6 9
$(( ,kt я, ।

a я kt ॥ 79॥
~, %, % ,(%c [ .6 ।
6$
; , 0
;c ; (O(\. ( ;॥ 80॥
,%$ prB
6$ ( % ।
a( [ . , (॥ 81॥
a(
,(O( 9 ,D \. ।
,% > 0 $ %#॥ 82॥
a( $9 6$ 5 pr% ।
$ $
, 5 #॥ 83॥
, 9 %B % c . ।
ud prsr9 ॥ 84॥
79a ##,kt ] #Akt # R 80b 2 ] 2 R 81a A-prG ] A-

- –˘ +#+я R 82b > ] vv>
2 R 82d #-2 ] G,#-2 R
83d C ] #C Rac , #C Rpc (unmetrical) 84b A 2c,2 ] d2-
c,2 R 84c u#d ] a.#d R
79a -#'"" ] A5 , -#'"" A3A7 • ##,kt ] #kt # A3A7 , #kt # A5

79b 2 ] A A 79c a ] aя A • я ] A3 , я A5 , A7
80a &#_2#A! ] A3A7 , &#=2#A! A5 80b 2 ] 2 A 80d S " ] A3A5 ,
S " A7 81a A-,! ] A3A5 , A- A7 81c a" ] A3A7 , a"! A5 • 2,! ]
2 A 81d ] ! A 82b > ] A3A7 ,
2 A5 82c A! ] -
>
A3A7 , A5 82d #-2 ] #-2{ 2 A7} A • A! ] A3A7 ,
om. A5 (unmetrical) 83a a" -&#5! ] a" -&
5 A3A7 , a"5 A5 (unmetrical) 83b
prA ] A3A5 , prA A7 83c ] A A 83d C ] #C A3A5 , vv#C A7
(unmetrical) 84b A 2c,2 ] A3 , oA 2,2 A5 (unmetrical) , A 2c-
,'2 A7 84c u#d ] #d A 84d ## ] # A3A7 , # A5 • prsr5#, ]
A3A5 , prr5#, A7
79a -#'"" ] S1S2S3RA5 , -#'" Bh (typo) • ##,kt ] S1Bh , #kt # S2S3

79b ##я ] S1RABh , ##я S2S3 79c a я ] S2S3RBh , aя a S1
80a &#_2#A##6#A! ] S2RA3A7Bh , &#_2#A ##ttR#A! S1 , &#_2#A##6#A S3 80b
2 ] conj. Bh (silently) , 2 S1 , 2 S2S3 80c -! ] S1S2RABh , - S3 81a
A-prG ] S2A3A5Bh , A-#, "GD S1 , A- prG S3 81b A ] S1S2pc RABh ,
ac
A S2 S3 81cd ] om. S1 81c 2,! ] S3RBh , 2 S2 82b >
] S1A3A7Bh ,
> S2S3 82c A+ M ] S1RBh , A+ M S2S3 82d #-2 ] S2S3Bh , -
#-2 S1 83b prA ] S2pc RA3A5Bh , prA S1 , prA S2ac S3 83d C ] conj. ,
vv? #C S1 , #C S2S3 , C Bh (conj.) • # ! ] S2S3RA , # S1
(unmetrical) , # Bh (conj.) 84a ] S2S3RABh , vv S1 • AG# ] RABh ,
AG# S1S2S3 84b A ] S2S3A3Bh , A S1 • 2 ] A3Bh , 2 S1 , #ll2 S2 ,
#2 S3 (unmetrical) 84c u#d2 ] S1S2Bh , u#d2 S3 84d prsr5#, ]
S2S3RA3A5Bh , pr,#, S1 (unmetrical)
154
166
(167)
+2"5
155 dv#6 9

+ | 0 . % d +
dv > ।
; h% + (
॥ 85॥
6 ( 9 5 |h ।
{ я9C dvhn 6#॥ 86॥
, . ,} ( #।
adv 6,5
tt ।
6v яp ( ; % ॥ 87॥
% 5 (
v #।
(c $ 9( pr %%, ॥ 88॥
i d ( ~ . 6#।
!g5 6
॥ 89॥
85b d ] d R • 9M ] , R 85d After this R has 77. 86ab + C# og ]
ac pc
C# og R , # og R 86c 2 & ] 2 # R 87b #,& ] #nn&- R 89b
_ , ] _ ,, R 89c (VC ', ] (VC ' R 89d '2 , ]
j , R
85b d ] A3A7 , d A5 85c , ] A3A5 , A7 85d ! ] A3A5 , ! A7
• After this A has 77. 86c 2 & ] A7 , 2 # A3A5 86d dv#hn, ! ] d A3 ,
d A5 , Gd A7 • After this A adds 89cd and the following speaker indication.
87a 2,2 ] 2,,2 A3A5 , 2,2, A7 87b #,& ] #,&- A3A5 , #nn-
&- A7 87cd #C, ] A7 , (C, A3 (unmetrical) , (C, A5 87e
я) " ] A3A5 , я) "c A7 88ab ] om. A 88c "c- ] "dm- A • 5" ]
A7 , 5" A3A5 88d A&A ] A& Att A3 , #AAtt A5 , A& A A7 • ]
A5 , A3A7 89ab d " ] A3A7 , dv _ A5 89b _ , ] _ ,,
A 89c–90 speaker indication ] A has this after 86cd and repeats it here. 89c (VC -
∗
A5A7}VC ' AA ±
', ] ({dv 89d '2 , ] A3A3∗A5 , '2 ,
A5∗ , dg , A7 , '2 A7∗
87e 3 S1
85a o ] S1RABh , o S2S3 85b d ] S2S3A3A7Bh , d S1 85c , ] S1RA3A5 ,

S2S3Bh 85d ! ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , S3 85d After this S1, S2, S3 and Bh have
77 (see ad loc.). 86b C# og ] S1S2Rac ABh , Cog S3 (unmetrical) 87a ] S1S2
RABh , tt S3 87b #,& ] S2Bh , #,&! S1 , #nn&{(&) S3ac }- S3 87c adv
! ] S1S2RABh , adv S3 87d , ] S1S2RABh , , S3 (unmetrical) 87e
я) ] S2RA3A5Bh , –˘ ) S1 , я) S3 87f #+ ] S1S2RABh , #+ S3 (unmetrical)
88a A& ,,! ] S2RBh , gA& , S1 , A& , S3 88b ",,! ] S2S3RBh , -
", S1 88c 5" ] S2pc RA7Bh , 5" S1S2ac S3 88d ] S1RA5Bh , S2S3 89a
! ] RABh , S1S2S3 89c (VC ] S1S2 , (VC S3 , (v Bh (typo, unmetrical) • -
', ] S1S2S3 , ', Bh (typo, unmetrical) 89d '2 , ] S1S2S3A3A3∗A5 , '2
Bh (conj.)
155
167
(168)
+2"5
156 dv#6 9
u ।
ektv (c $ B. ., ।
(< ~ dv | *.॥ 90॥

prg (c $ ।
5 6
(B9C ( #॥ 91॥

?)( ygY > ।
~ 9 p9 , |d
я #॥ 92॥

+
<Mt *0Bя,।
a0 |d pr.h* {॥ 93॥
%;
9 -।
+ , (c $ 9 ॥ 94॥
90a ektv ] ekt R 90d o ] A& R 92b ,b ] b R 92d # я! ]

#" я R 93ab ##HJt ] # #+M' R 93b :, ] +(G)+; R 93d
] " R 94b A5 ] A, R
90a ektv ] A3A7 , ekt A5 • "c- ] A5A7 , "+ A3 90b G ,, ] G-
, ,&{&, A5}cc A 90d : ] , A 91b "c- ] "+ A3 , "c-
A5A7 • # ] A3A7 , pr# A5 91d '" ! ] A3 , ! A5 (unmetrical) , '"
! A7 92a ] 2 A 93ab ##HJt ] A3A7 , # #+M' A5 93c a-
od ] a ! od A3A5 , a ! od A7 (unmetrical) 93d ] A3 ,
A5A7 94a ,
, ] A3A5 , ,,
, A7 94b A 5 ] A3A5 , A, A7 94c #i ]
#5 A3 (unmetrical) , # A5 (unmetrical) , # A7 (unmetrical) 94d "c- ]
A3A5 , "cp A7
90(b 1–b 4)b 5–b 6(b 7–b 8) S1 91a 1–a 8(b 1–b 4)b 5(b 6–b 8, c 8–d 1, d 5–d 6)d 7–d 8→ S2pc 92←
a 1–a 2(a 8–b 3, c 1– d 2) S2pc 93(a 1–b 5)b 6–d 8 S2pc 94(b 1–b 4) S2
90a ektv ] S1S2pc A3A7Bh , ekt S2ac S3 • "c- ] S1RA5A7Bh , "c- S2S3 90b
After this S1 adds 93a–94b. 90c "H ] S1S2RABh , "H S3 90d : ] S1S3RBh ,
: S2 91a–93d ] om. S2ac , S2pc has this i.m. by sec. hand (tops of most of these aks.aras
lost) 91a ', ] S1RABh , ', S3 91b # ] S1S3pc RA3A7Bh , () –˘ ( )
pc ac pc
S2 , ## S3 • ] S1S2 RABh , S3 91c "G5? ] S3RABh , "Gvv S1 (anusvāra
possibly lost) , "G(i) S2pc 91d '" ] S1RA3Bh , ('") S2pc , '"! S3 92d # -
pc
я! ] S2 S3ABh , # я! S1 93a–94b ] S1 has this after 90b and repeats it here.
93ab ##HJt ] em. Bh (silently) , ##IJ' S1S1∗S3 , (##IJ') S2pc (upper parts lost)
93b G#я ] S3RABh , G#я S1 , G#я S1∗ 93c a ] S1∗RBh , a S1 ,
∗
a S3 • od ] S1S1 RA3A5Bh , od S3 94a #+ ] S1S1∗S2RABh , #-
∗
+ S3 94b A 5 ] S2S3A3A5Bh , A , S1S1 94c #i ] S1S2RBh , #i S3 •
, ] S1S2RABh , , S3 • ] S2S3RABh , om. S1 (unmetrical)
156
168
(169)
+2"5
157 dv#6 9
(c $ u ।
%5 , h 0 ।
i kt 6 C ।
; ( 5 nn ( ॥ 95॥

( % 9 ( , ( ।
MD % pr ।
a V ,
% C -॥ 96॥
6g | 0 ( % ।
e
+ -
9
! , B я, ॥ 97॥
, | 0 dv6я
>।
%

, B $9 ॥ 98॥
i
O ( (, я ।
e pr ; [ ॥ 99॥
95c ? ] vv? R 95e '" ] ,!++ R 96c J> ] ,! >++ R 96f
+ ,! ] #+6 R 97a o ] o R 97b A,2 ] A R
95 speaker indication–b ] om. A 95c i'kt ] i'ktv A3A7 , i''2 A5 • ? ]

A 95f #nn#" ] # ,#" A 96c J> ] A3 , ,! > A5A7 96f A ?! ]
A3 , Att! A5A7 97 ] om. A 98a o ! ] od A 98c A
! ] A
{
A5}' A 98d -5' ] #-5 A3A5 , #-5 A7 99b " 'я ] A3A5 ,
"vv
я A7
96(c 5)c 6–d 8 S2, (e 3, e 6–e 7)e 8–f 4(f 5–f 6)f 7–f 8→ S3 97←a 1–a 2(a 3) S3 99(c 7–d 1)d 2 S2,
(d 6–d 8) S3
95a A C ] S1S2RBh , A C S3 • ] S1S2RBh ,

S3 95b g, ] S1S2RBh , g-
S3 (unmetrical) • After this Bh adds ,'2 u। 95c i'kt ] RBh (conj.) , i'ktv
S1S2S3 • ] S1S2RABh , S3 (unmetrical) • ? ] conj. Bh , S1S2S3 95d
] S1RABh , + S2 , S3 95f #nn#" ] R , # ,#" S1S3 , #
,#" S2Bh • #2, ] RABh , #2c, S1S2S3 96a A , ] S1RABh , A, S2 , A ,
S3 96c J> ] S2Rpc A3Bh , Att? S1 , > S3 (unmetrical) 96e a ]
S1S3RABh , a! S2 • ,! ] S2RABh , vv,! S1 , S3 96f A ?+ ,! ] A3 ,
Att?+ ,! S1 , A6+ S2 , A6+ ,! Bh (conj.) 97a V ] RBh (conj.) , V S1 , v S2
• o ] S1Bh , o S2S3 97b # ] S1S2RBh , # S3 • A,2 ] S1Bh , A,-
2 S2S3 97c e2 , ] S1S2RBh , e2 5 S3 97d G ] S1S2S3R , G
Bh (conj.) •
##,#я ] S2R , ##Lя S1 , ##,#я S3 , #" #я Bh (conj.) 98a o ! ] S2S3RBh
(in a note Bh suggests o ,!.) , o S1 98b 2M, ] S2pc RA , 2Mc, S1S2ac S3 , 2, Bh
(conj.) 98c A ] S1S2S3R , A , Bh (conj.) • ! ] R , S1S3 ,
S2 , Bh 98d -5' ] R , -5 S1Bh , -5IJA++ S2 , -5IJA S3 99d
, 2N# ] S1RABh , (,) –˘ 2# S2 , , 2# ( ) S3
157
169
(170)
+2"5
158 dv#6 9
u ।
ekt d T. ।

y d 6я
% 0,#॥ 100॥
gY . *( g.#।
0(yg +|B. 0 9#॥ 101॥
E.,sr
я v(9#।
я sr pr,॥ 102॥
% %%B
c ,।

( > 5 ~T 6 9 i॥ 103॥
5 >tt .D , % ।
% > ( v
, %, #॥ 104॥
100c &
& ]
&
R 100d A,&! ] +:+#d,& R 101b 2g#! ] 2g-
&! R 101c bg ] bg M R 102b #v#"5&! ] #pr2#5& R 102c sr! ]
sr R 103a A ] R 103c +M ] 6 R 103d C_,! ] C_

R 104c
# ] # R 104d + ]
+ R
100a # ] A7 , # A3A5 100b d ] ,d + A3 , ,d + A5 ,

d A7 • , ] , A3A5 , , A7 100cd ] om. A 101b 2-
g#! ] A7 , 2# A3 , 2?# A5 101c ," ] A3A5 , ," A7 (unmetrical)
102b #"5&! ] A3 , "5& A5 , #"5& A7 102c я, ] A3A7 , я, A5 102cd
sr+ + pr2&# ] sr#++ &5? + A3 , sr+ + pr2&# A5 , #-
+ &i r + A7 103a A ] A • ] A3A5 ,
A7 103b -
,c ] d,c A 103c , 2 ] 'я A3A7 , 'я A5 • +M ] +M, A 103d
C_
,! ] A3 , C_ A5 , C_

A7 104b 2> ] 2;" A • A' ] A'"
A3A5 , A" A7 104c # ] A3A5 , #H A7 104d + ] + A
100speaker indication–b 8(c 5–c 6) S3 102c 1–c 4 S1, d 7–d 8 S2 104(b 6–b 7) S1
pc
100b d ] RA7Bh , d S1S2 • ] S1RBh , g: S2 100c & ] S2 Bh ,
ac

& S1S2 S3 • b! ] S2RBh , b S1 , (b) S3 100d я ] S2S3RBh , я ! S1
101a VR ] S1S2RABh , (V S3 • , ] RABh , , S1 , , S2S3 101c -
, ] S2RA3A5Bh , , S1 , , S3 (unmetrical) • bg ] A , bdg ! S1 , bg
ac pc
S2 , bdg S3 , bdg S3 , bg Bh (conj.) 101d G# ] S1S2S3RA , G-

Bh (conj.) 102a 2 ] S1RABh , kk S2S3 102b я ] S1S3RA , я
S2ac , я S2pc Bh 102cd sr+ + ] S2pc S3A5Bh , sr + S1 , sr+ + S2ac
pc ac
102d ] S2 RBh , S1S2 S3 • pr2&# ] R , pr5 S1Bh , pr2& ˘ –˘ S2 , pr2&#
pc ac
S3 103a A ] S2S3 , + S1 , Bh •
] S1S2 RA3A5Bh , S2 S3 103c

2 ] S2S3RBh , 2 S1 • +M ] S2Bh , +M S1S3 103d C_ ] S2A3Bh , C_
S1 , C_ S3 104a C#M ] S2S3RABh , C#M ! S1 (unmetrical) 104b 2-
pc ac
> ] S1R , 2i S2S3 , 25& Bh (conj.) • ' ] S1S2 RBh , ' S2 S3 104c
# ] A3A5Bh , # S1S2S3 • #+M ] S1RABh , #+M S2S3
158
170
(171)
+2"5
159 dv#6 9
6v %B{ prg M9 >,।

%.pt g
+
0 #॥ 105॥

5 ।
.9, , 0 tt #।
e ( (%B % p0B, ॥ 106॥
e((pr kt
T ( ( ( ।
d (
9 sn sn
R utt#॥ 107॥
e
% < T hy tt ।
% prg ; ॥ 108॥
-! ( e
pr
d 0 ।
я c 9( , 5 v॥ 109॥
105a 2G ] 2G ! R 106c "" & ] "" Rpc , "" Rac • AG ] AG' R

106d A+, #) ] A++,+ #C R 107a "# ] "# R 107b ] pr kt R
107d sn, sn,
| ] +M, +M,
| R 108a A ] A R 108c A+ , pr#V+ ]
A+
pr#V R 108d + ,! ] +nn ,! R 109b A+, 9, ] A+# R
105c ##ptg,! ] A5 , ##pt ,! A3 , ##,Vg A7 105d &

& ] ,!
& A3 ,

& A5A7 •
! ] A3 , ! A5 , ! A7 106a #, + ] A3 , #tt
A5 (unmetrical) , #tt+ A7 106b & ] A3 , A5 , A7 106c "" & ]
"" A 106d A+, #) ] A+#,#) A3 , A+#,) A5A7 107a '""# ]
'""# A3A5 , '""# A7 107d sn, sn,
| ] +M, +M,
| A 108ab ] om. A
108c A+ , ] A+ A3 , A+ A5A7 • pr#V+ ] A5 , pr#V+ A3A7 108d
+ #, ] +nn #nn A3A5 , +nn nn A7 109b A+, 9, ] A-
+# A 109c я c ] я A3 , я A5A7 109d ' v# ] A7 , dv
v#
A3A5
105c 1–c 3 S1 107(c 7) S1 108(c 3) S1 109b 6 S2
105a ,! ] S1S2RABh , S3 105b pr#V! ] S1S2pc RABh , pr#V S1ac S3 105c ,! ]
S2RABh , S3 • ##ptg,! ] S2S3RA5Bh , ##pt S1 105d & & ] S1R ,

& S2 ,

& S3 , &
& Bh (conj.) 106a 2#5 ] S1RABh , 2i& S2S3 106b
& ] S1RBh , & ! S2 , & S3 106c "" & ] S1Bh , "" S2S3 106d tt,! ]
S1RABh , tt! S2S3 107a "# ] S1S3Bh , "# S2 108a 9H ] S1RBh , -
H S2S3 108b hy ] RBh (em.) , hy S1 , hy S2S3 108c A+ , ] S2S3Bh ,
A+(), S1 • pr#V+ ] S1A5Bh , pr#V+ S2S3 108d + ,! ] S2Bh , +, ,!
S1 , + S3 109a .( ] S2pc RABh , .( S1S2ac S3 109b A+, 9, ] conj. , A-
+, S1S3 , A+ –˘ , S2 , A+ , Bh (conj.) 109c 5" ] S1S2RABh , 5" S3
109d C ] S1RABh , ttC S2S3
159
171
(172)
+2"5
160 dv#6 9

;+ 6 pr% (, #।
hy
dv! (BC , #॥ 110॥
i kt .9,
5 %
;(9।
, R ( я >#॥ 111॥
.9C 6tt 6v ( ।
% T g, #॥ 112॥

।
+ ( tn pr V h* h* $ . -
1 2 3 4 5
, ( tn % h* - TgY

6 7 8 9 10
110a , ] , R 110b 2#" ! ] +2 ! "

v ! R 110c hy
! ] -
N
! R 111a ] R 111b C ]
& R • #"5& ] #"5& R 111c ]
tt+ ! + R 112c A ] Rpc , A Rac 113.4–5 2- ]
2+g:+ R
(unmetrical) 113.6 26& ] 2tt&tt!। R (unmetrical) 113.9 g: ] om. R
110c hy ! ] N

! A3 , N ! A5 (unmetrical) , N
! A7 110d 2#2! ]
A3A5 , 2#2 A7 111a i'kt ] A7 , i'ktv A3 , i''2 A5 • 25& ] A3 , 2#5 A5 ,
2i&,! A7 111b C ]
& A • #"5& ] #" A3A5 , #", A7 111c |+ ]
|c A3A7 , |c A5 112b 9#" ] A • + ] + A 112c ' ] A5A7 ,
' A3 113.1 ] A7 , A3 (unmetrical) , A5 (unmetrical) 113.1–
2 #& ] A3A5 , ## A7 113.2–3 "tn& ] A3A7 , "#tn A5 113.4 +#g:2 ] A7 ,
+#vn2 A3 , +#_ 2 A5 113.4
] #6{ 2 A5}5 A (unmetrical) 113.6
26& ] A3 , 2#6 A5 (unmetrical) , 26& A7 113.7–8
+ "tn& ]
+ "-
tn&{ #tn A5} A (unmetrical) 113.8–9 2 ] A3A7 , 2 A5 (unmetrical) 113.10
VR ] A3A7 , V A5
110(d 5) S2 111c 5–c 7 S1 112b 7, c 2–d 3(d 4–d 8) S2

113 After 112 follow a verse of the dan.d.aka metre, of which each pāda has different length, and
an additional pāda of the same metre; each of these 5 pādas is numbered independently. Within
each pāda a set of 2 gan.as (6 aks.aras) is numbered by an arabic figure placed at the beginning of
the set. In the lacuna register an aks.ara concerned is indicated by the number of set containing it
and its place within the set; e.g. 2.2 means the second aks.ara of the second set of 2 gan.as.
11310.3–4 S1, speaker indication–1.5(1.6–2.1)2.2–6(3.1–2)3.3–4.1(4.2, 4, 5.2) S2
110a , ] S1S2ABh , , S3 • ' ] S1RABh , ' S2S3 110c "G? ] S1S2S3RA , ?
Bh (typo?) 110d # ] S1S2RABh , # S3 (unmetrical) • ] S1RABh , ()
S2 , S3 111a i'kt ] RA7Bh , i'ktv S1S2S3 111b #"5& ] S2S3Bh , #"5& S1
111c ] S2S3ABh , #,tt S1 111d 'я #'M ! ] RABh , 'Lc #'M S1 ,
'ktv я #'M ! S2 , 'ktv я #+M ! S3 112a 25&? ] S2RABh , 2#i S1 , 25& S3
• #,tt ] RABh , #,tt,! S1S2 , #,tt S3 112b + ] S1RBh , –˘ S2 , tt
S3 112c A' ] S1Rpc A5A7Bh , · · · S2 , A' S3 (unmetrical) 112d
V! ] S3RABh , V S1 (unmetrical) 113 ] S3RABh , u S1 113.1–2 -
pc ac
#& ] S1S3 RA3A5Bh , ˘ # ˘ – & S2 , #& S3 113.2–3 "tn& #pr ] S1RA3A7Bh , – – &
ac pc
# ˘ – S2 , ",& #pr,! S3 (unmetrical) , "tn& #pr। ,! S3 113.4 ] S1S2Bh ,
S3 (unmetrical) 113.6 26& ] S2A3Bh , 2ttR& S1 , 26&॥ S3 113.7–8 "tn& ]
S1S2S3RA3A7 , "tn& Bh (typo) 113.8–9 2 ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , 2 S3 (unmetrical)
113.10 VR ] S2RA3A7Bh , – – ! S1 , (VR S3 (unmetrical)
160
172
(173)
+2"5
161 dv#6 9
я
, } T6 g .$9 (-
11 12 13 14 15
B.~ D{ ( я 5 0 E 0B (pr . DW ,-

16 17 18 19
T ( 9 (B9,% DW $9 ? -

20 21 22 23
*d( . % $9 6я > ,-

24 25 26 27 28
g 0 $ B r ^ pr-

29 30 31 32
( dy #॥ 113॥

33
113.10 я ] яя R (unmetrical) 113.12–13 #' #V ] #,dy AG# R

113.15 ] om. R (unmetrical) 113.18–19 ># ] ># R 113.20–21 -
" #5 6 ] ' #5 dd(? R 113.22 # ] om. R (unmetrical) 113.24–25
:d"¤ ] f_> pr R 113.26 5¤ ] 5¤ R 113.27–28 2-
6& ] 2tt R 113.28–29 #- ] &#- R (unmetrical) 113.29–30 -
,,& #r ] , ,& #sr R 113.32 ##U ] ## ' Rpc , ## ' Rac 113.33
9
2,&! ] 2 & R
113.10–12 я #,&#' ] я{ A3A5} #,&- a#),| A±

(unmetrical) 113.14–15 2. +6 ] A5 , 2.{ A7}+6 A3A7 113.15–16 -
G_> " 2я ] G " 2 я A± (unmetrical) 113.17 L ] A3 ,
A7 , A5 (unmetrical) 113.18 #pr ] A3A7 , pr& A5 (unmetrical) 113.18–19
># ] A7 , tt# A3A5 113.20–21 " #5 6 ] '{ A5} #5 -
A3A5 (unmetrical) , ' #, A7 (unmetrical) 113.21–22 A> ] A3A7 ,
A A5 113.22 #-5 Q ] #-5#A A (unmetrical) 113.24 "¤ ] 2y A7 ,
A3 , Q( A5 113.26–27 я & ] A3 , я & A7 , я &! A5
(unmetrical) 113.27–28 26& ] A3 , 26& A7 , 6& A5 (unmetrical) 113.28–29 -
,g#- ] ,g{ j A3A5}#{ #, A7}- &{ # A5(unmetrical)} A 113.29–30
G,,& ] v, ,{, A7(unmetrical)} A3A7 , v, A5 (unmetrical) 113.32 '
##U ] ' ## A3A7 (unmetrical) , '## A5 (unmetrical) 113.33 92,&! ]
A3A5 , 2, A7 (unmetrical) 113.33.6–114.10.6 ] om. A7 (unmetrical)
11326.5–6 S1, (12.4–13.2)14.3–16.4(16.5, 17.5–21.2, 22.2–5)31.2–32.5 S2, 20.4(20.5) S3
113.11–12 #,& ] S1S2S3pc RBh , #,& S3ac (unmetrical) 113.12–13 #' -
#V ] S2(lower parts lost) S3Bh , # #V S1 (unmetrical) 113.14 2. ] S1S3RA3A5 ,
2 Bh (typo) 113.16 " 2я ] S3RBh , " 2я,! S1 , ˘ – – ˘ я S2 (upper
parts lost, fourth aks.ara has subscript !) 113.17–18 G"#pr ] S1RA3A7Bh , – ("#pr) S2
(upper parts lost, first aks.ara has subscript ) , G"#pr S3 113.20–21 6 ] S2S3 (upper
parts lost in S2) , +6 S1 , 6 Bh (unmetrical) 113.21–22 "G5A> ] S1RA3A7Bh ,
"GiA>,! S2 (tops lost) , "GiA> S3 (unmetrical) 113.24 :d ] S1S3ABh , :d:d
S2 (unmetrical) 113.25–26 5¤ ] S1S2ABh , 5я S3 113.26–27 я & ]
RA3Bh , ˘ – &,! S1 , я & S2 , я & S3 113.27–28 26& ]
A3Bh , 6& S1 , 26&? S2 , 2 & S3 113.29 #- ] S1S3Bh , #- S2 (tops
lost) 113.29–30 ,,& ] S2S3 , ,,& S1 , , ,& Bh (em.?) 113.32 '
##U ] conj. Bh , '##'! S1 , ' ## ॥ ' S3 113.32–114.1 "dy 92,&!॥
pc ac
a ] A3A5 , "dy 2,{ & S1 } a S1 , "dy (2,)& S2 , "dy ॥ ,&॥
S2pc , "dy
ac
2,& S3 , "dy
pc
2,(A&) S3 (unmetrical) , "dy 2,&(#V) Bh
(#V conj. and unmetrical)
161
173
(174)
+2"5
162 dv#6 9
a+ 9 9 %

h% h% 6 -
1 2 3 4 5
% B ,p% 6я gpr y , C

6 7 8 9
~ C я ,p я C > я-

10 11 12 13
j j . hr DW > d g % -

14 15 16 17
. (9 C 0 D ! 0 pr $dy/0

18 19 20 21 22
114.2–3 5& A ] Ag5& R 114.3–5 gA& #,gA+ ] gA#,gA,& R

(unmetrical) 114.4–6 ' #A G#),A ] '#,A R (unmetrical) 114.7
#Vpr ] &('pr) R (unmetrical) 114.8–9 6&? ] 6& R 114.9–10 _ ] -
_ 5 R 114.11 26&? ] R 114.12–13 я)+ я? ] ) j+я?+
R (unmetrical) 114.13–14 яj&, j ] яj& R 114.15 2 #hr ] 2g
R (unmetrical) 114.15–16 ,&# #+M# ] ,&# #+M R 114.18–19 # ] # R
(unmetrical) 114.19–20 , (# ] , ( R 114.21–22 -&,dy# ] -& #-
+M R (unmetrical)
114.2–3 5& A ] A5& A3 , A5& A5 (unmetrical) 114.3–5 gA& #,-

gA+ ' #A ] A #,A+ ' A3A5 (unmetrical) 114.5–6 G#), ] G -
+ A3A5 114.6–7 A я'2# ] я 2 A3 (unmetrical) , A я 2
A5 (unmetrical) 114.7 pr ] prя A3A5 114.8–9 b# 6&? ] b#tt6& A3 , btt#6-
, A5 (unmetrical) 114.9–10 2 _ ] 2{ 2dy A5} a_ 5 A3A5 (unmetrical)
114.10–11 2+ 26&? ] + 26&{ 6& A5} A3A5 (unmetrical) , + 26&? A7 (cf.
app. on 113.33) 114.11–13 , я)+ я? ] {G A5(unmetrical)} я& {

A5}+ ? A3A5 , om. A7 (unmetrical) 114.13–14 яj& ] A7 , яj& яя&
A3 (unmetrical) , яj& A5 (unmetrical) 114.14 , j ] Mj& A3 , Mg& A7 , om.
A5 114.15 2 #hr ] 2& A (unmetrical) 114.15–16 ,&# #+M# ] A3 , ,&#
#+M & A7 , ,&# A5 (unmetrical) 114.16–17 ##d#V ] ##d#,U A7 , ##d#,V A3A5
114.17.4–20.6 ] om. A 114.21–22 -&,dy# ] -& #+M A (unmetrical)
114(5.6–6.1)9.5–6(14.3) S1, (16.3–4)17.1–2 S2, (1.4) S3
ac pc
114.1 # ] S1S2S3 RA3A5Bh , ! +(,)+# S3 (unmetrical) 114.2–3 5&
ac
5& A ] em. Bh (silently) , 5&5&A S1 , 5&{ 5& S2 } A S2 , 5&
5& A S3 114.3–4 gA& ] S1 , & S2pc Bh , & S2ac , & S3 114.4
#,gA+ ] S1S2S3 , #,gA+ Bh 114.5 ' ] S1S2pc S3Bh , ' S2ac 114.5 #A ] S1Bh ,
#A S2S3 114.5–6 G#), ] S1S3pc Bh , G#), S2ac S3ac , G#), S2pc 114.6–7 я-
'2# ] S2S3RBh , яk# S1 114.7 #Vpr ] S1Bh , Vpr S2ac (unmetrical) , #V-
pc
pr S2 S3 114.8 2b# ] S2S3RA3Bh , b 2pr S1 114.8–9 6&? ] S2Bh , ¦
S1 , 6&! S3 114.9–10 2 _ ] conj. , 2 ˘ – 5 9g S1 (retraced after
pc
5) , 2 a_ , S2 , 2_ {() S3 }, S3 , 2_ _, Bh (typo, conj.?)
114.11 26&? ] S2pc A7Bh , 2ttR& S1 (retraced) , 6&! S2ac (unmetrical) , 2 & S3pc , 2 & S3ac
(unmetrical) 114.11–12 , ! ] S1(retraced)S2RBh , , S3 114.12–13 я? ] S1S2pc Bh ,
ac ac pc
я S2 , я S3 , я S3 114.13–14 яj& ] S1(retraced)A7 , я{ S2ac } -
pc
j& S2 (unmetrical) , яMj& S3 (unmetrical) , яj& Bh 114.14 , j ] S1pc (i.m.)
Bh , om. S1ac , #j S2S3 (# retraced in S2) 114.15 #hr ] conj. , -",!
S1 (retraced) , !h{ " S2ac },! S2 , h{ S3ac },! S3 , -" Bh 114.15–16
pc
,&# ] S2S3A3A7Bh , ,&# S1(retraced) 114.17–18 6& ] S1 (retraced)S2S3RBh , -
ac
6& S1 114.18 "5? ] S2S3pc RBh , "i S1 (retraced) , "i S3ac (unmetrical) 114.19
> ] S1(retraced)S2RBh , > S3 114.20 # ] S1(retraced)Bh , # S2S3
114.21–22 -&,dy# ] conj. , -&{ S1ac (unmetrical)},dy# S1 (retraced) , -&-
#,' S2Bh (unmetrical) , -& #,' S3 (unmetrical)
162
174
(175)
+2"5
163 dv#6 9
% k9 pr9 , , prpt p %

T + *d-
23 24 25 26
0 g.
я{ kt h*я *d . ) g -
27 28 29 30

)я
. (dsrя ~,
9 , kt B g-
31 32 33 34 35
я *d я C pr(dy

॥ 114॥
36 37 38
%я 6 g pr 9-DW %$ g

я -
1 2 3 4 5
114.22–23 #2#k5&2 ] #2#k5&2 R (unmetrical) 114.23–24 2&5 2 & ] 2&id2-

R 114.25 #' ] #' R 114.27 #6, 6 ] om. R 114.28 ktg:я ] ktRg:-
я R 114.29–31 #;,g#, 6 ;2я ] #),#),, 6 L R 114.32 srя ]
srя R 114.36 я ] srя R 114.38 ] Rac , Rpc (unmetrical) 115.4
-g ] Q-g R
114.22–23 #2#k5&2 ] A3A7 , #2#2#,2 A5 (unmetrical) 114.23 2&5 ] 2&5 d

A3A7 , 2&5 dv A5 114.24–25 &pt#),A ] &pt#), A A3A7 (unmetrical) ,
&pt#,A A5 (unmetrical) 114.25 #' ] ' & A7 , &
dv A3A5 114.26–27 :d -
g#6 ] A3A5 , ,d #,6 A7 (unmetrical) 114.27 #6, 6 ] om. A 114.28 2 ]
2 A (unmetrical) 114.30–31 ,g#, 6 ;2я ] gj #6, 6 L A 114.31–32
#",dsrя ] #dprя A 114.33 &_ 5& ] &_&{ # A3A5} A (unmetrical)
114.34 2&# kt ] 2&#ttkt A7 (unmetrical) , 2&#tt{ A5}kt A3A5 114.35 -
gя ] A5A7 , я A3 (unmetrical) 114.35–36 #6я ] A3A7 , #6dvя A5
114.36–37 26&? ] 26& A5 , 26? A3A7 115.1.1–3.4 ] om. A7 (unmetrical) 115.1–
3 2 g ] g A3A5 (unmetrical) 115.2–3 ,pr5.> ] ,5.> A3
(unmetrical) , ,:5. A5 (unmetrical) 115.3 # ] A3A5 , #tt A7 (unmetrical)
115.4 -g ] Qkv A3A5 , 2kkg A7 115.4–5 2 & ] A3A7 , 2& A5
114(23.6–24.2, 26.5–27.2)27.6–28.1 S1, (33.6) S2
114.22–23 #2#k5&2 ] S1(retraced)A3A7 , 2k5&2 S2 (unmetrical) , #2{ 2 S3ac }k-

5&2 S3 (unmetrical) , #2#25&2 Bh (em.?, unmetrical) 114.23 2&5 ] S3pc Bh ,
ac pc
2&i d S1 (retraced) , 2i S2S3 114.23–24 2 & ] S2S3 ABh , (2 ) – &(!)
ac
S1 (retraced) , 2& S3 114.24–25 A ] S1(retraced)RBh , , S2 ,
, S3 114.25 #' ] S1(retraced)S2S3 , #' Bh (em.?) 114.26–27 g-
#6 ] S2RA3A5Bh , (6) S1 (tops lost, unmetrical, retraced) , #6 S3 114.27
ac
#6,6 ] em. Bh (silently) , (#6),
6 S1 (retraced) , #656! S2 , # 5
{ 5 S3 }6 S3 114.28
ktg:я ] S1(retraced)ABh , ktR Aя S2S3 114.29–30 ;,g# ] S2S3Bh , -
;,#6 S1 (retraced) 114.32 #",d ] R , #,d S1 (retraced) , #,:d S2S3Bh
• srя ] S1S2Bh , я S3 114.33 5& ] S1(retraced)R , 5& 5& S2Bh , 5& 5&
S3 114.35 gя ] S1(retraced)RA5A7Bh , g S2S3 114.36 я ] S2A3A7Bh ,
dя S1 (retraced) , я S3 114.36 # ] S1(retraced)RA , я# c S2S3 , я
# Bh (conj.?) 114.36–37 26&? ] S2pc RBh , ttR&! S1 (retraced) , 2#6? S2ac , 2 &
S3 115.1 Aя ] S1S2S3RA3A5 , Aяg Bh (em.?, unmetrical) 115.2 , ] S1ac
pc
S2S3R , g, S1 (unmetrical) , , Bh (unmetrical) 115.3 .> ]
S1(retraced)S2RA3Bh , .> S3 • # ] S1RA3A5Bh , # S2S3 115.4–5 2 & ]
S1S2RA3A7Bh , 2 & S3
163
175
(176)
+2"5
164 dv#6 9
. h* (, j ( 0, ktY d6 $ 0,( 0, -

6 7 8 9 10
y. .h*dv srя ~B , T 6 pr -

11 12 13 14 15
pr. (pr pr я[ ( pr 0 kt -

16 17 18 19
j T 06 E ~D{ * d T/ ~-

20 21 22 23 24
kpr( 0prs ~ +| $ $ ( $% C

25 26 27 28
115.7–8 & dktR d ] & dd(ktR dG R 115.8–9 " ] om. R 115.10 b-
] R 115.11 g:#dv ] # R (unmetrical) 115.12 srя ] srя R •

_ ] _ R (unmetrical) 115.13–14 ,' ] #,' R 115.14–15 +pr" ]
R 115.16–18 "pr## ] dv dvprA#A R (unmetrical)
115.19–21 #j , ] #j, R (unmetrical) 115.22 L, ] яg:
Rac , я, Rpc (unmetrical) 115.22–23 :d ] :d R (unmetrical) 115.25–26
prp_ #o ] ">_ #pr R
115.5–6 g: ] a{ C A7} A (unmetrical) 115.7 & ] &# 6
A3A5 (unmetrical) , # & &6 A7 (unmetrical) 115.7–8 ktR d - ] hr d --
_ A3 , hv d -{ - A5}cc A5A7 115.8–10 "+ ] ""6+ -
A (unmetrical) 115.11 g:#dv ] A3A5 , ,g:#dv A7 115.12
_ ] -

_ A (unmetrical) 115.12.6–24.2 ] om. A7 115.12–14 G
#6,' ] G-
{ D? A3}pr#6,{ ,G A5}' A3A5 115.14–15 + ] A3 , A5
(unmetrical) 115.15–16 pr #pr ] pr # A3A5 (unmetrical) 115.16 яN ] я-
N A3 (unmetrical) , яD A5 (unmetrical) 115.17–19 pr## kt ] -
&"##AQkt A3A5 115.19–20 #j , ] #j,M A3A5 115.21–22
# L, ] # { #tt A5(unmetrical)}я, A3A5 (unmetrical) 115.24–26 pr" #pr-
p_ ] pr "#prp{ - A7}_ 5 A (unmetrical) 115.28 A? ] A3A7 , A A5
1158.2(8.3, 22.1)26.2(26.3) S1, (15.1) S2
115.5–6 g: ] S1(retraced)S2RBh , : S3 115.7 & ] S1(retraced) , &-
( S2S3 , & d Bh (typo?) 115.8 -d ] S2S3RBh , – d S1 (retraced)
115.8–9 " ] S2 , "( S1(retraced)S3Bh 115.9–10 + ] S1(retraced)R
Bh , + S2S3 115.10–11 b ] S1(retraced)S3ABh , b S2 115.11–
12 g:#dv#6 ] S2ac A3A5Bh , :##6 S1 (retraced) , g:#dv#6 S2pc , g:##6 S3
ac pc pc
(unmetrical) 115.12 _ ] S1 , ( )_ S1 (unmetrical) , { S3 (unmetrical)} -
_g _ S2S3 , _ Bh (unmetrical) 115.12–13 G
] S2S3RBh , G D
S1
(retraced) 115.13–14 ,' ] S1(retraced)A3Bh , ,tt S2S3 115.16 яN ] S1ac ?
pc
S2S3R (or я in S3) , jN S1 ? Bh 115.17–18 pr# ] conj. , #
S1 (an insertion mark before # , some aks.aras in top margin possibly lost) , pr-
# S2Bh , pr# S3 115.18–19 kt ] S1R , kt S2S3 , #kt Bh
(typo?) 115.19–20 #j ] S1pc S2S3Bh , #j, S1ac 115.20–21 ] S2
S3A3A5Bh , S1 115.21–22 # L,_> ] conj. Bh (silently) , # j{( j )
S1ac },_ S1 , # я,_i S2 , # । я,_> S3 115.23 ] S1S2RA3A5Bh ,
S3 115.25–26 prp_ ] conj. , prp & _ { S1ac } S1 , prp_ S2S3 ,
prp &_ Bh (conj.?) 115.27 &- ] S1pc (retraced)S2pc RABh , #- S1ac , &- S2ac S3
115.27–28 #"-A? ] S1(retraced)S2RA3A7Bh , #"+-+A S3
164
176
(177)
+2"5
165 dv#6 9
0,
0 pr(dy
y ) d
- # - a dy ( ( ,
29 30 31 32
,dy 0
॥ 115॥
33 34
%B ( 9 % (,! я $ j -

1 2 3 4 5
% 0, r ( ! Tpr h%-
6 7 8 9 10
O9
(C kt %; %+ -
11 12 13 14
! 9 ktY r y я 9

15 16 17 18

;
+ ( ,. dy 9 -
19 20 21 22 23
115.30–31 b ;2 d ] #& d R 115.31–32 # - ! - ady ]

&dy R (unmetrical)
116.3 A ] d R (unmetrical) 116.7 #r #' ] #pr #C R 116.8 -
ac pc
" ] R , R 116.11 2
"6&? ] 2 6& R 116.14 A&# ] A#
R 116.14–15 (5& ] ( "& R 116.16–17 r ] R 116.18.4–34.1 ]
om. R (unmetrical)
115.28–29 + ] + A (unmetrical) 115.30–31 b ;2 d ] { A5

A7}b d A (unmetrical) 115.31–32 # - ! - ady ]
&{ A7} A (unmetrical)
115.33–34 # ] # A (unmetrical) 116.1 #, ] я#, A3 , я-
+ #, A5 (unmetrical) , A7 (unmetrical) 116.1–2 ' ] , A
116.3 ] om. A (unmetrical) 116.4 " ( ] " A (unmetrical) 116.7 #r -
#' ] #r{ #cc A7} #C A 116.8 " ] A3A7 , A5 116.10 + gA-
,& ] + gA+ ,& A7 (unmetrical) , + A , A3 (unmetrical) , om. A5 (unmetrical) 116.11
6&? ] 6& A 116.12–13 kt# ] pr{ A3A5} kt# & A (unmetrical)
116.13–14 A&# ] # # A (unmetrical) 116.14–15 +2(5& ] (-
{ A3A5(unmetrical)} A 116.16–17 #+ ktR+ r ] o+ { & A7} A
(unmetrical) 116.17–18 я5& ] A7 , я& A3A5 116.18–19 ,#, , ] ,-
#, A3A7 (unmetrical) , ,#, A5 (unmetrical) 116.21–22 dy5& ] "Gя{ я A5}
#dy5&{ ,& A3 , 5& A5} A (unmetrical) 116.22 #, ] A (unmetrical)
115(29.2–3) S1, (33.5–34.1) S3 116(3.5)9.5–10.1(14.1) S1, 13.5–6(14.1–4) S2, (15.1–

3)15.4–5(15.6)16.1–17.6(18.1) S3
115.31 ;2 d ] S1(retraced)S2Bh , ;2 d S3 115.31–32 # - ! - ady ] S1(retraced)

S2 , #dy S3 , &dy Bh (unmetrical) 115.33–34 ] S2R , S1 (retraced) ,
(
) S3 , & Bh (conj.?) 116.3 2 ] S1S2RABh , 2 S3 116.5–6 2& ] S2RA ,
2ttR&! S1 , 2& S3 , 26&? Bh (em.?) 116.7 #r #' ] S2pc S3ac Bh (Bh suggests #r -
ac pc ac
#' (unmetrical) in a note) , #r ' S1 , #r #C S1 , #r #' S2 , #r
pc
#' S3 116.8 " ] S1S2Rac A3A7Bh , " S3 116.9 + ] S1(retraced)S2RA
Bh , + S3 116.10 + gA,& ] S2RBh , – #A,& S1 (retraced) , + gA,& S3 116.11
6&? ] em. Bh (silently) , 6& S1 (retraced) , 6& S2 , & S3 116.12–13 ]
S1(retraced)S2S3pc RBh , S3ac 116.13–14 A&# ] S3pc , (gA&)# S1 (retraced) ,
ac
– – &(# ) S2 , A&# S3 , A&# Bh (em.?) 116.17–18 я5& ] S2RA7Bh , я-
5& S1 , – ()5& S3 116.19–20 '",& ] S1S3ABh , '",& S2 (unmetrical) 116.21
dy5& ] S2 , d5&! S1 , dy5& S3 , dy5& "GL Bh (conj.?, unmetrical)
165
177
(178)
+2"5
166 dv#6 9
06 ;

pr ,
;, h g
gg 0-
24 25 26 27
.} %B%,я, ; я h . 9 -

28 29 30 31 32
! 9 C t pr6tt ( pr6tt -

33 34 35 36

kt > , j pr( dy
h*

37 38 39 40
#॥ 116॥
41
y g

(tn % ;*dy

1 2 3 4 5
ac
116.34–35 pr#tt " pr#tt ] prtt
"cpr#tt!{ tt
! R } R 116.39–40 pr"dy

9g: ] #'pr R (unmetrical) 117.1–2 b ] b। R (unmetrical) 117.4
] c R (unmetrical) 117.4–5 2 ] hy 2 R (unmetrical)
116.24–25 #pr! ] A3 , #pr! A5 , #pr A7 116.25–26 2 ] 2 A7 (unmetrical) ,

2
A3A5 (unmetrical) 116.27 #V# ] #V# { # A3A5} A 116.28 & -
& ] & A (unmetrical) 116.29–30 +я,'я ] +я,{ A3}) A3A7
(unmetrical) , +яA.) A5 (unmetrical) 116.30–31 'g 25& ] -
'2#5& A3A5 (unmetrical) , '2#5& A7 (unmetrical) 116.32 ##(5 ]
##( a A (unmetrical) 116.33–34 26&? ] 2&{ & A5 , & A7} , A
(unmetrical) 116.35–36 pr#tt " pr#tt ] pr#tt"c{ c A3 , A7} prtt
! A±
(unmetrical) 116.37 #kt ] #kt! A 116.38 , ] ,, A (unmetrical) 116.39–40
pr"dy
9g: ] a'pr A (unmetrical) 116.40–41 & ] & A7 (unmetrical) ,

&{ & A5}+ A3A5 (unmetrical) 117.1–2 # b ] { A5} b
A (unmetrical) 117.3–4 A ] AD? A7 , +A? A3A5 117.4.2–16.2 ] om. A
(unmetrical)
11626.3–5(27.1–2, 38.2) S1, (28.2)28.3(28.4)28.5(28.6) S2, (32.6–33.1)33.2(33.3)33.4–

36.5 S3 1171.1–1.6(2.1–2, 3.1) S1
116.23 #,& ] S1ABh , #,&dy S2 , #,& S3 116.23–24 , # ]

ABh , ,d# S1 (unmetrical) , ,# dd S2 , , # S3 (unmetrical)
116.24–25 #pr ] S2A3Bh , #pr { S1ac (unmetrical)} S1 , #pr S3
pc ac
116.25–26 2 ] S1(retraced)S2S3 Bh , 2
S3 116.28 & & ] conj. , &nn&
S1 (retraced) , – # – ˘ – & S2 , #-nn& S3 , & ,& (?) Bh (unmetrical) 116.29 AGA ]
S1(retraced)S2ABh , AA S3 (unmetrical) 116.29–30 я,'я ] S2Bh , Lя, dy-
ac pc
я S1 (retraced) , Lя, (') –˘ S1 (unmetrical) , я,'я S3 (unmetrical)
116.30–31 'g ] S1(retraced)S3Bh , 'g S2 (unmetrical) 116.31–32 5&#-
#( ] S2S3A , 5&##( S1 (retraced) , 5& 25&##( Bh (conj.?) 116.32–33
ac
52 ] S1(retraced)S2Bh , 5{ 5 S3 }(k) ˘ S3 116.33–34 26&? ] conj.
Bh (cf. R has ) , 2 ¦ g, S1 (retraced) , 26&nn! S2 116.36–37 pr#tt
-
pc ac
+ ] S1 Bh , pr#ttg S1 (unmetrical) , prtt
+ S2 , · · ·
+ S3 116.39–40 pr"dy
ac pc
9g: & ] conj. , pr"dy
{ S1 }
&! S1 (S1 unmetrical; retraced from
) , pr"dy &{ ! S2} S2S3Bh 117.1 # ] S2S3R , # ' Bh (unmetrical)
117.1–2 b ] conj. , ˘ ˘ ˘ ( ) S1 (retraced, unmetrical) , b + S2
(unmetrical) , b S3 (unmetrical) , b + Bh (conj.?, unmetrical) 117.3

"tn& ] S2RABh , ( )tn& S1 (retraced, unmetrical) , ",& S3 117.3–4 A ] S2
S3RBh , A S1 (retraced) 117.4–5 2:dy M ] conj. , -:dy M S1
(retraced) , 2 #g S2S3Bh
166
178
(179)
+2"5
167 dv#6 9
> ?9 ( C 6 t cc -

6 7 8 9
h* dy g > ; + B , d cc я {-

10 11 12 13 14
sr+ (B C 6 O , , dy c , >C

15 16 17 18 19
> p Bя C r j j 0 > 0 9 ,B -

20 21 22 23
( 06 ,% ; 5 > 0, c

24 25 26 27
[ 9 c ,j+ dy
R ॥ 117॥
28 29 30 31
117.6 , ] , R 117.7–8 #" ? ] #" vv R 117.9 , ] om. R
ac
(unmetrical) 117.9–10 ,g:dy ] ,D + + R (R unmetrical) 117.12 -
d ] d prA R 117.13 я# ] # R 117.14–15 "G? ] "Gvv
R 117.16
'2 ] '2g R 117.17–18 dyc ] dycc R 117.20 Gя? ] GLя R 117.21–22
! ] R 117.23–24 " ] R 117.26–27 #,'' ] #,''
Rpc ?, #,'' ac
R ? (unmetrical) 117.27–28 c
N 9 ] prIJN
R (unmetrical) 117.28–29 5+ c ] 5+ c R 117.29–30 j+ ] + R
117.16 '2 ] '2 A 117.17 ] 2 A3A7 (unmetrical) , 2 A5 (unmetrical)

117.17–18 dyc ] Ccc{ _ A3A5} A 117.20 Gя? ] pt A3 , #pt A5 , 6
A7 117.21–22 j,#j, ! ] j, #j,{ , A7} A3A7 (unmetrical) , j,
_ A5
117.23–24 G" ] G" A3 (unmetrical) , " A7 (unmetrical) , A5
(unmetrical) 117.24 # ] A3A7 , _# A5 117.25 # ] A3A7 , # A5 117. 27–
28 c
N ] c N A7 (unmetrical) , c N A3A5 (unmetrical)
117.28–30 5+ c j+dy , ] 5+ A (unmetrical)
117(18.5–19.1)19.2–4 S1, (13.2–3) S3
117.7 Q5 ] S1(retraced)S2RBh , Q5 S3ac (unmetrical) , Q5 S3pc 117.7–8 ? 2-
pc ac ac pc
] S1(retraced)Bh , 2 S2 S3 (unmetrical) , 2 S2 (unmetrical) , 2 S3
117.8 t ] S1(retraced)S2S3ac RBh , dy S3pc 117.9 cc ] S1(retraced)S2RBh ,
S3ac (unmetrical) , S3pc 117.9–10 ,g:dy ] S1(retraced)Bh , ,+'dy S2S3ac ,
pc
,+'dy S3 117.13 cc ] S1(retraced)S2S3R , cc Bh (conj.?) 117.14–15 "G? ] em.
Bh (silently) , "G S1 (retraced) , S2S3 117.16 '2 ] S1(retraced)S2Bh , 2
S3 117.17 ] S2S3RABh , S1 (retraced, unmetrical) 117.17–18 dyc , ] em. Bh
(silently) , dy#M, S1 (retraced) , dycc , S2 , dy , S3 117.19 2 ] S2pc S3pc RA
ac
Bh , ()+2+ S2 , 2 S3 (unmetrical) 117.20 Gя? ] S2Bh , S1 (retraced) ,
Gя S3 117.21–22 + ] S2S3Bh , + S1 (retraced) 117.22 5& ] S2S3pc
RA , #5& S1 (retraced) , 5& S3ac , 5 Bh (conj.?) 117.23 G ] S2S3RA3Bh ,
S1 (retraced) 117.23–24 " ] S1 (retraced) , " S2S3Bh 117.24 # ]
S1(retraced)RA3A7Bh , S2S3 117.24–25 A ] S2S3RABh , S1 (retraced)
117.25 # ] S1(retraced)S2RA3A7Bh , # c S3 117.25–26 #C ] S1(retraced)S2S3pc
ac
RABh , #dy S3 117.26–27 #,'' ] S2S3ABh , #,''#,'' S1 (retraced) 117.27
ac pc

c ] S1(retraced)S2S3 A3A5Bh , c S3 117.28–29 5+ c ] em. Bh (silently) ,
5+ c S1(retraced)S2S3 117.29–30 j+dy ] S2Bh , vv,! я(+)dy S1ac (unmetrical) ,
pc
vv,! яprA dy S1 (unmetrical) , ? я+dy S3 117.30 , ] S1(retraced)S2S3R , om.
Bh (unmetrical)
167
179
(180)
+2"5
168 dv#6 9
u ।
e

;,5
।
V h* T cc
; g *
T#॥ 118॥

5 ।
LM E , g ।
( (, % #॥ 119॥
u ।
pr(, .. ।
pr6> Cc ॥ 120॥
u ;
LM E ।
j
;c; 6 % ।
( 9
0॥ 121॥
0 5 #।
>,9
pr
#॥ 122॥
118a e ] e R 118b

] - R 119 C ] r&
C R 119c , ]
, R 119d ] R 121e "6 ] "6 R 121f # ] #6 R 122d +! ]

v! R
118a e ] e A3A5 , e+ A7 118b ] - A 119b V , ] V

, A3A7 , V A5 (unmetrical) 119c 2 " , , ] 2
, , A7 , 2 "
, A3A5 119d
#, # ] #, # A3A5 , ,#5 # ! A7 120a ] A3 , A5
(unmetrical) , A7 121 ] om. A 122c 7–d ] om. A5 122d +! ] t! A3 ,
' A7
120(b 1–b 2)b 3 S1 121(a 4–a 5)a 6–d 3(d 4, e 2–e 7, f 5)f 6 S1, c 1 S2 122a 1(a 2–a 3, d 5–d 8) S1
pc ac
118a + ] S1(retraced)RABh , + S2S3 • & ] S1(retraced)S2 S3RABh , # S2
118b #C, ] S1(retraced)RA ,
hV
, S2S3 ,
hV , Bh 118d + V ] S1(retraced)
RABh , + V S2S3 119a IJ ] S1(retraced)S2RABh , IJ S3 119c 2 ", , ]
pc ac
conj. , 2 ", , S1 (retraced) , 2V S2S3 Bh , 2V S3 120a ] S1S2RA3A5Bh ,
pc ac
S3 (unmetrical) •
] S1S2 RABh , S2 S3 120c +M,! ] S2RABh , +M
S1 , +M " S3 121a ,! ] RBh (conj.?) , ( )· · · S1 , ,! S2 , S3 121c
ac
jc ] R , –˘ jc S2 , jc S3Bh • 2' ] S2 S3RBh , 2'++ S2 121d # ]
S2S3RBh , # S1 121f 65,
, ] S1S3RBh , 6 5 , S2 122b 2 ] S2RABh ,
2 S1 , 2 S3 122c ] S1RA3A7Bh , S2S3
168
180
(181)
+2"5
169 dv#6 9

u ।
$ j tt ।
6 ( % #॥ 123॥
%! . c; 9 c *. ।
, %! %O O ॥ 124॥
u ।
ekt %
*Thm9 ।
% pr9
, ,B ॥ 125॥
e+ |r^ ; % pr% ।
, (

R L , 5 ।
% , j + R C ॥ 126॥
ekt >
; ;,
v।
( ( , %#॥ 127॥
123
]
R 123d #+ A'! ] + A, ' R 124b 5 ] 5 R
124c A( ] Q( R 125d ] vv R 126d |I 9C ] A R
126e A, ] A++ R (unmetrical) 127a 9M ] #" R 127b ] R
123 ]
A 123a ] A3A7 , A5 123cd ] om. A 124a #c ]
c A 124b : ] A3A7 , : A5 124c A( ] Q( A 124d ] A3A5 , -
A7 125cd ] om. A 126a 4–127d ] om. A5 126c ] A3A7 (unmetrical)
126d |I ] cc A3 , cc A7 • 9C ] A3 , C A7 126e A, ]
A
A3 , A
,! A7 126f ] A3 , A7 127a 9M ] A3A7
123(a 1)a 2(b 3, c 1–d 5)d 6–d 8 S1 124(a 1–b 1)b 2(b 3–b 4, d 5–d 6)d 7(d 8) S1, a 4–a 5(a 6–a 7) S2
125(a )a (a , d , d –d ) S1
1 2 3 4 6 8 126a 1(a 2–b 1, c 1–d 4)d 5–f 7(f 8) S1, (e 5–e 6) S2, (e 7)e 8(f 1–f 2, f 4)
S3 127(b 3–b 4)b 5–b 6(b 7–c 5)c 6(c 7–d 3)d 4–d 8 S1
123 ] S1S2 ,

S3Bh 123a ] S1RA3A7Bh , S2 ,
S3 123b tt ] S1S2pc RABh , tt S2ac S3 123c , ] S1S2S3R , , Bh
(typo) 123d A' ] S3Bh , (A) – ˘ –˘ S1 , At S2 124a 2& #c ] S1R
Bh , 2 –˘ ˘ (#c) S2 , 2#c S3 (unmetrical) 124b c
] S1RABh , c S2S3 •
: ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , : S1 124d ] RA3A5Bh , ( ) ˘ () S1 , "
S2 (unmetrical) , " S3 (unmetrical) 125b :hm5 ] S1S2S3RA , :hm5 Bh (typo,
unmetrical) 125d ] S1Bh , S2S3 • # ] S2RBh , #(g) S1 , #-
g S3 126a 'o r U ] S1RA3A7Bh , 'o r U S2 , 'o r V S3 126b + ]
S2S3RA3A7Bh , ( ) S1 • prA ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , prA S1 126c ] R , (vv ) S1
(unmetrical) , ! S2 , S3 (unmetrical) , Bh 126d 9C ] A3Bh , C S2S3
126f ? ] RA3A7Bh , S2S3 (anusvāra possibly lost in S3) 127a
] RA3A7Bh ,

S1S2S3 127b ] S1S2A3A7Bh , S3 • v ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , ˘ – (v)
S1 127c 2 ] S1S2ac ? S3RA3A7Bh , S2pc ?
169
181
(182)
+2"5
170 dv#6 9

hy(< v
।
* B?(
+ ( v, +।
a> c ; ( 0 #॥ 128॥
!B( 6
pr ।
, B LMd ।
O 9 pr(< ॥ 129॥

5 C ?! я #।
a c [ (< (nn ॥ 130॥
e +
, *.#।
u B,. 6g hy %B ॥ 131॥
(Bя BC %kty ( ।
B, > (Bя 6 h h ॥ 132॥
% 0 ; 6
% 0 ।
,D dy
, E ॥ 133॥
128a +', ] a', R 128e a#+M ', ] ,#+M ', R 129a ]

M R 129f #, pr ] #pr R 130a + ] + R 131d V hy
# ]
v hy
# R 132a ] R 132b " ] "# R 133c dy ]
pc ac
g R 133d ] я R • ] R , vv R
128ab ] om. A 128c–f ] om. A5 128c :GQ ] A3 , :G A7 128d "v ] "-
A3 , " A7 128e a#+M ', ] ,#+M ', A3A7 129e–130b ] om. A
130c a',cN ] a', N A 131a ] A 131c G,! ] G
A3A5 , G,! A7 131d V ] v A3A7 , V A5 132a ] A • "Gя ] A3A5 ,
"Gя
,! A7 (unmetrical) • G# ? ] A3A7 , G#tt A5 132c ] A3A7 , A5 133b ]
A3A7 , A5 133cd ] om. A
128(a 5, b 6–c 4)c 5–c 7(c 8–d 5, e 1–e 5, e 7)f 3–f 8→ S1, (c 3)c 4–e 2(e 3–e 6, f 2) S2 129←a 1–a 8(b 1–
b 2)b 3(b 4–b 5, c 2)c 4–c 7(c 8, e 2)e 3–e 4(e 5–e 8)f 1–f 2(f 3–f 8) S1 130(a 1–a 2, b 5–c 2, c 5) S1, (c 7–
c 8)d 1–d 8→ S2 131←a 1–d 8→ S1, ←a 1–a 2(a 3) S2 132←a 1–a 2(a 3, b 1–b 3, b 7–c 6)c 7–
d 8→ S1 133←a 1–d 8→ S1
128a +', ] S2S3Bh , +(). S1 128b hy"H ] S2S3RBh , hy"H
pc ac
S1 •
v ] S2 S3RBh , (v) S1 , v S2 128c :GQ ] S3pc RA3Bh , ( :)· · ·
ac
S1 , ( :)· · · S2 , :Q S3 128d "v ] S3R , ("v ) S1 , #+ Bh (conj.?) 128f
pc ac
,,! ] S3RA3A7Bh , ,! S2 129b ,! ] S2 RABh , ( ) S1 ,
S2 S3 129f
pc ac
pr"H ] S1S2 RBh , pr"H S2 S3 130a + ] S1S2Bh , ! S3 (unmetrical) •
-
] S1RBh , я S2S3 130b ? ] RBh (conj.?) , vv S1 , S2S3 • Q('2 я ! ]
S2S3RBh , Q(('j ! ) S1 (unmetrical) 130c a',cN ] S2S3R , (a'),c (" ) S1 ,
a', N Bh 131b #'', ] RABh , #'', S2 (unmetrical) , #' -
, S3 131c G,! ] RBh , G S2S3 131d V ] conj. Bh , v S2S3 • hy

# ] ABh , hy #g S2 ,
#+ S3 132a ] conj. Bh (silently) , ! S2 , S3 •
G# ? ] S2RA3A7Bh , G#tt S1 (anusvāra possibly lost) , G#tt S3 132c ] S1S2RA3A7Bh ,
pc ac
S3 133a ] S2 S3RABh , S2 133b ] S2RBh , S3 (unmetrical) 133c
dy ] S2S3 , gdy Bh (conj.) 133d ] S3Bh , ! S2pc , ! S2ac
170
182
(183)
+2"5
171 dv#6 9

।
hy
(
,#।
e
, . pr [ 5 #॥ 134॥
i % > % v
! r#।
%O я LM
Y ^ > R (D 6tt#॥ 135॥
dy я ; ?!$ #।
6 9( ll% %O ॥ 136॥
c
, nn ) > j#।
r cc ( dvя
R ,( ;
( prL ॥ 137॥
%!9,hr
sn R , d#।
0 ? ; % я db! hm9 ॥ 138॥
,( (,kt 6 ।

[
i (॥ 139॥
135d +M,| ">2tt! ] ">| ">tt R 136c 96 ] G( #" R 137a 2&
]
tt
R 137c rcc#" #dvя
| ] +g , g2! R 138b ] R 139d ##

i" ]

c –˘ " R
134cd ] om. A 135a A,! ] A3 , A,! A5A7 135b r ! ] + A 135d +M, |
">2tt! ] ">
| ">tt A 136cd ] om. A 137a 2& #nn' ] A3A7 , 2&tt
#,'
A5 137b 2;'M ] 2;"'M A3 , 2;"'M A5 , 2;'¨ A7 137c r cc#"
#dvя
| ] + , g2! A 138ab ] om. A 138d # ] A3A5 , # A7 139c
9N ] N A (unmetrical) 139d ## ]
# A • i" ] i A3A5 , i,
A7
134←speaker indication–d 8→ S1, speaker indication–a 1(b 7–b 8) S2 135←a 1–b 1(d 2–d 8) S1
136a 1–b 8(c 1–c 8)d 1(d 2–d 6) S1 137(a 1–a 3)a 4–a 5(a 6–a 8)b 1–b 2(b 3–b 6)b 7–b 8(c 1–c 7)c 8–
d 8→ S1 138←a 1–a 6(a 7–b 8) S1 139(a 1–a 6)a 7–a 8(b 1–c 4, d 5–d 6) S1
134a hy ] RABh , · · ·hy S2 , hy S3 • ] RABh , S2S3 134c ' ] S2RBh ,
' S3 135a A,! ] S2RA3Bh , A S3 (unmetrical) 135b r ! ] S1S3RBh , r ,! S2
135d +M, | ] S1 , "> | S2S3Bh • 2tt! ] S2S3 , ( 2tt) S1 , tt! Bh (conj.)
136c 5" ] S1S3RBh , 5 S2 137a c ] S1S3RA , c S2 (anusvāra possibly lost) ,
c Bh (conj.) • 2& #nn' ] A3A7Bh , –˘ ˘ ( #nn') S1 , 2&tt #,' S2 , 2& #,'
S3 137b 2;'M ] S2S3R , –˘ –˘ ('M) S1 , 2; u'M Bh (conj.) • j,! ] RABh ,
() ˘ –˘ S1 , j! S2S3 137c r cc#" #dvя
| ] conj. , (r cc#" #dvя
) –˘ S1 , u {"
S2ac }N ,+g2! S2 , u" N , g2! S3 , r cc#" #pr
| Bh (Bh possibly read thus
pc ac
in S1.) 138b 9| d! ] S2 S3RBh , S1 , |cc d S2 138d db(hm5 ] S1RA ,
db(hm5 S2 , db(hm5 S3 , db(hm5,! Bh (em.) • # ] S2RA3A5Bh , A S1 , # S3 139a
""##,kt ] RA , (vv""##,) – –˘ S1 , ""#,kt S2S3Bh 139d i" ] S1Bh ,
i S2S3
171
183
(184)
+2"5
172 dv#6 9
kt > % pr% ।

%

! (D pr dя॥ 140॥
av0 (D h g j#।

% R L , , ॥ 141॥
( } c cpr 9 nn tt।
%! 9 %O *.॥ 142॥
e pr L ?#।
я % M, 9 ;,6 ॥ 143॥

( j > > y#।
>*
T,hm O9c яp,(6^॥ 144॥
% R pr%।
B
pr ^ O9 *.॥ 145॥
pr9h ( - (?+ tt।
>
T .h/ /я (dy॥ 146॥
141d ] k! R 142a "#'# ] "#'я# R 143a ] Rpc , Rac 143d
! ] " ! R 144a #" ]
# R 144b b! ] + R 145a + 2 ]
R 146c ] +6 R 146d–147a ] om. R
140b #+M , A,! ] # U A,! A 140cd ] om. A 141cd ] om. A 142a "#-
'# ] "#'я# A3A7 , "#'L# A5 144a j ] j A 144ab # + #+,! ]
A3A5 , # #+,! A7 144ab # + #+,! ] A3A5 , # #+,! A7 144b b! ]
A3A5 , b A7 145d : ] A3A5 , : A7 146c +M ] +M,, A (unmetrical)
146d 2я "dy ] 2'" " A3 , 2" " A5 , 2?+" " A7
140c 8(d 1–d 8) S1 141(a 1–a 6)a 7–b 8(c 1–c 2) S1 142(a 4–b 4)b 5(b 6–b 7) S1 143(c 1–c 2)
S1, (c –c )c –d → S3
4 7 8 8 144(a –a , b –b )b –d (d –d ) S1, ←a –a (a ) S3
4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 1 6 7 145(b 1–
b 8)c 1(c 2)c 3(c 4–c 8) S1 146(d 6)d 7–d 8→ S3
pc ac
140a kt ] S1S2RABh , kt S3 140b prA ] S1S2 RABh , prA S2 S3 140c #A-
#
( ] R , A#
( S1S2S3Bh , • "> 9 ] RBh , ("> ) –˘ S1 , ">
S2S3 140d 'я ]
RBh(conj.?) , ('я) S1 , 'я S2S3 141b #V+ ] S3RABh , #U+ S2 • j,! ]
RABh , j S2S3 141d |I ] S3 , |cc, S1 , |cc S2 , |
Bh (conj.) 142a "#'# ] em. Bh (silently) , "#'(-# ) S1 , "#'-# S2S3 143a
Before this Bh adds ,'2 u। 143c AJ ] S1S2RABh , (A )· · · S3 143d
! ] S2ABh , S1 144ab # + #+,! ] S2pc RA3A5Bh , # #+ S1 , # + #+
ac
S2 , · · ·# ˘ + #+ S3 144b b! ] A3A5Bh , ( ) –˘ S1 , b S2S3 144c +M:hm ]
S2RABh , +M :hm S3 • #=5c ] S2RABh , #=5 S3 (unmetrical) 144d я) ! ]
S2pc RABh , · · ·( !) S1 , я) S2ac , я) S3 • "U ] S1S2RABh , "V S3 145b
pc
# ] S1S2RABh , # S3 145d #=5 ] S1S3RABh , #=5 ! S2 • : ] S1S2 RA3
A5Bh , : S2ac S3 146c +M ] S1S2Bh , +M S3 146d 2я ] S1S2Bh , 2я S3
pc ac
• "dy ] S2 Bh , "dy S1 , "dy S2 , (")· · · S3
172
184
(185)
+2"5
173 dv#6 9

T .h/
> ।
$ 9

%B-॥ 147॥
/я T i s O9 $
6d#।
(D , g- sr\.pr#॥ 148॥
B %B
( #।

, * Tdvy #॥ 149॥
dg
*
Thm pr j.?y।
pr$9 6 pr9h pr - ॥ 150॥
tt
, ; pr$9#।
a , pr6 (D ,9 ।
s * Thm , %॥ 151॥
av 0\. sn pr pn ।
0 ? % я > dvя#।
pr 9 ( E * Thm. pn #॥ 152॥
147c #,&-5 ] #,&, R 147d + +AG. ] + #+nnAG2. R 148a 2я-

2 i# p ] 2я+ i# #p R 148b #=5 ] #=5 ++ R 148c #, ,V. ]
#,tt,#dv=5 ! R 148d Spr! ] S A ! R 149c #, ' ] #,' ' R 149d
, ] 5c R 151a + ! ] + ! R 152e pr5"#'L ] pr5 "#'я
dy+
R
147ab ] om. A 147cd + +AG. ]

AG A
! A3A5 ,
"
A7 148ab ] om. A 148c "> #, ,V. ] ">#,tt,#dv=5 ! A± (unmetrical)
149a G ] A3A7 , G A5 149ab ' AG ] AG
{ A7} A 149c #, -
' ] #,tt+ A 149d , ] ,cc A3 , 5cc A5 , 5cc A7 150ab ] om. A
151ab ] om. A 151c a + ] att A3A5 , att, A7 151d pr2 ] pr2
A 151e ] A7 , A3 A5 151f A, ] A3A7 , A, A5 152d #dvя! ] #dvя A
152e pr5"#'L ] pr5 "#'я
dy+ A
147b 4(b 5)b 6–d 3(d 4–d 8) S1, ←a 1–c 2 S3 148(a 1–a 8)c 1–d 1(d 2–d 8) S1 149(c 4) S1, (b 5–b 6)
S2 150(a 1, a 8)b 1–d 8→ S1, (c 4–c 5)c 6–c 7(c 8) S3 151←a 1–a 6(a 7–b 4)b 5–b 8(c 1–c 3)c 4–
f 8→ S1 152←a 1–e 6 S1
147a g ] S2Bh , S1 147c #,&-5 ] ABh , #,&5 S2 , · · ·-5 S3

147cd

! ] S2Bh ,
! S3 (unmetrical) 148a 2я2 ] S1S2pc S3Bh , 2я2 S2ac
148b #=5 ] S1S2Rpc Bh , #=5 S3 148c #, ,V. ] S2S3 , #, ,#dv=5 ! Bh 149a
G ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , G S1 149b ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , S1 151c a ] S2RBh ,
(a') S1 , a' S3 151f A, ] RA3A7Bh , A, S2S3 152a sn ] S2pc RABh ,
ac
sn S2 , sn, S3 152d #dvя! ] S2S3R , #dvя,! Bh (conj.?) 152e ] S1Bh , M S2S3
173
185
(186)
+2"5
174 dv#6 9
R ; 0C *
Thm O9(#।
%
v
! ((
, > #॥ 153॥
.g > [ (Bя 6 % #।
%!9,hr
sn
;, -॥ 154॥
pr $ *Thm 9B #।
,5 db!B (6LM॥ 155॥
( u ।
pr O , T (,#।
j pt . c pr [ $ #॥ 156॥
ekt
* Thm9 5 t।
.g y. 6 ?!R , tt ॥ 157॥
(B9
, 5 prя (
।

!я pr pr B0,॥ 158॥
pr
я >( ।
(< ; dg

>#॥ 159॥
153b ! ] R 153c Av

( ] Av
( R 153d ,M ] , M R 154b
# A+! ] A+! R 155a pr ] pr ,! R 155b G#,! ] :& ! R 156b
] vv R 157b t ] '2 R 158a ' ] 'c R 159c dg , ]
dg ,
# R
153a ? ] A3A7 , d A5 153b #=5 ] A5A7 , #=5 A3 • "! ] v A3 ,
" A5A7 153cd ] om. A 154b A+! ] A3 , A+ A5A7 154cd ] om.
A 155a pr ] pr A3A7 , om. A5 (unmetrical) 155c #2 ] A3A5 , #2 A7
156a = ] A3 ,
v A5 , , A7 156b ] A 156d 2c ] A3A5 ,
2, A7 • prN+
] prN A 157d tt ] A3 , tt A5A7 158a–159b ]
om. A 159c "H, dg , ] + VA+ A (cf. 163a)
154(d 1–d 6) S1 155a 1(a 2–a 8)c 1–d 4 S1 159(c 6) S2
153a 9| ' ] S1RABh , |! S2 , | S3 • ? ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , d S3
153b "! ] S1 , "+" S2S3 , " Bh (conj.) 153c " ! ] S2pc RBh , "
S1S2ac S3 153c Av
( ] S S
2 3 Bh , A
v
( S 1 154a #g ] S1S2RABh , #g,! S3 154c
hr ] S1S2RBh , S3 154d # ] S2RBh , (
#) S1 (unmetr., tops lost) , #
S3 155a pr ] em. Bh , (pr ) S1 (tops lost) , pr S2pc S3 , pr S2ac • ]
S1S2pc S3RABh , M S2 155c #2 ] S2RA3A5Bh , #2 S3 156a = ] S2
RA3Bh , , S1 , = S3 156b ] S2S3Bh , vv S1 • ] S1S2RABh ,
S3 156d 2c prN+ ] S2S3RBh , 2 N+ S1 • 9-,! ] S1RABh , --
! S2S3 157a Before this Bh adds ,'2 u। 157b :hm5 ] S1S2RABh , :hm5
S3 157d tt ] S2S3RA3Bh , cc S1 (unmetrical) 158c 9#(я ] S2RBh , #dvя
S1 , #(я S3 159b #+M ! ] S2S3RBh , #+M S1 159c "H, dg ] S2RBh , "H nngdg
S1 , "H,g S3
174
186
(187)
+2"5
175 dv#6 9
6v %$>#।

.g ( %kty (Bя v#॥ 160॥
u h+ , ,#।
6 j.({ 5 , ( (#॥ 161॥

5 ।
$! g
c /0 ,।
y 6
9 ॥ 162॥
g% prnn v।
$, %kt > , pr ॥ 163॥

u ।

LM ; g > y#।
aj %
T ॥ 164॥
u ।
-
- - 9 ;,6 -।
(< $ g- 5 $+ ॥ 165॥
160b A- ] A R 161d ]

R 162 C ] r&
C R 162b
+ ] + R • ,& ] ,& R 162c ' ] R 162cd 2 +' ] Rpc ,
2 +' R 163a V ] "U R 163b prnn+ ] prtn+ R • v ] v# R
164 ]
R 164a # IJ+ ] ## cc+ R 164b #,V,! ] { Rac }-
#,U,! R 165cd - V. ]
"="! R
160a & ] Akt A3A7 , Akt A5 160b A- ] #dvя & A3A7 , #dvя -
& A5 (unmetrical) 161a h# ] A7 , 2# A3 , h# A5 (unmetrical) 161cd ] om.
A 162a -( ] -6 A 162b ,& ] A7 , .,& A3 , , A5 162c ' ##,2 ! ]
##,# A 163a + ] A7 , tt+ A3A5 • VA+ ] ' +A+ A3A7 , 'A-
+ A5 (unmetrical) 163b prnn+ ] pr"nn+ A 163c - # Akt+ ] 5 #{ #
A5 }
{
+ A7} A 163d '+M pr ] , + A 164 ] A
164a IJ+ ] cc+ A 164b b! ] b,! A 164c A ] A5A7 , A A3 164d
# ] A3A5 , # A7 165a
. ] A3 ,
A5A7 165b 5! ] A7 , +5! A3 ,
+5 A5 165cd ] om. A
160(a 1) S1 162(c 1–c 2) S3 165(b 5–b 6) S2
160b A-#+M ! ] S2S3Bh , A- #+M S1 160c #g ] S1RA , #g S2Bh , #
S3 160d "Gя ] S1S2RABh , "Gя S3 161c " ] S1RBh , " S2S3 • C ]
S2S3RBh , & S1 161d "# ] S1S2RBh , "# S3 (unmetrical) 162 C ] S2S3
ABh , u S1 162a c ] S2S3RABh , S1 162cd 2 +' ] S1Rpc Bh ,
2 +' S2S3 162d ] S2S3RABh , ! S1 163b prnn+ ] S1 , pr"nn+ S2S3Bh ,
• v ] ABh , v S1 , v# S2 ,
v# S3 163c - ] S2S3RBh , - S1pc ,
- S1ac 163d '+M ] RBh , +M S1 , '+M! S2 , '+IJ? S3 • pr-

] RBh (conj.?) , pr
! S1S2S3 164
] S1 ,
S2Bh , S3 164b #,V,! ]
S1S3ABh , V,! S2 164c A ] RA5A7Bh , AG S1pc S3 , dRG S1ac , A,
G ! S2 164d # ]
S2S3RA3A5Bh , # S1 165a
. ] S2RA3Bh ,
b. S1 ,
. S3 165b 5! ]
S2RA7 , 5 S1S3 , +5! Bh 165d V. ] S2S3Bh , V S1
175
187
(188)
+2"5
176 dv#6 9
pr
% - (।
( >,
tt
dm
[#॥ 166॥

j 9
; , \. pn।
(0 r 9 c % ॥ 167॥
a$ c 5 c ; y я,।
%O %
; ( ॥ 168॥

5 ।
69O %B pr LM
v।
O( hy+ dy t >,॥ 169॥
u ।
ekt $ ।
pr j. pr9 %B i dy॥ 170॥
pc ac
166a pr
] pr
R (unmetrical) • A ] R , A R 166b " ] "
R 166d #dm #N ! ] dy M
#N R 167a + j 5+ ] j j 5+ R
168a cCc ] c vv! R 168d ] a vv R 169
C ] r&C
R 169a 5= ] 5= R 169b #2 ! ] #2c+dy+ R 169c =2#" ] +2#
R 169d dyt#M ] # '#cc R
166a pr ] A5A7 , pr

A3 166b + ] A 166c " ] " A 166d -
#dm ] A7 ,
# A3A5 • #N ! ] M#N A 167b 'pn# ] pn# A 167d -
5
c ] A3A7 , 5 + A5 • A+ ] A3A5 , Ac A7 169a 5= ] 5= A 169ab
#2 'prIJ ] #2 + prIJ A3A5 , #2c+'prIJ# A7 169b v ] A5 , v
A3 , Aя A7 169c =2#" hy ] a-#" hy A3 (unmetrical) , a-#" hy A5
(unmetrical) , a-c#" A7 (unmetrical) 169d '#M ] { A7}# A 170b
] M A 170c pr5 ] pr A
166(b 4) S1 168(a 1–a 5) S1, (a 5–a 7)a 8–b 6(b 7) S2 169(b 6) S2
166b . ] RABh , S1S2S3 • + ] S1R , #+ S2S3 , + Bh (conj.) • " ] S2S3
ABh , " S1 • After this Bh conjectures loss of 2 pādas 166c tt
] S2S3RA , tttt

S1 , ! Bh (typo) 166d #dm ] S1S2A7Bh , #) S3 167a + ] S2S3ABh ,
tt S1 • + ] S1ABh , + S2S3 167d A+ ] S1S3RA3A5Bh , Ac S2 168a
cC ] S1A , c() S2 , c S3Bh 169 C ] S2S3ABh , om. S1 169a
5= ] S1 , 5= S2S3Bh • AG ] S2S3RABh , AG S1 • #2 ! ] S2S3Bh , #2c
S1 169b v ] S1RA5Bh , ( )v! S2 , v S3 169c =2 ] S1Bh , 2
S2 , 2 S3 (unmetrical) • hy
] S2S3RA3Bh , hy S1 169d '#M ] S2S3Bh , -
#M S1 170b ] S2S3RBh , S1 170c prj# ] S1S2RABh , prj# S3 170d
dy# ] S2RA , # S1Bh , dy# S3
176
188
(189)
+2"5
177 dv#6 9
$ u ।

%я , B kt ।
%kt % ( ( 9
9 % ,#॥ 171॥
j nn % y. (Bя !(V ।
( ?+ - 9 % ,#॥ 172॥
srg 9 $ $ !9 #।
%B (6 ($(nn
9 % ,#॥ 173॥
| 0 6яdg9v
! pr% (#।
(tn [ 9pr% kt
9 % ,#॥ 174॥

?9 tt ( * Thm y O9 B #।
i! r 0 яp
9 % ,#॥ 175॥
171a , ] , R 171b ,kt2 ] , R (unmetrical) 171d ]

-
R (unmetrical) • 5 ] 5g R (unmetrical) 172a # , ] #A,
R 172ab nn+#A ] # +#A R 172d 5 ] 5g R (unmetrical)
173b ,¦5! ] ,5! R 174a o ] o R (unmetrical) 174c 5 ] :
R 175a #tt ",! ] #tt R (unmetrical) 175b :hm ] :hm R
(unmetrical) 175c i(r#, ]
(
&## R
171b ] A3A5 , A7 • ,kt ] Ckt A (unmetrical) 171c ] A3A7 , A5

(unmetrical) • "#5 ] A3A7 , "#5 A5 171d ] A3A7 ,
A5 • 5 ] 5 A3
A7 (unmetrical) , 5 A5 (unmetrical) • ] A5A7 , om. A3 (unmetrical) • A! ]
A3A5 , AD? A7 172–173 ] om. A (an insertion mark after 171d in A7) 174ab ] om.
A7 174a ] om. A3A5 (unmetrical) • яdg5v ] )#,v A3 (unmetrical) ,
)#,v A5 (unmetrical) 174c–176d ] om. A
171(speaker indication)a 1–a 10 S2 173(a 12–a 13)b 1–b 5, c 1(c 2) S2

pc ac
171a #+6 ] S3 RABh , S1 ,
##+6 S3 171b G ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , G S1
pc
• ,kt ] S2S3 Bh , Akt S1 , ,kt S3 171c "#5 ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , "#5! S1
171d ] S1S2RABh , S3 (unmetrical) • ] S2S3RABh , S1 • ] S1S2R
ac pc
A5A7Bh , S3 (unmetrical) • A! ] S2S3 RA3A5Bh , ,D? S1 , A! S3 172b
] S1S3RBh , S2 (unmetrical) 172b nn+#A ] S2Bh , nn +#A! S1 , nn+#A S3
(unmetrical) 172c " ] S2RBh , " S1 (unmetrical) , H2" S3 (unmetrical) •
Q# ] S2S3RBh , Q# . S1 172d ] S1S2RBh , S3 (unmetrical) • 5 ] S1S2
Bh , 5 S3 (unmetrical) • ] S1S2RBh , S3 • A! ] S2RBh , AD S1 ,
A S3 173b ,, ] R , ,, S1 , #d, S3Bh • , (,¦5! ] S2S3Bh , -
ac
,{ S1 }nn5! S1 (retraced) 173c–174d ] om. S3 173c "nn, ] S1S2R , "tt,
Bh (typo) 173d A! ] S2RBh , AD S1 174a o ] S1pc S2A3A5 , o ++
S1 , 2 Bh (typo) • я! ] S2RBh , я S1 • 5v ] S1RBh , 5 v S2
174c "tn& ] S2RBh , "tn& S1 • # ] S2R , S1 , #A Bh (typo) 174d
pc ac ac

] S1S2 RBh , S2 175a Q5#tt ] S2S3Bh , , { S1 }5
#tt S1 • ",! ] S1S2Bh , " S3 175b ] S2S3Bh , 2# S1 • -
b,! ] RBh (conj.) , " &,! S1 , o G ,! S2S3 (unmetrical) 175c i(r,! ] S2Bh , i(),!
S1 , i(r S3 • ,! ] S1S2RBh , S3 175d
5 ] S1S2RBh , 5 S3
(unmetrical)
177
189
(190)
+2"5
178 dv#6 9
.+ 6 g hyj ( + #।

C % , dy , v $ % % #॥ 176॥
u ।
e
sr .$9।
pr , * B ,9 9 (d॥ 177॥
pr(nn
$ sr . $9#।

5 % > ( db.॥ 178॥
srBD (%B- *%B ;।
hpr pr! (dy॥ 179॥
; (D .$9 #।
aя, sr* 6 ।
s % я, % ॥ 180॥
176a ! ] ! R 176ab V hyj ] Vj R 176b ] R 176c Ady

] AD vv R (unmetrical) 176d #v' - ] #v', - R (unmetrical)
• A ! ] #tt R 177b sr ] r R 177c 5 ] vv
5 R 178a pr"nn ] prtn
R 178b sr ] r R 178c
C ]
C R 178d +'M"db& ] +-
ac
">+('),+db& R (R unmetrical) 179a +srG> ] +rG{ r Rac }> R
pc ac
179b #: ] #=5 R , om. R (unmetrical) 179c gpr# ] ' R 180c sr ]
r R 180d ] R
177b sr# -5 ] . a# {5

A7}-5 A 177cd ] om. A 178a pr"nn ] pr"nn! A
178b sr# -5! ] { A7} a#
", A 178c A ] A A 178d "db& ] A3 ,
"& A5 , " db& A7 179a +srG>" ,! ] +r #," ! A3A5 , + r #5 " ! A7
(unmetrical) 179b #: ] #=5 A 179c gpr# ] ' A3A7 , ' A5 (unmetrical)
180a ] A3A7 , A5 180c aя,sr ] я, r A3 , 'я, r A5 , c,r
A7 180d ##, ] ##, A (unmetrical) 180ef 'я, ] ' Aя, A3 , 'я A5
(unmetrical) , ' j, A7 180f A ] A3A5 , A A7
176(b 13) S2, c 9–c 10 S3 177(d 1) S1 178(c 8)d 1–d 8→ S3 179←a 1–b 4 S3
176a # ] S1S2R , # S3 (unmetrical) , t# Bh (conj.) • 2 ] S1RBh , c

2 S2 (unmetrical) , 2' S3 (unmetrical) 176b ! ] S2S3RBh , ,! S1
176c ] Bh (conj.) , S1S2S3 • ] S1Bh , S2S3 176d A ! ] S2
S3Bh , om. S1ac , #tt S1pc (i.m. sec. hand; Bh reads this as #kt) 177c pr ] S1S2S3R ,
pr Bh (typo) • 5 ] S2S3Bh , vv 5 S1 177d " d# ] S2S3RBh , " A# S1
178c C ] S2S3A ,
C S1Bh 178d 'M"! ] S2A3Bh , 'M" S1 179a
+srG> ] em. , +srG S1 , +G S2 , +rG> Bh (em.?) 179b AG #, 6 ]
S1S2RABh , · · · 6 S3 (unmetrical) 179c #, ] S1RABh , ,# S2pc S3 , – # S2ac 179d
"dy ] S3RABh , "dy S1S2 180a ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , S3 • ] S2S3RA ,
pc ac
S1Bh • ,& ] S1S2 RABh , ,& S2 S3 180b -5! ] S1S2pc RA , -5! S2ac S3
pc ac
180c sr ] S2 , sr S1 , sr S3 , r Bh (em.?) 180d ] S2S3 A , # S1S3 ,
#
dd Bh (conj.) • ##, ] RBh (conj.?) , ##, S1S2S3 (unmetrical) 180f , ]
S1S2RABh , , S3 (unmetrical) • A ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , A S1
178
190
(191)
+2"5
179 dv#6 9
(, (, dy O

।
av 0\. ( sn hy [ ॥ 181॥
6c nn
9 ।
(я, O , (.[ ॥ 182॥
( + c ? 6
dy ।
*
T hm9 % я sn ( O ।
.
я (O ॥ 183॥
e 6v 6 ; [ T#।
v $ pr 6( ॥ 184॥
d 9 % pr ।
*
T
B
( 0 [#॥ 185॥
u ।
a> $ pr9h % ।
%B %B v } ( (॥ 186॥
181a " " ] "vv? "vv? R 181d sn hyN+# ] sn' hyN+ R 182c , ",! ] ",+
R 182d # " ] # nn#" Rpc , # nn" Rac 183c sn +'# ] sn' '# R
183e 2 ] 2 R 184c
+ ] , R 185a + ] R •
9+ ] - R
181a " " ] A3A5 , vv "vv A7 181b #=# ] A#=# { A7} A
182c ,= ] A 182d # ] 'dg# ! A3A5 , )# ! A7 183ef ] om. A 184a
v ] v A • # ] A7 , # A3A5 184b ,! ] ,G ,! A3A5 , ,tt A7
184c v+ + ] v{+ A3}+ , A 185a +d 9+ ] { A5}
A - A 185c ", ] , A 185d #, ] # A 186c v+ ] A7 , ++
A3A5
181(b 8)c 1–d 8→ S3 182←a 1–a 6(a 7) S3 184(c 5, c 6–d 3) S1, (b 6–c 4)c 5–c 7(c 8–d 4) S3
181a " " ] S1pc S2S3A3A5Bh , "vv"vv S1ac • dy ] S2S3RABh , dy S1 182a
9#+,! ] S1RABh , #+ S2S3 182c ",я ] S2ABh , ",я S1 , ", я S3 (unmetrical)
182d # ] S1Rpc Bh , , ! S2S3 183cd 'sn +'# ] S1S2ABh , 'sn '# S3
183e 2 ] S2S3Bh , 2 S1 183f '"# =# ] S2S3RBh , C{# S1ac }#=# S1 184a
Before this S1 adds , u। , while Bh adds ,'2 u। 184a v ] S1S2RBh , V S3
• # ] S2S3RA7Bh , # S1 184c + ] S2Bh , ()( ) S1 , ˘ – – ( ) S3 184d
- ] S2RABh , (-) S1S3 185a Before this S1 adds
# u। , while Bh adds u।
185a d ] S2S3Bh , dv S1 185b A ] S2S3RABh , S1 185c ", ] S1RBh ,
A! S2 , A S3 185d #, ] S2S3RBh , # S1 • &#N ! ] S2S3RABh , tt S1
186a + ] S2RABh , + S1S3 186b pr5g ] S2S3RABh , pr5g S1 186c
AG v+ ] S2RA7 , pr5g #,v+ S1 , AG v+ S3 , AG v+ Bh (conj.) 186d
", ", ] S1S2RABh , ",", S3 (unmetrical)
179
191
(192)
+2"5
180 dv#6 9
$ u ।
g % 5 ।
> (D ( e+ ॥ 187॥

u ।
e dv ( a > O#।
9; (B9
, y. #।
6 - % $ >॥ 188॥
i y. > %O ।
>C
; (D g #॥ 189॥
( ( ।
.[
; >।
6 (я, .[ я ॥ 190॥
a % h sn ? 6 > ; ।
,( (,kt |.

॥ 191॥
9( %! я #।
.
; - pr % C , 9 #॥ 192॥
187b A'6 C ] A' ttC! R 187c +M, ] sn, R 187d e 9+

# ] A' -! R 188 speaker indication–b ] om. R 188d 9,! ] 5 R
188f ] " R 190a ,6 ] ,' R 190b #,, ] #, R 190c N+-
] N+ R • ] R 190d 2M, ] 2, R 190e 96 , ] ", R 192c
pc ac
2& ] 2& R • . pr& ] pr& ! R , pr& R (unmetrical)
187b A'6 C ] A' C A5A7 , A'

ttC A3 188 ] A 188c
25 ] 2 A • '
] A3A7 , ' A5 (unmetrical) • "G5
] A3A5 , "> A7 188d
9,! ] { A3}, A 188e '. ] dy A 188f ] A 189a–
197b ] om. A
188c 1(c 2) S2
pc ac
187a
] S1S2 S3RABh , ( A) S2 (unmetrical) 187b A'6 ] S2 , A'
S1 , A ' 6 S3 , A' tt Bh (conj.) • C ] conj. Bh , C S1S2S3
187c "> "#6 ] S2S3RA , "#6 ">c S1 , "#6 "> Bh 188 ] S1 , S2S3Bh
pc ac
188c 25 ] S1RBh , –˘ (5)! S2 , 25 S3 • '
] S2 RA3A7Bh , ' S1 , g S2
(unmetrical) , g' S3 188d 9,! ] S2S3Bh , 5! S1 188e '. ] S2S3
RBh , 2'. S1 189c &M? ] S1S3RBh , &M! S2 189d # ! ] S1pc R , S1ac ,
#nnA! S2S3Bh 190a ,6 ] S2pc S3Bh , , S1 , , –˘ S2ac 190c ] S1S2RBh ,
S3 190d + ] S2RBh , kt S1 , + S3 • 2M, ] em. Bh (silently) , 2Mc, S1S2S3
190e 96 ] S2S3Bh , S1 • ",я ] S1S2RBh , ",яg S3 (unmetrical) 190f N+ ]
S2S3RBh , N+ S1 191a a6 ] S2S3RBh , ttR S1 191b Q ] S1S2RBh , Q S3
191c ##,kt ] S1R , #kt' S2S3Bh 192b я ! ] S1pc S2S3RABh , я ! S1ac
pc ac
192c 2& ] S2S3Bh , 2& S1 • pr& ] em. , pr& . S1 , pr&' S2 Bh , pr&' S2 S3 192d
A? ] RBh (em.?) , AD S1 , A S2S3
180
192
(193)
+2"5
181 dv#6 9
c (. 5 dv( ( ~6 #।

* я
R c *B 9 R pr- #॥ 193॥
u ।
e $ j ; 5 h% ।
j <Mnn >;> ॥ 194॥
5 u ।

yя 5 ~ % ।
kv > ( hy
LM
#॥ 195॥
u ।
% pr9 ; tt
;।
я h* pr *
T
B D #॥ 196॥
* Thm
pr9h * ।
u 6
%+ v॥ 197॥
e pr L pr- #।
6 [ ktv ~ ,D я #।
,pr 9%6
pr 9 (9
% #॥ 198॥
193b dv&" #" ] &"c#" R 194c ##HJnn ] ##IJnn R 194d M ! ] M R 195a

bя ] b R 195b _ ] _ R 196c я#g:2 ] #g:2 R 196d
>! ] ! R 197c # '

]
# '
R (unmetrical) 198e pr5 ] vv?
pr, R 198f pr5" ] pr5 R
197c # '

]
# '
A (unmetrical) 197d
v# ] A3 , v& A5 , vv# A7
198a #+'' pr I ] A3A5 , #+'' Ipr A7 198c 9Nktv ] A3A7 , N'2
A5 198e pr5 ] "" A • A ] A7 , A A3A5 •
& ] A3 ,
& A5A7 198f
A! ] A A
193a c ] S1S2pc RBh , c S2ac S3 193b dv&" #" ] S1S2pc S3Bh , dv&"c#" S2ac • _ -
pc ac
2! ] S1 S2S3RBh , _ , S1 194c ##HJnn ] S1pc S2pc Bh , ##IJnn S1ac , #++#IJnn
S2 , ##HJ, S3 (unmetrical) 195a bя ] S1S2Bh , b S3 195ab #C _ ]
S2S3R , _ #C S1Bh 195b A2& ] S1S2pc RBh , Ak# S2ac , Ak# S3 195c
kv ] S2S3RBh , - S1 195d #IJ# ] S1RBh , #IJ# S2 , #gIJ# S3 196a
pc ac
] S2S3RBh , # S1 • A & ] S1S2S3 RBh , A# S3 196b pr5 ] S2RBh ,
pr5g S1 , pr5 S3 196c я#g:2 ] conj. , #:2 S1 , #g:2! S2 , #g:2 S3 , #g:2
pc ac
Bh 197a & ] S1S2 RBh , & S2 S3 198a Before this S1 adds , u। , while Bh
adds ,'2 u। 198a #+'' pr I ] RA3A5Bh , #+ # pr I S1 , #+''

& S2S3 198b & ] S1RABh , pr I S2 , pr I S3 (unmetrical) 198c ## ] S2
S3RABh , # S1 • 9Nktv ] RA3A7Bh , Nkt S1S2S3 198d 2> ] S1pc RABh ,
ac
2g> S1 , 2> S2S3 • я ! ] S2S3RABh , я ! S1 198e A ] S1S2RA7
Bh , A S3 • & ] S2S3RA3Bh ,
& S1 198f pr5" ] S2ABh , pr5pr S1 , pr5
S3 (unmetrical)
181
193
(194)
+2"5
182 dv#6 9
( ,9 kt *
Thm9 #।
† udv
dykt †॥ 199॥
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –।
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ॥ 200॥
i $ j tt#।
%
vpr^
! $ T ॥ 201॥
(
69 dv ( r dvя (।
,( (,kt ,.

॥ 202॥
% ( $ j p
( !.
y EE. g#।
?y . pt. 0( .
9( , ॥ 203॥
i ( 9
dv ॥ 32॥
199cd ] udv #o 2 '+!{'+ Rac } # R 200 ] om. R 201a i ]
i R 202a " 5 ] " IJ 5 R 203c Qb ] ,я## я R Col.
i# r&+2"5 b>
-j, , dv#6tt 9 R
199a 25 ] 25 A 199cd ] udv #o{o& A5} 2 '+ ! # A 200 ]
om. A 201a i ] i A 202a " ] "
dv A 203 ] om. A Col. i# r&+2"-
5
e2&# sr # #2b
-j, , dv#6tt 9॥ 32॥ A± (A7 omits
number)
199c udv

] S2 , udv S1 , udv S3 , : Bh (conj.)
199d dykt ] S2S3Bh , dy dykt S1 200 ] Loss of four or more pādas conjectured ,
om. S1S2S3Bh 201a i ] S1S2 , i,! S3 , i Bh • -j+ ] S1S2RABh , -+ S3
(unmetrical) 202a " ] S1S2S3 , " dv Bh 202c ""##,kt ] S1RA , ""#,-
kt S2S3 , ""#kt Bh (typo) 202d 2 ] S1S2RABh , 2 S3 203a #," ]
S1RBh , #," & S2S3 • j #),! ] S2RBh , j 2tt S1 , j #), S3 203b

b ] S1RBh , b S2 , b
S3 203c Q ] S2S3Bh , Q S1 (unmetrical) •
ac pc
b ] S2 ?, b S1S2 S3 , b Bh (conj.) • "! ] S2S3RBh , S1 203d

] S2S3RBh , ## S1 (i# part of col.) Col. ॥ 229 (in letter numerals)॥ +2-
"5
-jprM, ॥ a# prA# vv 2' , l 2 2054॥ S1 , +2"5 dv#6!# ॥
S2S3 , i# +2"5 -jprM, dv#6 Bh
182
194
(195)
+2"5
183 6#+6 9
।
u ।
> 6+% (g।
tt pr} 6 6+ я#॥ 1॥
(B,
t 0 , j #।
( (. 5 ( (c#॥ 2॥
pr [ J - *%B।
+ ,9 sr 9 dv ; ।
+ 9 %B - *%B॥ 3॥
c tt , 9
; dy।

;, ( ;;,, pr- ॥ 4॥
1d ,+2' ] , 2' R 3c sr#5 ] r#5 R 3d # ] R 4a #ctt

]
c A
R 4cd "+ ] "+M R
1b "g ] A3A5 , "g A7 1c tt

] A3A5 , '
A7 • pr ] A3A5 , pr A7 1d
я! ]
v A 2b j ] &j A 3ab ] om. A 3f :AG ] A3A5 ,
:AG A7 4a #ctt
] c A
A 4c ] A3A5 , vv A7
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 (up to 122 b 8; f. 63 lost) photos 6.16b (f. 59v), 7.3a
(f. 60r), 7.2b (f. 60v), 6.16a (f. 61r), 6.15b (f. 61v), 1.18a (f. 62r) and 1.17b (f. 62v); S2 exposures
45b–49 (f. 52r–55v); S3 f. 56v–60v; R f. 72v–76v; A3 f. 43r–45r; A5 f. 78v–83r; A7 f. 60v–63v.
4(c 4) S1
1a M ] S1pc S2S3RABh , (a)M S1ac • A

pc
] S1 S2S3RABh , dd S1
ac
1b -
pc ac pc ac
#, ] S1 S2S3RABh , #, S1 • "g ] S1S2 RA3A5Bh , "g S2 S3 1c
tt
] S2S3RA3A5Bh , S1 • pr ] S1S2RA3A5 , pr S3 (unmetrical) 1d ,+2' ]
S1S2S3A , ,+2' Bh (conj.) • я! ] S2S3RBh , +я+ S1 (unmetrical) 2b j-
pc ac
,! ] S3RBh , jb,! S1 , j+,! S2 2c " ] S1 S2S3RABh , " S1
pc ac
• #" ] S1S2 S3RA , #"! S2 • C ] S1S2S3RA , Bh (typo?) 2d " ]
pc
S1S2RABh , " S3 3a # ] S2S3RBh , # S1 • prN ] S1S2 S3RBh , pr(pt)
S2ac 3b . ] S2S3RBh , S1 • :AG ] S2S3RBh , :AG S1 3c 5 ] S2
S3RABh , 5! S1 3d dv ] S1S2S3pc RABh , dv() S3ac • # ] S2S3A , S1 , .
Bh (conj.) 3e AG ] S2S3RABh , AG S1 3f . :AG ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , :AG
pc ac
S1 4a #c ] S2S3 , # S1Bh • ] S1S2 Bh , dd. S2 , . S3 4b
5 ] S1S2RABh , 5 S3 • dy# ] S2RABh , dy# S1 , dy# S3 4c ] S2
RA3A5Bh , vv S1 , S3 • , ] S2S3RABh , ()+,+ S1 (right side of lost) 4cd
"+ , pr ] S2ABh , "+ ,g" S1 , " + , pr S3
183
195
(196)
+2"5
184 6#+6 9
-
v 6v *B
; 6pr% #।
(( + v % #॥ 5॥
- } V 6 ; ( (।

v
+

я 0#॥ 6॥
- %
pr9h * ।
j. 6 g -я-॥ 7॥
;. ky > p 6 ।
O(> O(> ॥ 8॥
5 B, % ।
, y d я. 9 ॥ 9॥
i! T
, *
Thm T 9
।
,.g ॥ 10॥
D 9 , B ,$ >
; ।
(
~,яhv
; ॥ 11॥

;( e $ ।
sr~D{ sr $
; ॥ 12॥
5d & ] +& R 6d , ]

R 7a ] R 7c # j# 2' ]
#+j# R 7d 9# .я. ] # .я! R 8d ="M ] +"M R 9a CG-
] vv R 9b A ] , , R 9c–12b ] om. R
5b :G ] :G# A3A5 , :# A7 5c ] A 5d -

& ] & A 6a–8b ] om. A 8d ] M A 9a ] After this A5 has
M ,। (unmetrical) 9b A ] A 9cd ] om. A 10a i(,26
] (#,
26 A3A7 , (#,
+ - ,। sr- ,। A5 (unmetrical) 10b
:
hm,
2#5 ] A3A7 , , sr26 :hm,
sr2#5
A5 (unmetrical) 10d ,
]
, A3A7 , ,। , । A5 (unmetrical) 11c–12b ] om. A
5(d 7– d 8) S2, (a 8)b 5–b 7 S3 6(a 1, a 4, a 6, c 5)c 6–c 7(c 8–d 5)d 6–d 8 S2 7a 1–a 2(a 3–a 7) S1,
(c 6)c 7–d 8→ S3 8←a 1–b 1(b 2) S3 9(d 5–d 6) S1 10(a 1–a 5)a 6(a 7)a 8–b 2 S1, (d 4)d 5–d 8→
S3 11←a 1–c 1(c 2) S3
5b :G ] S1S2pc RBh , :G S2ac , :G S3 5c ] RBh (em.?) , S1 ,
S2S3 5d 2 & ] S2S3Bh , 2& S1 6c ] S3pc RBh , S1S3ac , – –˘ S2
(anusvāra possibly lost) 6d я #,#! ] RBh (em.?) , я#nn#! S1 , ( я) – ˘ –˘ S2 ,
я#nn# S3 7a . A ] S2Bh , –˘ –˘ –˘ (A) S1 (tops lost, third aks.ara has subscript
!) , .
A,! S3 7c j# ] S1 , j& S2Bh , j(&) S3 7d V ] RBh
(em.) , V S1S2ac , V S2pc 8a Before this Bh adds jG । 9a ]
S1S2pc S3RABh ,
dd S2ac 9b #6, 6 ] S1RABh , #65 6 S2S3 • A ] S1Bh ,
S2S3 9d я ] S1S2S3 , я Bh (conj.) • ##5 ] S2S3Bh , ( )#5 S1
(unmetrical, tops lost, Bh reports &#5 ) 10c ] S1S2ABh , d S3 10d -
] S1Bh , S2 , ( )· · · S3 11c "#6 ] S1ac S2S3Bh , "#tt R S1
pc
11d # ]
S2ac S3Bh , S1S2pc ? 12c , ] S1S2RABh , , S3 (unmetrical) • _> ] S2RABh ,
_¤ S1S3
184
196
(197)
+2"5
185 6#+6 9
(

; я ।
sr+ , , ॥ 13॥
5
; n ।
% %5 % ॥ 14॥

; >
; ।
9 , ;v ,( ॥ 15॥
O pr% > ।
nn ; pr 9 ॥ 16॥
pr, ; (dm .
; ।
; % ; ॥ 17॥
c,y ;
; ।
* Thm9

; 0T
; . ॥ 18॥
( % ।
,> ॥ 19॥
,%Bpr,।
a [ 0 %
v॥ 20॥
14a , + C ] ,+ R 14cd ] om. R 15a ] R 16a #=-
ac
s
, ] #v, R 16d–17a ] om. R 17c ]
R (unmetrical) ,
pc

v R 17d A , , ] A+ + , R 20d A,
v ] "
v R
13ab ] om. A 14ab ] om. A 15c–17d ] om. A 18c–24d ] om. A
14(a 5–b 4)b 5–b 7(b 8) S3
13c , ] S1S2RABh , , S3 (unmetrical) 14a , + C ] S2S3Bh , ,C S1

(unmetrical) 14b 6n ] S2S3RBh , 6n S1 15cd #,'v ] S2S3RBh , #,'v-
S1 16a #=s , ] em. Bh (silently) , #v
, S1 , #vs
, S2S3 16b ,+ M ]
S2S3R , , , S1Bh 16c 9nn ] S2S3RBh , , S1 16d pr5 ] S2S3Bh , pr5-
S1 17a pr 2 ] S2S3Bh , prtt2 S1 17c ] S1 , M S2S3Bh
18d ] S2S3R , S1Bh 19c ] S1S3RBh , " S2 • 9+ ]
S2S3RBh , S1 20a 9, ] S2S3RBh , + S1 20b pr 2 ] S1RBh , prtt2!
S2S3 20c &#N ,! ] RBh (em.) , &#N ,! S1 , &#N S2S3 20d '+ ] S2S3RBh ,
+ S1 • A,v ] em. Bh (silently) , A, v S1 , A,v S2S3 • After this S1 adds
two pādas reading vv 2"# rU # Akt ।
185
197
(198)
+2"5
186 6#+6 9
u ।

-
;
।
, ; (nn >
g pn #॥ 21॥
u ।
a> , pr6 9 #।
;
L #।
u ;- g 6 hy [ ॥ 22॥

B।
g
c -।
я -
v॥ 23॥
i hy > - ( % #।
; pr %(D
v॥ 24॥

u ।
i
( hy %6 > tt#।
(c+$
(
; 6 9( % #॥ 25॥
21c "nn ] g"nn R 21d M V # ] MVg# R 22b 'pr2# 5,! ] 'pr-
2# "g++,! R (unmetrical) 22d I ! ] C! R 22f hy &#N ] )-
pc ac
&#N R 23
G ] G R , G R 23c я' ] ' R
25 ]

R 25a ] R
25 ]

A 25a ] A 25b A# ] A3A5 , A#' A7 25c -
" ] A7 , -"
A3 , - A5 • ] A3A7 , A5 25d 96 ] A3A7 , nn A5
24d 3–d 8→ S1 25←speaker indication–a 3(a 4–b 3, b 6–b 8) S1
pc ac
21c ] S2S3RBh , vv S1 • 2 "nn ] S2 Bh , 2c g"nn { nn S1 } S1 , 2-
pc
+g"nn S2 (unmetrical) , 2 "nn S3 (unmetrical) 22 ,'2 u ] S2S3RBh , om.
pc ac
S1 22a + ] S1S2 S3RBh , + S2 22ab ,, ] RBh (em.?) , vv ,,
S1 , ? ,, S2S3 22b 5,! ] S2S3Bh , 5 ! S1 22d I ! ] conj. , I S1 ,
pc ac
I S2 , I S2 S3 , N Bh (conj.) 22e . ] S2pc RBh , S1S2ac S3 22f
hy ] S2S3Bh , ) S1 • &#N ] S1Bh , &#N g,! S2 , &#N S3
ac pc
23 G ] conj. ,
C S1 , C u S1 , u S2S3 , . Bh (conj.?) 23b
pc ac
,. ] S2 RBh , , S1 , , S2 S3 23d ] RBh (em.) , tt S1 ,
,! S2 , S3 •
pc ac
v ] S2 RBh , v S1S2 S3 24a hy ] S1S2RBh , hy S3 • +M, ,. ] S2S3RBh ,
pc ac
+M, S1 24d v ] S2 RBh , v S2 S3 25 ] em. ,
S2S3Bh 25a

" ] conj. , –˘ (") S1 , " S2S3Bh • hy ] S1S2RABh , hy S3 25b A# ]
S2S3RA3A5Bh , (A#') S1 25d 96 ] S1pc RA3A7Bh , S1ac S2S3
186
198
(199)
+2"5
187 6#+6 9
% , >।

nn mn s % #॥ 26॥
я pr [ (Bя- *.tt-।
dy . 0 O >॥ 27॥
u ।
e ktv tt-।
я 9( ; 0C #॥ 28॥

>
9 . * ।
% ?! 0 LM % ॥ 29॥
+,sr
9 ( + %।
я , 5 * T#॥ 30॥

T (. ,pr 9%6 #।
( c t j tt #॥ 31॥
26a A ] Rac , Rpc 26d A ] A# R 27a я' ] Rpc , ' Rac
27d 2#=M ] 2, #=M R 28b + ktv ] Rpc , + :d Rac 29a
ac pc
5 ] R , 5 R (unmetrical) 29b :, ] :, R 31d #j,! ]
,c R
26c ] A3A7 , A5 26d A ! ] A C A3A5 , #j A7 27a -

] A3A7 , A5 • я' ] A3A5 , ' A7 27c ,' ] A3A7 , ,' A5
(unmetrical) 27d 2#=M ] 2 ##=M A 28ab + ktv ]
: -
d A3A7 , : A5 28c 5" ] A3A5 , 5" A7 28d 2! ] A3 , om. A5
(unmetrical) , 2 A7 29a 9M
5 ] ,
5 A3 , 5
5 A5 ,
5
5 A7 (unmetrical) 29b :, ] :, A 29c 9#+,! ] -
5 A 29d ] A7 , #M A3A5 31b pr5 ] A3A5 , pr A7 (unmetrical)
31d #j,! ] ,! r Uc A
26(c 6–c 8, d 2–d 4)d 5–d 8→ S1 27←a 1– c 2(c 3–c 8)d 1–d 2(d 3–d 8) S1 28(a 4) S1
26c +nnmn ] S2RABh , + ,mn S1S3 • ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , om. S3 (unmetrical)

26cd p # ] RABh , (p )#() S1 (unmetrical, tops lost) , p #! S2 , p #
S3 (unmetrical) 27a ] S2pc S3RA3A7Bh , S2ac 27c ,' ] S3RA3A7Bh , · · ·(,')
S1 (anusvāra possibly lost) , ,' S2 • dy ] S1S2S3RA , dy Bh (conj.) 27d
pc ac pc pc ac
#=M ] S2 Bh , ( #=M) S1 , #=M S2 S3 28ab + ktv ] S2 R Bh , { # S1 }
ac
ktv S1 ,
ktv S2 , kt S3 28c 5" ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , 5" S3 29a -
pc ac

] S1S2 S3RA3A5Bh , S2 29c 9#+A& ] S1S2pc RBh , #+ #A S2ac , #+ A& S3
29d Q( ] S2S3RABh , Q( S1 30d 9+&# ] S2S3RABh , +&'M S1 31a ]
RABh , 6 S1 ,

S2 , S3 31b pr5 ] S1pc S2S3RA3A5Bh , pr#5 S1ac • -
ac pc
! ] S1RABh , g S2 S3 , g S2 31c "6c ] S1S2RABh , "6c S3 31cd
ac
t#j,! ] em. , gt#j{ #я S1 },! S1 , '#j
S2ac S3 , '#j2,! S2pc , '#j,! Bh (conj.) 31d tt,! ] RA
Bh , tt! S1S2S3
187
199
(200)
+2"5
188 6#+6 9
> c я d V % ।

C - hy6< я ॥ 32॥
% pt
я#।
,%B Tя ( 6+% B ॥ 33॥
e > ?! 6+% я M
% #।
pt c я d V prB ॥ 34॥
6+% pr 6 hn।
(
; > ; ( #।
a% dy - %
Tc,p я
#॥ 35॥
d 9 hy6 d ।
B ,6 5 Mnnp0pr 9॥ 36॥
pc ac
34a e2 M Q(,! ] Q(, 2c,! R , Q(,
2cc R (unmetrical) 34c
pt ] hy R (unmetrical) 34d d ] d6& R 35b 2 #hn2 ] #g2 R 35e
pc ac
. ] . R • A ] A R , R 36c G ] G R 36d #Jnn) ]
#IJnnc R
32a c ] c,! A 32b d ] A3A5 , dy6 A7 • A, ] A, A3 ,

A, A5 , A,,! A7 32c ? . ] A7 , '? pr. A3A5 33c "6 ] ">
A 34a e2 M Q(,! ] Q(, 2c A 34b ,яJA,! ] A3A7 , ,я,! A5
(unmetrical) 34c ] A A3A5 , A A7 (unmetrical) 34d d ] d6& A
35a ' ] g A3 , + A5 , g+ A7 35b #,' pr ] pr #nn' A 35e dy
. ] g . A3A5 , hy . A7 • A ! ] A A3A5 , A
. A7 35f #)я ] A7 ,
#ddя A3 (unmetrical) , #॥ я A5 36a , ] A3 , :# A5 , : A7 36c G ]
A3A5 , vv A7 36d #Jnn) ] #Ann) A3A5 , #Ann _ A7
32a M ] S1RABh , S2S3 • # c ] S2S3R , # c S1 , # ¦ cc Bh
pc pc
(conj.) 32b d ] S1S3RA3A5 , d! S2 , d6& Bh (conj.) • A, ] S1 S2
ac ac pc
RA3Bh , A, S1 S2 S3 32c ] S1S2RA7Bh , S3 •
] S1S2 S3RABh ,
S2ac 32d hyH' ] S1S2pc RABh , H' S2ac , ' S3 33b я! ] S2RABh , -
я S1S3 33c
я ] S1S2RABh ,
Lя S3 (unmetrical) 33d G ] S2S3RABh ,
G S1 34a e2 M Q(,! ] S2Bh , e2 Q(5 S1 , e2 M Q( S3 34b
A+,яJA,! ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , C +gprя A S1 34c 2c ] S1S3RABh , 2-
c S2 • ] S1S2S3R , Bh (conj.) 34d d ] S1pc S2pc , d S1ac ,
pc
d S2 S3 , d6& Bh • prG ] S2S3RABh , prG S1 35a A ] S1S2pc RABh , A
ac pc ac
S2 S3 35b #,' ] S1S2 S3RBh , #,' S2 • pr ] S2S3RBh , pr S1 35c #" ] S2
S3RABh , #" ++ S1 35d #" ! ] S2S3RABh , #" ,! S1 35e dy . ] S1S2S3 ,
dy Bh (conj.) • A ! ] em. Bh (silently) , A S1 , A! S2S3 35f #)я ]
S1S2RA7Bh , #я S3 36a ] S2S3RABh , 2&i S1 36b d ] S2S3RABh ,
d S1 36c G ] S1pc (i.m.)Bh , S1ac , "G S2S3 36d #5& ] S2S3RA ,
#5& S1 , 5& Bh (conj.)
188
200
(201)
+2"5
189 6#+6 9
cpt6+ , ।
dv
я ( 6+ {# %॥ 37॥
hy T #।
5 ¢+ .#।
a(* я. 6pt( #॥ 38॥
( ;
! d ,9 ।
0O( 9 , sr 9 ,॥ 39॥
O( | . . ( ।
( t 6+% pr ॥ 40॥
> ?+ ; dg #।
; h% %(* *.॥ 41॥
( ( c 6v hy9, ।
,
c ( y ॥ 42॥
ac pc
37b + pt+ # ] + #dd R 38a ] hy R , y R 38b -
+ ! ] # ! R 38c ]
R 38d ª # ##! ]
i "=2 R 38f " ! ] " R 39a "&# ] ,! #":# R 39c ,="-
5 ] ,"5 R 40a #,=" ] #,"
R 40b ] R 40c ]
ac pc
R 40d # ]
# R ?, R ? 41b dg ,! ] dg,! R 41c
gA #A ] - #A R 42b hy5#, ] hyi#, R
37a–38d ] om. A 39a "&# ] ,! #":# A • '
( ] A3A7 , #pr
( A5 39b
,d # ] nnd #dv A 39c ,="5
] +M '{' A7} A 40a
#,="
] A3A7 , #,="
A5 40b ] A 40c ] A3A5 , A7 41c
] A 42a–44ab ] om. A
40d 6(d 7–d 8) S1, a 7–b 2(b 3) S3 42(d 1–d 6) S2, (c 4)c 5–d 8→ S3
37a 2# ] S1S2S3R , 2(# Bh (typo) 37ab #+c+ pt+ # ] conj. , #+c-
ac
#d S1 , #+c+ pt+ { S2 }#dd S2 (unmetrical, an aks.ara i.m. possibly
lost) , #+c+ pt+ #dd S3 , #+c,! pt+ #dd Bh 37c ] S1S2RBh , S3
(unmetrical) • " ] S2S3RBh , pr S1 37d ] S1pc S2S3RBh , S1ac 38a 9-
pc ac pc ac
hy ] S1 S2S3RBh , hy S1 •
] S2 Bh , gR S1 , S2 S3 38b
pc ac
! ] S1S3Bh , # ! S2 , ! S2 (unmetrical) 38c C ] S1S2pc S3RBh , C
S2ac (unmetrical) 38d ª ] S2pc Bh , S1 , (Q) S2ac , Q S3 • # ##! ] S1
S2pc Bh , # #" S2ac S3 38e a#": ! ] S1S2RABh , a# ! S3 38f " ! ] S2S3ABh ,
" S1 39a #+"&# ] S1S2ac S3 , #+ "&:# S2pc , #+#":# Bh • '
( ]
pc
S2RA3A7Bh , '( S1 , ' ( S3 39b ,d ] S1S2RBh , ,d S3 • # ] S1 S3R
ac
Bh , #" S1 , # S2 39c ="5 ] S1S2Bh , ="5 S3 (unmetrical) 39d ]
RABh , dd S1S2 , S3 40a #,=" ] S1S2A3A7Bh , #,=" S3 40c ] conj.
pc
Bh (silently) , S1S2S3 40d A ] S2S3RABh , A S1 • # ] S2 ABh , – (#-
ac
) S1 , # S2 S3 41a + M ] S1S2RABh , + M S3 • Q# ',! ] S1S3RABh ,
ac
Q{w S2 }# dy' S2 41b dg ,! ] S1pc ABh , #dvdg ,! S1 , dg,!
S2 , dg,! S3 (unmetrical) 42a "& "&,c ] S2RBh , vv? "&,#, S1 ,
"& "&,c S3 42b hy5 ] S1pc Bh , hy5 S1ac , hyi S2S3 • #, ] S1RBh ,
#,! S2S3 42c #6 ] S2S3RBh , #tt
R S1
189
201
(202)
+2"5
190 6#+6 9
! % ( y।

W y C 9 -॥ 43॥
. /0 t ; *.।
a% 6+ pr 6 j.॥ 44॥
, u ।
,%BD ;
. %।

; % d ,, , #॥ 45॥
6+ u ।
%Bp
+ ,h*0#।
% O dy ;॥ 46॥

(,c ,c db. cc (-?+#।
, 5 (* h T॥ 47॥
ektv 6
+! W y #।
/0 ( +(| ॥ 48॥
43ab ] om. R 45 ] ,'2 R 45d # ] # R 46 ] A R 46ab
),
#, ] ),
#nn R 46c ] Rpc , Rac 48c ] R
45a > 9 ] A3A7 , > A5 45d # ] # A3A5 , # A7 46a
# ] # ' A3A7 , A# ' A5 (unmetrical) • ),
]
A 46b g:#! ]
:#A A 46c A+'+ ] Ac+ A 47a + "c ] cc "? A • c ] A3 ,
?c A5A7 47c ] A • C
] A3A7 , C
A5 48a ktv ] A3 , kt A5A7
48c ] A3A7 , dy A5
43(b 8) S1, (a 4, b 5)b 6–b 7(b 8)c 8 S2, ←a 1–a 7(a 8) S3 45(d 2)d 3–d 7(d 8) S2, (c 8)d 1–d 8→ S3
46(a 1–a 2)a 3(a 4)a 5–a 8(b 1) S1, ←speaker indication–b 2(b 3) S3 47(d 1) S1
ac
43b "&, ] S2Bh , "&, S1 , "&, S3 • #b ] S1Bh , – ˘ ( ) S2 , – ˘ ( )
pc pc ac
S2 , #b S3 43c ] S1S2 S3RBh , S2 • ' ] S3RBh , dy
S1 , –˘ S2 43d ? ] S1RBh , tt S2S3 (anusvāra possibly lost in S2) 44a , ]
S2RBh , , S1S3 44b + ] S1S2S3R , + Bh (conj.) 44d ] S1S2RABh ,
ac
S3 45 ] ABh , , S1S2S3 45a > 9 ] RA3A7Bh , > ,! S1 , > ,!
S1pc , > S2S3 (anusvāra possibly lost in S2) 45b ] S2S3pc RABh , S1 ,
ac
S3 (unmetrical) • A ] S2S3RABh , A S1 45c A,#d ] S2RABh , A
S1 , A,(#d) S3 (visarga possibly lost) 45d # ] S1 , # Bh 46 ] S1S2A ,
A Bh (conj.?) 46a # ] S2pc RBh , # S2ac , –˘ # ˘ S1 46c A+'+ ] S1RBh ,
pc
A + S2S3 • ] S2S3R ABh , kt S1 46d 9 ] S2S3RABh , S1 47b cc ]
S1S2RABh , c S3 • ".Q! ] S1S3RABh , ".Q,! S2 47c C ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , C
S1 47d #":g ] S2S3RABh , (#"): S1 48a Before this S1 adds , u। , while Bh
adds ,'2 u। • ktv ] S1S2RA3Bh , kt S3 48c ] S2A3A7 , A
S1ac , A S1pc , S3 , gA ! Bh (conj.) 48d #, ] S1S2RABh , #, S3
190
202
(203)
+2"5
191 6#+6 9
a. u ।
pr ,
;
।
tt 6 /0O > hy#॥ 49॥
( $O 0-।
a O % >॥ 50॥
u ।
% hn?(6 dy।
.
я T *. nn . ॥ 51॥
( M, tt
;, ।
a-9 p p0 , e ॥ 52॥
u ।
, hn, 6 dm#।
6E LM 6 +v॥ 53॥
49ab ' pr# 6, ] –˘ +'+pr# onn R 49cd ! ] Rpc ,
ac
R (unmetrical) 49d M hy! ] N R 50a "+# ] "H# R 50c #=-
# ] #=# R 50d 2'M, ] pr& R 51 ,'2 u ] om. R 51b
Q"' dy# ] #nn& 22#dm, R (cf. 53b) 51c ] я
R • : ] A
R 51d ] R 52a '"& ] '"& R 52b tt ] R 53c #L ]
pc ac
#hy R , #"hy R
49a 6, ] o , A3A5 , o , A7 49cd ] om. A 50a ' "+# ] # +# A

50cd ] om. A 51b Q"' ] Q"pl' A3A7 , Q"pl' A5 52a J ] #,
A 52b tt ] A3A5 , A7 52c a.
5 ] a. , A 52cd ) ] ) A
53ab #hn#, ] A3A7 , hn& #, A5 53b 22#dm,! ] 22#, A 53c #L ] A3A5 ,
#hy A7 53d v ] A3A5 ,
v A7
49(a 3–a 4) S1, (a 3–a 6)a 7–b 2(b 3–b 5) S3 52(a 8, b 3, b 6) S1
49ab 6, ' # ] conj. , 6#dy # dy S1 , kt , ' # S2 ,
– –˘ –˘ –˘ (') #
S3 (upper parts of ' lost) , kt. , ' # Bh (conj.) 49c
tt 2' ! ] conj. , tt 2 S1 , 6 2' S2 , 6 2' S3
(unmetrical) , 6 2' :d! Bh (conj.) 50a "+# ] S1pc S3Bh , pr+# S1ac , "H# S2
50b ] S1S2RABh , ! S3 (unmetrical) 50c #=# ] S1S2Bh , #=# S3
50d 2'M, ] S2pc Bh , 2'M, S1S2ac S3 51a + ] S2S3RABh , +' S1 51b Q"' ]
S1S2S3 , Q"pl' Bh • dy# ] S1S2ABh , dy# S3 51c : ] S1S2pc S3ABh , :
S2ac (unmetrical) 51d ] S1S2RABh , S3 (unmetrical) 52b ,#, ] S1S2pc S3RA
Bh , ,(#,)+#+, S2 52c a. 5 ] S2S3RBh , u 5 S1 52cd + ) ]
RBh (em.?) , ) + S1 , + ) S2S3 53 ,'2 u ] S2S3RABh , om. S1
53a ] S1S2RABh , S3 53ab #hn#, ] S2RA3A7Bh , #hn #, S1S3 53b 22#dm-
,! ] S1S2RBh , A2#dm, S3 53d ' ] S1RABh , S2S3 •
v ] RA3A5Bh , v S1 ,

v S2S3
191
203
(204)
+2"5
192 6#+6 9
kt
hykt % 0 ।
> [ я , я, ; *. #॥ 54॥
u ।
6E 6+% hn . #।
6+% ( я ; y %6॥ 55॥

я $ %।
y
nn я ; #॥ 56॥
a*. *. hn , 6> ।
я %B pr 9
;, я॥ 57॥
~ *. C > ; % я,#।
Eя.0 dh* ॥ 58॥
ady pr 9 } T >।
> (
%g %O ॥ 59॥
54a , ] ,,

R 54b A ] A,!
R 56b - ] j R 56c # nn-
' ] #_Gi' R 57a a: ] a:, R 57b #,2 ] #2 R 58a ] R
58b #A ] # R 59a ' ] 'L R 59b #, ] #, R
54ab ] om. A 54c N , ] dynn A3A5 , dyg A7 • я# ] IJ# A 54d
:&! ] :& A 55a #L ] #AL A3A5 , #Ahy A7 55c я ] я{
A7} A 55d 2#A ] 2# A 56a 9, , ] A5 , ,, A3 , ,,
A7 56c # nn' ] #>' A3 , #5' A5 (unmetrical) , #' A7
(unmetrical) 57b ,#+ #,2 ] A3 , ,#+#nn2 A5A7 57c я&# , ] я&# , A3
A7 (unmetrical) , я&# , A5 57d pr5 ] ", A3A7 , , A5 58a _ : ]

dyg: A3 (unmetrical) ,
_g: A5 (unmetrical) ,
_5 A7 (unmetrical) 58b -
#A ] A3A5 , # A7 58c + ] + A 59a ' ] A3 , '-
A5A7 59b
#, ] #, A 59cd ] om. A
54a kt+ ] S1pc S2pc S3RBh , akt+ S1ac (unmetrical) , kt S2ac • ,
] S2S3Bh ,
# S1 54c N ] S1RBh , hy S2S3 54d :&! ] S1RBh , :& S2S3 55a
pc ac
A ] S1 S2S3RABh , #A S1 55c я ] S1RBh , я,! S2 , я S3 55d
ac pc
] S1S2 RABh , S2 S3 56a 9, , ] S2S3RA5Bh , ,, S1 • -
я+& ] S2S3RABh , я+& S1 56b - ] ABh , - S1pc , - S1ac , -,! S2
S3 56c # nn' ] S1 , #Ann' S2S3Bh 56d ## ,! ] S2S3RABh , ##,! S1
(unmetrical) 57a :& ] S2S3RABh , : S1 57b ,#+ #,2 + M ] A3 , ,#+#nn2-
S1 , , #,2 + M S2S3Bh 57c я&# , AG' ] S2S3RBh , я&#' 2
#
S1 57d pr5! ] S1S2RBh , pr5 S3 • #я ] S1RABh , #я S2S3 58a _ ]
S1S2RBh , _ S3 (unmetrical) 58b #A ] S2S3A3A5Bh , # S1 58c Lя ]
S1RABh , я S3 (unmetrical) , Lя S2 • + ] RBh (em.) , + S1S2
pc ac
S3 58d g: ] S1S2 RABh , g: S2 S3 59a ady pr ] S2S3RABh , ady'pr S1 •
pc ac
, ] S1S2RABh , , S3 • ' ] S1S3A3Bh , '- S2 , - S2 59b #, ] S2S3
pc ac
Bh , #, S1 • #+M ] S1S2 S3RABh , # S2 59d Ag ] S1S2RBh , A S3
(unmetrical)
192
204
(205)
+2"5
193 6#+6 9
B9 6 *,. #।

я 9 g я #॥ 60॥
e nn$ r y LM % #।
-% % 5 db! ?O #॥ 61॥
?! ,

,R *.tt#।
pr(dy
я O ( #॥ 62॥
srg ,%B *
Thm ।

y C 5 (
O 6+॥ 63॥
u ।
eLMY
я ।
pr [ ( (. (॥ 64॥
+,sr 9 ( +।
% ,%B
h* 9 #॥ 65॥
60a 6G5! ] 65 R 60b ',! ] ', R 60c я&# ,! ] я&# R 61a
pc ac
nn- ] ,! C R , ,! R 61b bIJA! ] b'", R 61c .A ] , A C R
62a , ] vv?
, R 62c pr"dy+
] pr"dy
, R 63c ] "vv R
63d C",=# ] Cnn =# R 64a я ] я R 64b + ] –˘ –˘ Rac ,
pc
g R • ', ] # , R 65c A,! ] A,! R
60a 6G5 #, ] oG, #, A3 , 65 #, A5 , o, #, A7 60b ',! ] ', A

61ab ] e #+nn pr { A5} A 61c A C ] A3A5 , (C A7 62d
я
=# ] A3A7 , я =# A5 63a srV ] A3A5 , rV A7 63cd ] om. A 64a я ]
A3pc , я A3ac A5A7 65b # ] # A 65c A,! ] A,! A • AG ]
A3 , G A5 (unmetrical) , AG A7
60(d 1–d 3) S2 63(d 6) S2
60a 6G5 #, ] S2ac S3 , 6#A #nn S1 , 65 #, S2pc Bh 60b :+ ',! ] conj. ,
bb :tt S1 , :+ ', S2S3 , :+ ', Bh (conj.) 61a Before this S1
adds , u। , while Bh adds ,'2 u। • nn- ] S2Bh , nnktv S1 , nn S3 61b
bIJA! ] conj. Bh , IJA S1 , bIJA S2S3 61c .A ] S1S2RABh , .A .A S3
(unmetrical) 61d ! ] S2S3RABh , S1 62a , ] S2S3ABh , , S1 62b
tt! ] S1S3RABh , tt,! S2 62d я =# ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , L =# S1 63a ] S2S3
RABh , S1 • srV ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , V S3 63c ? ] S2S3RBh , vv
S1 63d ]
S1 , ( ) S2 , S3 , A Bh (conj.?) 64a я ] A3pc Bh , я S1S2 , я
S3 64b + ] S1pc S2S3RABh , + S1
ac
64c ## ] S1S2RABh , ## S3 65a
] S2S3RABh , S1 (unmetrical) 65c AG ] S2pc RA3Bh , AG S1 , AG S2ac S3
65d #,! ] S1RABh , #,! S2S3 65d g: ] S2RABh , : S1 (unmetrical) , g:
S3 (unmetrical)
193
205
(206)
+2"5
194 6#+6 9

u ।
-%
%
g (।
ig *
T
B *B(॥ 66॥
u ।
6< h* 9v#।
pr9h ( - pr j. ॥ 67॥
%B %B } ; pr9h ( (।
u ( $J LM
; я (
॥ 68॥
*. tt
;v C > $ #।
c p ; ॥ 69॥
, . ; W y #।
!gLM
6 5 ॥ 70॥
66 ] R 66d + :G,#" ] + ,#" R 67 ,'2 u ] om.
R 67a H ] prN R 68d я'" ] #я " R 69b v? M-! ]
vD2 R 69cd c#),, ##, ] c#+ a#),,, #, R 70cd ] R
∗ ∗pc ∗ac
repeats this after 83d. 70c (V# ] R , (V , R •
] RR ,
R 70d
∗
'C ] R , +', R
66 ]

A 66c iV,! ] iV A • ' ] ' A3A5 , 'c A7 66d
:G,#" ] ,2G A 69a ] A3A5 , A7 69b v? ] A3A7 , v A5
69c '& ,c ] '& , A3 , '&, A5 , '&,6 A7 69d
#),, # ] #IJ# '#dv A • #, ] я#, A3 , , A5 , 5 A7
70a 2, ] A7 , 2,, A3 , 2,, A5 (unmetrical) 70cd ] A repeats this instead
of 83cd. 70c (V ] A3A3∗ , V A5A5∗A7∗ , =5 A7 ∗
• #IJ# ] A5A7A7 , # A3
∗ ∗ ∗
(unmetrical) , #IJ# A3 A5 •
] A ,
A 70d #,& ] A3A3 A5A5∗ , #,-
∗
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
& A7A7 • 'C ] 'C A , ' A3 , ' A5 , A7
66b 6 S1 70(b 8) S1
pc
66 ] S1 ,
S2S3Bh 66b 9#+ ] S1RABh , #+ S2S3 • "62 ] S2 RABh ,
+ –˘ +ttR2 S1 , "62 S2ac S3 66c ' ] S2RBh , ' S1 , ' S3 66d ,! ] S1
S2Bh , S3 • :G,#" ] S2S3Bh , :G#" S1 67a ] S1S2RABh , S3 (unmetrical)
• ] S1S2ABh , S3 67b g: ] S1S2pc S3RABh , g: S2ac 67d prj# ] S1S2RA
Bh , prj# S3 68a #,&, ] S2S3RABh , #,& , S1 68b ", ", ] S1S2RABh ,
",", S3 (unmetrical) 69a ,tt ] S1S2RABh , ,tt S3 (unmetrical) 69b v? ]
S2S3A3A7Bh , vD S1 69cd c#), ] S1S2pc Bh , c#), S2ac S3 69d , ]
pc pc ac ac
S2S3Bh , , S1 • ##, ] S1 S2 Bh , #, S1 , ##,, S2 S3 70a 2,-
∗pc
] S2S3RA7Bh , 2,c S1 70c
] S1RR ABh , S2S3 70d #,& ]
∗ ∗
S2S3RA3A3 A5A5 Bh , #,hy S1 • C ] S2S3RBh , C! S1
194
206
(207)
+2"5
195 6#+6 9
u ।
ekt t ।
( vC 6E ?! я, ॥ 71॥
{ . V $ DW. g%B+9#।
0, *.#।
*d 0 g. yg5 0 9#॥ 72॥
?! LM W y #।
, . *dv \ ॥ 73॥
9- 9 ।
я dd, #॥ 74॥
d *. 6 ~ +,9#।
, . *dv
( v,( #॥ 75॥
71a t ] v R 72f #C+6 ] #,#+6 R 73a Q( ] Q( R
71a + t ] A7 , + t A3 , + t A5 71b ] A3A5 , A7

71c–72b ] om. A 72c +2 ] a - A3A5 , - A7 72ef ] om. A 73c ,
:dv ] A3 , , A5 (unmetrical) , ,, :d A7 75b _ ] A7 , a_ A3A5 • ]
A 75d ", ! ] " ! A
75(a 8)b 1(b 2–b 5)b 6(b 7)b 8–c 2(c 3)c 4–c 5 S3
71a ,! ] S1S2ac S3RA7Bh , ,! S2pc 71b ,! ] S1S2RABh , S3 pc

• ] S2 RA3
ac
A5Bh , S1S2 S3 71c "v? ] R , "v S1 , g"v M S2 , -
pc ac
"v M S3 , "v? M Bh 71d Q(
2 ] S1 S2S3RBh , Q(Q(
2 S1 (unmetrical)
72b AG5! ] S2S3RBh , AG# ! S1 72cd +2 2#, ,+ ] S2RBh , +2k-
#,d,+ S1 (unmetrical) , +22#, ,+ ! S3 72f bg ] S2S3R , b+g+ S1pc ,
bg Bh 73a Q( ] S1A , Q( S2Bh , Q( S3 73c , :dv ] S1S2RA3Bh , , :d S3
73d #+S # ] S1pc S2S3RABh , #+S # S1ac pc
• , ] S1 S2S3RABh , , S1
ac
pc
74a Before this S1 adds , u। , while Bh adds ,'2 u। 74b ,2 ] S1S2S3 R
ABh , ,2 S3ac 74c ! ] S2S3RABh , S1 75a d ] S1S2RABh , d S3 •
:2' ] RA , 2' S1 , :'2' S2Bh , : 2(') S3 75b ] S1R ,
S2 , ( ) S3 75c :dv ] S2S3RABh , d S1ac , :d S1pc 75d "v", ! ] RBh
(conj., in a note Bh suggests M, ! ) , "v
+ '-5 ! S1 , "v#, ! S2S3
195
207
(208)
+2"5
196 6#+6 9
5 u ।
6ktdyd%{ ( ।
eLM j ॥ 76॥
u ।
9( |d ,> .#।
u | 0kt $ >,#॥ 77॥
, я c! 0,%B+9।
a j ( hn
6+
pr ॥ 78॥
pr9 *
T
B 6+% hEя।

^ ; ,5 ?॥ 79॥
ekt . r dv।
u hg i >,#॥ 80॥
E ; ।
ktv
}
,#॥ 81॥
76a 2&ktdyd ] 2&2! d R 76b #'2& ] #'2& R 77c kt ] Rpc ,
kt Rac 78c aj"# ] prhr"# R • ' ] ' R 78d ]
, R 80cd
hV i ] hV#+' R 81b , ] , R 81c #,ktv
] #,kt # R
76a 2&ktdyd ] 2&)d A 76b #'2& ] #'2& & A 76c #j ] A3A5 , #-
j A7 76d ' ] A3A7 , om. A5 (unmetrical) • ] A3A5 , A7 77b 2M,-
! ] 2M,, A3A7 , 2M,, A5 (unmetrical) 78a Before this A adds 5" u। 78c
' ] ' A 78d ] , A • pr ] A3A5 , pr A7 79cd ] om. A 80a
Before this A adds ,'2 u। 80cd hV i ] hV#+'{# A7} A 80d M ! ]
:& ! A 81a Before this A adds a, u। • #, L ] #, L A3A5 , #,H A7
81b , ] , A 81cd ] om. A
77(c 4)c 5–d 8→ S3 78←a 1–b 1 S3 81(a 3)a 4–d 4(d 5) S3
76a 2&ktdyd ] S1S2Bh , 2&kt d S3 76ab A#'2& ] conj. , A #2& S1pc (#2-
ac
& i.m. sec. hand) , A #-" S1 , A#dv ! " S2S3Bh 76c #j ] S1S2RA3A5Bh ,
#j S3 76d ] S1pc S2S3RA3A7Bh , S1 • ] RA3A5Bh , S1 ,
g S2S3 77a od ] S2pc RABh , od S1ac , od S1pc , od! S2ac , od S3 77cd
pc ac
kt-+ ] S2RABh , kt- S1 , kt- S1 78a Before this Bh adds 5"
pc ac
u। 78b c( ] S1RABh , c(# S2 , c( S2 , · · · ( S3 78c
' ] S1S2S3 , ' Bh 78d ] S1S2S3 , , Bh • pr ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , pr
S1 79a :#
G ] S2pc RABh , db(G# S1 , ,g:#
G S2 , , :#
G S3 79b hLя, ] S2S3RABh ,
hLя, S1 79c + ] S2S3RBh , + S1 79d '2Q ] S2pc RBh , '2Q S1S2ac S3
80a Before this Bh adds ,'2 u। 80b dv ] S1S2pc RABh , dv S2ac S3 80cd
hV i ] S1 , hV#+'! S2S3 , hV#+' Bh 81a Before this Bh adds a, u। •
#, L ] S1S2RBh , #, (L) S3 81b , ] S1S2 , , Bh 81c #,ktv ] S2Bh ,
#,kt S1 81d 2## ! ] S1RBh , 2# ! S2S3
196
208
(209)
+2"5
197 6#+6 9
LM dv db!B % . #।

} ( O > ॥ 82॥
9
v u ।
* . * pr j *.j *O6 ।
ekt LM > pr% +
॥ 83॥
6 j *. 6pr% (।
Bc (
; r
^ %
>, 0॥ 84॥
*. . , ( ।
B ,>,dy>C pr *. ॥ 85॥
dv , *dv dy ;।
\ ( ;
,O dy%6 #॥ 86॥
u ।
ekt я | 0pt . $9।
9( pr ! ^ ^
* T#॥ 87॥
82a dv,! ] dv, R 82c # ] -# R 83 R has 87ab after the speaker indication.
83ab ] :# " &, prj:"#+2 R 83c kt ] ktv R 83d ' pr ] pr R
• After this R repeats 70cd (see ad.loc.). 85a : , ] : , R 85d : ]
, R 86c " ] "" R 86d # dy ] & R 87ab ] R has this
before 83a and repeats it here. 87a ekt+ я+& ] R , ekt+ я+& R∗ac (unmetrical) ,
∗pc
ekt я+& R 87c 5" ] 5 R
82a dv,db(G# ] A7 , ,dv,db(G# A3 , dv, # A5 (unmetrical) 82c # ] -# A

82d + M ] A M A 83ab ] #,'"# #pr j,Lя :#=2 A3A5 , :#'"-
# #pr j,#pr #=2 A7 83cd ] Instead of this A repeats 70cd (see ad.loc.). 84a
j : ] g A3 , g A5 , j :A A7 84cd ] om. A 85a
: ] A3A7 , : A5 85b 26 ] A5 , 2tt A3A7 85cd ] om. A 86a dv ]
dv A 86b :dv ' ] :dv ' A3A5 , d ' A7 (unmetrical) 86c #+S ] A3
A5 , #=S A7 86d , =# dyA 9# 2! ] , { A7}=&A # 2 A3A7 , ,=#
# 2 A5 (unmetrical) 87a ekt ] A3A5 , ekt A7 (unmetrical) 87c 5" ]
5 A3A5 , +, A7 (unmetrical)
84(c 6) S2, (c 6–c 8)d 1–d 8→ S3 85(a 1–a 2) S1, ←a 1–a 3(a 4–a 6, c 8) S3 86b 5(b 6–b 8, c 2–d 3) S1
87(c 4–c 5)c 6–c 7(c 8–d 3)d 4–d 5 S1, (a 8–c 2)c 3(c 4)c 5 S2
82a dv,! ] A7Bh (em.?) , dv, S1 , dv++,! S2 , , S3 (unmetrical) 82b
#6 ,! ] RABh , , S1 , ,! S2S3 82d 9 ] S1S2RABh , S3 83b
pc pc ac ac
:#=2 ] S1 S2 Bh , :#2 S1 (unmetrical) , :#=2 S2 S3 83c kt ] S2S3Bh ,
ktv S1 84c ] S2RBh , S1 , () S3 (tops lost) • r
U ] S1S2RBh , (rV) S3 (upper
parts lost) 85a : , ] S1A3A7Bh , : , , S2 , –˘ ( ), , S3 85b 26 ]
S2RA5Bh , 2tt S1S3 (bottoms lost in S1) 85c G ] S1S2pc RBh , G S2ac S3 86a dv

] S2S3RBh , dv S1 86c #+S ] RA3A5Bh , #(+S ! ) S1 (lower parts
lost) , #+S S2 , #+S S3 86d , =# dyA ] S2S3Bh , ( ,=
) –˘
∗
S1 87a e ] S1pc S2S3RA3A5Bh , e S1ac (unmetrical) 87b pc
-5 ] S2 RR A
ac
Bh , -5 S1 , ( -5) S2 (tops lost) ,
-5 S3
197
209
(210)
+2"5
198 6#+6 9
(
(я,
9 *.।
W *. prяE . #॥ 88॥
E. R | 0BM,#।
a 9 я~ ॥ 89॥
aR 9
я ( BM,।
>- BC p 0B
v॥ 90॥
?!( **0 ।
\ hn 9( | 0BM,॥ 91॥
*d ( ,9 ( } ; ।
(hdv , 0 0( 9 ।
! ,9( |d > sr॥ 92॥
[ - я, 9( #।
u( ( ॥ 93॥
pr
} 9,% я#।
u 6+% * T
B | ॥ 94॥
88d prяL ] prя : R 89a L ] prg: R 89b G#J ! ] G#Lя ! R

89c a+6 5 ] a( 5 R 90b я ,#" ] я #" Rac , я#" Rpc • G#J-
] G#Lя R 90c G ? #), ] Gtt#dvn Rpc , Gtt? #gdy Rac (unmetrical) 91a
", ] " , R 91b + ] + M R 91d G#J ] Rpc , G(#Lя) Rac 92c
ac
"6 ] "6 R 93a ,N. ] ,! "H+,! + R 94b A я,! ] я, R , я
Rpc
88b "я+6 5 9:& ] "# +' , :& A3A5 , #nn&- 5& A7 89a L ]
prL A3A5 , prL,! A7 (unmetrical) • | ] A5A7 , | A3 90a a|-
! ] +6 ! A3 , a ! A5A7 90b я ] я A • G#J ] A3A5 , G#cc
A7 90c–91b ] om. A 91d G#J ] A3A5 , G#cc A7 92ab ] om. A 92c dv ]
dR A3A5 , A A7 92d "5 ] A5A7 , "5 A3 92e od ] A3A7 , od A5
93a ,N. ] a, 2 A 93c–94b ] om. A
88(b 7–b 8, d 8) S1 89(a 3–a 5, a 7)a 8–d 4(d 5) S1 92c 3-c 4(c 5–d 4) S1
88a , ] S1S2RABh , 5 S3 88b "я ] S2S3RBh , я S1 • :& ] S2S3R
A3A5 , (pr5&) S1 , +6# ! Bh (conj.) 88d pr ] S1RABh , pr S2 , gpr S3 89a
pc
| ] S2S3 RA5A7Bh , ( )(|)· · · S1 , M| S3 89b ] S2RABh ,
S3 90a 9+6 5 ] S1S2RABh , + 5 S3 90b я ,#" ] S2S3 , я #" S1 , -
,#" Bh (conj.?) • G#J ] S1S2A3A5Bh , G#IJ S3 90c G ? ] S2Bh , Gtt S1S3
90d , v ] S2S3RBh , L, v S1 91a Q( ] S1S2ac S3RBh , Q( S2pc 91c #hn ]
S2S3RABh , ,#),! S1 91d G#J ] S1S2Rpc A3A5Bh , G#IJ S3 92a :d ] S2S3R
Bh , :d S1 92d "5 ] S2S3RA5A7Bh , "5 S1 92e ( ] S1RABh , ( S2S3
pc ac
• od ] S1S2 RA3A7Bh , od S2 S3 93b 5"+ ] S2S3RABh , 5+ S1 93c u"#,-
pc ac

] S2S3RBh , u"#C S1 • ] S2 RBh , S1 , S2 S3 93d " ]
pc
S1RBh , " S2S3 94a ,& ] S2RBh , , S1 , ,& S3 • ] S2 RBh ,
ac pc ac
S1S2 S3 94b pr
] S1S2 RBh , gpr- S2 , pr - S3
198
210
(211)
+2"5
199 6#+6 9
6(9 .} $ #।

pr9h ( 6 j.॥ 95॥
%
,. v।
6g
tt % h (
॥ 96॥
6(9c ( hy*.c *.।
6E r
^ e+ ॥ 97॥
( hy , hc; ,।
0 ig L #॥ 98॥
edv ; 6+% %% +#।
r g pr ; 5 6яtt ॥ 99॥
?! я я6 я,#।
9
v( 6 dv( ; pr%।
9 mn s d,#॥ 100॥
97a c#" ] c#+ R 97b : ] : R 98d iV ] c V R 99a

]
v R 99d After this R adds 4 pādas reading #2&# ,
. vv
"v
#+M# !।
5,#"'c llA' M',। 100ab Q( я 2я ] Q( c -Lя
R 100c "# ] "# ++ R 100e #' ] #' R
95a 2"5 ] 5" A 95b - ] ;2 A 96a A

] A{ A7}
-
#n A 96b v ] A3 , v
A5 , v A7 96cd ] om. A 97b hy:c ]
hy,c A3A7 , hy,+ A5 97cd ] om. A 98a "6 hy+ ] "6+ + A 98cd ] om.
A 99a ] = A3 , v A5A7 99b A+#A ] A3A7 , A+# A5
99d Cяtt ] #яtt A 100a Q( ] Q(! A 100cd ] om. A 100e , 5 ]
, A
98a 4–a 5(a 6–b 4) S3 100(d 8–e 1) S1
95b - ] S2S3RBh , - S1 95d 2 j# ] S1S2S3pc RABh , 2 j# S3ac 96b

pc ac
v ] S1S2 RA3Bh , v! S2 S3 96d 'g '" ] R , 'g я'" S1 ,
'g+'" S2 , 'g '" S3 , 'g +" Bh (conj.?) 97a &, 9 ]
S1RA , v S2pc S3 , v S2ac , V Bh (conj.?) • c#" ] S2S3ABh , c S1 97b
: ] S1ABh , ', S2S3 97c r U ] S1S2RBh , r V S3 97d e ] S1S2RBh , e
S3 99a ] S2S3Bh , S1 99b A+#A ] S2S3RA3A7 , A+#" S1 , -
A+# Bh (typo) 99c V ] S2pc RABh , V S1S2ac S3 • pr+, ] S2S3RABh , pr+
,,!
S1 99d , ] S1S2RABh , , S3 • Cяtt ] S2S3RBh , Cя M S1 100a Q( ]
S2S3Bh , Q(! S1 100b я ] S1S2ABh , яg S3 100d + ] S2S3RBh , + S1
100e , 5 ] S3RBh , () {( ) S1ac }5 S1pc , , 5 S2 • #' ] S1S3ABh ,
#'
S2 100f #d ! ] S2S3RABh , #d S1
199
211
(212)
+2"5
200 6#+6 9
5 5 % ;?( %#।

я h*B ; %
;
T ,
;॥ 101॥
.

, *
Thm( ।

h kyB ,> >,#॥ 102॥
%
n 6+
tt।
hy (BC
(B db.।

;. kyy. ( ,> 6 pr% ॥ 103॥

,
; %B(।
%
T dg
॥ 104॥
a0 ./0c a %B > ; ।
> ?

u( 0 #॥ 105॥
c
9 ; %B(।
% %%B , pr% ॥ 106॥
pc ac
101a #C ] #dv" R • C ] pr" R 101c яg:G, ] R , яg:G, R 101d -
# ] # R 104c A# ] (A)+6+#6,! R 104d dg, -
] dg5 c R 105b AG+ M ] AG # R 105c 2Q ] : R 105d
#& ! ] "#& R 106d ] vv R
101a #C 2 ] #C2" A 101b A,Q" ] A," G A 102a ] C A
102b :
hm" ] 5"Q" #A A 103ab ] om. A 103c hy# ] ,# A3
A5 , a'# A7 103e " ] A3A7 , ? A5 103f ++M ] gA A3A5 , gA
A7 • prA ] A3A5 , prA A7 104 ] om. A 105b a+,! ] 2'sn,! A3A5 , 2r,!
A7 • ] A 106a
]
A3A7 ,
A5 (unmetrical) 106d ' 6 ] #-
A3 , om. A5A7 (unmetrical) • ] A
102(b 2–b 5) S1 103(c 4) S1 104(d 7–d 8) S1

101a #C 2 ] S2S3Bh , #Ck S1 101b Q" ] S1RBh , Q( S2S3 101c яg:G,-
pc pc ac
] S3R ABh , яg:G, S1 , яg:G, S2 • A ] S1 S2S3RABh , A S1 102a
pc ac

] S1S2 RBh , S2 S3 102b " ] S1RBh , ( ")+++ S2 (bottoms lost) ,
" S3 (unmetrical) 102c ] S1S2RABh ,
S3 102d MM ! ] S2S3RABh ,
M'M ! S1 103a A,! ] S1S2pc S3RBh , A,! S2ac • #n ] S1RBh , #), S2S3
pc ac
103b 9 ] S1S2RBh , S3 (unmetrical) •
] S1 S2S3RBh , S1 103c hy-
pc ac
# ] S2S3RBh , hy(dv)# S1 , hy(dd!)# S1 103d "G! ] S2S3RABh , "G S1
pc ac
103e #b ] S1S2 RABh , #b S2 S3 (unmetrical) • " ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , " S1
103f ++M ] S1S2pc RBh , ++M S2ac S3 (tops lost in S3) • prA ] S2RA3A5Bh ,
prA S1 , CprA S3 104a # ] S1S2RBh , # S3 (unmetrical) 104b #, ] S1S2
RBh , #, S3 • AG " ] S2S3RBh , AG " S1 104c # , ] conj. , #dvnn
S1S3 , #dvnn S2 , #6nn Bh (conj.) 104cd dg, ] S1Bh , , S2S3
104d ] S1S2Bh , S3 (unmetrical) 105b a+,! ] RBh (em.?) , a+! S1S2
S3 • ] S1S2S3 , Bh 105d u" ] S1S2RABh , u" S3 • #& ! ] S1A ,
#& ! S2Bh (tops lost in S2) , #& S3 106b AG " ] S2pc S3RABh , AG " S1pc S2ac ,
ac
AG S1 106d 6 ] S1S3RBh , A S2 • ] S1S2Bh , S3
200
212
(213)
+2"5
201 6#+6 9

u ।
> % % > > c ।
. % ,
; > 0 ॥ 107॥
% 5
dy।
a6яdv >C 9 ?DW.#॥ 108॥
a 9 ,dd *.#।
(~* k 6#॥ 109॥
gY yg00,#।
pt g
EE.#॥ 110॥
*%
T$ - >,+0 , #।
0
dv#॥ 111॥
T$ 9 WB , > ।
utt 9 % ?B{#॥ 112॥
107 ]

R 107a A , ] nn R 107b ++Mc ] +Mc R 107d M # ] -
M R 108c aя! ] a"Gя! R 110a VR ] VR R 110c &ptg2,
6 ] &ptgc
+,
6c+ R 111a #:A -. ] #:A'- R 112c utt& 5 ] utt5
, R (unmetrical)
112d A+ ] A R
107 ] A 107cd ] M 2#= A IJ ' Mb A 108ab ] om. A 108c
,M? ] ,, A 109a a 25dd# + ] A3 , a25# + A5 , a 2idd# +c
A7 109d f ] я A3A5 , A7 • ,, ] A3A5 , , A7 110a VR ]
A3 , VR A5A7 • +2 ] - A3 , - A5A7 110b bg ] A3A7 , bg A5
110d #6, 6 2 LL! ] "+ + #" A 111ab -. 9'M#& ] -'M 2{M
A5} A 111c 2, ] 2, A3 , ,2, A5 , 2
, A7 112cd ] om. A7 112c
utt&
5 # ] utt
, : A3A5 112d A+ ] A3 , A+ A5 (unmetrical)
107(c 1–d 5) S1 112(c 6)c 7–d 1(d 2–d 3) S3
107 ] S1 ,

S2S3Bh 107d M # ] S2S3 , ( M) S1 (tops lost) , M Bh (conj.?)
• ] S1RBh , S2S3 108 Before this Bh adds ,'2 u। 108a ] S1S2R
Bh , S3 (unmetrical) 108b dy# ] S1S2RBh , dy# S3 108c ,M? ] R , ,c
S1 , ,c S2S3 , ,cc Bh (conj.) 109a a 25dd# + ] RA3Bh , a25# -
+c S1 , a 2idd# { S2ac }+c S2 , a2i# +c S3 109b 2 ] S2RABh ,
2 S1 , 2 S3 109d ,, ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , , S1 (unmetrical) 110a VR ]
S1S2A3Bh , V S3 110b bg ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , bdg S1 110c &ptg2 ] S2S3A
Bh , &ptg2 S1 110d #6, 6 ] RBh (em.) , ,
6 S1 , #65
6 S2S3 111a #:A -. ]
conj. , #:A - S1 , #:A - S2 , #:A - S3 , #:Att - Bh (conj.?) 111b
pc ac
#& ] S2 RBh , #&! S1S2 S3 • ! ] S2S3RABh , # S1 111a ]
S1S3RBh , S2 111d dv,! ] S1S2S3RA , #:A ! Bh (conj.) 112b 'G M ]
S2RA , 'GA#, S1 , G M S3 , 'GA# Bh (typo?) 112c utt& 5 ]
S2pc S3Bh , utt& ac
, S1S2 112d A+ ] S2A3Bh , A+ S1 , –˘ (+ ) S3
201
213
(214)
+2"5
202 6#+6 9
pr%
5 kt V % #।
a*T,
$ pr% #॥ 113॥
pr% j pt 9 ।
(;v , kt 6+
॥ 114॥
>C 5 !dv( ।
E sn % (tn > ; я ।
%O j pt 9(,॥ 115॥
u ।

, pr9h * Thm9 ।
яp $ ( 6+ *%-॥ 116॥
y 0C 6+ 0 , я~ j uL ।
$+ !B -, *
Thm B0 , r॥ 117॥
яhv ?9 c #।
( O9%, c; (B+ |c > ॥ 118॥
114a jpt! ] "-D R 114b 52 ] 52 R 115ab #C # ] dv&" i

pc ac
R 115c A#6& ] #6& R 115e jpt ] jpt R 116a ] R , ,! R •
] vv R 116b :hm5 ] #,#A R 116c +#, -#, ] +M#, -"#, R 116d -
,! ] A,! R 118b +! ] b! R 118c " ] ". R 118d #+M ] 2&#tt
R
113a prA2
# ] A3 , prA2
# A5 , prA2 # A7 • Ckt ] A7 , +Ckt A3A5 113d
- ] - A 114a–117b ] om. A 117d G, ] A3A5 , Gd, A7 118cd ]
om. A
115b 2–d 7(d 8) S3 118b 5–b 6(b 7–b 8) S1, (a 4)a 5–d 8→ S3
pc
113a prA2 # ] S2S3RA3Bh , pr2 # S1 • Ckt ] S1 S2S3RA7Bh , (#)+C+kt S1
113d - ] S2S3RBh , - S1 114ab jpt+' ] S1 , j +',! S2 , j +',!
S3 , jpt+' Bh (em.) 114b 52 ] S2S3Bh , 52 S1 114c "v ] S2S3RBh ,
" v S1 114d #, ] S1S2pc RBh , #, ! S2ac S3 115a #,M? ] S1S2RBh ,
#,Mc S3 115ab #( ] S2S3Bh , ++#( S1 115b dv&" # ] RBh (em.?) ,
pc ac
dv&" #, S1 , dv&" # S2 (unmetrical) , dv&" # S2 (unmetrical) 115c L -
'sn ] S2RBh , я'sn S1 115d ] S2RBh , S1 , · · ·() S3 115e jpt ]
S2 , jpt! S1 , jpt S3Bh (em.) 115f "# ] S2S3RBh , "# S1 116a -
pc
] S1S2R Bh , S3 • ] S2Bh , vv S1 , S3 116d :A. ] S2S3Bh ,
cJ, S1 117a 9? ] S1RBh , ! S2S3 117b я_, ] S1S2RBh , я_, S3 117c
-& ( ] S1RABh , -&c( S2 , -& ( S3 • G. ] S2S3RABh , G S1
117d G, ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , Gd!,, S1 • #r ] S2S3RABh , #r S1 118a
Q5 ] S1RABh , Q5 S2 118c " ] conj. , "! S1 , ",! S2Bh • Ac ] S2RBh ,
Ac S1 118d #+M ] em. Bh , #+M S1 , #+M . S2
202
214
(215)
+2"5
203 6#+6 9
я¤ + > c; r ।

?! 9-, T ^- ॥ 119॥
a 0 y |k 6g ।
a( (LM M ,॥ 120॥
a> (, , (+ r%BLM
%।
B %dd5 6 5 ( #॥ 121॥
9 + , $ 9 ,।
T %5 0 %, ॥ 122॥
ig
j c \. ।
a% ?0 9, ॥ 123॥
pt. y hy tt pr
я।
c
; Eя a-+ e ॥ 124॥
119ab ] я_ + M#'. uQc #r R 119c , ] , R 120c + #6 ]
+#( R 122a #5 ] #, R 122c +A,! ] +A! R 123b + 6 ]
+ R 123c aA+ + ] prA+ + R 124a pt 2 ] hy 2 R 124c ] -
+ R 124d Lя a. ] Lя –˘ + + R
119a я® ] я_ A • + M#' ] + M #C A 119b c ] uQc A • #r-

] A3A7 , #r A5 120a b+ + ] -pr+ A3A7 , -pr'+ A5 (unmetrical) 120b 4–
130b 5 ] A5 inserts this between 31.104b 7and b 8; variants in that insertion are not reported. 120c
#6 ] #6 A 121c +A ] A A3 (unmetrical) , A A5 (unmetrical) , A
A7 (unmetrical) 122a–124b ] om. A 124c ] + A
119←a 1–a 7 S3 120(c 1–c 3) S1 121(a 8)b 1–d 4 S1, (d 7) S2, (d 3–d 4)d 5–d 8→ S3 122c 1–
d 8→ S1 (one folio lost after this) , ←a 1–c 7 S3 124(c 8)d 1–d 4(d 5–d 6) S2
pc
119a я® ] em. Bh (silently) , я_ S1 , я_ S2 • + M#' ] S1 S2Bh , + M #-
ac
C S1 119b c ] em. , c S1Bh , S2 , S2pc S3
ac
• #r ]
S2 A3A7Bh , S1 , #r S2ac S3
pc
119c Q( ] RABh , ( S1 , Q( S2S3 • 25. ]
S2RABh , 2i S1 , 2i. S3 119d & U. ] S2RABh , & U S1 , & V. S3 • ,
]
ac pc
S2S3RABh , , S1 120a b ] S2S3RBh , - S1 120b of ] S2 S3 RA , o
pc
f S1 , of S2 (or f.) , fof S3 (or f ) , of. Bh (Bh possibly read
pc pc ac ac
thus in S2) • g ] S1 S2S3 RABh , g S1 S3 120c + #6 ] em. Bh , +
#6 S1 , +#g6 S2 , + #6 S3 (unmetrical) 120d "IJ J# ] RA , "cJnndy S1
(unmetrical) , "cJ,#, S2 , "IJ,# S3 , "IJ ,#, Bh 121a " ] S1S2RABh ,
" S3 121b "& ] RABh , "& S2 , "& S3 121c +A! ] RBh (em.?) , -
ac pc
+ A,! S2 S3 , +A,! S2 121cd C ] S3(tops lost)RABh , C ! S2 122c
pc ac
+ +A ] S2 RBh , + + A S2 123d 5 ] RBh (em.?) , i S2S3 124a
2 ] em. Bh (silently) , 2 S2S3 • b ] S2RBh , b S3 124b я ] S2R
Bh , я S3 124c ] conj. , + S2Bh , + S3 124d Lя a. e ] ABh ,
–˘ –˘ –˘ –˘ ˘ () S2 (fifth aks.ara has subscript !) , LяN S3
203
215
(216)
+2"5
204 6#+6 9
a%B c ( 6sn c ?0।

)) > 6$ ) c >
; % ॥ 125॥
%nn y | ।
a (kv - -
v- 6-।

~ % W . %B+ ॥ 126॥
( $ $ 0 ,[> ।
0 > (,c
; %яj
॥ 127॥
+ c ; %B 0 ।
B( 9 6+ ॥ 128॥
e % (;v , ।
-%
,
%#॥ 129॥
i -%
я , t।
h y. ; 69 dv ( ॥ 130॥
,( (
; prL
।
6c . . ?!. pn #॥ 131॥
125a a6 ] 6 R 125b 'snc ] 'sn,c R 125cd ;; 9M -;c M-

] ; ++¨ + -c ;c M R 126a , ] ,b R • nny ] nndy
R 126b ] e R 126c "kv. ] +"+-. R 126d #v,. + . ]

. #v,. . R 126e A+'s ] A- R 127c 9M ]
M R 128c
2G"#5 ] 2G"#, R 129d 9A ! ] A
! R 130a i ] i R
125a a6 ] 6 A3A5 , 6 A7 125b 'snc ] 'sn, A 125c ;; 9M - ]
;M - A3 , , ;M - A5 (unmetrical) , M - A7 125d M ] M

A 126a , ] A3A5 , , A7 • nny ] 'dy A 126b o ]
A3 , " A5 , c#A A7 126d #v,. + . ] #v{ #+ A5},& .
A 126e–127d ] om. A 128cd ++ ] +M A+ A 129a ] A3 ,

A5A7 130a i ] i A 130cd ] om. A
125(b 4) S2 126(e 2–e 4, f 2–f 5)f 6–f 7(f 8) S2 127a 1–a 6 S2 130(a 7–a 8)b 1 S2
ac pc
125a a6 ] conj. , 6 S2S3Bh • " ] RABh , " S2 , " S2 S3 125b 'sn-
pc ac
c ] conj. Bh , 'sn()c S2 , 'sn,c S2 S3 125c ;; ] em. Bh (silently) , ; S2S3
125d A ] RABh , A S2S3 126a Ann ] S2Bh , A , S3 126c kv. ]
S3ABh , kv. S2 126d + . ] S3Bh (em.?) , + S2 126f # ] S2RBh ,
# S3 • #AG# ] R , ( #) – ˘ ( ) S2 , #AG# S3 , – – – – Bh 127a
#" - ] S3R , – – – – – – Bh 127d " ] S2S3R , " Bh (conj.?) 128d -
+ ] S2S3R , A+ Bh 129a e ] S2RABh , e S3 (unmetrical) •
]
S2pc RA3Bh , ac
S2 , S3 129b ] S2pc RABh , ! S2ac S3 129c
pc ac
] S2 RABh , S2 , S3 129d 9A ! ] ABh , ! S2S3 130a i ]
S2S3 , i Bh 130c 'g ] S2S3R , 'g Bh (typo) 131b "" ] S2RABh , ""
S3 131d pn ! ] S2RABh , , ! S3
204
216
(217)
+2"5
205 6#+6 9

5 r 5 ( >।
g > ( (,9 ॥ 132॥
i ( O 0 ,
।

r 5 hy #॥ 133॥
. pr%
,>,d
*.
।
h* h% 0 я,

॥ 134॥
i ( 9
॥ 33॥
132b rC #" ] rCc#" R 132c V ] pt R 132d ""2#5

] "2#5
R 134a ] ++ R • ] R 134c 'g: ] я'g: R Col. i#
r&+2"5

b> '"#tt'g , 6#+6tt R
132 ] om. A 134 ] om. A Col. i# r&+2"5 e2&# sr # #:2b>

'"#tt'g , 6#+6tt ॥ 33॥ A± (A7 omits number)
132a C ] S2RBh , C S3 132b 2M, ] S2pc RBh , 2Mc, S2ac S3 132d 2#-
] S2S3 , 25
5 Bh (conj.) 133b #2 ] S2RABh , #2 S3 134a ] S2S3 ,

Bh (conj.) 134d ] RBh (em.?) , # S2S3 (i# part of col.) Col.
+2"5 6#6!# ॥ S2 , ॥ +2"5 30 (in letter numerals)॥ –˘ 3 (in
letter numerals)॥ S3 , i# +2"5 '"#tt'g , 6#+6 Bh
205
217
(218)
+2"5
206 #+6 9
।
u ।
e % 5 ~6E (।
6+ %dy> > ॥ 1॥
5 u ।
> % 6O9 - ।
9 ( eLM
#॥ 2॥
u ।
a - pr> u g -।

pr> ; 0C (0
; ॥ 3॥
a> > |W > ।
6O9
kt % ( ॥ 4॥
(
(OE dy।
u 65 T 0 ॥ 5॥
pc ac
2d e # ] hy # R 3b 2g ] 2g R 3c
]
R ,
#
R 3d
+ ] R 5b "#=L ] "#+ R 5c 2 ] 2 R 5d -
',! ] ',! R
1b _'L " ] я&G' ! {я&' A3 , # A5(unmetrical)} L "{ A7} A±

1c A! ] A,! A 2a 2M ] 2 A3A5 , 2 A7 2b ] A3 ,
A5A7 2c #" ] #" A 2d e # ] hy # A 3b ,,. ] A3 , ,,. A5A7 3c
prM ] A3A7 , prMM A5 3d + ] { A5} A 4c 2=5
'kt ] 2=5 i'kt A
(unmetrical) 5a ] A3A5 , A7 5b dy# ] # A 5c C ]
C A 5d ',! ] A3A7 , ' A5
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 (from 22 a 1; f. 63 lost) photos 6.15a (f. 64r), 6.14b
(f. 64v), 1.29b (f. 65r), 1.30a (f. 65v), 7.10b (f. 66r) and 7.11a (f. 66v); S2 (up to 9 b 8 and from
85 c 2; f. 56 and 57 lost) exposures 49 (f. 55v) and 50–51b (f. 58r–59r); S3 (up to 19 a 4 and from
118 b 6) f. 60vand f. 64r (f. 64r effaced and partly retraced, one third lost); S4 (from 20 a 5 up to
116 d 8) exposures 14a (f. 61r), 13b (f. 61v), 6b (f. 62r), 5b (f. 62v), 4b (f. 63r) and 3b (f. 63v) (one
third of f. 62 and 63 lost); R f. 76v–80v; A3 f. 45r–47v; A5 f. 83r–88r; A7 f. 63r–66v.
1a ] S2pc S3RABh , S2ac 1b pc

" ] S2 RBh ,
ac
" S2 S3 1c A! ] RBh
(conj.) , + A,! S2 , A,! S3 (unmetrical) 2d e # ] conj. , hy # S2S3Bh
•
# ! ] S2RABh , # S3 3a a&,. ] S2pc RABh , a&, S2ac S3 3c ] S2S3A ,

Bh (conj.) • prM d? ] S2RA3A7Bh , prM d S3 4d ,#+,& ] S2S3pc RABh ,
ac pc ac
,+,& S3 5a ] S2 RA3A5Bh , S2 S3 5b dy# ] S2RBh , dy-
# S3 5c C ] S2pc RBh , C S2ac S3 5d ' ] S2A3A7Bh , ' S3
pc ac
(unmetrical) • ] S2 RABh , g S2 , + S3
206
218
(219)
+2"5
207 #+6 9

u ।

| 0~ 6> v6 5 ।
pr6
6O9
h#॥ 6॥
adypr%6 % ।
} я | 0 ( 06#॥ 7॥
u ।

r я ।
a ( g #॥ 8॥

5 ।
? ,. (BE % ,
; ।
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – ॥ 9॥
i
g g 5 ( 06#।

9 LM ;+ R >, ॥ 10॥
6O9 ।
h , i pr% ॥ 11॥
6 u ] om. R 6b C ] C R 6c + pr2

] + pr2#
R 6d
2=5
# ] 2'sn
# R 8d +! ] g Rpc , g Rac 9 C ] om. R 9cd ] om.
R 10a ] , R 10d 9|#M ] pr#M R 11d i ]
i# R
6 u ]

u A 6c–9d ] om. A 10a ,
V ] A7 , ,V A3A5 10b -
C ]
C A 10d 9|#M ] { A7} |#{ #r A3A5} A 11a # ]
A5 , # A3 , # A7 11b ] A3 , A5A7
9c 1–d 8→ S2 (after this two folios lost)
6 u ] em. ,

u S2S3 ,
u Bh 6b 2M ] RABh , M S2S3 7c '
'я o ] S2RBh , ' 'я o S3 7d #",22! ] S2S3R , – – – – – – – – Bh
pc ac
(conj.) 8a
#, ] S2 S3RBh , #,,! S2 , #, Bh (typo) • ] S2R
Bh , S3 8c '" ] S2RBh , '" S3 9a Q ] S2RBh , Q S3 (unmetrical)
9b "GL ] S2RBh , "Gя S3 9cd ] Loss of 2 pādas conjectured , om. S3 , Bh conjectures loss
of 6 pādas. 10a Before this Bh adds ,'2 u। • ,V ] S3RA7Bh (em.) 10b

C ] RBh (em.?) ,
C S3 10d 9|#M ] conj. Bh (silently) , e|#'M S3
11a Before this Bh adds C। • # ] S3RA5Bh (conj.?) 11b ] RA3Bh ,
g S3
207
219
(220)
+2"5
208 #+6 9
e>, ( - pr9h ।

j (
, -9,tt#।
j ( (c > % ॥ 12॥
g
c ।
(cLM j ,॥ 13॥
pr ; ( #।
( ¦ tt
dy
;
॥ 14॥
i kt я pr pt
( (O.।

% hy > [ #॥ 15॥
j (
; , ,>,, ।
aj %kty pr$9#॥ 16॥
9- 6 я।
pr> ( я ॥ 17॥
$9 tt#।
, +s r ;?( %#॥ 18॥
12ef ] '2D'pr5
"6 #" A# hy R • After this R adds 4 pādas reading яdtt
pc ac
, ' ;"o। a 5& vv
, "G#я vv । 13a ] R ,
R
14c tt ] tt R 14d dy #, ] ' # R 15b pt] " R 15cd -
hy ] ,! hy
# R 16d pr#-5! ] Rac , pr#-5 Rpc 17a 5. ] 5 R 17c
#'"' ] #'pl' R
12ab ] om. A 12d 5 ] A7 , A3A5 12ef ] Instead of this A has 4 pādas
reading яdtt { A3}, a' ;"o। a5& #,G,। ±
, 13b
c ] A3 , + A5A7 14a ] A7 , A3A5 14c 2#° ] A3A7 , 2#- A5 • tt
]
{" A5} A 14d dy ] A7 , ' A3 , + A5 • #, ] # A 15d -
hy ] A3A7 , ,! hy
# A5 16ab ] om. A5 16a , ] , A3A7 16cd ] om.
A 17ab ] 5. ,+2' #+# я A3A7 , +# я A5 (unmetrical) 17cd ]
om. A
16(b 2–b 8)c 1–c 4(c 5–d 5)d 6(d 7)d 8 S3
12ab ] (S3)R , Bh conjectures loss of 2 pādas 12a e M ] R , e M S3 (unmetrical)
12b 2 ] R , k S3 12cd ] R(A3)(A5)A7Bh (conj.) , om. S3 12ef ] S3 , Bh
conjectures loss of 6 pādas, has 4 pādas reading яd , a' ;"o। a 5&
, '#,G,। (conj.) and conjectures loss of 2 pādas 14a Before this Bh adds
,'2 u। • ] RA7 , S3 , A Bh (conj.) 14c 2#° ] RA3A7Bh , #°
S3 (unmetrical) • tt ] S3 , tt Bh (em.?) 14d dy ] A7Bh (em.?) , dy S3 •
#, ] S3 , # Bh 15cd ,! ] A3A7Bh , S3 15d M #N ,! ] RABh ,
M#N S3 • After this Bh conjectures loss of 2 pādas. 16a , ] S3RBh (em.) 16cd ]
Rac , –˘ –˘ –˘ –˘ ( & A) –˘ () –˘ () # –˘ (") – # ˘ –˘ S3 (lower parts lost) , Bh conjectures loss of
2 pādas. 17b # ] S3R , #+ Bh 17cd ] (S3)(R) , om. Bh 17c #'"' ]
conj. , # '"' S3 18b , ] S3ac RABh , S3pc 18c w# ] RABh ,
## S3 18cd p, ] RABh , p, S3
208
220
(221)
+2"5
209 #+6 9
dy > *c #।

5 ( DW.
; g pr%
॥ 19॥
. pr [
? > ।
a r 9 dy ॥ 20॥
tt
9 ;. #।
a(< LMy 5 r#।
5 -,+0#॥ 21॥
i!. .. (.. ; %
;।
6$
;,9 ;c
; , (6#॥ 22॥
kv. 6g . (. kv#।
kvj(j % \{ (. ।
kvd (. 5 kvcc (. (॥ 23॥
. . .
;c pr . T
;> ।
a
;ch(;. ,0
;
T h*
T kt
;॥ 24॥
20c 9r#5 ] " #5 R 21b ' # ] ++# R • After this R adds 4
pādas reading g #,52&5? #Cpr="2। +M, , A prpt "#d ॥ 22ab ]
fGD# #5#( #A R 23a ,# ] Rpc , ,# Rac 23b " ]
" R 23c "jA ] prpA R 23d +S# 2 " ] +"# 2 ! " R 23e "
#C ] ! "c R 23f 6 " ] Rpc , 6 '" Rac 24a c ] -
c R (unmetrical) 24b #pr ] #" R 24d # kt2 ] kt2
R
19d g ] A 20ab ] om. A 20c 9r#5 ] " { )) A7}5 A 20d
,dy & ] c v & A3 , c N & A5 , 5c pn & A7
21a + ] + A7 , + A3A5 21d #r ! ] #r { A5} A 22b ,& -
" A ] ,& '" A A 22d ! ] # A 23a–24b ] om. A 24c
2 ] 2c A3A7 , 2 A5 (unmetrical) 24d # kt2 ] kt2 A
19(a 4)a 5–d 8→ S3 20←a 1–a 4 S3 (f. 61r of S4 starts from a 5) 21(f 2–f 3)f 4–f 8→ S4 22(a 1–
a 2, b 7–b 8) S1, ←a 1–c 2 S4 23(c 3)c 4–f 8 S1 24(b 6–b 8) S1, a 8–d 8→ S4
19d g ] RBh (conj.) • After this Bh conjectures loss of 2 pādas 20a ] RBh
(conj.?) 20c 9r#5 ] conj. Bh , r5 S4 21b # ] S4A , # Bh (conj.?)
21cd #C 2 ] RABh , #C 2 S4 21f # ! ] RA , ! Bh (conj.) 22b
,& " A ] conj. Bh , ,& '" (A) S1 (tops lost, unmetrical) 22c - ]
RABh , -g S1 (tops lost) , –˘ –˘ S4 • #c6 ] S1RABh , #c6 S4 22d ! ]
RBh (em.?) , S1 , #+M S4 23ab ] S1 and Bh have these 2 pādas after 23ef. 23a
pc
,# ] R Bh (em.) , ,#IJ S1 , #5#IJ S4 23b " ] conj. , "
S1S4Bh 23d 2 " ] Rpc Bh (em.) , 2 '" S4 23e kv#d ] RBh (em.?) , kv#

S4 23f kv#! ] RBh (em.?) , kv# S4 24a ] S1S4 , + + Bh (conj.)
24b 2+ M ] S1R , 2#" Bh (conj.?) 24c 2 ] RBh (em.?) , 2 S1 24d

# kt2 ] conj. Bh , kt2 S1
209
221
(222)
+2"5
210 #+6 9
(nn . ; %;(।

0 %c > ; dd .
;(॥ 25॥
.%c % yяB,;
(
;(।
*.
; ,.

;c (dm+DW
;c %#॥ 26॥
(> ; y
;c; %5 ; (
;(।
6dv DW(
;c; > k ; 6#॥ 27॥
(O(\. (
;c ? pr% ;।
> prsr9 ;c
; %c ( %#॥ 28॥
($%,0 . (; cc % #।
B ( | hv.#।
; yj{;c ;c % #॥ 29॥
яя 9C +$, .#।
B,. %% .#॥ 30॥
25b , ] :2 R 26c ,# ] nn# R 27c >" ] G2 R 27d
Mk ] Mg , R 28c prsr5 ] prsr, R 28d c " ] c R 29b cc#A ]
cc, R 29cdef ] om. R 30c # ] # R 30d A
A ] Ac R
25a # 2 ] A5A7 , # 2 A3 25b A& ] #A A5 (unmetrical) , #A! A3 , -

A! A7 25c–26d ] om. A 27b AC ] A A 27cd ] om. A 28a ] j
A 28cd ] om. A 29b cc#A ] cc# A3 , cctt A7 , cc A5 (unmetrical) 29f
& ] A3 , # A7 , # A5 • c#A ] c#" A 30a 2&5? ] 22&5? A
30cd ] om. A
25(c 5)c 6–d 8→ S1, ←a 1–a 6 S4 26←a 1–b 3 S1 27(a 8)b 1–d 8→ S4 28(d 2)d 3–d 8→ S1,
←a 1–a 6 S4 29←a 1–b 2(b 3) S1, (f 5–f 6)f 7–f 8→ S4 30←a 1–c 6 S4
25a # 2 ] S1RA5A7Bh , ˘ 2 S4 25d dd ] RBh (em.?) , S4 26b

bяG ] RBh (em.?) , bяG S4 26c :2, ] RBh (em.?) , :2 , S1 , :2 S4ac ,
pc ac
:2 nn S4 26d >c ] S4RBh , >c S1 • #A ! ] S4RBh , (
)#A S1 , #-
pc
S1 27a 2#"'M ] S1RABh , 2#"M S4 28c prsr5 ] S4Bh , pr, S1 ( retraced)
29a " ] RABh , A S4 29b cc#A ] em. Bh (silently) , c#A S1 , , S4
29c G ] S1ABh , Gc S4 29d ohv ] S1pc S4ABh , ohv S1ac (unmetrical)
ac pc
• 2! ] S1ABh , 2 S4 , 2 S4 29e ] S4ABh , S1 29f
& c ] S1A3Bh , # c S4 (tops lost) 30b #- ] RABh , #- S1 30d
AA ] S1Bh , 2 A S4
210
222
(223)
+2"5
211 #+6 9

? ,(O(\.pr#।
h , h ( ( |B,9 #।
r .6 dy 6#॥ 31॥

0\. 6$ , ।
a(
$9 6$ ॥ 32॥
a(
,(O( 9 \. ? ।
(O(
\. c c (
! ॥ 33॥
\. %} D ( % я , ।
+ D > 5 +WY ! ॥ 34॥
D prB
\.
O %9 ।
> *0 a J 9 ! ॥ 35॥
31d oG2#5! ] 2G2g5! R 31e #r +2 ] #rk R 34a S# A-

> ] S A R 34d R#, ] sr#5 R 35a +6>
prG ] +6>#,
prя R (unmetrical) 35c # a ] #c R 35d D ++ 5 ] D+ -
52 R
31d 2#5! ] 25 A 31e #r +2 ] #r2 A± 31f '2 ! ] 2
A3A7 , +2 A5 32ab S - 6 2 ] -{ - A5A7} 6 2 A
A± 32c a" ] A5 , a" A7 , a"
A3 33b S#, ] ">#, A 33c "=" ] "-
= A 34a A> ] A A7 , - A3A5 34b A я,#, ] Aя,#, A 34c
,>M ] ,{ N A3A5}M A 35 ] om. A
31(b 7–b 8) S1 32b 7–d 8→ S4 33←a 1–a 7 S4 35c 4–d 8→ S4
31b "=" ] S1S4RA , "> Bh (conj.) 31c g ] S1RABh , g S4 31d
"", ] RABh , ""&, S1 , "", S4 • 2#5! ] S1S4 , 25! Bh 31ef #r +-
2 ] conj. , #r +2 - u S1 , #r +2 S4 , #r +2 -
Bh (em.) 32a 2#,! ] S4RABh , 2 # S1 32b - ] RBh , - S1S4 • 6 ] S1R ,
S4Bh • 2 ] RBh (Bh reads thus in S1) , 2 S1 , 2 ˘ –˘ S4 32d , ]
RABh , , S1 33b &Q ] RABh , &Q S1S4 33c "=" ] S1R , "=N S4Bh
33d ( ] S1RABh , (,! S4 34a A> ] em. Bh (silently) , Akty> S1 , A->
S4 34b ] S1S4pc RA , () S4ac , Bh 34c ,>M ] S4R , ,=M S1 ,
,=>M Bh (em.?) 34d ( ] S1pc S4RABh , ( S1ac 35a +6> ] S4Bh ,
+6
S1 35b S = ] S1RBh , S V S4 35c # a ] em. , # S1
(unmetrical) , #
Bh (conj.?) 35d D ++ 5 ] conj. , D A5 S1 , D
A5 Bh (conj.?, Bh adds a question mark)
223
211
(224)
+2"5
212 #+6 9
a $ (
a6pr ।
% c 0 >
; %9 ।
a prB
O c > (
॥ 36॥
, 9 %B,5 M. cc ।
0 ( >C O9.॥ 37॥

R LM।
pr >C
-
5 ?9
! ,॥ 38॥
; pr
- h . cc ।
,
%B
; ,॥ 39॥

(
( c#।
$, 0 ? 0, 0 ॥ 40॥
\. (9,% я ।
h*%$ %B . ॥ 41॥
36a " ] '

R 36b a pr# , ] prsr,_ R 36cd , M-
A5#, ] G",
#
", R 36e +6& pr ] +6& pr R 37b #C ] #C
R 38b ,| ] Rpc , ,dy Rac 38d Q5
( #,# ] A 5
( #,#g R 40a Before this R
adds ,'2 u। 40c Q# ] Q#
R 41d , ] #, Rac , #,& Rpc
36a 2 " ] 2 ' A 36b a pr# ] pr A± 36c A c ] A3A5 ,
A c A7 • , ] { A7}c A 36e a +6& pr ] G",
pr A 37b
#C
] #C A3 , #C! A7 , #C! A5 37c ] A 37d =5 ]
{ A7} A 38a
] A 38b ## ,| ] ##я ,| A3A5 ,
##я| A7 (unmetrical) 38c–40d ] om. A
36←a 1–b 5 S4 37d 6–d 8 S1 38(a 1–a 2) S1, (d 6–d 7) S1∗, (a 7)a 8–d 8 S4 39(b 3–b 7) S1∗
∗ ∗
40a –a (a –a ) S1, (a )a –d (d –d ) S1
1 2 3 4 1 2 2 3 4 41(c , c –d ) d –d S1 , a –d → S4
5 8 5 6 8 4 8
36a a#-2 ] RBh , a-&2! S1 36b a ] conj. , S1Bh • , ] S4A
Bh , , S1 36c A c ] RA3A5Bh , A c S1S4 36e a ] S4RBh , a S1 •
pc
+6& ] em. Bh (silently) , +6& S1S4 • prG ] S1 Bh , prG S1 , prG S4
37ab AG##C ] em. Bh , AG# #C+!+ S1 , AG# #ddC S4 37b #+#J cc ] S1RABh ,
#+!#J S4 37c ] S4R , S1 , # Bh (conj.) • # ] S4RABh ,
#" S1 37d ,'M? ] S1RABh , ,'M S4 (unmetrical) • & ] RABh , & S4
38a ] S4RBh (Bh suggests dd in a note) , ()
& S1 • & ] RABh , -

S1 , ( ) –˘ S4 38b ## ,|IJ ] Rpc , #+#+ ,IJ# S1 , ## ,#AIJ#
Bh (conj.) 38c–47d ] S1 repeats this after 57d. 38c pr&'M? ] S1∗RBh , "&''M? S1 38d
∗ pc ∗
#,# ] S1Bh , # – (#g) { S1 ? } S1 39b g ] RBh (em.?) , g S1S4 , (g )
S1∗ • # cc ] S1RBh , (# )
∗
S1 , # S4 39d AG , ] S1S1∗ac S4RBh , A-
∗pc
, S1 40a Before this S4 adds , u। and Bh ,'2 u। • #+## ]
S4RBh , –˘ –˘ (## ) S1 , ()· · · S1∗ 40b c! ] S1RBh , c,! S4 40c - ] RBh
∗
(em.?) , S1 , - S4 40cd Q# & ] S4 , , Q# S1 , · · · ˘ & S1 , , Q# Bh
∗
(em.?) 40d , ] S1S1 RBh , , S4 (unmetrical) 41a #' ] S1∗RABh , #+
S1 , ( #) –˘ S4 41b 2# ! ] S1RABh , 2# S1∗ 41c -AG ! ] S1∗RABh , -AG S1
212
224
(225)
+2"5
213 #+6 9
( B , %y > ।

6
! T *%B ॥ 42॥
( 9 ।
pr ( >C >,॥ 43॥
aя;( ?! DWDW
v > ।
( . % %B+ ; #।
h% %B ॥ 44॥
.DW0 ; 6 DW0 > ।
*
ThmDW0 ; ~ |0 > ॥ 45॥
e hy 9 $ 6< , y #।
pr $ >C kt #॥ 46॥
u(g 0 cc
9
v ।
a6< ,c; $-я॥ 47॥
42d ,, ] , R 43d #M,& ] i R 44a " ] " R 44b #-
#>>
] #>c> R 44c 2"#, ] 2"#, R 44cd # # ] # #,c
R 45d After this R adds 2 pādas reading a &-,! Q(# ## । 47b
## ] a &-
R
42b G+#A ] G{ D A7}#A A 42c #,& #( ] A3 , #,& #({ #( A5}
A5 A7 42d ,, ] A3A5 , 5, A7 43d "6M? ] A3A5 , ">M? A7 • #M,& ]
5 A7 , +
A3A5 44a " ] A3A7 , " A5 44b ##>> ] ## c> A7 ,
# > A3 , #
A5 44c 2"#, ] 2"#, A 44d # ] # A3A7 , -
A5 (unmetrical) 44e ] A7 , A3A5 45b '> ] _ o A 45d
_ o ] _ { A5}f A • After this A adds 2 pādas reading a &{ # A3}-,!
Q(,! # ## । ± 46c + -M? ] A3 , + -M? A7 , + -M? A5 (unmetrical)
47a u"#V ] A7 , u"#V A3A5 47b ## ] ## A3 , ## A5A7 47d
-# .я ] A3A7 , -#A . A5 (unmetrical)
42←a 1–a 4 S4 43(c 5–c 8)d 1–d 8→ S1∗ 44(b 3) S1, ←a 1–f 5(f 6) S1∗, (b 2)b 3–e 8 S4 45(a 6,
b 3)b 4–b 8 S1∗ 46d 3–d 8→ S1∗, d 5–d 8→ S4 47←a 1–d 3S1∗, ←a 1–c 4 S4
42b #+M ] S1∗S4RABh , A ! S1 42c #( ] S1∗S4RA3A7Bh (#( corrected in S1∗) , -

∗
pc
( S1 , (6) S1
ac
• ] S4RABh , S1S1 42d ,, ] S1∗S4A3A5Bh ,
∗
,,, S1 43ab ] om. S1 43b "5 ] S1RABh , "5 S4 43d "6M? ] S1pc S4R
A3A5Bh , "6'M! S1ac • #M,& ] S1Bh (Bh suggests "#+,& in a note) , #M,& S4 44a
" ] S1A3A7Bh , " S4 44b ##>> ] S1 , # –˘ –˘ –˘ S4 , ##>> Bh (conj.?)
44d # ] S1 , #! Bh (em.?) 44e ] RA7 , c S1 , Bh
(em.?) 45c :hm> ] S1S1∗RABh , :hm> S4 45d _ ] S1RA3A7Bh , _ S1∗S4
∗
• M ] S1 S4RABh , S1 • After this Bh adds 2 pādas reading a #-,! _ ,! #
## । 46b ,H,! ] S1S1∗RABh , ,H S4 • b,! ] S1RABh , + M
∗ ∗ pc ac
S1 , b! S4 46c pr ] S1S1 S4 RABh , pr# S4 • + ] S1S4RA3Bh , +
S1∗ ∗
• -M? ] S1S1 RA3A7Bh , -M S4 47c aH c ] RABh , aH vvc,
∗
S1 , · · · c S4 47d # .я ] S4RA3A7Bh , # .я ! S1 , # я S1 (tops lost)
213
225
(226)
+2"5
214 #+6 9
6g $ 9 ; ।

0 ,
,( #॥ 48॥
pr > ( ?. . ।
%B+9 R яj (D я. r ॥ 49॥
. 0 r ( ( #।
ady ( (< я , .я. % #॥ 50॥
nn

> ^!я ।
nn

5 B,. ( я #॥ 51॥
y % (g. .. ।
ygY 0 % , #॥ 52॥
y dv6 5 я6h% *.।
я6h% nnO( . ,+॥ 53॥

. ky %$ >,(|
।
( h% e
#॥ 54॥
48a , ] R 48b -5+ + ] -,+ R 48cd

2 "# 2! ]
vv , 2) # 2! R 49b #, ] #g R 49c | ] R 49d r ]
R 50a # ] # R 50b ,,&! ] ,#,&! R 50d 2я A! ]
2 A " R 51b M ] R • #(я ] я#(я R (unmetrical) 51d
9#" я ] #Aя R 53b CяgA ] CяA+,!+ R 54cd + + e ] + +
hy
| R
48a , ] A3A7 , om. A5 (unmetrical) 48b -5+ + ] -5{ 5 A3A5}c + M

A 48cd 2 "# 2! ] , 2) { 5 A3 , 5 A5}# 2 A 49 ]
om. A 50a # ] { A7 (unmetrical)}# A 50b #r ] #v A7 , #v
A5 , #v A3 • ,,&! ] ,#,& A 50d 2я A! ] 2 A " A±
51b #(я ] #g:2 A 51d 9#" я ] #Aя A 52b , ] A7 , ,,
A3A5 52c–55b ] om. A
49d 1–d 8→ S4 50(c 1–c 2) S1, ←a 1–d 8 S4 53c 1–d 6(d 7–d 8) S1, a 7–d 8→ S4 54←a 1–b 3
S4
48a g+ ] S1RABh , + S4 48b -5+ ] S4 , -,+ S1 , 5+ Bh
(em.?) • + ] em. , .+ S1 , + M S4Bh 48cd 2! ] S1Bh ,

2 S4 48d "# 2! ] S4Bh , # 2! S1 49c ,& ] S1RBh , , S4 (tops lost)
• | ] S4Bh , + S1 49d r ] em. Bh (silently) , r S1 50a ]
RABh , S1 50b ,,&! ] S1 , ,#,&! Bh 50c ady#" "H# я, ] RA ,
(ady) "H# я, S1 , "H'dy#" я, Bh (conj.) 51a #+nn ] S4RABh , #+-
S1 51b #(я ] S4Bh , #(я! S1 51c C ] S4RABh , C S1 52a ]
S1S4RA , Bh (typo) • A& ] RABh , A& S1S4 52b , ] RA7 ,
S1S4Bh 52c VR ] S1RBh , (V S4 52d +6, ] S1RBh , +6, S4 (unmetrical)
53a #dv#,' ] RBh (em.?) , ##,' S1 (unmetrical) , #dv#, –˘ –˘ S4 53b CяgA ]
S1pc Bh , C(я)gA S1ac 53cd ] R , · · ·(#) S1 , Bh conjectures loss of 2 pādas 54d
e ] conj. , hy

S1S4Bh • # ! ] S1Bh , ,# ,! S4
226
214
(227)
+2"5
215 #+6 9
,+ 6g(B ,
,( v, % ।
6 (c C +॥ 55॥
a> -
vT ।

॥ 56॥
( % , ( 06#।
!B(9 [ ( > ॥ 57॥

я kt
ky % ।
%$ >,dy h% >॥ 58॥
( O . ( , ।
6 (c dy> g*. #।
%$ O *%$ , \. r ॥ 59॥
; B,. 5 B
>।
/06kk9,. gB. u(g } #॥ 60॥
( 5 B ,6g 6v >g#।
a T *d |

; ॥ 61॥
55b "v ] vv"v R 55d ,& ] ,! R 57b + ] Rpc , om. Rac
(unmetrical) 57c 2N ] 2N Rac , 2N Rpc 58b ky ] "H R 58d -
ac
] M R 59a "#= ] "#{ #" R }= R ( ? written above #) 59d
: ] R 60d #,& ! ] #,- R 61a CG ]
Cdv R 61b
#g,! ] #g5! R
55d , ] , A5 , A3 , 2! , A7 56c ] A 56d ] &
A 57a + ] + A 57b + ] A3A7 , A5 (unmetrical) 57c (G#"5& 2N-
] (G",&{ A3A5} 2N+ A 58b ky ] A7 , ky A3A5 58d ] A
59a "#= ] A3A5 , "#=
A7 59c "c! ] A3A5 , "c A7 59d : ] A3A5 ,
A7 59e :A- ] A3A5 , , A-M A7 60c + ] A7 , d A3A5 60d
#,& ! ] &{ & A3A5}- A 61a CG#V ] 6 d#V ! A 61b #g,! ]
A3A5 , #), A7
56b 7–d 8→ S1, c 6–d 8→ S4 57←a 1–a 8 S1, ←a 1–c 7 S4 58b 5(d 4)d 5–d 8 S1 59f 1–
f 8→ S1, (d 6–d 8)e 1–f 8→ S4 60←a 1–b 8(c 1) S1, ←a 1–b 4(b 6) S4 61c 7–d 2 S1
pc ac
55a , ] S1RBh , ,& S4 55d &? ] S1 RBh , &g, S1 (unmetrical) , &-
S4 56d ] RBh (em.) 57a + ] R , + Bh 57b + ] Rpc A3A7Bh ,
+ S1 57d #, ] S4RABh , #, S1 • After this S1 repeats 38c–47d. 58a
Before this S4 adds , u। • я ] S4RABh , , S1 58b , ] S4RABh ,
, S1 • ky ] S4A7Bh , kty S1 58d ] S1Bh , S4 59a "#= ]
S4A3A5Bh , "#C S1 59c ] S1RABh , S4 • "c! ] S4RA3A5Bh , "c
S1 59d : ] S1A3A5Bh , ( ) S4 59e :A- ] RA3A5Bh , A- S1 60c
gG ] S1S4RA , g Bh (typo, unmetrical) 60d #,& ! ] S1Bh , #,&- S4
61a CG ] S1Bh , CGM S4 • #V ] S4RBh , #Vc S1 61b #g,! ] A3A5 ,
#,&! S1 , #g S4 , #g,& Bh (em.?) 61c a, ] S4RABh , a, S1 •
:#d ] RABh , :#d S4
215
227
(228)
+2"5
216 #+6 9
5 u ।
(c9kt
5
. ।
,
eLM
#॥ 62॥
u ।

5 ( 9,pr pr % #।
( >, kt > dytt 69O॥ 63॥

5 ( kt % 6+ я।
я T ,( , ॥ 64॥
+ ,. 6
$tt#।
+ ( p ॥ 65॥
6 pr
( ।

; (g - . y y ॥ 66॥
62a kt ] kt R 63c kt ] kt R 63d dytt# ] dykt# R 64a
kt ] kt R 64d After this R adds 4 pādas with speaker indications reading C u।
u" 2M & d,! #" "। #2 c 2c 2M V я। ,'2 u। 65a
w#! ] g R 65d "& ,#), ] "&{(,&) Rac } ,! #), R (unmetrical) 66a ! ]
R
62ab kt C ] { A5A7}kt C A 62c ' , ] A3A5 , '
,! A7
(unmetrical) 63–64 ] om. A 65a w# ] A3A5 , ,2 A7 65d
"& ,#), ] "& ,! #), A7 (unmetrical) , ,&{5& A5} ,#), A3A5 • 6 ] 6
A 66d
, y ] ,dy A5 , "65{ , A7}# A3A7
62c 7–d 8→ S4 63(speaker indication syll. 2)3–b 5(b 6–b 7) S1, ←speaker indication–b 4(b 5–
b 6) S4 64(b 5)b 6–b 8 S1 65(d 7)d 8 S1, c 1–d 8→ S4 66(a 1–a 2, c 3)c 4–c 8 S1, ←a 1–b 7(b 8,
c 2) S4
62a "c ] S4RABh , + "c S1 • kt ] S4Bh , kt S1 62b , ] S4R
ABh , , S1 62c 2 ! ] RA ( RA5A7) 2? S1S4 , 2& ! Bh (conj.?) •
, ] RA3A5Bh , , S1 , – –˘ S4 63ab C&,' " 5pr ] R , · · · –
S4 , – – – – – – – – – – Bh 63b pr# ] RBh (conj.?) , ˘ ( ) S1 (upper parts lost; first aks.ara
has subscript !) , (")# S4 (lower parts lost) 63d 5= ] S4RBh , 5v S1 64a kt ]
S1Bh , kt S4 64c я ] S1S4R , я Bh (typo) 64d " ! ] S4RBh ,
" S1 • After this Bh conjectures loss of 2 pādas. 65a w# ] S4Bh , w-
# S1 (unmetrical) 65b # ! ] S4RABh , # S1 65c ] RABh , g
S1 • + ] RABh , + S1 65d ,#), ] A3A5Bh , ,#), S1 • 6 ]
R , (6) –˘ S1 , #65 Bh (conj.?) 66a '+' ] ABh , ( +)' S1 ( + upper parts
lost) 66b ] RABh , S1 • ] RABh , S1 , ˘ () S4
216
228
(229)
+2"5
217 #+6 9
$ ( 6v (g ।

;$ pr * T#॥ 67॥
$ c nn ( #।
a 0
C pr ॥ 68॥
i kt y (pl।
я 9 ,%
#॥ 69॥
a %y %B (
; ।
nn pr9 , #॥ 70॥
sr + ,9 >- 5 \. ।
dv 9,(9 , 6 h*% я॥ 71॥
( %B >C ; я! ।
>- sr + ,9 . e ॥ 72॥
>C (B9C sr ।
g - , |(
9 ,#॥ 73॥
67d ] R 68a ' ] : R 69a ] R 70d # ] #tt

R 71c "5& ] "i& R 72d #,, ] #, R 73a '"G5? ] "G5? R
73b ] ' R 73c ] vv R
67a #'" ] A7 , '" A3A5 • ] A 67b #, ] '#, A 67d

] A 68a 2 ] A7 , A3A5 68b 2 cnn ] 2 cM? A3A7 , 2 A5
(unmetrical) • "#+, ] "#+,& A 69a ] A 69b "#pl ] pr"&# A
70b ] 2 A 70d ] A3A7 , A5 (unmetrical) 71b #C ] A7 , #C
A3A5 • S, ] S, A 71c "5& ] "6&{ & A7} A 71d g: ] A7 ,
A5 , A3 • A я, ] A я, A 72b ] A 72c sr ] sr { r
A7 } A 72cd 5#, ] 5 #5, A • ] A3A5 , A7 73a '"G5? ] ,! A
73c ] A3A5 , vv A7
67c 6–d 2(d 3) S1 68(d 3)d 4–d 8→ S4 69(d 4)d 5–d 8→ S1, ←a 1–c 8(d 1) S4 70
←a (a )d –d → S1
1 2 7 8 71←a –a (a )a (a ) S1
1 4 5 6 7 72a 2–d 4 S4 73a 1–a 3(a 4–a 8) S1
67a #'",& ] RS4pc , #:G"& c S1 , #'",& S4ac , #'",& ! Bh (em.?)

67b #, ] S1pc RBh , #, S1ac S4pc , #, S4ac 67d ] S1RBh , S4 • ] S4RABh ,
S1 68a -& ] S1RABh , -& S4 68b cnn ] S4RBh , c,,! S1 68d ]
S4RABh , vv S1 70b ] S4RBh , S1 70d ] S4A3A7Bh , ˘ –˘
S1 71b #C ] S4RA7Bh , #C S1 • S, ] S4RBh , S, S1 71d A я, ]
pc ac
RBh (em.?) , A я, S1S4 72b ] S1R , Bh • #я #( ] S1 RABh , #я #( S1
72d #, ] RBh (em.?) , #5 S1 • ] RA3A5 , S1Bh , S4 73a M?
'"G5? ] em. , –˘ ( 'M ) – (i) S1 (upper parts lost; last but one aks.ara has subscript ) , M
"Gi? S4 , M? "G5? Bh (conj.?) 73b ] ABh , S1S4 • , ] S1S4RA , ,
Bh (conj.) 73c V+ ] S1RABh , V+ S4 • ] S1A3A5Bh , S4
217
229
(230)
+2"5
218 #+6 9
| u ।
u( %
( * #।
g *
T
B dyLM (॥ 74॥
u( ? ।
я ;. ky 0(
।
ady O)+ (c9C #।

;. ky
! (< (#॥ 75॥
i ( dy © , g#।
a 0(, 6 hy ( ॥ 76॥
s pr >, *.।
6 dvd ॥ 77॥
| u ।
% ( pr y %B( ( ।

sn
6v % ( >#।
kl< * T
B
h #॥ 78॥
74d dy# ] # R 75c ady #,=2; ] # #,2; R 76ab # ²# ]
² i R (unmetrical) 77b prM+ ] ady ' R 78 o ] i( R 78c #klH-
, ] (2³)H, R
74b : # ! ] ,{ , A5} 2 A3A5 , a# c A7 75 u"Q ] A3A7 , u"-

A5 75c #,=2; ] A3 , #,=2; A5 (unmetrical) , #,+2;,! A7 75d c&5? ]
A3 , #c5? A5A7 76ab ²# ] a²# A7 , a²?# A3A5 76b #V! ]
#+ A 76d hy '" ] ,{ ,
A3 , 5
A7} ,! "# A 77c ]
A 78 o ] i( A 78a '" ] '" A 78c–f ] Instead of this A has 2 pādas
reading :#
G A tt ,# #J । ±
75speaker indication syll. 5–6?(d 8–e 1) S1, (speaker indication syll. 2–3)4–d 4(d 5) S4 77
(b 8)c 1–d 8→ S4 78b 8 S1, ←speaker indication–b 5 S4
74a A ] S1RABh , A! S4 74b # ! ] S4RBh , c S1 74c 9#+ ]
S1RABh , #+ S4 74d "62 ] S4RABh , "62 S1 75 u"Q ] RA3A7Bh , u"-
· · · S1 (one aks.ara or two lost) , u(")· · · S4 75d c&5? ] RA3Bh , c&i S1 75e
9 ] S4RABh , S1 75f "H# ] S1S4pc RABh , "H# S4ac 76ab ²# ] S1 ,
c_ i S4 , # Bh (typo) 76c a ] S4RABh , ac S1 76d '" ]
S1R , '" S4 (unmetrical) , +" Bh (conj.?) 77a #2 2 # ] S1RABh , #2kA #
S4 77b : ] RABh , : S1 , :() S4 77c ] RBh (em.) , S1
77d ] S1pc RABh , ! S1ac 78a AG'" ] RBh (em.) , " S1 , · · · S4 78d
A ] S1RBh , A S4 78f g ] S1R , S4Bh
218
230
(231)
+2"5
219 #+6 9
u( ? ।

E ( tt $
tt।

%kt LM h #॥ 79॥
| u ।

(< ( (#।
!} pr
! *
T
B tt
#॥ 80॥
a (
sn

i T।
0, *T
B dv #॥ 81॥
u( ? ।
6 я6
(Bя pr% ।
LM 6 ?! dv
॥ 82॥
u ।
ekt я |( v।
u [ (c ?! O ॥ 83॥
ac pc ac
79c
]
{ R } ' R 79d #IJg ] R , #IJ=g R 80 o ]
i( R 80a ]
v R 80b #" ] "#" R 80c ] ' R 81a a #" -
+ sn

, ] #" + sn
A, R 81b ] #+ "62 R 81d ! ] Rpc , () Rac
83 ,'2 u ] om. R
79 u"Q ] A3 , u" A5 , u" A7 79a L ] A 79cd

Akt+ ] A7 , Akt A3 , Akt A5 80 o ] i( A 80a ]
v A 80cd ]
om. A 81d ! ] " A 82c , ] A 82d ,+ ] , A A 83a я-
+& ] A3A7 , я+& A5 (unmetrical) 83c N+ ] N
A3A7 , A5 (unmetrical) 83d
2#=# ] pr+# A
79(a 4–a 7)b 1–b 2(b 3)b 4(b 5–b 7) S1, d 1–d 8→ S4 80(a 1) S1, ←speaker indication–c 7(c 8)
S4 82c –d → S1, (b –b )b –d → S4
7 8 5 7 8 8 83←speaker indication–a 7(a 8–b 2) S1, ←speaker
indication–b 8 S4
79 u"Q ] RA3Bh , u" S1 , u"G u S4 79a L ] RBh (em.?) , -
L S1 (unmetrical) , я S4 • 'tt ] S1RABh , 'nn S4 79b - tt ] RABh ,
– ( tt) S1 , - tt S4 79c–80 speaker indication ] om. S1 79cd Akt+ ] R
A7Bh (em.?) , Akt –˘ S4 79d +#IJg ! ] Rpc ABh 80 o u ] conj. Bh
(silently) 80b '"# ! ] S1RA , +"# ! Bh (conj.?) 80c (# ] RBh (em.?) ,
(-# S1 • #pr
( ] S1R , · · ·(() S4 , #"
( Bh (typo) 80d , ] S1RBh , ,
S4 (unmetrical) 81ab , i ] S4RABh , ,# S1 81b ] S1ABh (visarga
possibly lost in S1) , S4 81c ' ] S4RABh , ' S1 (retraced) 81d +dv ! ]
S4 , + g S1 (retraced) , +! g! Bh (em.?) 82 u"Q ] RABh , u"
u S1 , u"G S4 82a 2 ] S1RABh , 2 S4 82b 9#+ ' ] S1RABh , #+(') S4
82c ] S1pc RABh , S1ac 82cd Q(dv
] RABh 82d ,+ ] R , A-
! Bh (conj.?) 83 ,'2 u ] ABh 83a ekt я+& ] RA3A7Bh , · · · –˘ & S1
83c N+ "c ! ] S4RBh , N Q( ! S1
219
231
(232)
+2"5
220 #+6 9
LM ,n

% #।
?! pr h%
> % ॥ 84॥

! ?! ( >।
, 5 T i #॥ 85॥
?! u ।
u( % (< E।
*
T
B c dd
॥ 86॥
u ।
6v
%pr9h ।
u pr9 ky pr0 #॥ 87॥
% g 9 ,।
db! hy LM ॥ 88॥
!5 r + 5 ।
$ n (>#॥ 89॥
84a + ] + R 84b A'! ] A ' R 84d +

M+' # #A ] +,! +#
# R 85a & ( ] i
( R 85cd C i ] C# R 86c #,#c' ] #,#c' R
87d pr,! ] pr: ,! R 89a (C ] ' R 89cd n&# ] n&++
#2 R
84a + ] + A 84b #,#n ] A3A7 , #,#n A5 • A'! ] A3A5 , A A7
84cd ] Q( A+{ + A5},+M # prA A3A5 (unmetrical) , om. A7 85a &
( ]
i( A7 , i( A5 , Q( A3 85c C ] A3A7 , C A5 85d +! ] A7 , + A3A5
86c #,#c' ] #,#c' A3A7 , #,c' A5 86d dd# ] A7 , # A3A5 87c -
ky ] I A 88b 5# ] A7 , 5# A3A5 88c ! ] A7 , om. A3A5 (unmetrical)
• &, ] A7 , &, A3 , &, A5 (unmetrical) 88d IJ , ] IJnn A 89a
(C ] ' A 89b ] A 89cd ] om. A
84(c 1) S1 85d 3–d 8→ S1, ←a 1–c 1(c 2) S2, b 3–d 8→ S4 86←speaker indication–c 1 S1,
←speaker indication–c 7 S4 87(a 5, c 4) S1, d 3–d 8→ S2 88(d 3–d 4)d 5–d 8→ S1, ←a 1–
a 2(a 3–a 7)a 8–b 2 S2, b 2–d 8→ S4 89←a 1–d 1(d 2) S1, ←a 1–c 8 S4
84b #,#n ] S4RA3A7Bh , #,#n S1 • '! ] RA3A5Bh , ' S1 (! possibly lost) ,
',! S4 84c gA ] RBh (em.?) , A S1S4 84d ] S4ABh , S1 85a
Before this Bh adds ,'2 u। (conj.?) 85c + ] RA3A7Bh , + , S1 ,
(+) S2 (tops lost) 86c #,#c' ] S2 , #,#c S1 , #,#c' Bh 86d ] S1S2pc
S4RABh , S2ac pc ac
• dd# ] S2RA7Bh , #, S1 ?, dd#, S1 ?, # S4
87a ] S2RABh , S1S4 (unmetrical) 87b #Apr5g ] S2S4RABh , pr#5"' S1
87c ky ] S1S4RBh , ky S2 (tops lost) 87d pr,! ] ABh , pr ! S1 , pr5!
S4 88a A ] S4RABh , A S1 , –˘ –˘ ( ) S2 88b 5# ] RA7Bh
(em.?) , # c , S1 , –˘ –˘ (5)5#cc S2 , · · · S4 88c &, ] RA7Bh
(em.?) , &, S1 , &, S2 88d hy ] S2RABh , hy S1 89cd n& ] conj.
Bh (cf. Rpc ) , n& S2 , · · · S4
220
232
(233)
+2"5
221 #+6 9

u ।
a r
; ddvяtt।
69[ r 6 dv ॥ 90॥
u( ? ।

; r pr d ।
>,c h%pr LM > >,#॥ 91॥

u ।

r $ ।
i ktv
; 0 ॥ 92॥
a0 , яj >C ( 06#।
*
Thm9 ( > %B e * T#॥ 93॥
90
]
R 90b 2+##ddv ] #2#c#dv Rpc (unmetrical) , 2#cc#dv Rac (unmetrical)
pc ac
91a r ] #r' R 91c M ] M R 91d M#M ! ] v R , R
92
]
R 92c
! ] R 93a Before this R adds ,'2 u।
93a +M ] R
90 ]

A 90ab ] om. A 90d , ] A7 , ',
A3 A5 91 u"Q ]
A3A5 , u" A7 91a r ] A5 , rr A3 (unmetrical) , v A7 91b
'pr ] A3A5 , ! pr A7 • d+ ] A7 , d+ A3A5 91c Mc ]
M? A • gA! ] A7 , " A3 (unmetrical) , d A5 91d
M#M ! ] + pr#M A3A5 , + "#M A7 92 ]
A 92a–d ] repeated in A3.
92c i'ktv ] A3A3∗A7 , i''2 A5 •
! ] A 93a Before this A adds ,-
'2 u। , and after this A3 repeats 92a–d and ,'2 u। • ' ] A7 , ' A3A5
93a :hm5 " ] :hm{ Q A7(unmetrical)}" A 93d e, ] A3A5 ,
,,! A7
90a 8(b 1)c 7–c 8(d 1–d 2) S1, (c 5–c 6) S2 91(a 2, b 1, b 7–b 8, c 6)c 7–d 8→ S1, a 1–d 8→ S4
92←speaker indication–d 8→ S1, ←speaker indication–b 2 S4 93←a 1–a 7(a 8–b 7)b 8(c 1–
c ) S1, d → S4
2 8
90 ] em. , S1 , S2 ,

S4Bh 90a ,#+ ] S2pc S4pc RBh , , –˘ S1 , ,#
S2ac S4ac 90b ##ddvя ] S1S2Bh , ##ddя S4pc , ##я S4ac (unmetrical) • tt ]
S2pc RBh , tt S1 , tt S2ac S4 91 u"Q ] RA3A5Bh , u" u S1 , u"G S2S4
91a r ] S2A3A5Bh , r S1 91b 'pr ] S1S2pc RA3A5Bh , 'pr S2ac 91c
M ] S2Bh , + M S1 91cd gA+ ! ] RBh (em.?) , gA ! S2 91d M#M ! ]
conj. Bh , M#+M S2 92 ] em. , S2 ,
Bh 92c i'ktv ] S2RA3A3∗A7Bh ,
pc ac
i'ktv S4 • ! ] S2 Bh , S2 S4 93c :hm5 ] S2RBh , –˘ (hm)5 S1 (upper
parts lost; first aks.ara has subscript !) , :hm5
S4 • " ] S2S4RBh , Q" S1 93d e, ]
S4RA3A5Bh , e S1 , e,! S2
233
221
(234)
+2"5
222 #+6 9
*
Thm ।
u( prj 9C ( %#।
g *T
B pr LM ~॥ 94॥
u( ? ।
% ,. ,6pr% ।
9C
( (< . (॥ 95॥
v %kt ( 9।
dv 69

tt #॥ 96॥
*
Thm ।
?! dvpr $ .,%#।
e
tt#॥ 97॥
pr я ( a> ( ।
i!> O9 ।
. ( . % ,. %(Bя॥ 98॥
94 :hm ] om. R 94a prj ] A R 94b &5? ] &5? R 94c :#
G ]
:
#
G R 95d 2" ] 2"! R 96a v ]
v(dy)! R 96b &+ ]
&+ R 96d ! ] R 97 :hm ] #" u R 97a #dvpr ] #'2#c !
R 97b -& , ] -&M? U Rpc ?, Rac ? 97c 9'2 ] 2 R 98d ' ]
'c R
94a prj ] prj A± 94b &5? ] &5? A 94c :# G ] :
#
G A± 95 u-
"Q ] A3A5 , u" A7 95cd ] om. A 96b &+ ] &tt A 96c
5
] A3A7 , 5 A5 96d , ] A3 , , A5A7 97 :hm ] #" u A 97b
,A! ] ,{ , A5} llA A 98c ' ] A3A7 , ' A5 98d #=5' ] #=5'
A5A7 , #=5 A3 (unmetrical) • # ] #, A
94←speaker indication–d 8→ S4 95←speaker indication–a 3(a 4) S4 96c 5–d 8→ S4

97←speaker indication–d 8→ S4 98←a 1–a 3(a 4–a 7, b 8, c 1) S4
94 :hm ] ABh , :hm u S1S2 94a prj ] S1 , prj S2Bh 94b A! ] S2RA
Bh , A S1 94c 9#+ ] S1RABh , #+ S2 • :
#
G ] S1S2 , :
#
G Bh 94d
prIJ# ,_ ] S1RA , 'prIJ M#+M ! S2 (cf. 91d) , prIJ# M #N ! Bh (conj.)
95 u"Q ] RA3A5Bh , u" S1 , u"G S2 95c &5? ] S2S4RBh , &i S1
pc ac
95d +' ] S2R , ' S1 , +' S4 , t Bh • 2" ] S2 Bh , 2 S1 , 2" S2 S4
pc ac
96a Akt ] S1S2RABh , gAkt S4 96b &+ ] S2 S4Bh , & S1S2 96c
dv ] S1S2RABh , dv S4 • 5
] S1RA3A7Bh , 5 S2 96d 'tt ] S2RABh , '' S1
• ! ] S2ABh , S1 97 :hm ] em. Bh (silently) , :hm u S1S2 97a +
, ] S2RABh , +' 2 S1 97b -& , ] S1S2A5 , -&., Bh (em.) 97c 9-
'2 ] S2ABh , kk S1 97d ] S2RABh , S1 98ab a ] S1pc S2S4RA ,
ac
S1 , N Bh (conj.?) 98c ' ] S2S4RA3A7Bh , ' S1 98d #=5' ]
S2S4Bh , #=5' S1 • # ] S1R , #, S2S4Bh 98f "G#я ] S1S2RABh , "G#я
S4 (visarga possibly lost)
234
222
(235)
+2"5
223 #+6 9
*
T
B
dy 6я
v#।
- 69[ $#॥ 99॥
u( ? ।
6 pr%
।
v ,%B c॥ 100॥
iLM ?
, ,9 ,9 #।
. % > ( ॥ 101॥
* pr.pt

tt 69
।
( ( , > ॥ 102॥
tt
LM O9 | ( ।
LM , 6> kl ॥ 103॥
u ।
ekt
*
Thm+,9 ।
( ,ky >,pr%॥ 104॥
u( ( 0 c.#।
BO9 *%B
(
; 0 ॥ 105॥
99a ] g R 99d - ] - R 101a ]

R 101b 2#5! ]
2#g5! R 101c A ] Q( R 101d ] R 102a :, ] :G, R • prpt
, ]
pr"
, R 102c ,2 ] ,'! R 103b , o' ] o'g R 103c ] vv? R
104b ] M R 104d ! ] ! R 105a "&, ] &, R
99a ] g A 100a prA ] " A 100d , +& ] A5 , ,+& A3A7 •
2c, ] A3A5 , 2c, A7 101a ] A 101b 2#5! ] A3A5 , 2#D, A7 101c–
102d ] om. A 103a 'tt ] A3 , ' A5 , tt
A7 103b , o' ] :hm' A 103d
kl
] A3A5 , o
A7 104b :hm#5 ] A3A7 , :hm#5 A5 • ] M A 104cd
] om. A 105b ] A3A5 , A7 105cd ] om. A
99a 1–d 8→ S4 100←speaker indication–b 6(b 7–b 8, c 8, d 3)d 4–d 5(d 7) S4 102a 2–d 8→ S4
103←a 1–c 8 S4 105b 2–d 8→ S4
99a dy ] S2Bh , + S1 99b #я+ ] S2RABh , Cяv S1 99c ,! ] S2R
ABh , , S1 99d - ! ] S2A , S1 , ;"2! Bh (conj.) 100 u"Q ]
S1RABh (u" u in S1) , u"G S2 100a prA , ] S2RBh , + , S1 100c ´v ]
S1S2RABh , ´v S4 (unmetrical) 100d 2c, ] S1S2pc RA3A5Bh , 2c, S2ac , 2(c), S4
101a ] S1Bh , S2S4 101b 2#5! ] S2S4A3A5Bh , 2D5 S1 101d M#" ]
ac pc
S2S4RBh , #" S1 102a prpt , ] S1S2 Bh , prpt
, S2 102d #2 ",! ] S2RBh , #2g",
S1 (unmetrical) 103a 'tt ] S2RA3Bh , S1 103c ] S2ABh , ' # S1 •
pc ac

, ] S2 RABh , , S1S2 103d kl ] S2S4RA3A5Bh , kl ! S1 104b
:
hm#5 ] S2S4RA3A7Bh , : hm#5 S1 104c ky ] S1S2RBh , ky S4 105a -
pc ac
"& ] S1 S4ABh , & S1 , G"& S2 105b , ] RA3A5 , nn S1 ,
ac pc
, ' S2 , ,+' S2 , · · · S4 , , a Bh (conj.) 105c :AG ] S2RBh ,
:AG
dd S1 105d & ] S2pc RBh , & S1 , & ! S2ac
223
235
(236)
+2"5
224 #+6 9
% j ( . ।

( > , $9 #॥ 106॥
V $ я{ . $ DW. pt. ।
E . . 0 r %я *d
y.॥ 107॥
(, j ( 5 ~T ,h*LM।
6O9 я tt c DW.0> ॥ 108॥
DW B. 9( ;*,%6,।
u ( ( g ( ॥ 109॥
a я kt ,yя,।
(0 r pr dO ॥ 110॥
dv(
6 9 6g #।
$ 9
! , ( #॥ 111॥
*. %B ,j pr ,।
%v $ *0% ॥ 112॥
pt (B ,9 ,9 . (।
i
; . , 6 h
T॥ 113॥
107d
b ] 5 R 109a ] , R 111b 2! ] 2 R 113b
2#, ] ,# R
106b 2& ] A3 , 2& A5 , #2 A7 (unmetrical) 108 ] om. A 109a ] -

A A 109c "6 "6 # ] A7 , "6 "6 "6# A3 (unmetrical) , "6# A5 (unmetrical) 109d
9#+ ] A3A7 , # A5 110d d#=# ] |#=# A5 , d#=# A3A7 111a dv&" ] A5 ,
#dv" A3A7 •
] A3A5 , A7 111cd ] om. A 112b j ] A3A7 , A5
112c Av ] A3 , A-G A5 , A° A7 • -& , ] A7 , -&., A3A5 112d :#A ] :#A
A 113b " ] A3A5 , " " A7
106←a 1–c 7(d 8) S4 108b 2–d 8→ S4 109←a 1–d 1(d 2) S4 111(a 1–a 3) S1, b 4–d 8→ S4
112←a 1–c 8 S4
106b 2& #6 ] RA3 , 2& + S1 , 2&#+6 S2 , 2&#+6 Bh (em.?) 106d ]
S2S4RABh , S1 107a #- ] S1S2pc RABh , #- S2ac S4 107b 2>& ]
pc ac
S1S2 S4RABh , 2> S2 (unmetrical) 107c ] S2S4RABh , S1 • r&,! ]
ac
S1S2RABh , r& S4 108b g:IJ ] S1RBh , g:{ S2 }IJ S2 109d 9#+
] S1RA3A7Bh , #+ S2S4 110a 'kt ] S1S2pc RABh , 'kt S2ac S4 110c r&,! ]
pc
S2RABh , r&,! S1 , r& S4 111a dv&"
] S2 S4RBh , (#dv"c) S1 (upper parts lost) ,
ac
dv&"c
S2 • ' ] S2RABh , ' S1S4 111c #- , ] S1R , -& , S2 , -&.,
Bh (em.?) 111d # ! ] S1RBh , # S2 112c -& , ] S1S2RA7 , -&., Bh
112d :#A ] S1S2RBh , :#A S4 (unmetrical) • ] S2RABh , + S1 , -
S4 (unmetrical) 113b " ] S2S4RA3A5Bh , " S1 113d ] S2pc RABh ,
ac
S1S2 S4
236
224
(237)
+2"5
225 #+6 9

, % pr+
, i
* 0 ।
pr t $ ॥ 114॥
u ।
pr9h %#।
j. 0 a-+pr #॥ 115॥
u( ? ।
, v
।
,,
, ॥ 116॥
( ((9 ।
c . (dm .
; ॥ 117॥
(n DW
; ।
(6
+n
; ॥ 118॥
( R ,(0 ।
y vsrg
Y ॥ 119॥
114a A ] A# R 115a ] +,+ R 116c 6 ] 6 R 116d
2 ] 2" R 119c #b ] #- R 119d #vssrV
R ] #vV
R
114ab ] om. A 115a ] A3 , A5 , A7 115b pr5g ] 'prN A 115c

] A5 , A3A7 115d a+ .& ! ] A3 , aV # ! A5 , + .& ! A7 116a , ]
A3A7 , , A5 116cd ] om. A 117b ", ] A3 , " A7 , " A5 (unmetrical)
117c–118d ] om. A 119c , +2#b ] , 2{,+2 A5}", A3A5 , ,-
+2"#5 A7 (unmetrical) 119d #vssrV R ] #=ssrV
A3 , #vsV
A5 A7
114(c 7) S1, b 6–d 8→ S4 115←speaker indication–c 4 S4 116(c 7) S4 117a 1–d 8→ S4
118(b 7–b 8)c 4(c 5–d 4) S3 (S3 starts from b 6), ←a 1–b 5 S4 119(a 2–a 8, d 3) S3
114a A ] S1S2Bh , A S4 • #pr

] S2S4RBh , #pr( S1 114b : ] S2RBh ,
: S1 114c 'pr,! ] S2RABh , 'pr S1 114d -& #, ] S1S2RA , -&.-
,, Bh (conj.) 115c +j# ] S1RABh , +j# S2 , · · ·# S4 • ]
S1pc S2S4RA5Bh , S1 115d a+ .& ! ] S2S4RA3Bh , a+ .& S1 116 u"-
Q ] S4RABh (u" u in S4) , om. S1 , u"G S2 116a , ] S1S2A3A7Bh , , S4
• ] S2S4RABh , S1 116b #v ] S2S3RABh , #v S1 116c -
# 6 ] S2S4Bh , vv#6{ # S1ac }tt
S1 116d , ] S1S2RBh , , S4 118c #" ]
S1RBh , #"#6 S2 , #" –˘ S3 • ] S2S3RBh , S1 118d #n ] S2S3R ,
bn S1 , bn Bh (conj.) 119a ,+ | ] S2RABh , ,+ | S1 , (,+ |) S3
119c , +2#b ] S2S3 , ,+2#bb S1 , , 2", Bh 119d #vssrV R ]
em. , #vssrV S1 , #ssrV
R S2 , #v(ssr)V S3 , #vsrVR Bh (conj.)
225
237
(238)
+2"5
226 #+6 9
v (
; ।
c r
c
h ॥ 120॥
u ।
Bn , ( ~
T v 6E ।
я % 5 pr pr%॥ 121॥
u( E. .pr ( я + 9#।
T 5 ( #॥ 122॥
( 9
tt ॥ 34॥
120b ] # R 120c c rc ] crc R 120d ]

R 122d ! ]
## R Col. i# r&+2"5

b>
u"pr, , #+6tt R
120ab ] om. A 121a Gn" ] Gd!#, A3A5 , #d A7 121b v+ ] A5

A7 , ++ A3 121d 2 pr# ] pr# A3 , pr# " A5 , Hpr# A7
122a u" ] A3 , u" A5A7 • , ] ,, A 122b ] A3 ,
A7 , A5 (unmetrical) 122c , ] A3A5 , ,! , A7 (unmetrical) Col. i-
# r&{i# A7}+2"5 e2&# sr # #g:2b>
u"pr, { , A5},
#+6tt 9 A± (A3 and A5 add 34)
120(a 5–a 6)c 4–c 5(c 6–c 8) S2, (b 3–b 4)b 5–d 8→ S3 121←speaker indication–c 4 S3 122
(c 4)c 5–c 11(c 12)d 1–d 10 S2
120b ] S1 , # S2Bh 121a Gn" ] RBh (em.?) , Gdy" S1 , G#n S2ac , G#n S2pc
pc ac
• _ ] S1S2 RABh , _ D S2 121b v+ ] S2RA5A7Bh , v+ S1 121c A-
,! ] S1S2RABh , –˘ S3 (retraced) 121d prA ] S1S2RABh , prA S3 (retraced) 122a
L# ] S2S3(retraced)RABh , я# S1 (unmetrical) 122b " ] RA3Bh , -
S1 , " # S2 (unmetrical) , " # S3 (retraced, unmetrical)
122c , ] S1S3(retraced)RA3A5 , ( )· · · S2 , , Bh (conj., unmetrical) 122d
! ] S2S3(retraced)ABh , ## S1 (i# part of col.) Col. 136 (in letter numerals)॥
+2"5 u"pr,॥ S1 , +2"5 #6!# ॥ S2 , ॥ +2()· · · S3 ,
i# +2"5 u"pr, , #+6 Bh
226
238
(239)
+2"5
227 "c#6 9
(c ।
u ।
%
9( (।
*T hm9 5 ( ( 9#॥ 1॥
5 u ।
> *
T hm9 (BC 9
( ।

( g 9( - pr%॥ 2॥
u ।
a dv^.я * T hm9 ।
>, % u( ( 9॥ 3॥
dv> (< (> >#।
5 ~ T 5 tt ~ ygY 0 #॥ 4॥
6v pr ktv (> ।
~ { pr 9я, #॥ 5॥
1a
]
R 4d VR ! ] VR#-A&5! R 5b ] (sr) R
1 speaker indication–2d ] om. A 3a 2я ] 2 A 3c 6+#A ] 6 #,-

A± 4b 9"H'"#M ] ""#M A3A5 , "'"#M A7 4c Ctt,, ] Ckt A3 , Ckt
A5 , A,2 A7 • _ ] A7 , _
A3A5 4d VR ] A3A5 , =o A7 • ! ]
A 5a ] A3 , A5 , A7 • ] A7 , A3A5 5b ]
A3A5 , A7 5cd & _ ] A3A7 , & _ A5 5d pr#5 ] A3A5 ,
pr5 A7
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 7.11a (f. 66v), 6.14a (f. 67r) and 6.13b (f. 67v);
S2 exposures 51b–52b (f. 59r–60r); S3 (up to 29 d 4) f. 64r–64v (f. 64r effaced and partly retraced;
one third lost to the right); S4 (from 30 d 7) exposure 15a (f. 65r); R f. 80v–81v; A3 f. 47v–48r; A5
f. 88r–89v; A7 f. 66v–67v
1speaker indication–b 8 S3 2(a 3) S2 3(a 1) S1, (a 2)a 3–d 8 S3 4(a 1–a 3, a 6–b 1, b 7, c 1–c 3,
8 1
c –d ) S3 4 6
5(a –a ) S3
1b 2 ] S2RBh , 2 S1 1c :hm5 ] S1S2RBh , :hm5 S3 (retraced) • C ] S1S2R
Bh , C S3 (retraced) 1d "'"5! ] S1S2RBh , "'"5 S3 (retraced) 2a
:
hm5 ] RBh (em.?) , : hm5 S1 , :hm5 S2S3 (retraced) • "G? ] S1S2RBh , "Gvv S3 (retraced)
2c " ] S1S2RBh , я" S3 (retraced) 2d 5"' ] S1R , 5 ' S2Bh , 5 ' S3
(retraced) • . ] S1S2RBh , S3 (retraced) 3b 's# ] RABh , ' IJ-
ac
# S1 , '-{ 'M S2 }# S2 3d u""5 ] S2RABh , u"{ S1ac }"{
ac
S1 }5 S1 4b 9"H'"#M ] S1R , "Hg"#M S2 , "H "#M S3 , "H"#M Bh (typo?) 4d
VR ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , (V S3 • ! ] S2S3 , S1 , Bh 5ab ]
S2Bh , G ##", v 'og S1 , ( ) #pr 'ktv "M, S3 (unmetrical)
5c # & ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , # dv, S1 5cd _ & pr#5 ] RA3Bh , _ vv-
pr#5#A S1 , _ &gpr#5 S2 , _ & pr#5 S3
227
239
(240)
+2"5
228 "c#6 9
(< ( 9h* r #।

(?+vllh* c | y #॥ 6॥
6v .h* dvя #।

B (prLM
;B ॥ 7॥
( ,
nn0 y ।
9 .h* + 9 ,
॥ 8॥
( LM я O ।
( O y #॥ 9॥
pr u ।
> ,% tt( ( я,#।
яpr%6 cc ( 6 %#।

B ,d ( ॥ 10॥
6a ' " '"A& R

] 6d o, ] o,c R 7a ,#s ] ,-
#,! R 7c "prIJ ] "prIJ! R 7d # ] ,# R 8a + ] Rpc , #+ !
Rac 10a ] R
6ab ] om. A7 6a " ] " A3A5 6b + g: ] + A A3A5 6cd ] om. A 7a

, ] A3A5 , A7 7b ,+ ] A3 , ,+ A5 , + A7 7c "pr-
IJ ] A3 , pr"IJ A5 , ""IJ A7 7d # ] # A 8ab ] om. A 9c ##
' , ] # g"nn{ nn A7} A 9d " #=# ] " #= A3A5 , " ,=
A7 10ab
,tt" ! ] ,dytt" A3A7 , , " A5 10e ] A3A5 , ' A7
6(b 1) S1, a 1–d 5(d 6–d 8) S3 7(a 1–a 3, a 7–b 2, b 5, b 7–b 8, c 2, d 3–d 6) S3 8d 5–d 8→ S3 9(b 8)
S1, ←a 1–d 8 S3 10(speaker indication syll.1)2–3(a 1–b 2)b 3–b 5(b 6–c 3) S3
pc ac
6a 6 ] S1 S2RA3A5Bh , (")H6 S1 6b &5+ g:#r ,! ] S2RBh , (&)#5+ gA-
#r S1 6cd "Qllg:,c o ] S2RBh , "Q g:,,+2 S1 7a ,#s-
pc ac
] A3A5Bh , ,# S1 (tops lost of ) , ,?# S2 , ,# S2 , ( , )#-
pc ac
S3 7b ,+ #dvя,! ] S2RA3Bh , ,+ #dvя S1 , ,+ #( ) S1 , ,(+ )
(#dvя) S3 7c 2 G ] S2S3RABh , 2 G2 S1 • "prIJ ] S2A3Bh , prIJ! S1 , pr"IJ
S3 7d # ] S1S2S3 , ,# Bh (conj.?) 8a Before this Bh adds #" । (conj.?)
pc pc
• + #" ] R Bh (conj.?) , vv + #" S1 , +{ + S2 }#'" +-

S2 , +#'" S3 8b 9#+nn b ] S1S2pc RBh , #+nn b S2ac , #+ a b
S3 8c &5 ] S2S3RABh , &#5 S1 9a "6#,IJ# ] S2RABh , "6#5IJ# S1 •
ac pc
,я! ] RABh , ,я S1S2 , ,я,! S2 9c ,2## ] S2RBh , ,2 ## S1 • '
pc pc
, ] S2RBh , 'nn S1 9d #b ,! ] S1RABh , #b ! S2 10ab ,tt" ] S1 S2 S3RBh ,
ac ac
,tt S1 , , " S2 10c cc#" ] S2RABh , c#" S1 , #" S3 (unmetrical) 10d
#2# ! ] S2S3RABh , #2#c S1 10e G# ] S2S3RABh , G#, S1 10ef d ]
S2pc S3RA3A5Bh , vv, S1 , (')d S2ac
228
240
(241)
+2"5
229 "c#6 9
( ।
( ky j
[ >।
, dC db!B?O ॥ 11॥
a( 9 kt( ( #।
,L ॥ 12॥
pr u ।
,
T h#।
O O ; (#॥ 13॥
6E y 6।
я ?! 9 ( , ॥ 14॥
(6O,
O
%$ dvя।
^. g (.%B ?LM # ^॥ 15॥
0 ? ! c. ।
h я(T
! ^॥ 16॥
11 #" ] #" R 11b j , ] jnn R 13a ] d R 13d ]
R 15a #" = # ] #" ¦ ++ +# R
11 #" ] #" A3A5 , #" u A7 11a ky ] A5A7 , kty A3 11b
, j ,N 9M ] ' j'N M A3A5 , ' j,, # A7 11d db(G ] A3 ,
! : A5 (unmetrical) , ! : A7 (unmetrical) 12a a"' 5 ] "c5 A3A7 ,
,"+ A, A5 12b " ! ] A5 , tt A3A7 12cd ] om. A 13ab ] {ud
A5(unmetrical)} ,#'
,tt A3A5 , ud
#'#' +dv( tt A7 (unmetrical)
14a + 'L ] ,! 'L{ hy A7} A3A7 (unmetrical) , #"'L A5
(unmetrical) 14d + ] hy A 15b A-+ ] A- M A • #dvя ] A3 , #dvя
A5 , #dvя A7 15cd ] om. A 16a , Q( ] , { , A3 , 5 A7} Q #
(
A± 16c–17d ] om. A
11a 6–d 8→ S3 12←a 1–b 4(b 5–b 8) S3 14b 5–d 8→ S3 15←a 1–b 8 S3 16c 5(c 6–c 7)
S2
11 #" ] em. Bh (silently) , #" S1 , #" S2 , #" u S3 11a ]
pc
S2S3RABh , = ! S1 • ky ] S2RA5A7Bh , kty S1 11b j ,N ] S2 , j ,-
N S1 , j
,#" S2ac , j,N Bh (conj.) 12ab kt ] S1S2pc RABh , kt
ac
S2 12d I ] S2S3RBh , I
S1 13a ] S1S3A3Bh , S2 13b
h ! ] S2S3R , "h S1 , "2 Bh (conj.?, in a note Bh suggests " ) 14a
+ 'L ] R , + 'L S1 , + L S2 , L
S3 (unmetrical) , + ,! M 'L Bh (conj.) 14cd 5 #" ] S2RABh , 5#g" S1
15c 2U ] S1S2RBh , 2V S3 • V ] S1S3R , U S2Bh • AG ] S2S3RBh ,
AG S1 15d 9# U ] S1pc S2pc RBh , # U# S1ac , # U S2ac S3 16a , ] R ,
ac
,{ , S1 }+ S1 , , S2S3 , , Bh (conj.) • Q
( ] S2S3RBh ,
pc ac
Q( S1 , Q(d) S1 16b #,c ] S1RA , #,c! S2 , #,c S3 (unmetrical) , #,c Bh •
# ] S2S3RABh , #+M S1 16c я",( ] S1RBh , ˘ (",)( S2 , я"Q( S3
(unmetrical) 16d # U ] S2pc RBh , # U S1S2ac S3
229
241
(242)
+2"5
230 "c#6 9
(B9, +,%B#।
,tpr> %/#॥ 17॥

+ ,9 ; %tt ।
y [ > %g h > #॥ 18॥
a> % , pt
।
O9(0 %B pr dvяtt#॥ 19॥
g %! ( T।
pr+ , , ॥ 20॥

6v 9( #।
a* TLM LM % hy#॥ 21॥
O9? ।
a. pr+
, *,0
pr।

;( ky - !g ; +॥ 22॥
pc
17a ] M R 18c NM Ag ] NM k R 18d #+M,! ] R , #+M ,!
ac ac pc
R (unmetrical) 19c " ] R , " R 20c ] R , ! Rpc
ac
20d -
+ ] tt
R 21c IJ2#IJ ] tt #IJ
+ ! + R 21d , ] Rac , nn Rpc 22d
#2 , ] #2 , ", R
18a 5 ] , A 18b +A ! ] + A ! A 18c Ag ] Ag A 18d -

#+M,! ] A3A7 , #+M ,! A5 20d–22a ] repeated in A5. 20d + ] A5A5∗A7 , tt

A3 21c IJ2#IJ ] tt #IJ{ IJ ! A7} A 22 #=5Q ]
u A 22a
∗
a , ] A3 , aA , A5A5 , a, , A7 22c ky ] A3 , ky
A5 , ky A7 22d (V ]
A3 , V A5 , =5 A7 • #2 , ] #2 ",, A3 (unmetrical) , #2 ", A A5 , #2
",, A7 (unmetrical)
17c 6–d 8→ S3 18←a 1–c 8 S3 19(b 3–b 5)b 6–c 5(c 6–c 8) S2 21a 1–d 8→ S3 22(b 5)b 6–
c 4 S2, ←speaker indication S3
pc ac pc ac
17a "G5 ] S1 S2RBh , "G(
) S1 , "Gi S3 17b ] S1S2S3 RBh , S3 18b ,-
] RABh , , S1 , , S2 • tt ] S1RABh , tt! S2 18c Ag ] S1Bh , A S2
ac
18d ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , { S1 } S1 (unmetrical) 19a aM ] S2RA
pc ac
Bh , aM S1 , aM S3 (unmetrical) 19b ] S1 S2S3RABh , S1 20a V ]
S1pc S2S3RABh , U S1ac • 9#+ ] S1RABh , #+,! S2S3 20b ] S1pc S2pc RABh ,
S1ac S2ac S3 21a 2 pc
+ ] S1 S2RABh , + S1
ac
21c a:& ] S2RABh , ag& S1
ac ∗
• #IJ ] S2R A3A5A5 Bh , #IJ ! S1 22 #=5Q ] S2RBh , #=5 u S1 22a a-
, ] S2S3RA3Bh , a S1 (unmetrical) 22b #,: , ] S1S2RABh , #,: , S3 22c
ky ] S2S3RA3Bh , ky S1
230
242
(243)
+2"5
231 "c#6 9

u ।

| % %#।
$
tt >॥ 23॥
% ( , ।
a, LM
Y ^ uL ॥ 24॥
c j + % ।
u
; pr
! 9( % $ ॥ 25॥
a я kt ,yя,।
e
v ,9 kt pr (॥ 26॥
i 6 5 B{ (,#।
%; c; , kt
h #॥ 27॥
23a Before this R adds 4 pādas reading (V ky , ky #2 #Avv ## । 2
ac
M"& , । • 2 o ] + (
dd){2
R } R 24c + ]
SM R 24d +IJ
R U uI ] +'Spr # R 25a #,c ] #,#c R 26d
" ] "
v R 27a i ] ic R
23 speaker indication–ab ] om. A5 23a Before this A3 adds 4 pādas reading (V ky ,
ky #2#Avv ## । 2 M"&
, । , and A7 adds =5 ky , ky
#2
#Avv ## । 2 M"& , । (unmetrical) 23c , 'tt ] 6n A
24a 9#" # ] # # A3A5 , # A7 (unmetrical) 24b ' ] '? A • # ]
A3A5 , # A7 24c + ]
A 25b ] A3A7 , A5 25c u
, ] u, A3A7 , u, A5 (unmetrical) • #pr
( ] A5 , #pr
( A3A7 25d 5" ]
A3A7 , 5 A5 26d " ] A3A7 , " A5 (unmetrical) 27a '2 ] 2 A3 , '2
A5 (unmetrical) , '2 A7 27c A, ] A3A7 , A, A5 27d 2 ] A
24a 3–d 8→ S3 25(c 3) S2, ←a 1–a 8 S3 27b 2–d 8→ S3
23a Before this Bh adds 4 pādas reading (V ky , ky #2 #A ## । 2
pc
M"& , । 23c 2-
, ] S2S3RBh , 2- nn S1 • 'tt ] S1S2S3 RBh , ',
S3ac 23d '2M, ] S2pc RABh , '2M, S1 , '2Mc, S2ac S3 24a A ] S2RABh ,
A S1 , A –˘ S3 24b # ] S1S2pc RA3A5Bh , # S2ac 24c a ] S1S2R
A , a Bh (conj.) • + ] S1 , + S2 , +
Bh (conj.) 25a Before this Bh
adds ,'2 u। (conj.?) 25b ] S1S2RA3A7 , S3 , V Bh (conj.) •
After this S1 and Bh add two pādas reading #=5" "#'L + " pr'"dy { S1ac }। 25c
#pr
( ] S1RA5Bh , #pr
( S2S3 25d 5" ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , 5"+'! S1 26c kt ]
S1S2pc RABh , kt S2ac S3 26d " ] S1S2A3A7Bh , " S3 (unmetrical) 27a i ]
S1S2S3A , i Bh (conj.) 27c A, 2c,kt ] S2RA3A7Bh , A, 2c, Dkt S1 27d
g! ] S1RABh , S2
231
243
(244)
+2"5
232 "c#6 9
+ 6
( + dy।

( , (
9 ~।
d dg9(> ॥ 28॥

%O yя, ।
9
v
;
%O ॥ 29॥

i mn pr> %O ।
g 9
;v , ktcO ॥ 30॥
u ।
6v > (nn hEя #।
9 , 9
v
( (BE #॥ 31॥

v hg pr j.,।
u +, 9 ॥ 32॥
28a 2 ' ] # R 29c + ] + vv R 29d , ] ,++ R

30b pr#M ] pr#d R 30cd ] om. R 31a vM #" ¦ ,! ] v #" ¦ M R
31b 'h ] 'h R 32c 5+! ] ,+! Rpc , ,! Rac
28a 2 ' ] # A3 , # A5A7 28b dy ] A7 , dy A3A5 28c

#" ] i #" A3A5 , i #" vv A7 28d ',_ ] A3A5 , ',_ A7
28e ,2d ! ] ,2 ! A3 (unmetrical) , ,2 ! _ 2 ! A5 (unmetrical) , -
nn2,! _ ,! A7 28f #+M ] A3A7 , #+M A5 29c +
] + A3 , +
A5 (unmetrical) , + A7 29d , ] , A3A7 , A5 (unmetrical)
30b A#=# ] A3 , A#=# A5A7 30c–32d ] om. A
28←a 1–b 6 S3 29(d 1–d 4)d 5–d 8→ S3 30←a 1–d 6 S3 (S4 starts from d 7) 32(b 4, b 7–
c 3)c 4–d 8→ S4
28a 2 ' "6 ] conj. , 2 ,

"6 S1 , c ' 2 "6 S2 , 2
"6 ' Bh (conj.?) 28c #" ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , #" S3 (unmetrical) 28d ',_ ]
S1pc S2pc RA3A5Bh , ,_ S1ac , ',_ S2ac S3 28e ,2d ! ] S2pc RBh , ,2d S1S2ac ,
pc ac
,2 _ S3 28f 5' ] S1S2 RA , 5 ' S2 , 5 ' S3 , 5 ' Bh
• #+M ] S1RA3A7Bh , #+M S2S3 29b #я ] S1S2RABh , #я S3 • After
this S1 adds two pādas reading 2G #,c я'##я । 29c 5 v ] S2S3RABh ,
5v S1 • +
] S2S3Bh , + S1 30b pr#M +' ] S1ABh , pr#M +' S2 •
pc pc ac ac
A#=# ] S1 S2 RA3Bh , A#=# S1 , A#= S2 30c V5v ] S2Bh , #,' -
V5v S1 31a ] S1S2Bh , S4 (unmetrical) 31b hLя,,! ] S1RBh ,
pc ac
hLя, S2 , hLя, S2 , hя, S4 (unmetrical) 31c &5,! ] RBh (em.?) , &i
S1 , &i S2 , &i S4 31d ,! ] S2ac S4RBh , S1 , S2pc 32a hV, ]
RBh (em.?) , hV, S1S4 , V, S2ac , (V, S2pc 32c 5+! ] S2pc , ,c S1 ,
ac
5+! S2 , h=5+! Bh (conj.) 32d , ] S1pc S2RBh , S1ac (unmetrical)
232
244
(245)
+2"5
233 "c#6 9

u ।
% 9( ./0
;v ,
।
a > $J >
; я ॥ 33॥
( c
9( c;
6 ।
c hy
+ ./0 pr ॥ 34॥
iLM
pr
v#।
y >C 6<
; ॥ 35॥
u ।
ekt % ।
u ; C %O 9 v॥ 36॥
i r ;% pr ;,
;।
LM g pr c ( . ॥ 37॥
6E
9 #।
я ,
,+
(< #॥ 38॥
33c a' M ] a + +M R 33d ] R 35b pr

v! ] -
pc ac
5v! R 35d 2 ] 2 R 36d 5v ] R , 5v R 37b ] A!
R
33 2 u ] ,'2 u A 33cd ] om. A 34a c ] A3A5 , + A7 34b

2 ] A3A7 , 2 A5 35b pr
v! ] 5v! A3A7 , 5v! A5 (unmetrical) 35c
] A7 , A3A5 • b'M? ] +b'M? A3A5 , =5 A7 35d H ] +-
A3 , A5 , ! A7 • 2 ] 2 A 36d 5v ] A3 , 5 v A5A7 37b
#A pr ] 5prA A3A7 , 5 pr A A5 37c +V ] r
U A3A7 , r
V A5
38a #L ] A3 , #hy A5 , #hy A7 38b 5 ] 2 A 38c ] A
33←speaker indication–d 8→ S4 34←a 1–a 5 S4 35d 6–d 8→ S4 36←speaker

indication–d 8→ S4 37←a 1–b 5 S4
33cd -D Mя ] S2Bh , -D aя'N S1 34a c ] S2S4RA3A5Bh ,

c S1 34b 2 ] S1S2pc RA3A7Bh , 2 S2ac S4 34c 2 ] S2S4RABh , 2 S1
34d ''pr ] S1pc RABh , 'pr S1ac , ''prя S2S4 35a ' ] S2pc S4RABh , '
ac pc ac
S1 , '! S2 35b pr v! ] S1S2S4 Bh , pr v S4 35c b ] S2S4RBh , b
S1 • 'M? ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , 'M S4 35d H 2 ] em. Bh , #,2,
S1 , Hc 2 S2 , H · · · S4 36b ', ] S2RABh , ', S1 36c ? ]
pc pc ac
S2RABh , vv S1 36d 5 v ] S1S2 R A3Bh , 5 v S2 37a #r' ] S2pc RABh ,
ac
' S1 , #r' S2 37b pr ] S1S2Bh , · · · S4 37c # ] S1pc S2S4RABh ,
ac pc
# S1 37d #prc ] S1S2RABh , #prc S4 38a ] S2 RA ,
ac
S1 , g S2 , g S4 ,
Bh (conj.) 38c я, ] S1S2pc RABh , я-
ac pc ac
, S2 S4 • ] S1S2 RBh , S2 , S4 38d "H ! ] S2RABh , H
S1 , "H S4
233
245
(246)
+2"5
234 "c#6 9

( - nn ,%
।
9 t >C ((prLM tn॥ 39॥
5 u ।
>C 9( * Thm (( ,(6LM।
> ( a s 0॥ 40॥
edv $( dv > >#।
tt r LM ,y #॥ 41॥
ekt 6 pr%, , pr я।
я ky . *0 ( 6 O6, #॥ 42॥
i ( 9
(c ॥ 35॥
39c ,25 ] ,2, R 40ab :hm+ ,! ] :hm,! +,! R 40d ap! ] Rpc , a –˘ !
ac
R 41a #dv+ ! ] #dv+ ! R 42b #, ] #vv, R 42c 2:, ]
#, # R 42d =2 ] 2 R Col. i# r&+2"5

b> 2,
, "c#6tt R
39c ,25 ] ,2, A3A7 , ,2, A5 • tM? ] ktyM? A3A5 , 'M? A7 39d #" ¦ "-
prIJ ] A3 , #" IJ A5 (unmetrical) , #" ,! ""IJ A7 40ab :hm+ #" ¦ " ] -,! #" ,!
"" A3 , -,! ,! #" ,! " A5 , : hm ,! #" ¦ ,! "D A7 40c + 6 ] A5A7 , + A3
40d ap! ] a-! A • & ] A7 , A3A5 41 ] om. A 42ab s
prA#, ] " 5 #, A3A7 , +2! prA#, A5 42c 2:, ] #, -
llA A Col. i# r&+2"5 e2&# sr # #g:2b> 2 pr, ,
"#6tt 9॥ 35॥ A± (A7 omits number)
39(a 1) S2, (b 5)c 1–d 8→ S4 40←speaker indication–b 8 S4 42c 3–d 12→ S4
39c ,25 ] em. Bh (silently) , ,2, S1S2 39d #" ¦ ,! ] S1RA3Bh , #" ,! S2 40b
pc ac
"IJ ] S2 RABh , "IJ S1S2 40c + 6 ] S2S4RA5A7Bh , + S1 40d a-
pc
p! ] S2R Bh , ap S1 , ap S4 41a #dv+ ] S1S2pc S4RBh , #dv S2ac 41c
'tt ] S2S4RBh , S1 42a Before this S1 adds G u। and Bh adds G u। •
kt ] S1S2RABh , kt S4 (unmetrical) • s ] RBh (em.?) , ' S1 , s
S2 , s S4 42b 2 ] S2S4RABh , S1 42c :, ] S2 , : S1 , ,
Bh (conj., in a note Bh suggests :) 42d ,,! ] S2RABh , ,,## S1 (i#
part of col.) Col. 39 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5 2 pr,॥ S1 , +2"5
"c#6!# ॥ S2 , · · · ॥ S4 , i# +2"5 2pr, , "#6
Bh
234
246
(247)
+2"5
235 ! #6 9
+{# ।
u ।
B{y nn
,
।
a c 5
я . ॥ 1॥
( , B (BE 0tt ।
y (g 6v i * T#॥ 2॥
O
я , ;v ,6#।
%d6 y% kk6॥ 3॥
( ।

; 6 ( 0,
%
।
pr ;v C ( ॥ 4॥
1d я,2
] 2
R 2c b "#V+ ,! ] u"#Vb R
1c a&, ] a, A 1d #, +6&я,2 ] #,r&2 A 2a #" ¦ ,! ] #"-

¦ ,!{ ,! A5} +c A 2b "GL ] A3A5 , g"Ghy A7 • tt ] ttM A 2cd b "#-
V+ v ] u"#V,,+M,! A± 3ab ] om. A 4a , ] {" A3} 2 A 4b
] A 4c ,+'pr ] A3A5 , ,+'pr A7
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.13b (f. 67v), 1.30b (f. 68r), 1.31a (f. 68v), 8.26b
(f. 69r, more than one third lost) and 8.25b (f. 69v); S2 (up to 33 b 2) exposures 52b (f. 60r) and 53
(f. 60v); S4 exposures 15a (f. 65r), 14b (f. 65v), 19b (f. 66r), 20a (f. 66v) and 17a (f. 67r) (more than
one third of f. 65–67 lost); R f. 81v–83v; A3 f. 48r–49r; A5 f. 89v–92r; A7 f. 67v–69r.
2d 6–d 8→ S4 3(d 7) S1, ←a 1–c 7(c 8) S4
1a #62G ] S2S4RABh , 2G S1 1c a&, ] S2pc RBh , a&, S1S2ac S4 • 2c,]

S1pc S2S4RABh , 2c, S1ac 1d я,2 ] S1S2S4 , 2 Bh 2a #" ¦ ,! ] S1S2RA3A7
Bh , #" ¦ S4 • G ] S1S2RABh , G S4 2b "GL ] S2S4RA3A5Bh , gprL S1pc ,
ac
g"GL S1 (unmetrical) 2c b "#V+ v ] em. Bh (silently) , b "#V v S1 ,
u"#Vbv S2 , u"#V bV S4 (unmetrical) 3a Before this Bh adds 2 u-
। 3c A#d+ ] S2RABh , A#d S1 •
] S2RABh , S1 , –˘ () S4 3d
pc pc
,#+ ] S1RABh , ,#+,! S2S4 • Akk ] S1 S2 RABh , A()(kk) S1 , A'2
S2ac S4 4 ] S1S2pc RABh , u S2ac S4 4a ] S2S4RBh , S1 4b A# ]
S2S4RABh , C,&,! ! S1 4c ,+'pr ] S1S4RA3A5Bh , ,+g S2 4d 2, ]
S2pc RABh , 2, S1S2ac S4
235
247
(248)
+2"5
236 ! #6 9
~
?9 ।
,9 y ( .,%#॥ 5॥
(
9 dy> ।
> pr(< 0 ॥ 6॥
ady +,sr 9 *B #।
(L ~ 6,tt *0 t ॥ 7॥
* pr 9 ( ।
a~ ,6 tt (
+ dy
॥ 8॥

u ।
( kt(BC 6+ ;।
> pr% dyO ;v C tt ॥ 9॥
5b ', Q5 ] "', Q5 R 5c + ] + R 5d " ]

pt R 6c "H ] "H R 7a sr#5 ] r#5 R 7c "I ] "H

R 7d +t ] ++' R • , # ] , "# R 8b ' ] "' R 9c dy= ]
dy+ R 9d tt ] ttM R
5ab ] om. A 5c + ]

+ A 5d " ] pt A3 , pt A5A7 6a
] A5A7 , + A3 6b #,! ] A5 , #, A7 , #, A3 (unmetrical) 6cd ] om. A
7a sr#5 ] A3A5 , r#5 A7 7b :G#, ] A3A7 , om. A5 (unmetrical) • #,
]
A5 , # A3A7 7cd ] om. A 8b ' ] "' A 8c _
] _ A •
tt! ] A3 , ¦ ! A5 , tt A7 9ab ] om. A 9c Ady=2 ] A+2 A
9d v? ] A5 , v A3A7 • tt ] ttM A7 , ttM A3A5 (unmetrical)
5(b 2) S1, c 2–d 8→ S4 6a 1–a 4(a 5, d 3) S1, ←a 1–b 5(b 6–b 8) S4 7(b 3) S1 8(b 6, c 5, d 4–
d )d → S1, c –d → S4
7 8 5 8 9←speaker indication S1, ←speaker indication–c S4 4
pc ac pc ac
5b ', ] S2 Bh , ', S1S2 S4 • Q5 ] S1S2 S4Bh , Q5 S2 5c

+ ] S2 , " S1Bh , · · · S4 5d " ] conj. , S1 , ! S2 , N Bh
(conj.) 6b dyM ] S2S4RA5Bh , dv S1 6c M ] S2S4RBh , + S1 • , ] S1S2
pc pc ac
RBh , , S4 (tops lost) • "H ] S1 S2 S4 , "H# S1 , "H S2 , "H
Bh (conj.) 6d , ] S1R , # S2S4Bh 7c "I ] S2S4Bh , "I# S1 • _]
S1RBh , _ S2S4 • tt ] RBh (em.?) , S1 , dvtt S2 , dv S4 (unmetrical)
7d : ] S1S2pc RBh , : S2ac S4 • +t ] S1S2S4 (++ ! +' in S4) , ++' Bh (em.?)
pc ac
8a : ] S1S2RABh , : S4 • pr#5, ] S1S2 S4RABh , pr#5, S2 (unmetrical) 8b
pc ac
6 ] S2S4RABh , ttR S1 • ] S1S2 RABh , S2 S4 8c _ ] RBh (em.?) ,
_ () S1 , _ S2 , _
˘ S4 • tt! ] RA3Bh , tt! S1 (unmetrical) , dvtt++
S2 8d "+ ] S1S2pc RA , "+ ,,! S2ac , " Bh (conj.) 9a "G? ] S1RBh ,
"G#+(!),! S2 9b , # ] S2RBh , 2, S1 9cd 2v? ] RA5Bh
(em.?) , 2v S1 , 2v! S2S4 • tt ] S2S4RA7Bh , S1
236
248
(249)
+2"5
237 ! #6 9
69 h m > ।

( ॥ 10॥
( , , %।
prя (O. ॥ 11॥
0 , c 6j c , > ।
,> O ॥ 12॥

+ ,9 0 ,L
।
0 , ^ h prя я % ॥ 13॥
0 , c c 6j (> > ।
(6%kt c , (9 9
॥ 14॥
10b m+M ] 2! R 10d

,! ]
R 11b ' ] '#g R 11c
#,' , ] #,'c R 13b I, , ] I, R 13c ] +g
R 13d я, ] я, R 14a c ] c R 14b '"#M ] '"M R
10b +M ] +Mc A3 , +M+ A5 , +M+ A7 10c , ] , A3A5 , , A7
• #" ] #" A 10d ,! ]
A 11ab ] om. A 11c ] A3 ,
A5 , A7 11cd , prя , ] "Gя , # A 12c , ]
A3A5 , ,
A7 (unmetrical) • ] ' A 12cd +M+ ] A3 , +M A5 , +M+ A7
13a 25 ! ] A3A5 , 25 ! A7 13b I, , ] ?{ g A7} 2Q , A 13c
] A3A5 , vv A7 (unmetrical) 13d A ] A7 , A A3A5 14ab ] om.
A 14d #" ¦ 5 ] A7 , #" 5 A3A5
11d 6–d 8→ S4 12(a 6) S1, ←a 1–d 7 S4 13(c 8) S2pc
pc
10a 5 ] S2S4RABh , 5 S1 10ab gm ] S2 ABh , g
pc ac
S1S4 , +g+2!+ S2 , g S4 (unmetrical) 10b +M ] S1pc S2ac S4 ,
ac pc ac pc
()+M S1 , S2 , Bh (conj., Bh reads S2 in S2) • ] S1 S2S4RABh ,
ac ac
S1 10c #" ] S2S4RBh , #" S1 10d ,! ] S1 ( ) , S2 S4 ,
pc pc ac
S2 , Bh (em.?) 11b ' ] S2S4 Bh , ' S1S4 11c ] S1S4A3Bh ,
pc ac ac pc
S2 • , ] S1 , S1 S2 , S2 Bh , , S4 (unmetrical) 11d prя ] S2S4R
Bh , prя,! S1 12c ] S1RABh , S2 12cd ,2 +M+ ] S2RBh , #,_ +M
S1 13a 25 ! ] S2S4RA3A5Bh , 25 S1 13b I, , ] S2S4Bh , gC , S1
pc pc ac ac
13c g2! ] S1 S2 RABh , g S1 , +g S2 , g S4 (unmetrical) 13d
pc
prя ] S2S4RABh , prя S1 • я, ] S2S4ABh , я, S1 • A ] S1S2 RA7Bh , A
S2ac S4 14a c ] S1S2S4 , c Bh (em.) 14b 2 j ] S1S2RBh , 2 j S4 •
'"#M ] S1S2S4 , '"M Bh (em.) • #+M ] S1RBh , #+M S2S4 14d ] S2pc RABh ,
ac
S1 , S2 S4
237
249
(250)
+2"5
238 ! #6 9
%d0,
,9 (
9 0 ।
я( kt % ,।

( (॥ 15॥
e+ pr% O ( ।
prj a6 ॥ 16॥
i
; %
T r, ।
pr 9
6 ॥ 17॥
ag g % h 0я ।
a ; ( я #॥ 18॥
agR (nn O h cc ।
a > O > ॥ 19॥
d , e 0 ।
d ~ tt ,9 ॥ 20॥
15d
] c R 15f #'" ¦+ ] ! #" + R • ", ] #, R 16cd ]
#2 prj prG c6 #2c,! R (unmetrical) 17a #2& A ]
& A
R 17b
r# ! ] r# R • ] g R 18b # ] #A R 18d я& ] я&
R 19a ag | 9 '"nn ] agdy+Lя+ ,prpt R 19c a', ] a', R
15a 9 A#d! ] . A# A7 , , A# A3A5 15c я#, + ] A3 , я#, + A7 ,
я#, A5 (unmetrical) • kt ] A3A7 , kt
A5 15d
] A3A5 , c A7
(unmetrical) 15f #'" ¦+ ] A3A7 , ! #" + A5 • ", ] , A 16ab ] om.
A 16cd ] 6 #2 pr# j 6 #2{ G A7} A (unmetrical) 17b ] A7 ,
A3A5 17cd ', ] pr#M, A 18a agg ! ] A3 , agg A7 , a ! A5
(unmetrical) 18c ,# ] A3 , ,# A5 , ,# A7 18d я& ] A3 , я& A5A7
19b hcc ] A3A5 , hc A7 19c a', ] a',{ , A5} A 20 ] om. A
15(b 6, e 5) S2, (a 3)a 4–e 7S4 17(d 3, d 8) S2, d 4–d 8→ S4 18←a 1–d 7 S4 20(c 4)c 5–
d 1(d 2)d 3–d 8→ S4
15a A#d! ] RBh (em.?) , A#d S1S2 , (A)· · · S4 15c kt ] S1ac S2RA3A7Bh , kt! S1pc
15d ] S1Bh , S2 • ] S2RABh , ,M S1 15f #'" ¦+ ] S1S2A3
A7Bh , #'" ¦ + S4 • ", ] S1S2Bh , ", S4 16b " ] S1S2RBh , " S4
pc
(unmetrical) 16c prj ] S1S4Bh , prj S2 16d 6 #2 ] S2 Bh , nn g
ac
S1 , g6 #2g S2 , 6 #2g S3 17a i ] S1S2pc S4RABh , ! S2ac 17b r-
# ! ] S1S2ABh , r# S4 17c # ] S2S4RABh , S1 17cd ] R , d
S1 , S2S4 , a Bh (em.) 17d ' ] S2RABh , ' S1 18b h-
] S2RABh , S1 • # ] S1ABh , #A S2 18d я& ] RA3Bh , я& S1S2
• ! ] S1RA , ++ r S2 , · · · S4 , ! Bh (em.?) 19a ag | ]
S1pc S4pc ABh , a
| S1 , ag | S2 , ag | S4
ac
• '"nn ] S2S4ABh , +"+nn S1
(unmetrical) 19b hcc ] S1S2S4pc RA3A5Bh , h S4ac 19c , ] S2S4A3A7Bh ,
, tt S1 19d =+ ] S2RABh , =+ S1 , = S4 • + ] S1S2
RABh , + S4 20a ] S1R , + S2ac S4 , + S2pc , Bh (conj.?)
20c +#d ] S2S4RBh , a+#d S1 • _ nn2 ! ] S2RBh , _ ,2 S1 , (_ )· · · S4
238
250
(251)
+2"5
239 ! #6 9
,9 c ,#।

,9 яB \.( 0 ॥ 21॥
u ।
e ( pr kt ।
+
,9 sr iB ॥ 22॥
( ।

।
kt
tt 0 , ॥ 23॥
6 ( > ,(।
ig ; я h p > 6+ я॥ 24॥
0 *0 я ।
( ( ॥ 25॥
a , O ( 6tt ।
r- 6- dg nn , ,॥ 26॥
22c sr ] r R 24b 2M ] 2M R 25a ' ] ' R 26b ]
',
R 26d nn + ] 'vv? r R
21a ] A5 , ! A3A7 21b # ! ] dg# A3A5 , g# A7 21c я G , ] A3 ,
я , A5 , nn, A7 21d #& ] A3A7 , ## A5 (unmetrical) 22a e ] A5 , e
A3 A7 22c sr ] r A 23a ' 2
] '2 A 23b &-
] &g A7 , & A5 , &pt A3 23c tt ] d #A A
24a +& ] A5 , g# A3A7 • "6 ] "6 A 24c–25d ] om. A 26a #= ]
A7 , tt#= A3 , #=# A5 (unmetrical) 26b ] ', A 26d nn
] { A5} A
21←a 1–d 8→ S4 22←speaker indication S4 23(b 7–b 8)c 1–d 8→ S4 24(a 7) S1, ←a 1–d 8
S4 26(c 4, c 6–c 8)d 1(d 2)d 3(d 4–d 8) S1, (d 4–d 5)d 6–d 8→ S4
21a 25 ] S2pc RA5Bh , '2+g+5 S1 , 25 25 S2 21b # ! ]

S1S2R , # Bh (conj.?) 21c # я G , ] RA3Bh , #dvя G i! S1 , # я6, S2 21d
pc ac
"2 ] S2RABh , "2. S1 • #& ] S1S2 RA3A7Bh , #& S2 22b ' ] S1pc
ac
S2S4RABh , (#C
,) S1 (unmetrical) 22c sr ] S2S4 , srG S1 , r Bh 22d ]
S2 RABh , S1S2 S4 23 ] S1S2pc RABh , u S2ac S4 23a ' ] RBh (em.?) , '-
pc ac
S1 , +'++ S2 , +' S4 23b , ] S1pc S2S4RABh , om. S1ac (unmetrical) 23c

! ] S2RBh , S1 24a , +& ] S1ac S2RA5Bh , ,+ –˘ ++& S1 (an illegible aks.ara
i.m., + possibly cancelled) • "6 ] S1RBh , "6++ S2 24c + я ! ] RBh (conj.) ,
ac pc
+' я ! S1 ? S2 , +' я, ! S1 ? 24d ' ] S2pc RBh , '! S1 , ( ) S2ac 25a #
, ] S1RBh , # S2S4 25c #" ' ] S1S2pc S4RBh , #" +' S2ac 26a #= ]
S1RA7Bh , tt#= S2pc S4 , tt#=# S2ac 26b "tt ] S2RABh , "tt S1 , "tt S4
26d nn + ] conj. , –˘ –˘ –˘ (+ ) S1 (upper parts lost, second aks.ara has subscript ) ,
nn+ S2 , nn ( ) S4 (upper parts lost) , nn+' Bh (conj.?)
239
251
(252)
+2"5
240 ! #6 9
( ।
( *Thm9 6g я ।

я + *
Thm ( ।
u ; /0 gj %O >॥ 27॥

pt , e -।
y kt * Thm 9 g ॥ 28॥
prnn .} ।
gj nn LM ( pr% ।
$
aj dy6 ॥ 29॥
a>;kt
;
;*T,hm . ( ।
u pr9 | ॥ 30॥
pr ctt t c ।
5 % 6 C ( ( pr >॥ 31॥
27e ,,! ] ,! R 28a pt ] Rpc , pt Rac 29a prnn ] pr+ R • ] -
g R 29d nn ] g
R 29f dy ! ] tt ! R 30a aM ] aM R • + ! ]
+ R
27 ] A3A7 , A5 27a :hm5 ] A3A7 , :hm5 A5 • V ] A3 , srV A5 , rV
A7 27c–f ] om. A 28a pt ] A5 , pt A3A7 • ] A3A7 ,
A5 28d V ]
A3A5 , =5 A7 29b ] G A 29d prA ] A3A5 , prA A7 29e '-+
] -+ A 29f ,dy ! ] ,'+ A3 , , + A5 , ,g A7 30a aMkt ]
aMkt { kt A3 , kt A5} A • + ! ] A3A7 , + A5 30d o ] A3A5 , o
A7 31a t ] A3A5 , nn A7 31c C#A ] 2 { A3A5} A
27(speaker indication–a 5)a 6–c 3(c 4–c 6)c 7(c 8–d 4) S1, ←speaker indication–f 6 S4 29
(d 2)d 3(d 4)d 5–f 8→ S4 30←a 1–d 6 S4
27 ] S1S2pc RA3A7Bh , u S2ac 27a :hm5 ] S2pc RA3A7Bh , (:hm) – S1 , :hm5 S2ac 27c
pc ac
9я ] RBh (conj., Bh reads я in S1S2) , –˘ –˘ ( ) S1 , я ! S2 , я ! S2 •
', ] S2RBh , () – –˘ S1 (last aks.ara has subscript u or 5) 27d ] RBh (em.?) ,
( ) S1 (upper parts lost) , ! S2 27e , ] conj. Bh , , { : S1ac } S1 ,
pc ac
, S2 28ab pt+ e ] R , pt : hm5 vv
'{ S1 } S1 , -
pc ac
pt+
e S2 (unmetrical) , pt e S2 S4 (or pt in S4, unmetrical) , pt
:
hm5
' Bh (em.?) 28c b ] S2S4RABh , b S1 28d :hm5 ] S1RA ,
:
hm5+ S2 , :hm5+ S4 , &,+ Bh (conj.?) • V+ ] S1RA3A5Bh , V+
S2 , V S4 (unmetrical) 29b ] S2RBh , + G S1 , S4 • , ]
S2S4RABh , , S1 29c j ] S1S2RABh , j S4 29d nn ] S1S2S4A , nn Bh
(conj.) • prA ] S1RA3A5Bh , prA S2 29e '-+ ] S2RBh , - S1 (unmetrical)
29f dy ! ] S2Bh , dy S1 30a kt ] S2RA7Bh , kt. S1 •
+ ! ] S2A3A7Bh , -
pc ac pc
+ ! S1 , + S1 30d o ] S2RA3A5Bh , 2 S1 • ] S2 RABh ,
S1 , g S2 , – S4 31a Before this Bh adds :hm । 31ab tc
#, , ] S2S4RA3A5Bh , 2Q =c&i g! S1 31cd ? ] S2S4RABh ,
S1
240
252
(253)
+2"5
241 ! #6 9

।

; j
dy
,6pr% ।
j pr ctt . (॥ 32॥
*
Thm ।
( ((6LM r
a [ >।
( j 0,j ? > ॥ 33॥
( ।
B,. (prLM
।
pr ctt 0 Cc g #॥ 34॥

R ( a s pr % ।
> C ( 9 0 ॥ 35॥
a> ./0j c ./0 > ; ।
( R % + pr ॥ 36॥
32d #ctt#, ] #c #, R (unmetrical) 33 :hm ] #" () R 33a "6,! ]
,! ),! R • "IJ ] "IJ ' R 33b r aN+M ] r NN+# R 33c
j ] j R 34 #" ] om. R 34b + ] + M R 34c ?c ]
gc R 35c M ¨, ] M ¨
, R 35d " 5 ] " R
32a ] A7 , A3A5 • , ] A 32d 2" ] A7 , 2" A3A5 33 :hm ]

#" u A 33b r a ] r N A 33c j ] A3A5 , j! A7 34 #"
] om. A 34a G ] G A3 , G A5 , G A7 34b "prIJ ] "prIJ
A3 , ""IJ A5A7 • + ] ,! + A3A5 , ,! + M A7 34d g,! ]

gc A7 ,
jc A3A5 35b ap ] a- A 35c M ¨ , ! ] M ¨ !
A 35d "5 ] A3 , " A5A7 36a–38b ] om. A
32c 7–d 8→ S4 33b 3–d 8→ S2 (f. 61 from b 3 lost), ←speaker indication–d 8 S4 36a 1–d 8→
S4
32 ] S2RABh , u S1 ,

u S4 32a ] S4RA7Bh , S1 , S2 32b
#dy ] S2S4RABh , pr,H ! S1 32d 2" ] S2RA7Bh , 2" S1 33 :hm ] em. Bh
(silently) , :hm u S1 , #" u S2pc , #" S2ac 33a +"6,! ] S1ABh , + "6! S2
33b r a ] conj. , r S1Bh 33c j ] A3A5Bh , j S1 34 #" ] em. Bh
(silently) , #" u S1 , #" u S4 34a G ] S1RBh , G S4 34b "prIJ ]
S4RBh , prprIJ S1 • + + ] S1RA3A5Bh , + + S4 34c pr#ctt#, ] S1R
ABh , pr#tt#, S4 • ?c ] ABh , gc S1S4 34d g ] R ,
S1 , g S4 , ,! g,! Bh 35b ap ] R , a- S1 , ap S4 , a-
p Bh (typo) • pr A ] RABh , pr A S1 , pr A S4 35c M ¨, ]
S1Bh , M M , S4 • '? ] S1RABh , ' S4 35d " 5 ] S1A3Bh , " , S4 36c
A ] RBh (em.?) , A S1
253
241
(254)
+2"5
242 ! #6 9

।
( B ( ।
;j , gj 6 5 #॥ 37॥

;kt
db!hm . ( ।
u
,
॥ 38॥
*
Thm ।
6

+ ,
।
c kt , ( 6 #॥ 39॥
(6 O ( 9 5 #।
%O B ( c ,॥ 40॥
hyO >।
e >-, (O - ( > ,॥ 41॥
(; ( ( ।
(6 ,9
॥ 42॥
B (
;j nn tt> ।
( B ( c ,॥ 43॥
38a kt
] kt! R 38c
]
! R 39 :hm ] #" R 39b ]
,, ! R 40a + ! ] a+ ! R 41a hy#= ] hy#"+! R 41d '"6 +M ]
'"6c R 43b j,,! ] j, , R 43c # # ] tt "& R
38c ,! ]

{ A3A5} A 39 :hm ] #" u A 39a ,-
, ] A5 , ,, ,! A7 , , ,! A3 39b ] ,, A 40a + ! ] a+ ! A 40b
"65 ] #" ¦ 5 A3A7 , #" 5 A5 41b 2M, ] A3A7 , 2M, A5 41c e2M. ] A3 , e-
2M A5A7 41d '"6 +M ] '"6+ A 42b "6+ + ] "6+ + { + A5} A
42c #' #" ' ] '{ ' A5 , dv A7} #" ¦ ,!{ ,! A5} "6 A 43ab ] om.
A 43c # # ] tt
"& A3 , tt "& A5 (unmetrical) , tt #" A7 (unmetrical)
37←speaker indication S4 38(d 7–d 8) S4 39speaker indication syll. 3–d 8→ S4 40←a 1
S4 41d 6–d 8→ S4 42a 1–a 4(a 5) S1, ←a 1–d 8→ S4 43←a 1–a 4(c 6–c 7) S4
37ab +2 "6 # ] RBh (conj.?) , +2 "6 # S1 , =2
"65 #,'C S4 (cf. 40ab) 37c ! ] S1pc RBh , ac
S1 , S4 • j, ] S1RBh , -
j, S4 38a kt ] S1Bh , kt! S4 • 6! ] S4RBh , 6 S1 38b #" ]
RBh (em.?) , #" S1S4 38c ,! ] S1RBh , S4 38d ] S1RABh ,
() S4 39 :hm ] em. Bh (silently) , :hm u S1 , #" · · · S4 39c ]
RABh , S1 39d ! ] RABh , S1 40b "65 ] S4RBh , "65 S1 41a hy ]
S4RABh , # S1 41b 2M, ] S1RA3A7Bh , 2Mc, S4 41c e2M. ] RA3Bh , e2'M S1 ,
e2M. S4 41d '"6 +M ] S4Bh , '"6M S1 42b "6+ + ] RBh (em.?) , "6+
S1 43a # ] RBh (em.?) , # S1 , –˘ # S4 43b j,nn ] em. Bh
(silently) , j, , S1 , jnn, S4 43c #" ] S4RABh , #" . S1
254
242
(255)
+2"5
243 ! #6 9
( ( Eя ( ( ।

(
+
;% (
॥ 44॥

*
Thm9 r > dv।
( (((

॥ 45॥

(% dy pr *. ।
(
;g
;<M 5 > ॥ 46॥
(c T

T я ।
v я
dd
nn \. pn #॥ 47॥
e % kt % p%
#।
†a*dv †

c ( (
#॥ 48॥
e ktv

9 ।
> яp*T,hm9 ,॥ 49॥
( ।
> ( nng।
c
(c pr6 ॥ 50॥
( % (BE ( % #।
(
*
T
B
॥ 51॥
44a "# ] # R 44c ] R 45d '" ] ' , " R 46d CM ]
pc ac
C R 47c 9#,v ] #,U R 48a #A ] #A R 49b
+ ] R , R
pc ac
• 5 # ] R , 5# R 49d ] # R 50a M ] M R
50c c , ] c R 51b , "# ] , "# R
44b я,' ] я,c A3A5 , яc A7 • #" #" ] A3A7 , #" A5 (unmetrical)
44c–53b ] om. A
44(d 4–d 6)d 7–d 8→ S1 45←a 1–d 8→ S1, a 6–d 8→ S4 46←a 1–d 4 S1, ←a 1–b 6 S4
47a 4–a 8(b 1)b 4 S1 48a 1–d 8→ S1, (b 2)b 3–b 4, b 7–d 8→ S4 49←a 1–d 8 S1, ←a 1–b 8 S4
51a 5–d 8→ S1, b 7–d 8→ S4
44a +я! ] RABh , + S1 , + +я! S4 44b #" ] S1RA3A7Bh ,

#" S4 44c ] S1Bh , S4 45ab ] R , + :hm· · · S4Bh 45cd ] (R),
Bh conjectures loss of two pādas. 45d '" ] conj. 46ab ] R , · · ·: S4Bh 46d
CM ] em. Bh (silently) , CM S1S4 47c 9#,v ] S1Bh , #,V S4 47cd яdd
,! ]
RBh (em.?) , я S1 , я ,! S4 47d 'S ] S1R , 'S S4Bh 48b
#,A)A ! ] R , () –˘ –˘ A ˘ –˘ S4 (right side of lost) , · · · Bh 48cd ] R ,
Bh conjectures loss of two pādas. 49ab ] Rpc , Bh conjectures loss of two pādas. 49c
я)! ] RBh (em.?) , я) S4 50 ] RBh (em.?) , u S1 , u S4 50a M ] S1 ,
pc ac
M S4Bh • ] S1RBh , S4 • ' ] S1 S4RBh , M S1 50c ] S1RBh ,
S4 50d pr& ] RBh (conj.) , pr& S1S4 • 2 ] S1RBh , 2 S4 51b ,
"# ] S4 (or #) , ,# Bh • A ! ] R , – – Bh 51cd ] R , Bh conjectures loss
of two pādas.
243
255
(256)
+2"5
244 ! #6 9
u ।
ektя 9tt।
pr9 pr j.%,B (* T#॥ 52॥
edy> kt 6 %#।
(((6 ,+ h#॥ 53॥
%B i hy pr LM 9
v ।
e
prnLM > dvяtt ॥ 54॥
( ।
% pr
v।
% pr 9 >C 5 s LM॥ 55॥
*
T
B dv > O d ।
r %B > kt > *.#॥ 56॥

u ।
% ~ (klg ?9।
a j
,+ ॥ 57॥
52b tt ] ,2 R 53c "+" ] "+" R 53d ] a R 54a hy ]
hy R 55d p '#IJ# ] p # "IJ# R 56a , 9#+ ] ,#+ R 56b
2M#= ] 2M#=# R 57b #klV ] 2V R
53c "+" ] "+" A 54a hy ] A3A5 , L A7 54c #IJ# ] #V # A3A7 ,
#V # A5 (unmetrical) 54d tt ] tt A3A5 , tt A7 55b pr v ] A3A5 ,
pr
v A7 55cd ] om. A 56a #dv# ] #dv# A7 , #dv2 A3A5 • , 9#+ ] #+
A3 , ,#+ A5 (unmetrical) , , A7 56b 2M#= #d ] 2M#=# #dvA A 56c
, ] , A 56d #kt ] A3A5 , #kt A7 57b #klV ] A3A5 , #oV A7 57c
a # j ] a { A7} r# j A 57d , , ] , A3A5 , , A7
52←speaker indication–d 3(d 4) S1, ←speaker indication–b 5 S4 54a 6–d 8→ S1, (a 1–
a 2)a 3–a 5(a 6)a 7–d 8→ S4 55←speaker indication–b 2(b 3–b 4)b 5–d 1(d 2–d 3) S1, ←speaker
indication–b 4 S4 56d 7–d 8→ S4 57a 1–d 8→ S1, ←speaker indication–d 8→ S4
52 ,'2 u ] R , om. Bh 52ab ekt+ я+& 2 5 ] R , · · · Bh 52b
tt ] S4Bh 52c prj#! ] RBh (em.?) , prj# S4 52d #" ¦ ,! ] RBh (em.?) , #" ¦ S4
pc ac
53a dy ] S1 S4RBh , dy S1 • ] S4RBh , S1 53d ] S1pc S4RABh ,
ac
" S1 54a AG i ] RABh , tt –˘ S1 , () –˘ –˘ –˘ –˘ –˘ S4 • hy ] A3A5
Bh 54b prIJ 5 v ] RABh • After this Bh conjectures loss of two pādas. 54c
#IJ# ] R , #V # Bh 54d tt ] R , tt Bh (Bh adds (?)) 55b pr v ]
RA3A5Bh , –˘ v S4 55d Cp ' ] conj. , –˘ –˘ ( ) S1 (upper parts lost, second
aks.ara has subscript !) , Cp ' S4 , Cp t Bh (conj.?) 56a , 9#+ ] S4Bh ,
,#+ S1 56c , ] S4R , a, S1 , N, Bh (conj.) 56d M#kt ] S4RA3A5Bh ,
ac
V{( ) S1 } #" S1 • M:! ] RA , M M S1 , M ˘ –˘ S4 , M M! Bh • After
this Bh conjectures loss of two pādas. 57b #klV ] A3A5Bh 57c a # j ] R , a
r# j Bh (em.?) 57d , , ] R , ,! Bh
256
244
(257)
+2"5
245 ! #6 9

+ t .% > |#।
C r LM ( -B.
॥ 58॥
hpr 9 r ।
(

> ; y ॥ 59॥
> ( я ,
> > ।
; . L ।
ktc tt^

>
(॥ 60॥
e, +
9
9 > >#।
> prj ( -B. ॥ 61॥
(!(
vpr
>,t #।
k( ( kt pr T #॥ 62॥
( 9
+{#tt ॥ 36॥
59c ' ] "' R 60ab я ' ] я "' R 61c prj ] prj R 61d
2. G ] 2.G R 62a
"( ] "- R • v
] v5 R 62b 2 ! ]
2 " R 62c "" ] R 62d pr# ] om. R (unmetrical) • #' -
! ] #dvQ ## R Col. i# r&+2"5 b>
#" prn , ! #6
R
58a ] A7 , ' A3 , ' A5 59a #2 ] #2' A7 , 2&'? A3A5 59b
#2gpr5 #2 ] A3A7 , #2pr A5 (unmetrical) 59c ' ] "' A3A7 , "' A5
(unmetrical) 59d #b ] A3 , #b A5A7 60a " ] N A3 , D A5 , -
+ A7 60b ' ] I A 60ef ] om. A 61cd prj " 2. G # ]
prj+ { prj A5 , prj A7}'? #+
5 A 62ab "(#" v
pr
]
ac pc
# { A5 , ()"# A7 , ,"# A7 } #" v
A± (unmetrical) 62b 2 ! ]
2 A 62c ] '# #2#" ,kt A3 (unmetrical) , '# #2#"" nnkt A5
A7 (unmetrical) 62d #' ! ] #dvMC ## A (unmetrical) Col. i#
r&{i# A7}+2"5 e2&# sr # #g:2b> #" prn , ! #6tt 9 A±
(A3 and A5 add 36)
58←a 1–b 2(b 3, c 7)c 8(d 1–d 2) S1, ←a 1–a 7 S4 59(d 2)d 3–d 8→ S4 60a 1–b 2(f 2) S1, ←a 1–
f 4 S4 61(b 7–b 8)c 1–d 8→ S1 62←a 1–c 7(c 8) S1, c 6–d 10(d 11–d 13) S4
pc
58c '? ] S4RABh , 'vv S1 (tops lost) 58d 2. G ] S1 S4RABh , 2. G S1 59b
#2gpr5 ] RA3A7Bh , +#2+gpr5 S1 , #2pr5 S4 • r ] RA3A7Bh , r ! S1 ,
r S4 59c " ] RABh , " S1S4 • ' ] S4Bh , y S1 (y retraced or
corrected) 59d #b ] RA3Bh , #b S1 (visarga possibly lost) • After this Bh
conjectures loss of 4 pādas. 60a " ] R , N Bh 60b ' ] conj. , · · · S1 ,
I Bh (Bh adds (?)) 60c #2 ] RABh , #2 ! S1 60f ] S1R , · · · S4 ,
Bh (conj.) 61c prj ] em. Bh (silently) , prj S4 62b pr ] RBh (em.?) ,
pr
S4 62c "" ] conj. , – – Bh • kt ] S1R (or kt in R) , kt Bh
(Bh possibly reads thus in S1) 62d ] S1pc Bh , S1ac (unmetrical) • ! ]
Bh , ## S1 (i# part of col.) , – (## ) S4 (i# part of col.) , Col. 64 (in letter
numerals)॥ +2"5 2 H(pr)A)
॥ S1 , ॥ · · · S4 , i# +2"5 2A)
, ! #6 Bh
245
257
(258)
+2"5
246 pt#6 9
pt ।
u ।
( pr^ pr।
,9 s > 5 ॥ 1॥
( ।
a
я ( , . r।
> O t t h#॥ 2॥
u ।
, pr+
, V ।
u
t 9tt#॥ 3॥
1b pr# U + pr# ] #" prA! R 3a #pr

] #pr
! R 3b ] '
R
1 ,'2 u ] A3 , om. A5A7 1b pr# U + pr# ] #" prA A 2a a ]
ann A • "6 ] A3A5 , "6 A7 3b ] A • , ] A7 , :
A3A5
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 8.25b (f. 69v), 1.26a (f. 70r, large piece of the
middle section broken off), 1.25b (f. 70v) and 6.13a (f. 71r); S2 (from 9 e 1) exposures 54–55b
(f. 62r–63r); S4 exposures 17a (f. 67r), 16b (f. 67v), 16a (f. 68r) and 15b (f. 68v) (one third of f. 67
and 68 lost); R f. 83v–85v; A3 f. 49r–50r; A5 f. 92r–94r; A7 f. 69r–70v.
1c 6–d 8→ S1, ←speaker indication–b 8 S4 2←a 1–d 8→ S1 3←speaker indication–syll.
2? S1, (a –a )a –b , c –d → S4
4 7 8 7 6 8
1b pr# U ] Bh (conj.) , pr# U S1 1d C ] RABh , C S4 2a "6 ] S4pc RA3
A5Bh , "6 S4ac 2b ] RABh , S4 (unmetrical) 2c 2M#=# ] S4RA ,
2M#=# Bh (typo) 3a ] RABh , S1S4 (unmetrical) 3b ] em. Bh
(silently) , { S1ac } S1 • , ] RA7Bh , ', S1 , · · ·, S4 3c ]
S1RABh , S4 3c t ] RABh , ' S1
246
258
(259)
+2"5
247 pt#6 9
, ।
9
v
69 pr, ।
, ,pr 9% ॥ 4॥
pr> r . .।
dv ). 6 .B॥ 5॥
h%( c>,c a( (।
> ;9 +^ ptc [ ~॥ 6॥
ag (dm i (dm> (।
- c; - e ॥ 7॥
dv c > ।
e uLMY c > (
॥ 8॥
4a ] Before this R adds 14 pādas reading 2

, -'"# ,25। 'D#g: #tt+
"# =+' #,। #2 dy ,A& #c +'#nn!। 2&+ _ ,2 r# Q5।
+ | tt&5 "Q ""-। ,! v t "v r ,2>!। a + 2M#=#
Mprj Mr । • 5v 5 ] 5v
5 5 R 4c ] b R 8b
+ M ] "+ " R 8d uIJRc ] uIJRc R
4a ] Before this A adds 10 pādas reading 2 , -'"# ,25 । 'D#g: -

#tt+ "# =+' #,। #2 dy ,A& #c +'#,!। 2&+ _ ,2
+ 2M#= Mprj Mr !। ±
pc
r{ 2+' A7 }# Q5। • 5 v 5 ] 5
-
v ' 5{ , A7} A 4c ] A5A7 , A3 4d ] A5A7 , A3 5b
] ,{ , A3} A 5c ; ] A3 , ; 2 A5 (unmetrical) ,
A7 6a c M ] A3A7 , om. A5 (unmetrical) 6b , 9" ] + " A3A7 , +
A5 (unmetrical) 6d N _, ] N A3A5A7ac , N A7pc 7a aV ] A3A7 ,
aV A5 (unmetrical) 8a dvc ] A3A5 , dvc A7 (unmetrical) 8b + + M ]
{ A5 , A7}+ "+ A 8d uIJRc ] A7 , 6cc A3A5
4(c 4–c 6)c 7–d 8→ S1, ←speaker indication–b 6 S4 5←a 1–d 8→ S1 6←a 1, a 4–a 6(a 7)a 8–
c S1, d –d → S4
2 1 8 7←a –c S4
1 4 8a –d → S1
1 8
4 ] RABh , g u S1 4a ] Before this Bh adds 10 pādas reading 2 ,
- ! "# ,25 । 'D#g: #tt+ "# =+' #,॥ #2 dy ,A& #c +'-
#,!। 2&+ _ ,2 r# Q5॥ + 2M#= Mprj Mr !। • 5 ]
S1 , 5 Bh 4b ,2 ] RABh , ,2 S1 •
pr2&# ] RABh , 'pr2&#tt S1 ,
· · ·#tt S4 4c ] A5A7Bh (em.?) , S4 5b ] RBh (conj.) , :-
S4 5c , ] RABh , , S4 6c U ] S1RABh , U S4 7a aV ] RA3A7Bh ,
aV S1 (unmetrical) 8a dvc ] RA3A5Bh , dvc S4 (unmetrical) 8ab , + ]
RBh (conj.) , ,+ tt S4 8d uIJRc ] S4A7 , uIJRc Bh (typo?)
247
259
(260)
+2"5
248 pt#6 9
e
; LM Y hyg-
( , ।
uLMY + r %v।
i+ r + hy+ ,॥ 9॥

+ y 9 (
( ,9 ।
%
$ cc ( ( | + pr}
॥ 10॥
pr 9 9
ky kt ।
% ,9 $ pr(< ॥ 11॥
, pr(< ।
$9( ( pr(< > LM 6 9
5 ॥ 12॥
( ~ O6
,9 ।
?9 pr(dy॥ 13॥
~ T * я6#।
*B/ dy , ॥ 14॥
9a + IJ R ] + IJ R R 9c uIJR ] uIJR

R 9e '#r ] , #r R 10b
,¦5 ] ,5 R 10c A ] A R 10d o+ pr ] ody prtt R 11c #A-
' ! ] #d ! R 12a ,2 9# ] ,2 # R 12c pr"H# ] pr5H# R 12d
M IJ 5 ] IJ R , R 13a ,2 ] ,2 R 13b =2 & ] 2 & R 13c '-
, ] "', R 13d pr"dy ] pr"H R 14cd ,,,dy + # ] ,,!
' agA R
9 ] om. A 10b ,¦5 "" , 25 ] ,5 ""25 A3A7 , ""25 A5 (unmetrical) 10c
A
-cc ] A3A7 , A
A -cc A5 (unmetrical) 10d pr ] prtt A 11a 5
]
ac pc
5
A3A5A7 , 5 , A7 11b , ky ] ky A (unmetrical) 11c #A' ! ] A3A7 ,
#A' ! A5 11d - ] A7pc , - A3A5A7ac 12 ] om. A 13a "# ] " A3 ,
ac
"# A5A7 13b =2 & + , ] =2# '
, A3 , =2 &'
, A5 , =2 &'{ + A7 ? }, A7
13c ', # 2Q5 ] "', # 25 A 14c–15b ] om. A
9←a 1–d 5(d 6) S1, ←a 1–d 8 S2, e 4–f 8→ S4 10d 1–d 8→ S1, ←a 1–c 7 S4 11←a 1–d 8→
S1 12←a –c S1
1 7 13a –d → S4
1 8 14a –d 8→ S1, ←a 1–a 3 S4
1
9b 2&# ] RBh (em.?) , 2&#tt S4 9d A &v ] RBh (em.?) , · · · –˘ &v S1 , A &v

S4 9e '#r ] S2 , '#r S1Bh 9f hy ] S2RBh , hy6 S1 • 2&# ] S1RBh ,
pc ac
2&#tt S2 10c A ] S2 A3A7Bh , A S1S2 • -cc ] S2RA3A7Bh , -c S1 11a
5
] R , 5 , S2S4 , 5
Bh (conj.?) 11c #A' ! ] S2pc A3A7Bh , #A' S2ac S4
12a ,2 ] conj. , ,2 S2S4Bh • 9# ] S2 , # S4 (unmetrical) , "# Bh (conj.)
12b pr"H# ] S2pc RBh , prH# S2ac S4 12c "" ] S2pc RBh , "" S2ac S4 12d
pc ac
9C ] S2 S4RBh , C S1 , C S2 13a "# ] S2RBh , "# S1 13c 9# -
2Q5 ] RBh (em.?) , #" 2Q5,! S1 , # 2Q5 S2 14b я, ] S2pc S4RABh , я S2ac
(unmetrical) 14c ,, ] conj. (cf. R) , ,, S2S4pc , , –˘ , S4ac , ,, Bh
(conj.)
248
260
(261)
+2"5
249 pt#6 9
6 %B ।
a ( , >
; ,
॥ 15॥
e , hypr [ y ।

?9 ( (
(॥ 16॥
pr(<
( (LMnn ,।
dv
9 kt dvL
॥ 17॥
e
, hy c $ 5 ।
+ (s я; 0 ॥ 18॥
. (я, ( y।
> ;LM 6 9 % ~॥ 19॥
6 ( ( ,9 $ g।
5 0 kt kl
я ॥ 20॥
15ab AG ', ] AG "&y, R 16a ] vv R 16b #b ] #b R
16c ' ] "' R 17a pr"H "## ] a"H { Rac } "# R 19ab 2-

, ",я ] 2
, ",я #nn' R 19cd ] M " # _ #++ IJ R 5= "#gA R 20c
C# ] C# R
15c # ] A3A7 , # A5 • ' ] A7 , t A3A5 17a pr"H "## ] "H
#{# A7} 6 A 17b "##IJnn ] "##' A3A5 , "##nn! A7 19ab ] om. A
19c 3–21c 6 ] repeated in A5. 19cd ] { A7}M " # _ #++ ! 5 hy{ = A7}"
#A A± 20b - ] - A • , ] A 20cd ] om. A
15←a 1–b 2(d 3) S1 16b 7–d 8→ S4 17(a 8) b 1–d 8→ S1, ←a 1–b 8 S4 18←a 1–a 5(a 6) S1
19(b 6) S1, (d 8) S2, d 3–d 8→ S4 20(c 2)c 3–d 8→ S1, ←a 1– d 5 S4
15b ', ] S4Bh , · · ·, S1 , "', S2 15c a # ] S1pc RA3A7Bh , a#
ac
S1 , a#! S2 , a # S4 • ",' ] S1S2RA7Bh , ", )' S4 16a ] S2
S4ABh , vv S1 16b #b ] S2A , #b S1Bh , · · · S4 16c ' ] S1A , '
S2Bh • After this S1 adds 2 pādas reading , 2#c#+(#)+dy । , 2Q5 , Bh adds
2 pādas reading , 2#c# #dy ॥ , '2Q5 (conj.) 17a pr"H ] S1S2 , pr"H Bh
(conj.) 17c ] S2RABh , S4 (unmetrical) 18a ,2 ] S2RABh , · · · – S1 ,
pc pc
,2 S4 18b hy, c ] S2S4RABh , hy, ) S1 • C ] S1 S2 RABh , C
ac ac
S1 , C S2 S4 18c p, ] S2S4RABh , p, S1 18d я, ] S1pc S2RABh ,
ac
я, S1 S4 19ab 2 , ",я " # ] S2S4Bh , 2 ", я "#M#A "#M S1 19c
IJ ] S2S4Bh , IJ S1 19d ,_ ] S2Bh , ,_ S1 20a ""#, ] S2RABh ,
""#5 S1 20b , ] S2RBh , S1 20c kt ] RBh (em.?) , kt S2 20d
+ , ] S2R , · · ·,,! S4 , + ,G,! Bh (conj.?)
249
261
(262)
+2"5
250 pt#6 9
B
;, (
;*,dv y।
+9 (> 6 6॥ 21॥
a ; D{
;c ।

>(k;c hy ॥ 22॥
++ ,+ pr(%dy
(।
kvcc (.+
,9 , ॥ 23॥
%nn я ( * B?*0।
6O
B ;c ( D{%!, ;।
( y %dy
; ll%c * ॥ 24॥
e *0 ;
,y
; (>% pr% ।
kl pr pn #॥ 25॥
21a "! ] ""! R 21b &# ] &" R 21c #5 ] # , R

21d #2 2# ] #2 '#A R 22c "kc ] ++2&5 R 23b pr" #Ady ] pr #-
R 24a я, ] я, R 24f ll&#Ac ] :##Ac, R 25b "#M#A ] "#
R 25c kl
! ] kl
,! R
21a G ! ] A3A5∗A7 , G"! A5 21b :dv ] : { dv A3ac ? } A3A5∗ , :hv A5 , :d

∗ pc ∗ ac
A7 21c # 5 ] A3A5A5 , # , A7 • "M ] A3A7 , M A5A5 A7 22b + + -
ac
] A3A7 , + A5 (unmetrical) 22c #+M ] c A3A5 , c A7 , c
A7pc • "kc ] c A3A7 , c A5 (unmetrical) 23b pr" #Ady ", ] pr "#V -
,{ A7} A3A7 , pr #dy ", A5 23cd ] om. A 24ab ":GQ ] "" uQ
A3A5 , ""GQ A7 24d #A( ] #A A3A7 , #A A5 24e "y ] A7 , "dy
A3A5 24f ll&#Ac ] :##Ac#" A 25ab ] om. A 25c , 9 ] , A
• kl
! ] A3 , kl
,! A5A7 25d ,! ] A3A5 , , A7
21←a 1–b 4(b 5) S1 22d 1(d 2) S1 23(d 3) S1, a 1–d 8→ S4 24(a 1–a 8)b 1–c 6(c 7) S1, ←a 1–
a 2 S4 25(b 5–b 6)c 3–c 4 S1, d 1–d 8→ S4
21a G ! ] S2RA3A5∗A7Bh , G S4 • "! ] S2ABh , " S4 21c #

5 ] A3A5
A5∗Bh , # ac
, S1 , #
pc
, S1 S2S4 21d #2 2# ] ABh , #2 2# S1 , #2 2# !
S2 , #2 2# S4 22a a ] S2S4RABh , a S1 22b #, ] S2S4RABh ,
#, S1 22c 2#+M ] S2S4R , 2 dy#+M S1 , 2 Lя#+M Bh (conj.) 22d
pc ac
hy, ] S2 RA , –˘ (hy), S1 , hy, S2 S4 , #hy, Bh (conj.) 23a ] S1pc S2RA
Bh , () S1ac 23b pr" ,! ] S1Bh , pr" ! S2 23c cc " ] S2RBh , cc '" S1 24d
2> #2#A! ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , 2> #2#A S4 24e "y ] RA7 , "' S1 , "y S2S4 , ' ,
Bh (conj.?) 24f ll&#A ] S1S2Bh , &#A S4 25a e ] S1S2RBh , e S4 (unmetrical)
25ab 2b "#M#A ] S2RBh , 2b "(#M#A) S1pc , 2 b "(#M#A) S1 ,
ac
ac pc
2 b "#M#A S4 (unmetrical) 25b prA ] S2S4 RBh , prA S1S4 25c 9 ] RBh
(em.?) , S1S4 , S2 • kl
! ] A3 , kl
S1 , kl,! S2Bh , kl
S4 25d ,! ]
S2RA3A5Bh , , S1
250
262
(263)
+2"5
251 pt#6 9
pr [ B j ।

pt( h r 5 , 6#॥ 26॥
p,?9 B ,c #।
$9 ,яB *T
, 6#॥ 27॥
ukt % c
; pt
।
( tt, ,( hy0 ॥ 28॥

;c }9 ;
T
;c > (v0
;।
%( .;, dg
;c a%,~,
0;॥ 29॥
(~; ( ;c k;gk;,. (.
;।
.;c . ;c; $ (g
; ॥ 30॥
26a ] R 27b ,! ] ,, R 28a c ] c R 28c #," ' ] +"+ &-
'R 29c dgc ] Rac , dgc Rpc 30b fVk " ] f 2k " R 30c
ac pc
] R 30d #"V , ] "#V R ,
, R
26ab ] om. A 27a 9#),! ] A7 , #),! A3A5 27b ,! ] ,, A3A5 , ,
A7 27c я G , ] A3A5 , G , A7 27d : ] A3A7 , A5 28cd ' "-
] ' hyGd" A 28d hy# ] hy b A 29a ] A3A7 ,
A5
(unmetrical) • &5
] A7 , &5 A3 , &5

A5 29d a##A&_, ] w#V#A
&_A
, A3A7 , w##A &ptA, A5 30a "#_ ] A5A7 , "#dy A3 30b Vk " ]
c kl{ c2G A7} '" A 30c–31b ] om. A
26(b 7–b 8, d 1) S1, ←a 1–c 8 S4 27(a 8–b 4)b 5–b 6(b 7–b 8) S1, ←a 1–a 8 S4 28d 2–d 8→ S4
29a 1–a 3(a 4) S1, (c 5–c 7)c 8 S2, ←a 1–d 2 S4 30(d 4, d 6) S2
26a ] S2Bh , S1 (unmetrical) 26d rC ] S1pc S2S4RABh , (AG)rC S1 27a

pc
9#),Q5 ] S2RABh , #),Q5 S1 (tops of lost) , #),Q5 S4 • ] S2 RABh , (G)
S1 , S2ac S4 27b ,! ] S1S4Bh , ,,! S2 27c 5 ] S2RA , 5+ 6 S1Bh , 5
S4 (unmetrical) • я G , ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , я G , S4 27d : ] S2S4RA3A7Bh ,
:
S1 • 2 '2 ! ] S2S4RA , '2 2 S1Bh 28c #," 'tt ] S2S4 , #,"' a'
S1 (unmetrical) , "' att Bh (conj.) 28d " ] S1RBh , " S2 , · · · S4
• hy# ] S1RBh , N#++ S2 29b cM ] S2RABh , c" S1 • "v ]
S2RABh , "v S1 29c " ] S2RABh , S1 29d #A&_ , ] S2RBh ,
#A &_, S1 , #A &_ , S4 30a "#_ ] S2S4RA5A7Bh , "#_ S1 30ab "6c
pc ac
fVk ] S2 Bh , "6c f Vk S1 , "6fV2 S2 (unmetrical) , "6c "fV2 S4 30b
" ] S1 , L " S2 , L " S4 , " Bh (conj.?) 30c ] S1S2S4 ,
Bh (em.?)
251
263
(264)
+2"5
252 pt#6 9
prpt
;c 0
;~ ,
;p+
,9 [ ।
?9 *।
+ ,9 sr
9 pr pn
%#॥ 31॥
( %B y।
+, {r h pr(dy ॥ 32॥
ktc uLM Y r।
(6g y ॥ 33॥
r dy 6 ।
B, h
pn
$ (6O ॥ 34॥
6O 9c %B y
,।
?9 *0 pr.[ ^ ॥ 35॥
%B 6O $।
я r #॥ 36॥
31d #,,! ] #, ! R 31e 5 ] 5c R 32b ', ] "', R 32c
2 &#rg ] 2 # #r R 33a ktc ] ktc R 33b uIJR ] uIJR R
34a #rdy ] #r R 34b , ] , M R 34c h ] 2
R 35c & ] 6 R 36c ' ] " '
R 36cd я #r
, ]
я #r R
31c 6 ] #6 A 31d #,2Q5 ] #" 25 A3 (unmetrical) , #" 2Q5 A5 , #-
"22Q5 A7 • : ] A3A7 , : A5 31e ,2 ] ,2 A 32a 6 "# ] 6"#
A 32b ', ] { A5}N, A 32c 2 & ] 2 # { # A5} A 32d
#, ] A7 , #, A3 , #, A5 33a ktc ] ktc A3A5 , kt+ A7 33b
uIJR ] A7 , u{u A5} A3A5 33c +"V ] A5A7 , +"V A3 33d ] A3A7 ,
om. A5 (unmetrical) 34a #rdy ] #r A 34c G h ] G pr{ 5
A7} A 34d 2= ] h= A 35b b , ] b A3A5 , b
A7 35c
2Q5 ] A7 , 2Q5 A3A5 36a 2= ] A3A5 , h= A7 36c–37b ] om. A
31(c 4, f 3–f 8) S2, (b 4–b 5)b 6– c 3(c 4)d 1–f 8→ S4 32(a 1–a 4)b 2 S2, ←a 1–a 7 S4 33(c 7)c 8–
d 8→ S4 34(b 6) S1, ←a 1(a 2–a 3)a 4–d 8→ S4 35a –a (a –b ) S1, ←a –a S4
1 4 5 4 1 4 36d 6–
d 8→ S4
31a pr&ptc_ ] S1RBh , pr&pt c_ S2 (tops lost) , pr&ptc _ S4 31b N ]

RBh (em.?) , N S1S2 31d 5 : ] RA3A7Bh , 5g: S1S2 32b ', ] S1Bh ,
–˘ ',! S2 , ', S4 32c 2 & ] S1S2S4 , 2 # Bh • #rg ] A , #-
r ,! S1 , #rg S2S4 , #r Bh (conj.?) 33b #r ] S2S4RABh , S1
33c +"V ] S1S2RA5A7Bh , (") –˘ S4 (bottoms lost) 33d b ] S1RABh , b,! S2 • ]
S1ac S2RA3A7Bh , , S1pc 35c 2Q5 ] S2S4RA7Bh , 2Q5 S1 (unmetrical) • & ] ABh ,
& S1 , c S2S4 35d pr#N ] S1RABh , #prN S2S4 36a AG ] S2S4R
ABh , AG S1 36c ] S1pc S2S4RBh , () S1ac • я ] S2Bh , я S1 , я S4 36d
,! ] S1Bh , ! S2 , · · · S4
252
264
(265)
+2"5
253 pt#6 9
+,sr ; (

।
a nnLM Y ~
॥ 37॥
e uLM Y pr [ ag- ( ( ,9 ।
6{ я pr(dy ॥ 38॥
LM ~ (?+ 0 ।
pr} ( ॥ 39॥
pr> pr kt . .।

(?+ ॥ 40॥
(,- dv- t 5 ~ T .-।
% % 9-, *(, .-॥ 41॥
($%,0 ; (?+
;c dy 0
;।
6$
;(9;, kt- B%,kD{;॥ 42॥
37b # ] "# R 37d ' ] "' R 38a uIJR,! ] uIJR,! R 38b a-
V. ] ,V R 38c ] & R 40c ' ] "' R 41c A A ] Ac R
42c kt. ] kt R
37c nnIJR ] nnpr

A 37d ' ] "' A 38ab ] om. A 38c ] A3A7 ,
A5 39a IJ# ] A3 , IJ# "dy । IJ# A5 (unmetrical) , IJ# A7
40ab ] om. A 40c ' ] A5 , "' A3A7 41a " . dv. ] A3A7 , " A5 •
t ] A3A5 , ' A7 41cd ] om. A 42cd "5 kt. G##Af ] "5{ 5
A5} kt "G# #A: A
37←a 1–a 8(b 1)b 7–d 8→ S4 38b 6–b 7(b 8) S1, ←a 1–b 7 S4 40c 6–d 8→ S4 41(a 6–
a )c (c ) S1, ←a –c S4
7 7 8 1 6 42(c 1) S1
37b ] S1RBh , S2 37c a#+nn ] S1RBh , a#+, S2 38a e u ] S2RBh ,

e S1 38c ] S2A3A7 , S1S4 ,
Bh (conj.) • 2# ] RABh , #o#
S1S2S4 • 2& # ] S2S4RABh , 2& & S1 38d я ] RABh , я S1S2S4 39ab
_ ,2 ] S2S4RA3A7 , _ nn2nn S1 (unmetrical) , ,! _ ,! ,2,! Bh (conj.) 40a
pr kt ] S2S4RBh , pr kt S1 40b ,2 ] S2S4RBh , ,2 ,2 S1 (unmetrical) • ]
S2pc RBh , S1 , S2ac S4 41a " . ] S2RA3A7Bh , "vv S1 • t ]
S2RA3A5Bh , ()' S1 41d 2. ] S1S2RBh , 2 S4 42a "#-#A##2-
] S1RABh , "#-#A ##2 S2 , "#-#A ##2 S4 42b "Q ] S2S4RABh , "Q=
S1 42cd "5 kt. G##A! ] S2 , "i+kt 'G##A! S1 , "i kt G##A S4 ,
"5 kt. G&#A! Bh (conj.?)
253
265
(266)
+2"5
254 pt#6 9

; B% 6#।
,%,kDW %%dy %>
; ।
a (?+;~ ,
; ( 9% 6#॥ 43॥
pr
9 . ( -।
a ( .
- я . 6-॥ 44॥

(?+ ; LM#।
a | ( ky
; B+ e ॥ 45॥
( c ; > ( ।
( c ; c ( (B+॥ 46॥
i! T ~ .g >; ।
6 v ( (6^ c ॥ 47॥
6> + pr,
।
e 0 ( LM . .#॥ 48॥
43b ] R 44a , ] . , R 44bc ] om. R 45a ' ] "' R 45c
ao# ] ao# R 45d 2G2 e ] 2 G2c
R 46a 2 ] -
2 R 46b "2 ] " "2 R 46c 2 ] 2 R 46d c#" ]

#" R • G2 ] G2 R 47b #¨ ] R 47c v" ] +" R
47d "V ] #"V R
43b ] A3A5 , A7 • G##A ] A3A5 , ##A A7 • ] A3A5 ,
A7 43cd ] om. A 43e _ ] A3 , _ A5 , _ A7 43f ! ] A3A5 ,
A7 44a pr2 5 ] A3 , pr2
5 A5 , pr2
, A7 • , ] .
, A 44c , ] A5 ,
.
, A3A7 44d . я , ] ,, A3A5 , я, A7 45 ] om. A 46a 2 ]
2 A 46b "2 ] { A5}"2 A 46c 2c ] 2c A3
A7 , 2। "2c A5 (unmetrical) 46d c#" ] #" A3A7 , #" A5
(unmetrical) • G2 ] G2 A 47b #g& M ] #", e A 47cd ] om. A
48b # pr2 ] #| prtt A 48d ! ] , A
43(b 7) S1, d 2–f 8→ S4 44b 5–b 6 S1, ←a 1–b 1 S4 45(b 6, c 7–d 2)d 3–d 8→ S1 46←a 1–b 1
S1, b 4–d 8→ S4 47←a 1–b 2 S4 48(d 5)d 6–d 8→ S1
43a ] S1pc S2S4RABh , nn S1ac 43b G##A ] S1S2S4RA3A5 , G&#A Bh

(conj.?) 43c #A! ] S1S2RBh , #A S4 • >#A ] S2S4RBh , >#A S1
43f ! ] S1ac RA3A5 , . S1pc Bh , S2 44a , ] S1S2 , .
, Bh 44c
, ] S1S2S4A5 , ., Bh 44d . ] S2S4RBh , S1 45a 6 ] S1pc S2S4RBh , ()6
S1ac 45b ] S1RBh , S2S4
pc
• #,IJ &! ] S2 S4RBh , (#,)IJ & S1 , #,#IJ &!
ac
S2 45c "ky ] S2R , "(2) S1 (lower part lost) , "ky! S4 (unmetrical) , "ky Bh
(conj.?) 46b " ] S2A3A7Bh , pr S1 , · · · S4 46c 2c ] S2Bh , 2-
c S1 47a i#( ] S1S2pc RABh , i#( S2ac 47b #g& ] S2S4RBh , #g S1 47d
"U ] S1S2Bh , "V S4 48b # ] R , # S1 , S2S4 , # Bh (conj.) 48c , ]
S1pc S2RABh , , S1ac S4
254
266
(267)
+2"5
255 pt#6 9
.
+ я
+ ,nn 0।
pr cttd pr(dy
॥ 49॥
pr(nn > kt
;; (?+
; %!।
a 0 ;<Mdy c (, pr(dy
॥ 50॥
5 ~ ;
Tc
;c % ; $%।
(
;,,W .
; ( ; DW;c %} ॥ 51॥

;%,} 9 6$ 0 ।
; D{ ;}9;%,dy
($%c ॥ 52॥
a> LM।
( hyp p0 y , , ॥ 53॥
a> ~ pr(dy।
B%? T % ( %,dy
॥ 54॥
%nn .} akt((,9 ।
h .- $pr (W ॥ 55॥
ac
49a я ] R 49b , ] , R 49c pr#ctt ] pr #), R (unmetrical) , pr
pc
# R 49d ] R 50a pr"nn ] prtt R • + ] + R 50c #HJ-
dy,c ] #cJdy,c R 50d pr"dy ] pr# "dy R 52b ] # R 52c 6 ]
! R 54c G&#A ] G##A R 55a #Ann ] #IJnnc R 55a ] g
R 55b akt ] prkt R 55c #-pr ] #pr R
49a ] a"

A3A5 , a" A7 (hypermetrical) • я ] A7 , A3A5
50–54 ] om. A 55a ] ky A 55b akt ] hykt A3 , hykt A5A7
• ""5 ] "5 A3 (unmetrical) , ""5 A5 , "", A7 , 55c g. ] -
g,
A3 , g , A5 , g A7 • #-pr ] A3A7 , #-pr A5 55d "& & # ]
"&
tt{ A5} & # A3A5 , "& prpn # A7
49←a 1–c 6(c 7) S1, (a 8)b 1–d 8→ S4 50←a 1–b 2(c 6–c 7) S4 51(c 2–c 3)c 4–d 8→ S1
52←a –b (b ) S1, a –d → S4
1 4 5 5 8 53←a –a (c ) S4
1 8 4 54(a , b , b –b 8, c 7) S4
6 2 7 55(a 6)a 7–
d 8→ S4
50a pr"nn ] conj. , prnn S2Bh , pr, S1 50b "Q ] S1RBh , "Q S2 , · · · S4 50c
#HJdy,c ] em. Bh , #IJdy 6 S1 , #HJdy,c S2 , #IJdy(,)c S4 50d
" pr"dy ] S2S4Bh , pr# "dy S1 51a C_c #c ] S2S4R , #c G S1 ,
C_ c 2#" Bh (conj.?) 51b A ] S1pc S4R , A S1ac , A S2 , Ac Bh
(conj.?) 51c "# ] S2RBh , +!+(")# –˘ S1 , " # S4 52a ! ] S2RBh , S4
52b ] S1S2 , # Bh (em.?) 52cd 5#Ady ] S2RBh , 5 A S1 53a
'2+ ] S1S2R ( in S1S2) , ! 2 Bh 53b ] S1S2RBh , S4
(tops lost) 53c ) ] S1S2S4pc RBh , ) S4
ac
54ab _ ] S2S4RBh , _ ! S1
54c G&#AQ#A ] S1S2Bh , G##AQ#A S4 54d " ! ] S1S2RBh , " S4 55a
#Ann ] S2ABh , #Ann
S1 , #A,c S4 55b akt ] S1S2 , hykt Bh 55c g ]
S1S2RA3A7 , g Bh (typo, unmetrical) 55cd #-pr "& ] S1pc S2A3A7Bh , #-prgpr&
ac
S1
255
267
(268)
+2"5
256 pt#6 9
(y . R 9 $ ।

?9 | n
॥ 56॥
%$ > %nn .pt ($%।
p0 %B %я ॥ 57॥
e ; *B/ y।
dv ./ 6 uLM Y + (
॥ 58॥
. . T
*( ( , #।
69 dy a%}9
T( ( #॥ 59॥
( 9
pt ॥
56a 9| ] :|c R 56b 65

- ] 6
5 R 57b #pt+ ] #tt+ + R
57c , ] , R 58a ', ] "', R 58c ] R 59a -
ac

] nn{ , R } &D? R (unmetrical) 59c dy a ] dy R (unmetrical) •
9# ] #A
R 59c ! ] ## R (unmetrical) Col. i# r&+2"5
b>
,22M, , pt#6 R
56a 9| ] | A3A5 , :| A7 56b 6 5

- ] A3 , 6 5 - A5 , 6,
-
- A7 56c 2Q5 ] A7pc , 2 5 A3 , 2 5 A5A7ac 57a A#- +M ] A3A5 , A#- +9#A
pc ac
A7 57c , ] , A3A7 , , A5 • AG ] A7 , AG A3A5A7 57d #Aя ] A7 ,
# я A3A5 58a ', ] "', A 58b :G,,! ] :,! A3 , :²
A5 , : A7 58c ] A3 , vv A5 , A7 • ##,' ] A3A7 , ##' A5
(unmetrical) 58d uIJR ] A7 , u
A3 , uяe A5 59a ] ,{, A3}, -
ac
+r A3A5 (unmetrical) , { A7 }, 'dgr&+
+ A7 (unmetrical) 59b
ac pc
:"" ] dy"" A3A7 (unmetrical) , dy" A5 (unmetrical) , "" A7 (unmetrical) •
! ] A 59c ] 5{5 A5 , , A7}g:# { #A A7} A (unmetrical)
59d , # ] A7pc , я# { # A5(unmetrical)} A3A5A7ac • "" ! ] "" A3A5
(unmetrical) , "" A7 (unmetrical) Col. i# r&+2"5 pt#6tt ॥ 37 A3 ,
i# r&{i# A7}+2"5 e2&# sr{ sr # A7}#g:2b> pt#6tt
A5A7
56←a 1–b 2 S4 58(c 2–c 5)c 6–d 8→ S4 59←a 1–c 4 S4
56a ] S1S2RA3A5 , Bh (conj.) 56b 6

5- ] S1A3Bh , 6 ,
- S2 , · · ·5
- S4
56c 2Q5 ] S1S2RA7pc Bh , 2Q5 S4 • o, ] S1S2RABh , 2, S4 56d , ]
S2pc RABh , , S1S2ac S4 57c AG ] S1RA7pc Bh , AG S2S4 58b #b ] S1S2RABh ,
#b S4 58c # ] S1A3Bh , #dv S2 , ()# –˘ S4 (last aks.ara has subscript
!) • #,' ] A3A7R , #,' S1S2 (unmetrical) , #, Bh (conj.) 58d uIJR ]
pc
S1S2RA7 , uIJR Bh (typo) 59b ] S2R , :""+ 2 S1 , :( )+
ac
2 S1 , :"" 2 ! Bh (conj.) 59c 5 ] S1RA3Bh , 5 S2 • dy
a ] S2Bh , dy S1 , · · ·a S4 • A&5 ] S1S4RBh , A&5 S2 59d # ]
S1S2S4RA7pc , '
Bh (conj.) • ] S2S4RABh , S1 (unmetrical) • ! ]
Bh , ## S1S2S4 (i# part of col.) Col. 69 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5
,2i ,
॥ S1 , +2"5 pt#6{ #ttR S2}!# ॥ S2S3 , +2"5 ,25,
2M, , pt#6 Bh
256
268
(269)
+2"5
257 aV#6 9
ag ।
, ।
a ( pr} ). (।
(?+ %6 ( (,9॥ 1॥
). sr 9 *B prv।
ucc ,c ~ * я6 ।
y ( D{ ॥ 2॥
. ; pr
9 %6 ।
я. , u(g 6 ॥ 3॥
(?+ ^ * ?+ ।
k{k (.0 adg0 9॥ 4॥
1c ' ] "' R 1d 2#5 ] 2g5 R 2a sr#5 ] r#5 R 2c ucc ]

ukt R 2e b ] 6 b R 3a
, ] .
, R 3b pr2
5 ] a2
, R
3cd u ] :hv u Rpc , : Rac 4b : ] : R
1b ,2 ] , A 1c ' ] " # A 1d A ] + A3 , A5A7 2b :G#,

pr
v ] :#prv{ A5} A 2e b ] A5 , b A7 , +6 A3 • "6 ] A7 ,
"6 A3 , 6 A5 3a , ] .
, A3A7 , , A5 3b 5#A ] 5# A 3c
я, ] я,, A3A7 , ,
, A5 3cd u ] A 3d "#V ! ] A3A7 , "#V !
A5 4 ] om. A
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.13a (f. 71r) and 6.12b (f. 71v); S2 exposures
55b (f. 63r) and 56a (f. 63v); S3 (from 11 b 3) f. 69r; S4 (up to 11 a 5) exposure 15b (f. 68v; one third
lost); R f. 85v–86r; A3 f. 50r–50v; A5 f. 94r–95r; A7 f. 70v–71r.
1a 6–d 8→ S4 2(b 8) S1, ←a 1–c 7S4 4c 1–d 8→ S4
1 ] RABh , g u S1 , u S2S4 1c "Q ] S1RABh , "Q S2 1d
pc ac
A ] RBh (em.?) , A S1S2 2b pr
v ] S2 RA3A7Bh , prv S1 , pr
v S2 2c
ucc ] S2ABh , ucc vv S1 2f 2> 2 ] S2S4RABh , 2 #2#A( S1 3a
, ] S1S2S4 , .
, Bh 3b ] S2RABh , S1S4 3cd ] om. S2S4 3c
] RABh , ! S1 3d "#V ! ] RA3A7 , "#V S1 , u"#U,! Bh (typo?) 4a
"Q! ] S1S2RBh , "Q S4 4b ,, ] S2S4RBh , ,, S1 4c f k ] S1pc R ,
ac
я k S1 , f> S2Bh 4d #5 ] S2RBh , #5 S1
257
269
(270)
+2"5
258 aV#6 9
a ;c 0 ; 0
;6,( 9 ।
%6 яB ?9 ॥ 5॥
Mdy c ( $ ; |B,%।
pr(dy
,
, y।

Tя - % ॥ 6॥

,+ (
; $ pr [ ,।

; , 0 ;
,6 ?9 ॥ 7॥
r ( 6 ( ( *. ।
%, c 6,tt ( kv
॥ 8॥
u> %nn g *dc $ ;।
BD{ kt pr(dy
॥ 9॥
5b ] d R 5c # ] " # R 5d ,+ ] Rac , ,! + Rpc

(unmetrical) 6a ,c ] ,c R 6b oG ] 2G R 6ef 6. 6 6 ] 6.
6 6 R 7c +6,,# ] a+6nn, R 7d 2 '# ] 2 # R 8c
c tt ] tt R 9c 2> 2 ] 2k R
5b ] A7 , G A3 , G" A5 5c # ] _ # A 5cd я G ,+ ]

я hy+ A7 , b+ A3A5 5d Q5 ] { A7} A 6–7 ] om. A
8a ", , ] "5#, A 8b 2 "" ] A7 , #,2 "" A3 (unmetrical) , om. A5 (unmetrical)
8c c tt ] tt A± 9ab ] om. A 9c G& ] I A7 , G" A3 ,
" A5
5←a 1–c 3S4 6(b 5, c 5, d 8, e 3–e 5) S2pc 7(b 6–b 8) S2pc , a 3–d 8→ S4 8←a 1–a 2(a 6) S4
9(d 3–d 8) S4
5a–7b ] S2pc has this i.m. by sec. hand and inserts before 5a, interpreting 5a of S2ac as 7c. 5a
pc ac pc ac ac pc
ac ] S1 S2 S2 RABh , a()c S1 • 2 ] S2 S2 RABh , 2. S1 5b–7c ] om.
S2ac (eyeskip) 5b C ] em. Bh (silently) , S1 , d S2pc 5c
pc
# ] conj. Bh , " # S1 , " # S2 , · · ·# S4 • A я G ] S1RBh , A я
S2pc , A я S4 (unmetrical) 5d + ] R , + S1Bh , + ! S2pc , +
pc pc
S4 6a ,c ] S2 , ,,c S1 , ,c S4Bh • 6#" ] S2 S4RBh , ,#" S1
6b - ] S1S2pc RBh , - S4 pc
• oG ] S1Bh , o S2 , 2G S4 6c # ] S1S2pc
pc pc
RBh , # S4 • ] S2 S4RBh , vv? S1 6d , ] S2 S4RBh , ,tt S1 6e
pc
6. ] S1S4Bh , 6. S2 (unmetrical) 6f 6 ] S1S4Bh , om. S2pc (unmetrical) • -
pc
] S2 S4RBh , , S1 7a "# ] RBh (em.?) , "# S1 , pr# ! S2pc 7b - ]
pc
S2 RBh , - S1 7c ,,# ] S1 , c ## Bh (cf. 5a) 7d #,2 '# ]
S2Bh , #,{ # S1ac }2' # S1 • Q5 ] RBh , Q5 S1 , Q5 S2 8a
pc ac
r ] S2 RABh , r S1 , r S2 , · · · S4 • ",, ] S2S4RBh , " ,
S1 8b : ] S4S2pc RA , ', S1Bh , : S2ac 8c c ] S2S4Bh , '
S1 • tt ] S1Bh , dtt S2S4 9a u'M ] S1pc S2S4RBh , uIJ S1ac • #Anng ] RBh
(em.?) , #Ann S1 , #Anng S2 , #Anng S4
258
270
(271)
+2"5
259 aV#6 9
B%? T % D{;c ; (।

%dy y nn( y॥ 10॥
[ dy 0 0( 9 ।
$ %!
;9 ;9 > ॥ 11॥
>
6$ dy0 ।

; D{
;}9
;%,dy
Mdy
( ।

;c 0 ; DW
;c ($%॥ 12॥
h9 ,$ ^ ( 09. ।
B%? T % ,g + %dy
॥ 13॥
e *0 y ।
pr pn nn 69॥ 14॥
ap a - c LM।
( 6я | + | ॥ 15॥
10a G&#A ] G##A R 10b 2> 2 ] 2>2 R 10c ,,! ] Rac , Rpc (
cancelled with an insertion mark, but no aks.ara i.m.) 10d '# ] '#A R 11c #A(-
'
] #(' R 12a 'M ] IJR R 12b dy# ] dy R 12f + ]
(o) Rac , &_ Rpc 13a , U ] ,.U R 13c G&#A ] G&#A R 13d
##Ady ] #AL R 15c 'я o ] # IJo R
10a G&#A ] G&#A A7pc , G&#A A3A5A7ac 10b c ] A7 , c" A3A5 10c
,,! ] Q,! A 10d " ' ] A7 , "' A3A5 (unmetrical) 11ab ] om. A 11c (-
' ] A' { , A5} A 11d #5 #5 ] #5 #5 A3A7 , #5 A5 (unmetrical)
pc ac
12–13 ] om. A 14d #nn ]
#nn# ,! A7 ,
#nn # A7 ,
#nn # ,!
A3 , ,
# ,! A5 (unmetrical) 15b a ,. ] A3A7 , a , A5 15c 'я o ]
# ! A? A±
10(d 7–d 8) S1, (d 7)d 8 S2, (a 1–a 3)b 4–d 8→ S4 11(b 5–b 7) S3 (S3 starts from b 3), ←a 1–b 2 S4
13(a 5–a 6)a 7–b 1 S2 15(d 8) S1
10a G&#A ] S1Bh , G##A S2 , (G)##A S4 • Q #A ] S1RABh , Q #A S2S4 10c
,b,! ] em. Bh , ,ddb S1 , ,ddb,! S2 11c (' ] S2S3Bh , (' S1 12a
+ ] S2S3RBh , a+ S1 12b dy# ] S1 , dy#A S2S3Bh 12c 6 ] S1RBh ,
a6 S2S3 • 2> 2+ &5! ] RBh (em.?) , 2> 2 &5 S1 , 2 2+ &5! S2 ,
2¤2+ &5 S3 12d ] S2S3RBh , S1 12e 6c ] S1S2S3R , "6c Bh (conj.) 13a
pc ac
h 25#- ] S2S3 RBh , h 2i- S1 , h25#- S3 (unmetrical) • , U ] em. Bh
(silently) , , U S1 , (,) – –˘ S2 , , V S3 13b "# ] S1RBh , –˘ # . S2 , "# .
S3 13c G&#A ] S1S3Bh , GG#A S2 • Q #A ] S1RBh , Q #A S2S3 14b -
pc pc ac ac
,! ] S1S2RABh , , S3 • #b ] S1 S2 RABh , #b S1 S2 S3 14d #, ]
S1S2pc RBh , #,# S2ac , #, S3 ac
• 5 ] S1 S2S3RABh , 5 S1
pc
15a a#), -
] S2S3RABh , a#),++ S1 (unmetrical) 15b a ,. ] S2S3RA3A7 , # ,. S1Bh
ac
15c 'я o ] em. , IJя o S1 , #IJo S2 , # IJ{ S3 }o S3 ,
IJ я
IJo Bh (conj.) 15c # ] S2S3RABh , # S1
259
271
(272)
+2"5
260 aV#6 9
! g c
; 6gn ।
a> , dy T %
#॥ 16॥
*
Thm E¢c c ( pr dvя।
~D{ T я B! ( e ॥ 17॥
> 0,+ ./0 | * Thm9c ।
e
LM 6,tt B{ ).j#॥ 18॥
{dv Btt9 , + ,9
; (c
।
uLMY ( . r h ; (॥ 19॥
( $9 #।
e+
; 0 + 9
6 ॥ 20॥
16a & V' ] & V' R 16b V ] #V R 16c a# #M , ] a# #Mnn
R 17a :hm Lª ] :hmn R 17b 9" ] a" R 17c _#> 2 ] +_>&+2 R 17d
G("2 e ]
(C"2 R 19a dv, G tt&5 ]
, utt&5 R 19c uIJR
]
pc ac
uIJ R R • "# + 2 ] R , "# l 2 R 20b '-&5 ] ,! -&5 R
20d ,25 ] ,2, R • + ] + R
16a (& ] ({ M A7} A • V' ] A3 , V' A5 , =5' A7 16b V ]

#V A3 , #V A5A7 16c a# #M ] a# M&,! A 16d + #¨ & A ! ] dy+ #¨-
2M ˘ A7 , #¨ 2M A3A5 17a :hm Lª ] :hm A 17b 9" ]
A3A7 , A5 • pr# ] pr## A7 , "## A3A5 17c _#> 2 я& ] _ .2

я& A3A5 , _> я&5c A7 17d G("2 e ] (C"2 A 18a 2
] 2nn A5 , 2nn A3 , 2nn( dy )+&+ A7 18b :hm5c ] :hm5+ A 18c
IJ# tt ] A7 , IJ# tt A3 , ,IJ# tt A5 18d j2! ] A7 , 2 A3A5
19a 2 &dv , G tt&5 ] 2 &{ # A3A5}dv tt&5 A 19c uIJR "# ] u'M "#
A 20a "' ] ady A • #+,! ] A3A7 , #+nn A5 (unmetrical) 20d ,25 ,
+ ] ,2,"+ A
16a V' ] S1pc S2S3A3Bh , V' S1ac (unmetrical) 16b V ] S1S2S3 , #V Bh 16c
a# #M , ] em. Bh (silently) , a# #Mnncc S1 , a# #Mnn S2 , a# #M , S3 16cd
dy+ + #¨ & A ! ] R , dy+ #¨# & S1 , dyc c #¨: &d ! S2S3 ,
dyc c #¨ & A ! Bh 17a :hm Lª ] S2S3Bh , :hm !+ S1 • #c ] RABh ,
#+6c S1 , # S2S3 17b 9" ] S2S3Bh , " S1 • #dvя ] S2S3RABh , ,
S1 17d G("2 ] S1S2Bh , G(C"2 S3 18ab #o : hm5c ] R , + M
:hm#o& S1 , #o :
hm5c S2S3 , : hm5c #o& Bh (conj.) 18c e ]
S1pc S2S3RABh , e S1ac ac
• tt ] S1RA7Bh , dtt S2 S3 , dtt S2
pc
18d 2G ] S1pc S2
RABh , 2 S1ac • j2! ] S2S3RA7Bh , j2 S1 19a dv , G tt&5 ] S2S3Bh , dv
' S1 19b ",c ] S2S3RABh , "c S1 19cd ] om. S1 20a #+,! ] S1pc S2S3R
A3A7Bh , #+,! S1ac 20b pc
,! ] S1 S2S3RABh , , S1
ac
20cd ,25 ]
S3Bh , > nn2, S1 , nn2,! S2 20d + ] S1ac S2S3 , + S1pc , + Bh
260
272
(273)
+2"5
261 aV#6 9
i %6y (.h% 6 , .#।

69 pr B. LM nn ).#॥ 21॥
( 9
gtt ॥ 38॥
21a "gA ] "| R 21b # ] #A R Col. i# r&+2"5

b>

;&,2p, ,V#6 R
21a i ] A7pc , i A3A7ac , i# A5 (unmetrical) • A#b "gA ] {
A5(unmetrical)}b "| A3A5 , A b "| A7 (unmetrical) 21b ,# ] A3 ,
,# A7 , , A5 (unmetrical) 21c 2 G ' ] + '2 { '2G G A7 , 2
A5}' A (unmetrical) 21d , ] , A (unmetrical) • # ;! ] ##
gpr A (unmetrical) Col. i# r&+2"5 9#g:2b> 9V#6tt ॥ 38 A3A5± ,
i# +2"5 e2&# r # #g:2b>
9V#6tt 9 A7
21a i ] S2RA7pc Bh , i S1 , i S3 (unmetrical) • "gA ] S2Bh , "A S1 , "-

gA S3 21b ! ] S1S2RABh , S3 21c ] RBh (conj.?) , # –˘() –˘ +5+
pc
#kt S1 (unmetrical) , 5'pr +'2' S2S3 21d IJ ,! ] S2 RABh , IJ S1
S2ac S3 • ;! ] RBh (em.?) , ;### S1 (i# part of col.) , ;## S2S3 (i#
part of col.) Col. 22 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5
,2i,2G ;#॥ S1 , +2-
"5 aV#6# ॥ S2 , ॥ +2"5 aV#6# ॥ S3 , i# +2"5
,25, 2G ;#2M, , aV#6 Bh
261
273
(274)
+2"5
262 e2 ,'# 9
e ।
, ।
a ( 6 .B।
cc pr
9 6।
. я . > a [ %6॥ 1॥
>
;c > , a%6 ।
LMY c
; j
} (॥ 2॥
! я (?+ 0 ।
я| > #॥ 3॥
0, c ; *T hm9 ।
Mdm c 9 ?R ((॥ 4॥
1a + ] c R 1c ] g R • cc

, ] IJ
R 5 R 1ef ] om. R
2b ,2 a#A ] ,2 +#A R 2c IJR ] IJ! R 2cd j , ] j+ ,!
R 3a я,+ ] 2+ R 3b ' ] "' R 3c #я ] & R 3d
+ M ] + " R 4b #,2 ] #,2 R
1ab &+ ,2 2G62 ] pr{ - A5}# ,2 2G62 A 1d ] A
1ef ] om. A 2a c M ] "#", A 2b ,2 a#A ] ,2,! pr# { A5}
A 2cd ] om. A 3a я,+ ] 2+ A 3b ' ] "' A 3c #+6 -
#я ] #r v{
A7} A 3d #o ] #o { kt
A5} A 4b #,2 ] #,2
A 4c Jdm, c +6#5 ] ' !{ A3 , A5}(C A
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.12b (f. 71v) and 6.12a (f. 72r); S2 exposures
56a (f. 63v) and 56b (f. 64r); S3 f. 69r–69v; R f. 86r–86v; A3 f. 50v; A5 f. 95r–95v; A7 f. 71r–71v.
1(c 4, c 8–d 1) S3 3d 6 S3 4(a 7, b 5–b 8)c 1–c 3 S1, (d 7) S3
1 ] RABh , g u S1 , u S2S3 1a " ] S1RABh , "! S2 , " S3 •
&+ ] S2 , & S1 , #6 &+ S3 , pr# Bh 1b ,2 2G62 ] S2S3R , ,2
2G62 S1Bh 1c ] S2pc S3ABh , S1 , S2ac • cc
, ]
pc
S1S2ABh , , S3 1d ] S1R , ! S2S3Bh 2b ,2 a#A ] S2 Bh , ,2c-
# S1 , ,2#A S2ac S3 pc ac
• ] S1S2 RA3A7Bh , g S2 , S3 (unmetrical)
2cd c #j , ] S1Bh , c #j ++ ! S2 , #j S3 2d ]
S1S2S3R , , Bh (conj.?) 3a 2( ] S2S3RA , 2( S1 , 2( Bh (conj.) •
pc ac
я,+ ] S1S2Bh , я, S3 3b ' ] S1 S2S3Bh (or " in S2S3) , "' S1
3c #я ] S1S2S3 , #" Bh (conj.) 3d + M ] S2ABh , + S1 (unmetrical) , + –
S3 • ! ] S1RABh , ,! S2S3 4a + ] S1RABh , +c S2 , g+c
S3 4b #,2 ] S1S2S3 , #,2 Bh 4d 9"'", ] S2S3RA , & #,hn
! S1 , "hn!
", Bh (conj.?)
262
274
(275)
+2"5
263 e2 ,'# 9
? c ( ( > ।

v % T E ^ > ।
a | ; > [ ॥ 5॥
a r 9 > % tt ,।
att dy LM ddvя
;॥ 6॥

( ~ ( (।
sr y (B9 , + ,9 0 ।
6 | ॥ 7॥
.B9 O6#।
Mdy g яB D ; T 0
;%,6 #।
;
;r !#॥ 8॥
(B9
, .
я?LM Y pr(dy
।
r h я ( (।
6 ( ( $9 ,+॥ 9॥
5d M & ] 5 , R (cf. 7d) 5e + ] R 6c a-

tt ] att R 7c 2 y+ "G5 ] 2 & "Gi R 7e ' ] "' R 8d =2 ! ]
2 ! R 8a #Jdy' ] #IJdy R 8b 2> ] 2 R 8d #6 #( ! ]
6 #( R 9b QIJR,! ] QIJR ! R 9c я ] я R 9f -&5 ] - R
5b ] A3A7 , om. A5 5c L U ] rU A3A7 , r

V A5 5d & ] A3A7 , ,! -
& A5 (unmetrical) 5e ao ] ao { 2 A5}# A • ] A3A7 , ! A5
6a ar5 ] A3A7 , ar5! A5 (unmetrical) 6c ] A 7b–9c ] om. A
8d #( ! ] #( A3 , #( A7 , #6 A5 9a "G5
] A 9ab я QIJR,! ]
я r A7 , r A3 , A5 (unmetrical) 9cd я "' ] я я A3A7 ,
A5
5(f 3)f 4–f 6(f 7–f 8) S3 7a 8 S1, (a 1–a 2) S2 8(a 6) S3 9(b 8) S1
5a Q #,# c#" ] RABh , +6 hy Q #, S1 , Q#nn+ +c#" S2 , Q #,# -
c#" S3 5b #" ] S1S2RABh , #" S3 (unmetrical) 5c L U ] S1S2RBh , я V S3 5d
& ] S1S3A3A7Bh , g& S2 5e ao ] S2S3 , ao S1 , ao #
pc ac
Bh • + ] S1S2 A3A7Bh , + S2 , +' S3 6a ar5 ] S2S3RA3A7Bh ,
ar,,! S1 6d #ddvя 6 ] S2S3RABh , '2G62 S1 7a "# ] S1RABh , "#
S2 (tops lost) , "# S3 7c 2 y+ "G5 ] S1 , 2 y++ "Gi S2 , 2 y "G-
i S3 , 2 &+ "G5 Bh (conj.?) 7e , ! ] S2pc RBh , , S1 , , S2ac S3
pc ac ac pc
7f # ] S1 RBh , # S1 , # S2 S3 , # S2 8a #Jdy'g#, ] S1pc ,
ac
#IJdy'#, S1 , #J'g#, S2S3Bh 8b 2> ] S2S3Bh , 2 S1 • ! ]
S1S2RBh , S3 8c #22! ] S2S3RBh , #2k S1 • #r ] S2S3RBh , #r
S1 8d #6 ] S2S3A , 6# S1 , 6 Bh (conj.?) • #( ! ] conj. , -
#( S1 , #( S2S3 , #( Bh (conj.) 9ab я QIJR,! ] S2S3Bh , я uIJR S1
9c я ] S1Bh , я S2S3
263
275
(276)
+2"5
264 e2 ,'# 9
i *( (6,B 69 . ,B#।

TyB . .B#॥ 10॥
( 9 e tt ॥ 39॥
10b ' ] '" R 10d ,2 ] ,2 R (unmetrical) Col. i# r&+2"5

-
b>
2G6,2p,! R
10a ""2 G6 ] "" A (unmetrical) 10b ' ] cc A (unmetrical) 10c # ]
A3A7 , я# A5 Col. i# r&+2"5 2G6,2 , A3A5± , i# +2"5
a#:2b>
e2&# + # #g:2b> 2G6,2 ,॥ 39 A7
10(d 3) S1
10a 2 G6 ] S1S2RBh , 2 G6 S3 (unmetrical) 10b 5' ] S3 , rG S1 ,

ac
5 ! ++2 S2 (S2 unmetrical) , 5! =2 Bh (em.?) • 2 ] S2S3RABh ,
2 S1 (unmetrical) 10c # ] S2S3pc RA3A7 , IJ# _ G6 S1 (unmetrical) ,
ac
# b S3 (unmetrical) , # Bh (conj.?) 10d ,2 ] S1S2S3A , ,2 ! Bh
pc ac
(conj.?) • 2 ] S1S2 RABh , 2 S2 S3 (unmetrical) • G6! ] RABh , G6-
## S2S3 (i# part of col.) , G6## S1 (i# part of col.) Col. 13 (in letter numerals)॥
+2"5 ,2i, 2GttR2nn॥ S1 , +2"5 ,#6!# ॥ S2 , ॥
+2"5 dy 39 (in letter numerals)॥ S3 , i# +2"5 ,25, 2G6 , ,'-
#tt Bh
264
276
(277)
+2"5
265 '# 9
।
, ।
a ( pr} h%( % #।
r 9 ( . % hy6 #॥ 1॥
a *hv®c aj .% ।
hR
;. (B9 , hnpt ॥ 2॥
O6 pt *dv *dv % ।
$ ~ | % ;#॥ 3॥
+, {csrc (L я।
nn* 0 L % ॥ 4॥
2c 2g|+ , ] 2gA+ + R 2d pt ] i R 3ab =2 &+ pt :dv :-
dv ] 2 &, pt, :A
,6 R 3d o,,! ] o, R 4a 2 &c src ] 2 &
r(c) R 4b 6 ] 6 R 4cd #nn: ' ] ,! : R
1c r ¦ 5 ] A3A7 , r 5 A5 2a :hvc ] A7 , -c A3A5 2c 2g|+ , ] 2gA-

c+ A7 , 2gAc,+ A3A5 2d #hn pt ] # A7 , #hn A3 , #hn A5 •
] A3A5 , + A7 3a =2 & pt ] =2 &, pt, A± 3b :dv :-
dv ] 6 ,6 A3 , 6 , 6 A7 , 6 A5 (unmetrical) 3d o,,! ] o, A 4a
2 &c src ] 2 # sr A± 4c
#,#nn ] A5 , #, #, A7 , e #,#nn A3
4cd : 'I,,! ] : + uI, A
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photo 6.12a (f. 72r); S2 exposure 56b (f. 64r); S3 f.
69v–70r; R f. 86v–87r; A3 f. 50v–51r; A5 f. 95v–96r; A7 f. 71v.
1(b 7) S1 2(a 4) S2 3(d 8) S1
1 ] RABh , g u S1 , u S2S3 1c r ¦ 5#" ] S3RA3A7Bh , r 5-
#" S2 , r ¦ 5#" S1 • '2 ] S2S3RABh , r' S1 2a a++ ] S1S2pc S3RABh ,
ac
a+ ( ) S2 • :hvc ] S1S2RA7Bh , :hvc S3 2c 2g|+ , ] S1Bh , 2g|{ gA
S2ac }+ + S2 , 2gA + S3 2d pc
pt ] S1Bh , i+ S2 S3 , i+ S2
ac
•
pc ac
] S2 RA3A5Bh , S1 , + S2 , S3 (unmetrical) 3a =2 &+ ]
pc
conj. Bh (silently) , 2=5 &+ S1 , =2 & S2S3 • pt ] S1S3Bh , ,pt S2 , ,ptc
S2ac 3b :dv :dv ] S1Bh , :c S2 (unmetrical) , : S3 (unmetrical) • A ]
S2S3RA , : S1 , : Bh (em.) 3c # ] S2S3RA , #-N S1 , #-"# Bh
(conj.?) • - _ ] RABh , -_ S1 , - _ S2S3 3d , ] S2ac S3 ,
pc
, S1 , , S2 , , Bh • A! ] S2S3RABh , A –˘ S1 (last aks.ara
has vowel e or e ) 4a 2 &c src ] S2S3Bh , 2 &c ' S1 4c #,#nn ]
S2A5Bh , #, #, #, S1 , #, S3 4cd : ' ] em. Bh (silently) , '
S1 , : S2S3pc , : (+) S3ac 4d I,,! ] S2S3RBh , I, S1
265
277
(278)
+2"5
266 '# 9
ig ( h%( e ।
-
c ap 6
+ ॥ 5॥

y. > ^
ann( ।
% я n j j ॥ 6॥
B{, c B{ $ >
; ।
p
; p 9 > ॥ 7॥
( pr

c B+।
,(9 )( 0॥ 8॥
e r (?LMY ।
pr [
%B ( $ #॥ 9॥
5b 2gA"2 ] 2gA2 R 5d a#), ] a#), R 6a 9M U

] U
R
7d 5& ] ,& R 9a # ] "# R 9b QIJR
] Q(IJ)
R
5a "22& ] ""2& A3 , "& A5 (unmetrical) , "2& A7 5d a#), ] a-

#), A3A5 , a#), A7 6a–7b ] repeated in A5. 6a 9M ] A 6b ,2 ]
∗ ac
,2 A 6a A я, pc
] A7 , A я, A3A5A5 A7 6d 2 ] A3A5A7 , 2 A5∗
7cd ] om. A7 7c #¨#),,& ] #¨),& A3 , #¨"& A5 7d 5& ] -
5 A3A5 8c 25, ] 22,{ 5! A7} A 8d ##;", ] #;",& A± •
, ] A3A7 , , A5 9a # ! ] #{ # A5} ! A3A5 , pr# A7pc ,
ac
pr# ! A7 9b QIJR ] A7 , Q
A3 , Q я
A5
5(c 8) S1, (a 5) S2 7(c 4–c 6, d 1–d 3) S3 9(b 4)b 5 S1, (c 7) S3
pc ac
5a "22& ] S1S2 RBh , ""2& S2 , "2A & S3 5bc "2 e । . ] S3A , "-
22+ M। . S1Bh , "2 e .। S2 (unmetrical, an insertion mark after e , an aks.ara
i.m. possibly lost) 5c c ] S1pc S2S3RABh , cc S1ac 5d a#), ] S2S3Bh , a#),
S1 6a ] S2S3ABh , M S1 6b ann"2 ] S2RA , ann", S1Bh , a,"2 S3 •
,2 ] S2S3RBh , ,2 S1 6d 2 ] S1S2pc RA3A5A7Bh , 2 S2ac S3 7–8 ]
om. S1 7b -& ] S3RABh , -&! S2 8d , ] S2pc S3RA3A7Bh , , S2ac
9a e # ! ] S2S3Bh , e #, # S1
266
278
(279)
+2"5
267 '# 9
i *O6 ( 69 я , #।

LM ( h% s E¢ ~॥ 10॥
( 9
॥ 40॥
10a =2 ] 2 R 10b ! ] "! R 10c , ] , R • " ]

,#" R (unmetrical) 10d 2#gA ] 2gA&"2 R (unmetrical) Col. i# r&+2"5

b> 2gA&"2,2p", , R
10 ] om. A Col. i# {i# r&+2" A5} 2gA&"2,2p , A± (A7 adds a )
10(c 7–c 8) S3
10a =2 ] em. Bh (silently) , =2 k S2S3 , =2 S1 (unmetrical) • "2 ]

S1S2RBh , "2 S3 10b ,я ] S1R , ,я S2S3 , dv ,я Bh (conj.?) • -
! ] S2S3 , "2 S1 , "2! Bh 10c ' ] RBh (conj.?) , d2g S1 , '
S2 (unmetrical) , ()' S3 (unmetrical, lower parts lost) • " ] S2S3 , "2 S1Bh
10d ] conj. (cf. R) , ,2 2#gAp#Lª gA i# S2S3 (i# part of col.) , ,b-
2gA"2## S1 (i# part of col.) , ,2 ,b2#gA"2! Bh (conj.?) Col. 8 (in letter
numerals)॥ +2"5 ,2i, 2gA&"2 ,॥ S1 , +2"5 '#!# ॥
S2 , ॥ +2"5 dy। 40 (in letter numerals)॥ S3 , i# +2"5 ,25, 2gA&"2
, '# Bh
267
279
(280)
+2"5
268 e2'# 9
e ।
, ।
a ( pr} a( (।
( (6ddy ,t% #॥ 1॥
a( i s 6$ ।
* y ~ c cc c %6#॥ 2॥

+ ( 9 ~ 9 }9 % ।
a R g ॥ 3॥

;}D tt g M

।

; (
; c; > D{c ॥ 4॥
1b ", ] ! R 2a p ] p R 2b ] " , R 3b &5##,A-

#, ] &5#, #,# #, R 3d # ] R 4a >tt#, ] &5 R 4b ]
, R 4c # ] # R 4d #2,c ] #2 c R
1 ] A3A7 , A5 2a "6 ] "6 A3A7 , "6 i# "6 A5 (unmetrical)

2d _,c ccc ] , b2{ 2 A3A5(unmetrical)} A 3b ##,A#, ] ## #,
A 3c a | ] A7 , a"
| A3A5 3c–6b ] A has this in a different order: 3c, 4d, 5,
6a, 4b, 4c, 3d, 4a and 6b. 4a >tt#, ] 2tt{ A7}#, A 4b ] , A
4c # ] # A 4d #2,c ] #2 c A3A7 , 2 r A5
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.12a (f. 72r) and 6.11b (f. 72v); S2 exposures
56b (f. 64r) and 57a (f. 64v); S3 f. 70r–70v; R f. 87r–87v; A3 f. 51r; A5 f. 96r–96v; A7 f. 71v–72r.
1b 5–b 6 S1, (d 8) S3 2(a 7–b 4) S2 3(c 6–d 4) S1, (a 1–a 4) S3 4(c 7)c 8 S1, (d 7) S2
1 ] RA3A7Bh , g u S1 , u S2S3 1a a " ] S1S2RABh , a ++
" S3 1b , ", ] S2S3ABh , – S1 1c ""2! ] S2RABh , "#", S1 , ""2
S3 1d ] RABh , ' S1 , S2S3 2a "6 ] S2RBh , "6 S1 (unmetrical) ,
"6 S3 • p ] ABh , p S1S3 , (p ) S2 2b + 6 ] S2S3RABh , + ( S1 •
pc ac
] S1S2 ABh , S2 S3 2d c ccc ] S1S2RBh , c c S3 3a ] S1
S2RABh , ( ) –˘ S3 3b &5 ] S2S3ABh , &-#5 S1ac , &-> S1pc • #,A#,
pc ac
] S2 Bh , A,A#, S1 (tops lost, unmetrical) , #,A#,A S2 S3 3d #, ]
S2S3RABh , #, S1 • # ] S2S3ABh , S1 4a > ! ] S2Bh , 5 ! S1 (tops
lost) , 5 ! S3 4c # ] S2S3Bh , #cc S1 4d #2,c ] S1S2pc S3Bh , #2,
ac
S2 (unmetrical)
268
280
(281)
+2"5
269 e2'# 9
я $ % ( (,*0 ।

.
;>; ;, 0
;।
ap hy c 6$ r ॥ 5॥
} ; (9 , ( ।
9 }9 6 c ॥ 6॥

6tt T
tt pr ;।

$
;%B, %B 6$ ;,
;॥ 7॥

+, { (c y ।
kt
R uLMY ॥ 8॥
r uLM Y nn (।
(
B ( ( $ #॥ 9॥
5a я ] R 5c ,# ] ,#" , R 5d + M ] + M

g R 6b + " ' ] +"' R 6c #5 ] "#, R 6d ##,2-
# ] ##,2 # R 8a ' ] "' R • 2 &+ ] 2 &+ R 8c + |+ ]
+ vv
R 8d uIJR,! ] uIJR R 9b uIJRnn2 ] uIJR ,2
R
5cd ,#+ M ] ,#+6 "dy # A3A7 , ,#+6 "dy
A5 (unmetrical) 5f r# ] pr# A 6a & ] & A3A7pc , #
ac
A5A7 6b + ] A3A7 , + A5 (unmetrical) 6c #5 ] A3 , Q#5 A5 , + -
2 A7 • &5#, ] A3A7 , &5#, A5 6d 2 # ] 2 # A3A7 , 2tt# A5 7a
#,2tt ] A3A7 , #,2tt A5 7c ] ' A3A7 , ' A5 (unmetrical) 7d - ]
- A 8a ' ] A7 , "' A3A5 • 2 &+ ] 2 &+ A3A7 , 2 # + A5 8c
+ |+ ] + |c A 8d uIJR,! ] uIJR ! A7 , u{ : A3} ! A3A5 • ] # A
9a ' ] ' A3A7 , ' A5 (unmetrical) 9b uIJRnn2 ] uIJR ,2 A7 ,
u ,2& A3 , u ,2& A5 (unmetrical) 9c "' ] A5 , "; A3 , ' A7 •
# ] A3 , # A7 , # A5 9d '"" ] A3 , ! "" A5 , "" A7
5(b 2) S2 8(a 1) S1
pc ac
5b ""2 ] S2S3RABh , 2g"2 S1 • #,:, ] S1S2 RABh , #,:, S2 , #5-
:, S3 5c ] S2S3RABh , S1 • ] S2S3 , S1 ,
Bh (em.?) 5f -+ ] S2S3RABh , -+ S1 • r# ] S1S2S3R , pr# Bh
6a & ] RBh (em.?) , & S1 , &
S2S3 6b + ] S1pc S2S3A3A7 ,
ac
+ S1 , pr Bh (conj.?) • " ' ] ABh , " # S1 , " ' S2S3 6c &5#, ]
S1S2RA3A7Bh , &5#5 S3 6d 2 # ] S2S3pc RBh , tt#, S1 , 2 # S3ac 7a #,-
pc ac
2tt ] S1 S2S3RA3A7Bh , #,()tt S1 7b tt+ ! ] S2S3RABh , tt+ S1 • ]
S1S2S3ac RABh , S3pc 7c -! ] S1S2RABh , - S3 7d -! ] S2RBh , - S1 ,
- S3 8a 2 &+ ] S2S3Bh , 2 &+ S1 8b #b ] S1ac RABh , #b S1pc S2S3
8c + |+ ] S2S3Bh , + + S1 8d ] S1S2S3R , # Bh 9a #r ] S2S3RABh ,
#r S1 • ' ] S1RA5 , S2S3 , Bh (conj.?) 9b uIJRnn2 ] S1 , uIJR
,2 S2S3 (cf. app. on 42.9ab) , uIJ
R nn2 Bh (conj.?) 9d ! ] S2S3RABh , S1
269
281
(282)
+2"5
270 e2'# 9
~ LM ( (।

pr} 69O dvя॥ 10॥
6$ (6 ,।
a > T |9 ,॥ 11॥
O( > 6$ r (> (।
W > dy
+ ॥ 12॥
6
pr( > dy O(>।
я ,॥ 13॥
( ( )ll , $( > 69 (।
M (O(\. >C ,9 ।
B pr(dy
॥ 14॥
c ( B (O( 9 \. ।
a >C tt (6 9 #॥ 15॥
10a ] '
R 10d 5= ] ,= R 11c a M
] a
=M

R 11d o&5# ] o&5# R 12a #,="# M ] #,"# R 12d ]
R 14a ;ll& ] ,! + +ll&g R 14b 5#" ] 5,#" R 15c a'M? ]
a'M R
10a ] A7 , tt,! A3A5 10d 5= ] A3 , 5= A5 (unmetrical) , ,+ A7

ac ac
• #dvя ] #dvя A 11a "62 2 ] "6- 6{ 6 A3}2 A3A5 , (cc -{ A7 })62 A7
pc
(unmetrical) , (+) e2 "6 A7 11cd ] om. A 12a M ] A 12b "#M ] "-
#M{ A3} A 12d ] A 13b ,dy+ &
] A3A7 , ,_ & A5 13c 6 я ]
6 я A3A7 , A5 (unmetrical) 13d # ] A5A7 , # A3 14a "";-
ll& ] "" ;kt A 14b -" ] A3A5A7ac , -( A7pc 14c SM? # ] Skt
A± 14d ] A 15a c" ] +" A 15b "="#5 ] A3 , "="#, A5A7 15c
tt ] g"nn A 15d 25 ! ] 25 A
10a ] S1A7Bh ,
S2S3 • _ ] S1S2RABh , _ S3 10b IJ# ] S1S2R
ABh , IJ# S3 10d =# ] S2pc RA3Bh , =# S1 , =# S2ac S3 • #dvя ]
RBh (em.?) , #dvя S1S2S3 11a ] S1S2pc RA3A5Bh , S2ac S3 pc
• 2 2 ] S1S2S3 RBh ,
ac pc ac
2 2 S3 11b # ] S1S2S3 RABh , # S3 11d o&5# ] S1 , o&5 S2S3 ,
pc ac
o&5# Bh (em.?) • # ] S1S2 RBh , # S2 S3 12ab ] om. S1 • - ]
RABh , -g S2 , - S3 13a pr" ] S1pc S2RABh , pr"(pr) S1 , pr" S3
(unmetrical) 13b ,dy! ] S2RA3A7Bh , ,dy S1 , ,dy S3 13c я ] S2S3RBh , я S1
13d # ] S2pc RA5A7Bh , g# S1 , # S2ac S3 14a "",! ] S1S2pc S3RBh , "! S2ac
(unmetrical) • ll& ] S2Bh , ll& S1 , & S3 14b -", ] S2S3RA3A5Bh ,
-" S1 14c SM? ] S1S2RBh , SM S3 (unmetrical) 14e #,# ] S1S2RA
pc ac
Bh , ## S3 (unmetrical) • G ] S1S2 RABh , G S2 S3 14f ] S2pc RABh ,
ac pc ac
S1 , S2 S3 15a c" ] S2S3RBh , c#" S1 • G ] S1S2 RA , G S2 S3 ,
G Bh (conj.) 15b "="#5 ] S1pc S2S3RA3Bh , "="#5 S1ac (unmetrical) 15c tt ]
S1pc R , "tt. S1ac Bh , tt S2S3ac , 'tt S3pc 15d #" ] S2S3RABh , #dvя S1
270
282
(283)
+2"5
271 e2'# 9
,c ?n B( c pr(B #।

c (9, >
, 6$ Mdy nn 0।
dv 6$ pr(dy
॥ 16॥
c M nn jB ; pr* 0
।
> dv (॥ 17॥

,
pr(dy
LM
Y #।
utt9 ,c %B
% ॥ 18॥
i 69 ! ( (6 ,%B#।
;( (D , hy( 0 #॥ 19॥
( 9 e ॥ 41॥
16a ,&cQn& ! ] ,& c#" :n& ! R 16b c ] Rac , M Rpc 16c "5'-
M ] "ll2M? R 16d #Jdy,! ] #IJ
,! R 16f ] R 17a J nn,! ]
IJnn R 17cd &,+6 ] &, 6 R 17d dv ] d R 18a
pr"dy ] prL R 18b IJR ] IJR R 18c utt&5c ] utt&5c R 19a 5-
#( ' ] , &#(' R 19b 2 ] 2 , R 19d "6 ] "6 R •

! ] ## R Col. i# r&+2"5 a#"6,2p, , R
16a ,&cQn& ! ] ,&{ & A7} + #&{ & A5 , ,& A7} ! A 16b "G-

! ] A7 , "Gя ! A3A5 16c–18b ] om. A 18d 9A ] A7pc , A A3A7ac , A A5
19a 5 #( ' ] 5dy &{ dy A5 (unmetrical)}#(' A3A5 , ,Lя 9 &#(-
' A7 (unmetrical) 19b 2 ] 2 A3A5 (unmetrical) , 2 ! A7 (unmetrical)
19c ] , "# { A7ac , G A7pc }25 A (unmetrical) 19d ## ' ] ## ', A
(unmetrical) • "6 ] A3A5 , "6 A7 Col. i'#"{ " A7}6,2p , A (A7
adds 41)
18(a 8)b 1–b 2(b 3–b 7, c 3, d 2–d 3) S3 19(b 2) S1, (b 4, b 8–b 9, c 4, d 2) S3
16a ,&c ] em. , ,&c S1 , ,& c S2pc , ,& cc S2ac S3 (unmetrical) , ,& c
Bh (em.?) 16c 'M ] S2S3Bh , '#'M, S1 (right side lost) 16d #Jdynn ]
pc
S1S2Bh , #Jdy , S3 17a J ] S1S2S3 , J Bh (em.?) • nn,! ] S1S2
S3Bh , (nn)nn S2 17b я G ,! ] S2RBh , я G S1S3 17cd &,+6 ] S2S3 , &,
6 S1 , nn,! 6 Bh (conj.?) 18a pr ] S2S3Bh , pr# S1 18c utt&5c ] S3A
pc ac
Bh , utt&ic S1S2 • AG ] S1S2 RABh , AG S2 S3 18d 9A ] S1pc RA7pc Bh , ()
A S1 , A S2S3 19a i ] S2RABh , i S1 , i S3 (tops of lost, unmetrical)
• #( ' ] S2S3Bh , ' S1 19b 2 ] S2S3Bh , 2 ' S1 19cd 2
pc
## ' ] S2 S3RBh , 2g ### ' S1 (unmetrical) , 2#5+#+# ' S2 19d

! ] ABh , ## S1S2S3 (i# part of col.) Col. 20 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5
,2i, a#"6 ,॥ S1 , +2"5
2'#!# ॥ S2 , ॥ +2"5 dy
41 (in letter numerals)॥ S3 , i# +2"5 ,25, a#"6, , e2'# Bh
271
283
(284)
+2"5
272 dv'# 9
dv ।
, ।
a ( ;9 ( (pr9 #।
69
( ( (,% #॥ 1॥
;9 ( {kLMnn{ % ।

>?0 (B9 , $ > ॥ 2॥
ullh(
; ,,%
;,; LM( ;(।
;c | ;c
; $;(।
g
;
Y , ; ( ; . ॥ 3॥
a( ;c ;6,$
;я ; 6 ।
;.
~ ,9
%6 ॥ 4॥
1b 5,&! ] 5#,&! R 1c 9# ]

#d R 1d A! ] A"! R 2a
,& 5& ] ,& 5& R 2b A ] A! R 2c 2 #+M ] 2
#+ R • "G5 ]
"G5? R 2d ] R 3a ullg"2 ] uddg2 R 3d 2 ] i2 R 3e -
VR2 ] &5gVR R 3f 2 ] 2 R 4a c ! ] + M R 4b
] 2 R
1a 5& ] A3A7 , 5& A5 1b "" ] "" A5A7 (unmetrical) , A3 • 5-

,&! ] A3 , 5,& A5 , 5#, A7 1c 9# ] a# A3ac (unmetrical) , # A3pc A7
(unmetrical) , # A5 1d A! ] A A 2d - ] - 5 A 3ab
ullg"2A22 ] ucc"-{ - A5} A22 A3A5 , ucc"-+2+22 A7 3cd ]
om. A 3f 2 ] A3A5 , 2 A7 4a c ! ] + M A 4b + &я ] A7 ,
+ &:я A3 , + & я A5 • ] A3 , A5A7 4d , ,#A ] , ,#
A3 , , # A5 (unmetrical) , ,,# A7 (unmetrical) • ] A3 , A5A7
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.11b (f. 72v) and 6.11a (f 73r); S2 exposures 57a
(f. 64v) and 57b (f. 65r); S3 (upto 15b 4) f. 70v; S4 (from 15b 5) exposure 2a (f. 71r); R f. 87v–88r;
A3 f. 51r–51v; A5 f. 96v–97v; A7 f. 72r–72v.
1(c 1) S2, c 4(c 5, c 7) S3 2(a 2)a 3 S1 3(c 5–d 2) S1 4(c 7) S1, a 2–a 3 S2
1 ] RABh , g u S1 , u S2S3 1a 5& ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , 5&
S3 1b "" ] S1S2RBh , "" S3 • pr5,&! ] S2S3A3Bh , pr,,&! S1 1c 9-
ac
# ] em. , ={ v S1 } # S1 , # ! S2 , –˘ (#) S3 , =# Bh (em.?)
• "6 ] S2S3RABh , "6 S1 1d A! ] S2pc Bh , A S1S3 , A! S2ac 2d
] em. Bh , ! S1S2S3 3a ullg" ] S1S2Bh , u" S3 3ab 22 2IJ" ]
S2RA3A5Bh , 2g2 2IJ" S1 , 2 2 2J" S3 3e VR! ] S1ABh , VR! S2 , (VR
pc ac
S3 • 2 ] S2 ABh , 2 S1 , 2 S2 S3 3f #"# ] S2RABh , #"# &
S1 , #"# S3 • 2 ] S2S3A3A5Bh , 2 S1 4a -! ] S2Bh , -! S1 ,
- S3 4b я ] S2RA3A7Bh , яc S1 , я S3 • ] S2S3A3Bh , S1
4d , ,#A ] S2S3R , ,, S1Bh
272
284
(285)
+2"5
273 dv'# 9
~ %$, .#।

5 ~
Tdv( 9C
%.#॥ 5॥
O6 ,9;5 ,~ T %, ।
~ ( y ॥ 6॥
( ; ;. ।
*d %} ;¢,+ %।
$ hy c y ॥ 7॥
+, {%,6 dv
; † ( ( $ †।
kt BLM Y + (

; ( (॥ 8॥
r uLM Y nn (।
(
B ( ( $ #॥ 9॥
ac
6a =2 ] 2 R 6d #b ] =2 R 7c # , , ] # ,{ ,
R } R
7d A ] A- R 7e hy ] hy R 8a dv ] dv R 9a #r ] #r(¨ )
R 9ab ' uIJRnn2 ] ' uIJR
,2
R 9d '"" - ! ] '""+ - R
5b A- ] A- A 5c dv&#" ] A7 , dv&" A3A5 5d #A,2 ] #

,A2
A3A5 , #+ A 2 A7 6a 6 ] + A 6b C_##A# ] A3A5 , CC_ ! #-
#A# A7 6c ,& ] A3A7 , ,& A5 6d "' ] A5 , ' A3A7 7b 2 ] A7 ,
u;2 A3A5 7c :d ] nnd A 7d A ª##A ] A- { A5A7} #-
#A A 7e hy ] hy A 7f , c ] A7 , , {, A5} A3A5 8a 2 &! ]
2 & A3A7 , 2 & A5 • dv ] ! A3A5 , ! A7 8b ! ] A3 , ! A7 , om. A5
(unmetrical) 8c kt+ G IJR
] ktdyIJ
R {
A3A5} A 8d "' ] A3A5 , '
A7 9a #r ] #r+ A • ] A7 , A3 (unmetrical) , A5 • ' ] ' A
9b uIJRnn2 ", ] A- { A5A7} ##A A (cf. 7d) 9c "' ] ' A7 ,
A3 , ", A5 • # ] A3 , # A7 , # A5 9d '"" ] A5 , '"" A3A7
5(d 2) S2 7(b 1, c 3) S3
5a +! ] S1S2RABh , + S3 • _ ] S2S3RABh , _ S1 5b A- ] S2RBh , -

pc
A- S1S3 5c 2&5? ] S1S2RABh , 2&i S3 5d # A ] S1 S2S3RBh , # A
ac
S1 • , ] S1S2S3R , b Bh (conj.) 6ab 25+ ! ] S2RABh , 2g5 S1 ,
pc
2g5+ S3 6b _##A ] S1S3RA3A5Bh , _#A S2 (unmetrical) • # ] S1S2
RA3A5Bh , #dd S2ac , # S3 6c ,& ] S2RA3A7Bh , ,& S1 , ,& S3 6d
+ ] S1RABh , + M S2S3 7b 2 ] S1S2S3pc RA7Bh , () 2 S3ac 7c # , , ]
S1S2S3pc ABh , om. S3ac (unmetrical) • :d ] S1S2S3R , ,d Bh 7d A ] S2S3Bh ,
ac pc pc ac
A- S1 • ª##A ] S1 RBh , Lª##A S1 , Lª##A S2S3 , я##A S3
ac pc
7e hy ] S2 Bh , hy S1S2 S3 7f , c ] S2S3RA7Bh , # S1 • #b-
] S1RABh , #b S2S3 8a 2 &A dv ] em. , ! 2 & "I S1 , 2 &
A dv S2S3 , ! 2 & ' Bh (conj., Bh suggests "' in a note) 8b - ] S2S3
RABh , - S1 8c kt+ G IJR ] S2RBh , ktv+ IJR S1 , ktv+ G IJR S3 8d "' ]
S2S3RA3A5Bh (or in S3) , ' S1 9a #r ! ] S1pc S2S3Bh , #r S1ac 9ab
ac
' uIJ R nn2 ] em. , ' uIJ R nn2 S1 , uIJ R
,2
{ 2! S2 } S2 , uIJ R
,2
S3 , uIJR ,! ,2 Bh (conj.) 9d '"" ] S2S3A5Bh , '"" S1 • ! ] S2S3ABh ,
S1
273
285
(286)
+2"5
274 dv'# 9
utt9, LM Y
pr(dy
।
9 , + (,
+ (6>(6>#॥ 10॥
{ . 0, hytt tt#।
uLMY 9
,+
; (6>(6>#।
sr 0, ( + ,9
; ॥ 11॥
LM ~ g ।
69O h L ~॥ 12॥
%( c ; ।
c p pr c LM।
^> B (+ [ > 6я
#॥ 13॥
a (c $ я ( ।
a( c
; W % ॥ 14॥
> (O9 B+ c ।
g g > c prB+ #॥ 15॥
10c &5 9 ] &i tt R 11c uIJR5 ] uIJR,,! R 11e sr ] r
R 12c 5= ] 5=
R 12cd gI ] gGI R 13a " ] " R
14a + ] c R 14b я, " ] я " R 15a "=2#5&, ] "=25&,! R
10a utt&5 ] A3A7 , utt&5 A5 • IJR ] A7 , A3A5 10b ] ,! A
10c &5 9 ] & { : A3 , pr A7}tt A 11a 2 ] A7 , 2 A3A5
11b hy ] N A 11c uIJR5 ] uIJR,,! A7 , u, A3 , u, A5 11e "6 ]
A5 , "6 A3A7 12c 5= ] A3A5 , ,= A7 12cd gI,,! ] ,+ uI,
A 13ab ] om. A7 13a # ] A3A5 • " ] A3A5 13b ]
A3 , A5 (unmetrical) 13d c6 ] c, A 13e G6 ] A3A7 , G6 A5 13f
"& ] A3A7 , "& A5 14b -
6 ] - 65{ 5 A5 , , A7} A • я, " ]
A3A5 , я " A7 15b c ] + A 15c VV ] A7pc , VV A3A5A7ac
10(a 7) S2 11(f 7) S1 12(d 1–d 3, d 6–d 8) S3 14(b 4) S3

ac pc
10a utt&5 ] RA3A7Bh , utt&i S1S2S3 • , ,! ] S1RABh , S2 , (, ) S2 ,
, S3 10b ] S1S2RBh , S3 10c &5 ] RBh (em.?) , &M S1 , &i&
S2 , &i S3 • ",! ] S1S2RABh , ", S3 10d "Ms"M2! ] S2S3RABh , "M! "M2! S1
(unmetrical) 11a 2 ] S1RA7Bh , 2 S2 , 2 S3 11cd 22+ ] S1RA
ac
Bh , 22{ S2 }+ S2S3 11e sr ] S1ABh , sr S2S3 12c 5= ] A3A5Bh ,
5v S1 , 5= S2S3 12cd gI ] S2pc S3Bh , gI S1 , +I S2ac 12d -
,_ ] S2S3RABh , ,_++ S1 13a # ] S2pc RBh , # S1 , # S2ac S3 (unmetrical)
13b c, ] S2pc RABh , c,, S1S2ac S3 13c ,), ] S1RABh , ,), S2S3 13d c6 ]
S1RBh , c, S2S3 13e G6 ] S1S3RA3A7Bh , G6! S2 13f "& ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , "&-
S1 14a a"c ] S1S2ac S3RA , a"c S2pc Bh pc
• ] S1S2 S3RABh , ( ) S2
ac
14b
pc ac pc
, " ] S2 A3A5Bh , , " ! S1 , , " S2 S3 14c ] S1S2 S3RABh , S2ac
14d ] S2S3RABh , S1 15a "=2#5&, ] S1S3ABh , "#=2#5&,! S2 15b G2 ]
S2S3RABh , G S1 15c V ] S2S4RA7pc Bh , S1
274
286
(287)
+2"5
275 dv'# 9
(dm c dv ( ,।

(>> 6 ( > , % ।

, ~ pr(dy
0 ॥ 16॥
i %pr9 69 nn d* 0#।
pr %
;9g#॥ 17॥
( 9
dv ॥ 42॥
ac
16cd ] M+{tt
c R } M я vv я A ! R 17a 5,& ] 5#,&!
R 17b :,&! ] #,& R 17c A,& ] A#,& R 17d #g,&! ] #g5&## R
Col. i# r&+2"5
b>
5&2M,nn R
16a "#dm,& ] A3A5 , "#-5 A7pc , "#dm5 A7ac 16cd ] g

{ A5} M я я -
A ! A± 17a 5,& ] A3A5 , ,,& A7 17b 5,! ] A3A5 , ,,! A7 •
:,&! ] #,& A 17c # A,& ] #AA#,&{ 5& A7} A 17d # ] # A3
A7 , # A5 • 5&#g,&! ] 5& ##{ dd A7},& A Col. i# 5&,2{ 2
A5}2M, A± (A7 adds 42)
16(a 8) S1 17(b 5)b 6–d 8 S4
16a "#dm,& ] S2S4RA3A5Bh , "dm,& S1 • c ] S2S4RABh , + S1 16b dv#" ] S2S4R

ABh , dvM S1 16cd ] conj. , "#M+M
#" 'M, Ak S1 , M+ M
я {я S4} я A ! S2S4Bh 16f , ] S1pc S2S4RABh , , S1ac
17a iA ] S2S4RABh , iA S1 • 5,& ] S2A3A5Bh , 5,& S1S4 17b -
5,! ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , 5 S4 • d ] S2RABh , g S1 • :,&! ] S1 ,
::,& S2 (unmetrical) , ,& Bh 17c A,& ] S2Bh , A,& S1 17d # ] S1
S2pc RBh , # S2ac • #g,&! ] Bh , #,&## S1 (i# part of col.) , #g,&## S2S4
(i# part of col.) Col. 20 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5 ,2i, 5&nn॥ S1 ,
+2"5 dv'#!# ॥ S2 , ॥ +2"5 42 (in letter numerals)॥ S4 ,
i# +2"5 ,25, 5&, #dv'# Bh
275
287
(288)
+2"5
276 6c'# 9
c ।
, ।
a ( pr} ( ( #।
a ~ s ,pr 9% #॥ 1॥

(?+ ~ % ।
*. t , v > ॥ 2॥
a > (DW ppr (#।
( 6 hy > ( ~ ॥ 3॥
a%n ~ ; ;> ( я।
$;~ , ;я, d ?9#॥ 4॥
+, {> pt ,9 ।
uLM Y + > ~ pr pn
॥ 5॥
2b A ] я+ R 2d ] vv R 3a a+2 ] a+2 R 3b

9#), ] #" R 3c
,#" ]
,# R 4a a#An# _, ] a#n# 5, R
5ab 2 &+ M pt # ] 2 & pt "# R 5cd _ , ] _
, R
1 ] om. A 1b "",,! ] # Q5 A 1c a _,## ] A7 , a , i#

A3A5 1d pr#5 ] "#" A 2b 5–3b 5 ] om. A3 , A2 (f. 113v) is used for A3. 2b
A ] я+ A 2c t ] A2 , ' A7 , ' A5 (unmetrical) 3a
a+2 ] a"- A2A5 , a- A7 3b 9#),pr ] { " A5} hy#), A
3c
,#" ] ,#Ac A 3d _, ] A3A7 , _, A5 4a a#An# ] a#n# A •
+ ] A7 , ;+ A3A5 4d + я#d ] + я# A 5ab 2 &+ M pt -
# ] 2 # pt{ pt A3A5} я A 5c uIJR
] я A 5c _ ] A7 , _
A3A5
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.11a (f 73r) and 6.10b (f. 73v); S2 exposures
57b (f. 65r) and 58a (f. 65v); S4 exposures 2a (f. 71r) and 1a (f. 71v); R f. 88r–88v; A3 f. 51v–52r;
A5 f. 97v–98v; A7 f. 72v–73r.
1(c 3) S4 2d 4(d 5–d 8) S1, (c 8) S2pc , (d 2)d 3–d 8→ S4 3(a 1) S1, ←a 1–b 8 S4 5(d 5–d 8) S1,
c –d → S4
6 8
pc pc
1 ] R , g u S1 , u S2S4 , om. Bh 1c a _, ] S1S2 S4 RA7Bh ,
ac ac
a я, S2 S4 2a 6 ] S2pc S4RABh , 6 ! S1 , 6 S2 2b #22 ] S1
S2pc RABh , #2k S2ac , #22 S4 2c : ] S1S2RABh , : S4 • t ]
S2pc RA2Bh , ' S1S4 , S2ac (unmetrical) 3a #"> ] S1RABh , #"> S2 3b
] A2A7Bh (em.?) , S1S2 3c
,#" ] S1S2 ,
,#" S4 ,
,#A Bh
pc ac
(conj.?) 3d _, ] S1 S2S4RA3A7Bh , _, S1 4c -! ] S2RABh , - S1S4 4cd
pc ac
+ я#d ] S2 RBh , + я# S1 , + я#d S2 S4 5a 2 &+ M ] S1Bh , 2 -
& S2S4 5c _ ] A7Bh (em.?) , _ S1S2
276
288
(289)
+2"5
277 6c'# 9
e
(?+ LMY #।
pr} a ,< nn 0 #॥ 6॥
(
( (BE ।
a (
> %।
> prTя ; ap [ > .¤ #॥ 7॥
* .>,6
c 6 я tt> ।
> ( kl* 0॥ 8॥
%
T c 0tt !5 c
।
( > *,d , % (॥ 9॥
( ,c; % C ( c ; 0 #।
% , ( ( + ?L ॥ 10॥
6a e ] e R 7b ] R 7c a 2# ! ] a 2#c ! R 7d 2# ] 2#

R 8a M2 ] 2 R 8d kl&: ] -& R 9a c# ] ,! c#A
R 9c :#d! ] #tt! R 10b "6c# ! ] "6c#A! R 10c "6 ] "6c
R
6a e ] e A 6b IJR ,2 ! ]

6 ,2 " A 6d a ] A 7a
"
, ] ",, A3A5 , "5 , A7 7b ] A 7c 2##'+6 #" ] #2# ! #pr #"
A 7d 2##A ] 2##A A5A7 , 2# A3 (unmetrical) 7e pr#я ] A5A7 , pr#я
A3 (unmetrical) 7ef a#), ] ,#), A3A5 , +9+#), A7 (unmetrical) 7f NM ]
A3A7 , N A5 (unmetrical) 8ab ] om. A7 8a M2 ] ,2 A3A5 8d M "
] N"Q A 8d , ] nn{ , A5}#"{ #" A7pc , A7ac } A 9a
c# tt ] ,! c#" tt
{ tt A5} A 9c M ] A • :#d! ] A3A7 , :#d A5
10a "# c ] A3 , "# c A5 , prcc A7 • A? ] A3A7 , A A5 10b "6c ]
A5A7 , "6c A3 • # ] A7 , #A A3A5 10c A ] A7 , A? A3A5 • "6 ]
+"6 A
6(a 1–a 3) S1, ←a 1–b 6(b 7) S4 8b 1–d 8 S4 9(a 1–a 2) S4 10(a 5) S4
6a e ] S2 , (e ) S1 (unmetrical) , e ! Bh (conj.) • "Q ] RABh , "Q S1S2

6c # ] S1S2RABh , S4 (unmetrical) 6d a#, H,! ] S2RBh , a#nnddH S1 ,
a#,ddH S4 • ,! ] S2S4RABh , ++ S1 7a ! ] S1pc S2S4RABh , ()-
! S1 7b ] S1S2RABh , S4 (unmetrical) 7c a 2# ! ] S2S4 , a #2#c
S1 , a 2#c ! Bh (conj.?) 7d 2# ] S1ac S4Bh , 2 pc
# S1 , 2# S2 7e pr#я-
] S2S4RA5A7 , pr #я S1 , pr#я Bh (typo) 7f a#), ] S2S4RBh , a#), S1 • NM ]
S1S4RA3A7Bh , N+ + S2 8a c ] S2S4RA3A5Bh , cc S1 8b ttM ] S2RA3A5Bh ,

'M S1 8c " ] S2RBh , "M S1 8d ] S2Bh , dy,! S1 9a A ¦ -
c# ] conj. , A |{() S1ac } # S1 , A ¦ c#" S2 , (A ¦ )c#" S4 (bottoms lost) ,
ac
A
¦ ,! c#A Bh (conj.) • tt ] S1RBh , S2S4 9b #c ] S2 S4RABh , c
pc pc ac

S1 , #cdd S2 9c :#d! ] S1S2 A3A7Bh , :#d S2 , :#d S4 10a A? ] S1S2pc R
A3A7Bh , A S2ac S4 • + ] S2S4RABh , + S1 10b "6c ] S1S4A5A7Bh , "6c S2
• # ] S2S4A7 , #A S1Bh 10c "6 ] S1RA , "6,! S2S4Bh
277
289
(290)
+2"5
278 6c'# 9
. dyc ,> , #।

dy 9 5 + ?L ॥ 11॥
i *( ( 9 69 nn -s , #।
pr9 % , ~ #॥ 12॥
( 9
c ॥ 43॥
11a ! ]
cc? R 11c #dy ]
R 12a 25 ] 25 R (unmetrical) 12b
,! ] , R 12d ] ) _, ! R (unmetrical) Col. i# r&+2"5
-
b>
a _,,2nn R
11a ! ]
cc,! A7 ,
v,! A3A5 11c #dy ] #dy A • #C#, ] A3A5 , #-
C#5 A7 11d ] A7 , 2 A3A5 12a 25 ] 25 A3A5ac A7 (unmetrical) , 2
A5pc (unmetrical) 12b 5 ] A3A5 , , A7 • '.p,! ] ' .p-
pc
A (unmetrical) 12c , # ] A7 , #{ & A3(unmetrical) , 5&
A7ac (unmetrical)} A3A5A7ac 12d ] ,{ nn A3}_ A3A7 (unmetrical) , _ -
A5 (unmetrical) Col. i' { A7pc }_,,2 , A± (A7 possibly adds a )
11b 3–d 8→ S4 12(a 11)a 12 S2pc , ←a 1–a 3(a 4–a 5, a 7–a 8)a 9(a 10) S4
11a 2& dyc ! ] S2S4Bh ,

2& c S1 11c #dy ] em. Bh (silently) , #dy
S1S2 • #C#, ] S2RA3A5Bh , #C#5 S1 12a i ] S1pc S2RABh , i i S1 •
ac pc
"" ] S2S4RABh , "" S1 (unmetrical) • 25 ] S1S2 Bh , ,() –˘ S2 (sec. hand) ,
– 5 S4 12b 5,! ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , 5 S4 • ,! ] S2S4 , vv S1 , -
5! Bh (conj.?) 12c pr5 ] S2RA , pr S1 , pr5 S4 (unmetrical) , pr ! Bh •
pc pc ac
# ] S2S4 RA7 Bh , # S1 (unmetrical) , ! S4 12d ,2 ] S1Bh , om. S2S4
(unmetrical) • _, ,! ] em. , _, ,2## S1 (i# part of col.) , -
, ,## S2S4 (unmetrical, i# part of col.) , _, ,2! Bh Col. 16 (in letter
ac
numerals)॥ +2"5 ,2i, a _,{ , S1 }nn॥ S1 , +2"5 6'#!#
॥ S2 , ॥ +2"5 , 43 (in letter numerals)॥ S4 , i# +2"5
,25, a _, , #6'# Bh
278
290
(291)
+2"5
279 c'# 9
c ।
, ।
a ( (dm pr} ,#।
6 .R O6 % #॥ 1॥
p ( 0h i E.#।
я [ hn9 , % ।
(dm(% , 0 h ॥ 2॥
h% . ^ ।

pr 6 h [ p ?9॥ 3॥
e ~ BLMY O(।
g
॥ 4॥
1a " "dm ] " "6 R 1d =2 &, ] 2 &, R 2a + ", ] +M", R 2b
g, ] , R 2c N ] яN# R 2d 5 ] i R • ] R 2f
g,+ + ] g, ", ", R 3c pr ] R 3d 9N#),# Q5 ] N#),-
# Q5 R 4b # + G ] "# hy R 4d ' ] , ,! R
1a " "dm ] "dm{ dy A5}nn A 1bc । 2 &,| ] A3A7 , | A5
(unmetrical) 2b g, ] N, A7 , G", A3A5 2c N ] "' A 2d
] A 2f g,+ + ] +{N A7}, A 3a ] ,!
A3 , ,! A5A7 3b ] . A5A7 , . A3 (unmetrical) 3c pr ] A 3d 9N-
#),# ] N#),# A 4a 6#, ] A3 , 6#5 A5 , 6#, A7 4b # + G IJR ]
# r A3A5 , #" +r
A7 4c #,g ] #,k A 4d ' ] ""tt,!
A3 , "" ,! A5 , ""+ ,! A7
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.10b (f. 73v) and 6.10a (f. 74r); S2 exposures
58a (f. 65v) and 58b (f. 66r); S4 exposure 1a (f. 71v); R f. 88v; A3 f. 52r; A5 f. 98v–99r; A7 f.
73r–73v.
1(b 6–b 8)c 1–d 8→ S4 2←a 1–b 4 S4 4a 1–d 3 S4
1 ] RABh , g u S1 , u S2S4 1b ! ] S2RA3A7Bh , S1 ,

( ) S4 (upper parts lost, unmetrical) 2a 6 ] S2RABh , + 6 S1 2b g, ]
S2Bh , g, S1 • L,! ] RABh , L S1 , L ! S2S4 2d 5 ] S4ABh , g
S1 , i S2 • A# ] S1S2RABh , A# S4 2e #,A ] S2RABh , #,A S1S4 2f
g ] S1S2Bh , g S4 3a + ] S2S4RABh , + + S1 3b ] S1S2R ,
S4 (unmetrical) , . Bh (em.?) • # U ] RABh , # U S1 , # U S2S4 3c
' prh# ] S2S4 , ' pr# h# S1 , ' prG# Bh (conj.) 3d 9N#),-
pc
# ] conj. , N#),# S1S2S4Bh 4a 6#, ] S1RA3Bh , 6#, S2 • _ ] S1S2 RA
ac
Bh , _ S2 4b # + G ] S2Bh , # + S1 • IJ R
=#" ] S1RBh , IJ R =#"
S2 (unmetrical) 4c + ] S1S2pc RABh , + S2ac pc
• #,g ] S1S2 RBh , #,#,+g S2
pc ac
4d ' ] S2Bh , S1 , · · ·' S4 • ] S1 S2S4RABh , S1
279
291
(292)
+2"5
280 c'# 9
?% C LM
dg?
।

!5 %$ cc dv [ %}9॥ 5॥
*
T hm9
dyc *. d
( ।
* .!5 ( 0 > ; ॥ 6॥
kl c я c LM9 #।
0 %
!5 c ॥ 7॥
,%$c ;
dv c ( | ।
| c; ap e ॥ 8॥
appr9 c +pr9c ।
a c T
LM 9 #।
>
; u(g> ( ॥ 9॥
5a QA? ] QAD! R 5b + ] +c R 5d A&5 ] A&5 R 6a :hm-

5 ] :hm5 R • dyc ] dy+ R 7a c ] + R 7c , +#A ] , –˘ +# Rac ,
pc
,nnH# R 8a +dv ] +g R 8b #o& ] #o! R 8c #o#2 ]
#o#5 R 8d a)'2 ] a)IJ2 R 9a 5 c ] 5c R
5a A? ] A3A7 , A? A5 5b Q+ ] Q vr A3 , Qv A5 , Q(C A7 •

]

tt A3 , tt A5A7 5d dvNA& ] nnN & A3A5 , dvyNA& A7 6a :hm5+ ]
A7pc , :hm5' A3A5 , :hm' A7ac (unmetrical) • dyc ] dy+ A 6b d 9#" ] A5 ,
dv A3 , dv #" A7 6d M ] A3A7 , om. A5 (unmetrical) 7a kl&c '-
я c ] o&c 'я c A3A5 , tt A# c A7 7b 5 ! ] 5 ,! A 7c
+#A ] N#A A 7d ] " A • (Cc ] A3 , Cc A5 , (C cc
A7 8ab ] om. A7 8a c ] 'я A3A5 8b c ",& ] 6 {" A5}"&
A3A5 8d a)'2 ] A3 , a)IJ2 A5A7 9a 3–b 2 ] om. A5 (unmetrical) 9a 5
c ] 5c A3A7 9d ,! ] ", A 9e , ] ,! A3A7 , ! A5
(unmetrical)
7a 1(a 2–a 5) S2, a 4–d 6(d 7) S4 8(a 1–a 4) S1 9(b 4) S1, d 7–d 8 S2, (f 6)f 7–f 8→ S4
5a A? ] S2S4A3A7Bh , A! S1 5b dgQ+ ] S2S4Bh , dg #vvtt S1 5c A- cc ]

S2RA , A-cc S1 , A- S4 , A- dy Bh (conj.) 5d dvN ] S2S4RBh , ccN S1
• A&5 ] S1S4A7Bh , A&5 S2 6d +6&,+ M ] S1S2RA3A7 , +6&,++ M S4 ,
+6&,+ Bh (conj.) 7a kl&c ] S4RBh , kl&c S1 , –˘ (c) S2 (upper parts lost)
ac pc
• 'я ] S1 S2RA3A5Bh , 'я S1 7b IJ5 ] S2RABh , IJ5 S1
pc ac
7c , +#A ] S2Bh , #gU S1 7d ] S1 S2RBh , S1 • c
] S2RA3A5Bh , c S1 , · · ·(c) S4 8a A-c ] S2S4R , ( A-)c S1 , A- Bh
(typo, unmetrical) 8b ",& ] S2S4RBh , "5& S1 8d a)'2 e ] S2S4A3 ,
a)'& #dvя S1 , a),'2 e Bh (typo, unmetrical) 9a a#),pr5 c ]
em. Bh (silently) , a#), pr cc S1 , a#),pr5 c S2S4 9b #pr5c ] RA3A7
Bh , #prc (pr)
S1 , #pr5c S2S4 9d IJ+6 5 ] S2RABh , +6 5 S1 ,
IJ65 S4 • ,! ] S1R , ˘ –˘ S2 , , S4Bh 9ef ] om. S2ac , S2pc has this i.m.
by sec. hand. 9e , ] S1S2pc RBh , , S4 (unmetrical)
280
292
(293)
+2"5
281 c'# 9
( my kt #।

e
, LM 6*d ॥ 10॥
i 69 6 dm pr ydm#।
T (dm 6 .dm#॥ 11॥
( 9
c ॥ 44॥
11a dm ] dm R 11b ] om. R 11d ] ,2 2A2c '##2+## R

(unmetrical) Col. i# r&+2"5 "dm,22M, R
10a "mb kt ] A3A7 , "b + A5 11a i 5 ! ] i 5{ ,
A7} ! A3A7 , i 5 ! A5 (unmetrical) • '2 dm ] '2',g A (unmetrical)
11b ] om. A 11cd ] , a ,2{a), ,2 A5} # "dm। ,2 2A-25 +'#-
#2dm{ A3A5} A (unmetrical) Col. i# "dm,22M, A± (A7 adds 44)
10←a 1–c 2(c 5) S4 11(a 8, d 7)d 8–d 11(d 12) S1
10a "mb ] S2RA3A7Bh , "bc S1 10b , ] S2RABh , c S1 10d

2 : ] S2S4RABh , 2 db S1 11a i ] S1S2pc S4R , i S2ac , i Bh • '2 ]
S2S4RA3Bh , 2( ){ " S1ac } S1 • dm ] S1S2 , dm S4Bh 11b bdm! ]
S1ac , b"dm S1pc , b dm S2 , bdm S4Bh 11c "dm ] S2RABh , "dm S1pc S4 , dm
ac pc ac
S1 11d ,2 ] S1S2ABh , ,2 S4 (unmetrical) • '# ] S2 Bh , '# S1S2 S4
• # ] S2Bh , ( ) ˘ S1 ( or ) , # S4 • dm! ] S2S4 , – –˘ ## S1 (i# part of
col.) , dm Bh (em.?) Col. 12 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5 ,2i, "dm ,॥ S1 ,
+2"5 '#!# ॥ S2 , ॥ +2"5 , 44 (in letter numerals)॥
· · · S4
281
293
(294)
+2"5
282 "c'# 9
(c ।
, ।
(dmc +,9।

~ % ॥ 1॥
яB 0; D
;,~,6 9 ( (,9 #।
u6 6 R LM ; (॥ 2॥

%$ O6 9।
(dm(% я 0 h p- #॥ 3॥
a. ~
9 !6 (।
y
( 6 LM ?9 ॥ 4॥
a J > , c ppr% ।
lO ! 9 ॥ 5॥
1a "dm+ ! ] "dm M R 2a 2>! ] + bg+! R 2b 2#5! ] 2g5!

R 2d IJ# ] IJ# R 3a A-#' ] A-#' R 3d g ] g R 4c
b
9"' IJ# ] b "y IJ# R 5a D+ ] + R 5d 5+ ]
,+ R
1a + c ] + M A 1b 5 ] A3A5 , , A7 1d #,A ] #

A3 A7 ,
#, A5 2ab 2>#,_5 ] >#,{#, A5}_5 A 2b 2#5! ]
25 A 3b +#, ] #,+ A • =2 ] A3 , 2 A5 , ,2 A7 3d g ]
+ A3A5 , N A7 4a a,, _ 5 ] a, , +{ b A5}_ 5 A3A5 , a
ac pc
,2 _ 5 A7 (unmetrical) , a ,_ A7 4b (&2 ] G&2 A3 (unmetrical) ,
&2tt A5 , &2 A7 (unmetrical) 4cd ] om. A 5a D+ ] + A 5c
#l=# ] #kl=# A7 , #klH# A3A5 5d (5+ + ] A3A7 , i 5+ A5
(unmetrical)
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.10a (f. 74r) and 6.9b (f. 74v); S2 exposures 58b
(f. 66r) and 59a (f. 66v); S3 (from 1a 8) f. 72r; S4 (upto 1a 7) exposure 1a (f. 71v); R f. 88v–89r; A3
f. 52r–52v; A5 f. 99r–99v; A7 f. 73v–74r.
1speaker indication–a 7 S4 3(a 2)a 3–a 5 S1
1 ] RABh , g u S1 , u S2 1ab #, ] S2S3RBh , #,
S1 1b 5 ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , 5 S1 1c 6 ] S2S3RABh , 6 S1 • _ ]
S2S3RABh , .( S1 1d #,A ] S1S2pc RBh , #nnA S2ac , #,A S3 2a ]
S1S2Rpc Bh , S3 2ab 2>#,_5 ] em. , 2> #,_5 S1 , 2>#nn_5! S2 , 2> #nn_5
S3 , 2>#,_5 Bh (em.?) 3c #,A ] S1S2RABh , #,A S3 (unmetrical) 4c 9"' ]
S2Bh , pr' S1S3 5a D+ ] S2S3 , & S1 , + Bh • , ] S2S3RABh ,
, S1 5b , ] S1S2pc RABh , , S2ac S3 pc
• prA ] S2 RABh , prA S1 , prA S2 S3
ac
5d 5+ ] S1ABh , 5+ S2S3
282
294
(295)
+2"5
283 "c'# 9
6$ c * (O(\.(9।

r y , ap +,
( ॥ 6॥
. c *hv® lO ।
c p9 ,% %6 #।
e+ (dm pr,॥ 7॥
9, c
; 6 ।
( R + ,॥ 8॥
c ,6 tt r9 (Bя।
6+. r *TB LM 6 9 ( (।
6 h dv ( *, d* T ,hm9 ॥ 9॥
*
T hm9 R a r я ।
nn 06 LM 6 9 dv (
॥ 10॥
6b ] R 6d # ] tt# R 8c 9| # ] |

# R 8d 2& 2 ] 2&-
tt,! R 9f 5 ] 5, R 10c nn#2 + ] nn#2 + R 10d
dv ] tt ! R
6a -c ] A7pc , -c A3 , -c A5 , :hmc A7ac • 6 : ] : "6 A 6b "=" ]
A, A5 , A, A3 , A, A7 • S"#65 ] A3 , S#65 A5 (unmetrical) , 2"#65
A7ac , S"#=", A7pc 6c r# ] A3A7 , r A5 6d a#), # ] a#),, hy
A • 9#" ] A5 , ", A3A7 7a :hv ] A7 , :dy A3 , :| A5 7ab 6+
#l=# ] 6c#l=# A3 , 6c#=# A5 , 6 #n=# A7 7c c ]
pc ac
A3A7 , c A5A7 7c A ] A7 , ,! A3A5 8a 3–9b 8 ] A5 repeats this after
9d 2. 8b & ] & A 8c "6 ] "6& A 8d 2& 2 ] { A7},-
2&tt, A 9a tt ] A7 , tt A3 , A5A5∗ (unmetrical) 9b r5, ] { Q
A5∗}5 N A 9c ] A3 , A5 (unmetrical) , A7 9d ]
A5 repeats 8a 3–9b 8 between d 2 and d 3. 9e h& ] A3A7 , # A5 9f 5 ]
5, A 10b я#, ] #, A3A5 , #, Qя# A7 10cd #+nn#2
+IJ ] +#2 + ! A5 , + ,! pr:G A3A7 10d dv ] tt !
A3A7 , ! A5
6(a 8)b 1–b 3 S1 7(e 6) S1 8d 3–d 5 S1

6a 6 : ] S1S2pc R , 6 : S2ac S3 , :+ 6 Bh (conj.) 6b "=" ] S2S3R , "=
Bh (conj.) 6c r# ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , # S1 6d a#), ] S1S2RBh , a#), S3 7a
pc ac
:hv ] RA7Bh , :hv S1 , : S1 , :hv S2S3 7ab + 6+ ] S2pc RBh , + -
ac
, S1 , + 6+ S2 S3 7b ] S1RABh , #" S2pc , # S2ac S3 7d ,! ]
pc ac
S1S2RA7Bh , S3 • ,,! ] S2 RA7Bh , nn S1 , nn S2 S3 7f 2&# ]
pc ac
S1S2 RABh , 2&# S2 S3 8c 9| # ] S2S3ABh , | ' S1 8d ] S2S3R ,
pc ac
G= Bh (conj.) • 2& 2 ] S1 , 2&#tt2 S2 , 2&#tt S2 , 2&#tt S3 , 2&#52
Bh (conj., in a note Bh records both 2#52(sic.) and 2&#tt2 as variants in S2) 9a tt ]
S1RA7Bh , dvtt S2S3 9b r5, ] S1S2ac S3R , r5,! S2pc Bh 9e h& ] S1S2S3R
A3A7 , 5& Bh (typo, unmetrical) • :#d! ] S2RABh , :#d S1S3 9f 5 ]
S3Bh , 5" S1pc , 5 ()" S1ac , 5g S2 10c #+nn# ] conj. , #+nn#
S1S2Bh , #+,# S3 10cd +IJ ] S3 , , +IJ S1Bh , ++ +HJ S2 10d
dv ] S2S3Bh , cc S1
283
295
(296)
+2"5
284 "c'# 9
gr9 T,> >

; я c ।
%kt
R dvя c pr(dy
॥ 11॥
(
dyc (> ( #।
v c 6,tt 0,> ( ।

9 ,rj c nn % ॥ 12॥

, pr(dy
।
kt ,

nn ॥ 13॥
e
,\.*0 ।
+9 *d я { +॥ 14॥
11ab #,M+ ] #,)>+ R 11c #dvя c ] #dvя

|c R 11d pr"dy ] "dy R
12a ] R • dyc ] dy+ R 12c
vc ]
vc R 12d M#" ]
g+ M R 12e
5rjc ]
rjc R 13c ¨kt ] M pr kt R 14a
e # ] "# R
11a r5 ] A3A5 , pr A7 • #,

M! ] #, M,! A7 , #,
M,! A3A5 11b -
я&2 ] я&2 A 11c Akt ] Akt A • #dvя c ] #dvя
A 11d pr"dy ]
pr# "dy { A5} A 12a ] ,! A3A7 , Q,! A5 • dyc ] dy+ A 12c tt ]
A3A7 , tt A5 (unmetrical) 12d ] ?+ A 12e
5rjc ] r-
ac pc
jc A3A5 , ?cc A7 , prgc A7 12f #nn#A ] #nn#A A3A5 ,
ac pc
#nn# { #A A7 ? } M A7 ? 13b + ] + A (unmetrical) 13c ¨kt ]
MNkt A 13d nn ] , A 14a # ] " A3 , , A5 , #"
A7 14c :d ] g: A 14d я ] A3A7 , A5 (unmetrical) • 2& 2# ]
A7 , 2&2# A3A5
11a 8–b 2 S1 12(c 5, d 6, e 1) S1, (e 7–e 8) S2 13b 2–b 5 S1 14(c 3) S2
pc
11a r5 ] S1S2S3RA3A5 , r5 Bh (conj.) • #, M! ] S2 , #, –˘ S1 , #, M
S2ac Bh (typo?) , #,M S3 11b я&2 ] S1S3RABh , я&#2 S2 • ] S2S3RABh ,

! S1 11c #dvя c ] S2S3Bh , #dvя #' S1 11d pr"dy ] S1 , pr"dy S2S3 ,
pr"dy Bh (em.?) 12a ] S2S3Bh , ,! S1 12b ,M ] S2S3RABh , nnM S1 12c
vc ] S2S3ABh , v(c) S1 • tt ] RA3A7Bh , #, S1 , dvtt S2 , dv S3
(unmetrical) 12d ] S1S2S3RA , Bh (conj.?) 12e rjc ] A3A5 , r jc S1
(unmetrical) , r(jc) S2 (lower parts effaced) , rjc S3 , r j! Bh (conj.?) 12f
] S2S3RABh , S1 13a 2 ,#+ ] S2RA , ,#+ 2 S1Bh , 2 ,#+
S3 13b + ] S2RBh , · · · S1 , S3 13c ¨ ] S1S2Bh , Iy S3 • ]
S2S3RABh , S1 13d nn ] S2RBh , , S1S3 14a # ] S2S3Bh , #
S1 14b :, ] S2pc RABh , :, ! S1 , :, S2ac S3 14c pc
] S1 S2S3RABh ,
S1ac • :d ] S2S3RBh , : S1 14d я ] S1RA3A7Bh , я S2S3 (unmetrical)
• 2& 2# ] S2S3RA7 , 2& #, S1Bh
284
296
(297)
+2"5
285 "c'# 9
69 dy i я + nn . % ।

;
0pr

; #॥ 15॥
( 9
(c ॥ 45॥
15c ] R • # ] # R 15d ## , # ] #

# , "#
R • 2# ! ] 2### R Col. i# r&+2"5
"dm2M, R
15b A ] , A A (unmetrical) 15c ##pr

# ]
#prpr
# A (unmetrical)
15d
# ] A7 ,
# A3A5 • # ] A3 (unmetrical) , ! A5 (unmetrical) ,
tt A7 (unmetrical) Col. i# "dm,22M, A (A3A5 add 44 , and A7 adds 45)
15(a 12, b 9, b 12) S1, a 2(a 4)a 10(a 11–b 1, b 4, b 8) S2
15a 5dy ] S1pc S3RABh , 5dy S1ac , + ˘ +(dy) S2 • ##я' ] RA , #я' S1
(unmetrical) , ##' S2 (tops lost) , ##' S3Bh (conj.?) • ,! ] S1S3RA , – (,!) S2 ,
&,! Bh (conj.?) 15b 2 ] S1S2pc RABh , 2 S2ac S3 15c # ] S1 , #
pc ac
S2S3 , # Bh (conj.) 15d # ] S2 S3A7Bh ,
# S1 , (# ) S2 • ]
S2S3RBh , ! S1 • 2# ! ] A , 2### S2S3 (i# part of col.) , 2#"&# S1 (i#
part of col., unmetrical) , 2#! Bh (typo) Col. · · · +2"5 ,2i, "dm ,॥
S1 , +2"5 "c'## ॥ S2 , +2"5 ,। 45 (in letter numerals)॥
S3 , i# +2"5 ,25, "dm , "'# Bh
285
297
(298)
+2"5
286 ! '# 9
+{# ।
, ।
a ( pr} - (।
*d ,9 я।

y , ॥ 1॥
? i pr L / - rB
।
( ( , % - ,
॥ 2॥
(B9, , O E. ?9।
h% . ; pt cpr%॥ 3॥
я%6, p prhy %6#।
a , pr ,9 BM, ( (॥ 4॥
1c # ] #& R 1d 25 + , ] 2g" , R 1e ' ] "' R 2a Q i# ]

ac pc
2>
# R , 2># R 2ab + 6 ] R 3ab 2&= L' ]
2&+ L' R 3c ] R • ] . R 4a я A ), ]
я g), R 4b pr#hy ] prV Q R 4c ,,! ] , R
1c # ] # A7 , # A3A5 1d + , ] , A 1e ' ] "' A3 , "' A5 ,

я' A7 2a Q i# ] i# A7 , i A3A5 2ab + 6 ] A3 ,
ac
, A5 (unmetrical) , { A7 } A7 2b rG ] A3 , r A5A7 2c A&
# ] #A & A3A5 , A& #" A7 2d 2&' ] 2¨ A 3ab 2&= L' ]
2&{ # A3A5}+ ! L ! " A 3c + gA 9+ ] A3A5 , + gA+ A7 • ]
. A 4a я ! ] A3A7 , я A5 4b pr#hy ] pr#V Q A 4c ,,! ] A3A7 ,
, ! A5
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photo 6.9b (f. 74v); S2 exposure 59a (f. 66v); S3 f.
72r–72v; R f. 89r–89v; A3 f. 52v–53r; A5 f. 99v–100v; A7 f. 74r–74v.
1f 6(f 7–f 8) S3 2(a 5, d 7)d 8 S1 4(d 4) S1
1 ] S1RA , u S2S3 , om. Bh 1c :d ] RABh , :d S1S2S3 1d я -
pc ac
] S1 S2S3RABh , я S1 1e b ] S1pc S2S3RABh , ++b S1 1f #, ]
S1pc S2RABh , #, S1ac , – (#,) S3 2a Q i# ] S2S3Bh , u i# S1 2ab + 6 ]
em. Bh (silently) , 6 S1 , + M S2S3 2c ", ] S1RABh , ", S2S3 (unmetrical)
• ] S2S3RABh , vv S1 • # ] S2S3RBh , #" S1 2d + , ] S1S2RABh , , S3
pc ac
• 2&' ] S2S3R , 2&(t) –˘ S1 , 2&(#tt) –˘ S1 , 2¨ Bh 3a ] em. Bh (silently) ,
S1S2S3 • 2&= ] S2S3 , 2&+ S1 , 2&=я! Bh (typo) 3b L' ] conj. ,
L'. S1 , L S2S3 , LL Bh • 9# Q5 ] S3RABh , Q5 S1 , #AQ5
S2 3c + gA 9+ ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , + gA+ S1pc , + g:+ S1ac • ] S2S3 , S1 ,
. Bh 4a я ! ] S2pc A3A7Bh , я S1S2ac S3 pc
• ), ] S1S2 ABh , g), S2 S3
ac
pc ac
4b hy ] S2S3Bh , H S1 • A! ] S1 RA , A S1 , S2S3Bh 4c a-
] S1S2RABh , att S3 • ,,! ] S2S3A3A7Bh , ,! S1 4d G#J ] S2S3RABh ,
G#IJ S1
286
298
(299)
+2"5
287 ! '# 9
kl
ud6 ।
%B
dy >
; pr ॥ 5॥
( ( h% r ।

( hy
%B 6E pr (॥ 6॥
e
*B/ y।
6g %B c uLM Y pr(dy॥ 7॥
LM (?+ ( 0,
।
(6 6 ; %T 6 ? > ॥ 8॥
n > c ; яB %6 ?9।
.tt , B{ ,9 c ॥ 9॥
ac pc
5a ] a R 5c 9 ] R , ( ! ) R 5d pr# # ] pr#g#+ll+ R 6a
" '"' ] tt'"' R 7a ' ] "' R 7d uIJR,! ] uIJR ! R 8a # IJ-
# ] IJ# ++ R 8b 2 ] G2 R 9a 2 ] R 9c ] 2
R • ,& ] & R 9d 25c 2 # ] 2G 2g2 # R
5a kl
, ] A3A7 , kl , A5 5b ud' ] A7pc , ! ' A3 , ! ' A5 (unmetrical) ,
ac
dv' A7 • ', ] A3A7 , ', A5 5c 9 ] , A3A5 , ,
A7 5d pr# # ] pr#& A 6a " '"' ] '" ' { ' A5} A3A5 , '" '
A7 (unmetrical) 6b r # ] r{ r A7ac } A7 , r A5 (unmetrical) ,
c A3 (unmetrical) 6d #L pr ] #' # A3 , #'+N+ A7 , om. A5
(unmetrical) 7a ' ] A7 , "' A3A5 7b :G,,! ] :G,,! A7 , :,! A3 ,
:,! A5 7d uIJR,! ] u ! A3A5 , u(r) ! A7 8a "Q ] A3A7 , "Q A5 8b
"2 ] ", { A3A5}c A 8d A ] A5A7 , A A3 9b Q5 ]
pc ac
A5A7 , Q5 A3 9c 2tt ] J2tt{ A5} A • ,& ] A7 , & A3A5A7
ac pc
9d 25c ] 25# A3A5 , 2g5 A7 (unmetrical) , 2g, A7
5(b 4) S3 6a 2–a 4 S1 7(d 5) S1 9(b 2) S3
pc
5a ] S1S2 S3ABh , S2ac • kl
, ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , 2 , S1 5b ud'', ]
S1S2RA7pc , ud', S3 (unmetrical) , u'', Bh (typo) • ', ] S1RA3A7Bh ,
', S2S3 5c 9 ] S2S3Rac Bh , ! S1 5d pr# # ] conj. , pr## S1 , pr-
#' # S2S3 , pr#cc Bh (conj.?) 6a " '"' ] S2S3Bh , ( '"' S1 6b + gA ]
S1pc S2S3RABh , + g: S1ac 6c AG ] S2S3RABh , AG S1 6d L pr# ! ] S2S3RBh ,
L "# ! S1 7b ,,! ] S2S3RBh , ,,! S1 8a # ] S2S3ABh , S1 •
pc ac pc ac
"Q ] S2 RA3A7Bh , "Q S1S2 S3 8b 2 ] S1 S2S3Bh , ()2 S1 8d
M ] S1S2RABh , + M S3 • After this S1 adds 2 pādas reading · · ·
#A +
#,2। , Bh adds 2 pādas reading – – – #A + #,2॥ 9a n ] S1S3R
ABh , n S2 9b Q5 ] S2S3RA5A7Bh , Q5 S1 9c 2tt ] RA3A7 , tt S1 ,
2tt S2S3 , 2 Bh (em.?) 9d 25c ] em. , 2g5 S1 , 25c S2S3 , 25, Bh
(conj.?)
287
299
(300)
+2"5
288 ! '# 9
(tt (tt <

।
(%B, (( 6,
।
e
, % LM - ॥ 10॥
i 69 cc - ( (6 -#।
pr - LM
( -#॥ 11॥
( 9
+{# ॥ 46॥
10a "###tt ] "##tt R 10e 9#A ] # R 11b 2 ] 2 R 11c 9# ] #A

R 11d , ] , R • .! ] .## R Col. i# r&+2"5
.2M, R
10b # ] "# A 10c ",AG ] "{ A3},AGM A3A7 , ",AG,MA A5 (unmetrical)

10d + ] A3A7 , + A5 • "# ! ] A5A7 , "# A3 (unmetrical) 10e 9#A ] A7 ,
#" A3A5 11a i ] A5 , i A7 , H A3 (unmetrical) • cc ] A3A7 , A5 11b
.! ] A3A7 , A5 (unmetrical) 11c pr 9# ] pr &# A3 (unmetrical) , pr#
A5 (unmetrical) , pr# #{# A7ac } A7 (unmetrical) • . ] A3A7 , . A5 11d ]
A3A7pc , om. A5A7ac (unmetrical) • .! ] A3A7 , . A5 Col. i# {i# r& A3}
.,22M, A (A7 adds 46)
10(f 8) S1 11a 1–a 2 S1
10a "# tt ] S1RABh (unmetrical) , "# tt S2S3 (unmetrical) 10b # ] S1S2pc RBh ,
#,# S2ac S3 (unmetrical) 10c ",AG ] S1RA5A7Bh , ",AG S2S3 10d + ] S1S2S3R
A3A7 , + Bh (conj.?) • "# ! ] S1S2RA5A7Bh , "# S3 (unmetrical) 10f , ]
S2S3RABh , nn() S1 (visarga possibly lost) 11a i ] S3RA5Bh (conj.?) , ˘ S1 ,
S2 (unmetrical) • cc . ] S1RA3A7Bh , . S2S3 11b 2 ] S1S2ac S3ABh ,
pc pc ac
2 S2 • .! ] S2 RA3A7Bh , b S1 (unmetrical) , . S2 S3 11c pr
9# ] S2S3Bh , g" S1 • . ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , . S3 11d ,#" ] RA
Bh , #" S1 , ,# S2S3 • .! ] A3A7Bh , .## S1S2S3 (i# part of col.)
Col. 12 (in letter numerals)॥ . , ,2i, dy॥ S1 , +2"5 ! '##
॥ S2 , ॥ +2"5 , 46 (in letter numerals)॥ S3 , i# +2"5 ,25,
. , ! '# Bh
288
300
(301)
+2"5
289 pt'# 9
pt ।
, ।
- cc 69
g #।
0 c W (।
+ % ) c ppr(B ॥ 1॥
a * h% 6$ c *D{ ।
$ 0 }9 0 9॥ 2॥
( (
* я %( ।
(
dv6 | , ॥ 3॥
( $pr $;%,nn।
O p9 , (L %6 ?9#॥ 4॥
1e 2&& 2,2A ] 2& 2,2Ac R 2d +6+6#5 ] VR+6 #, R 3a

""
, ] "
, R 3b "# ] "# R 3c #," #dv ] #," #dv R 4a "# ] "-
# R 4c 2&=#), ] 2&=#), R (unmetrical)
1b 5
] 5= A • V ] A7 , hV A3A5 1c + ] c A7 , c A3A5 1d
"62 ] A3A7 , "62 A5 1e 2&& 2,2A ] 2+ ,2A+ A 1f 2; ] A7 , 2-
;" A3 , 2;; A5 (unmetrical) • "G# ] A3A5 , "G# A7 2a a ] A3A7 ,
a" A5 2d +6 ] A3A7 , +6 A5 3–4 ] om. A
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.9b (f. 74v), 6.9a (f. 75r) and 6.8b (f. 75v); S2
exposures 59a (f. 66v) and 59b (f. 67r); S3 f. 72v–73r; R f. 89v–90r; A3 f. 53r; A5 f. 100v–101r; A7
f. 74v.
1b 4–b 8 S1, c 3–c 4(c 5–c 6) S2 2(b 8–c 2) S1 3(d 5) S2
1 ] RABh , g u S1 , u S2S3 1a cc ] S1S2RABh ,
S3 (unmetrical) 1b ] S2S3RBh , S1 1c + ] S2S3R , c S1 , Bh
(em.?) 1d "62 ] S2pc RA3A7Bh , "62 S1S2ac S3 1e 2,2A ] S1S2S3 , 2,2Ac Bh
(em.?) 1f "G# ] S1RA3A5Bh , "G# S2S3 2a a ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , a S1
pc ac
2d + &5 ] S2S3RABh , + &5 S1 • +6 ] S1S2 S3A3A7Bh , +6 S2 3a
pc ac ac pc
6 ] S1 RBh , S1 , a6 S2S3 3b я ] S2RBh , я S1 , я G S1 , я S3 •
"# ] S1Bh , "# S2S3 3c 2 ] S1S2pc RBh , 2 S2ac S3 4a 6 ] S2S3RBh ,
"6 S1 4b -! ] S1S2RBh , - S3 • + 2 ] S1S2RBh , + 2 S3 4c 2&-
= ] S2S3RBh , 2&N S1 • 5 ] S2RBh , i ! S1 , i S3 4d A ]
S1pc S2S3RBh , A S1ac
289
301
(302)
+2"5
290 pt'# 9

y ( , #।
pr > , W %Eя ॥ 5॥
$ 9 g dv 9
,।

> 6$ h% [ % ॥ 6॥
; D{ ;}9; ;c $।
( hyp) ?9 *0 #॥ 7॥
e 6+ , .(*।
0r ( ( ।
ap9C h% BM ,, T #॥ 8॥
(B9, c ( kt d #।
uLM Y + я , %6 ?9#॥ 9॥
5d 9#A ] # R 6a 2V
, ] 2 =5
, R 6d N#A ] N# R 7d ,,! ] ,! R
8a ' ] +"+' R 8b #": ] ##" R 8c " ] R 8d
+ ] + R 9cd я ' ] я "' R
5b # ,! ] tt,! A 5d 9#A ] # A 6a 2V , ] 2 V, A3A5 , 2 U , A7 6b

pc ac
,# ] A7 , ,# A3 , ,# A5A7 6c
, 'M ] ,M A3A5 , b,
A7 6d N#A ] N A 7b c ] # A7pc , i A7ac , i
A3A5 • #- ] A# A 7c 2; ] ; A 8a ' ] tt A 8b
] tt A3 , A5 (unmetrical) , btt A7 • #",! ] A7 , # A3 , #
A5 (unmetrical) 8c " ] " A5 , A7 , я A3 8d + ] +& M
A 8e 5? ] A3A7 , i A5 8f GIJ# # ! ] GIJ{IJ A3}# #
! A3A5 ,
pc ac
GIJ# #
A7 (unmetrical) , IJ A7 9a ,c#" ] , prN
A 9b d ! ] d{ A7} A 9c uIJR
] A7 , u: A3 , u
A5 9cd
я ' ] A3A7 , я? "' A5 9d Q5! ] A3A7 , Q5 A5
6(d 5) S2
5a ] S1S2RABh , S3 (unmetrical) 5c pr, ] S1S2pc S3RABh , pr, S2ac

5d 9#A ] S1 , # S2S3 , # Bh 6a 2V , ] S2S3 , pt
, S1Bh 6b #dv5 ] S2pc S3RABh ,
ac pc ac
#dv5 S1 (unmetrical) , #dv5 S2 6c , ] S1 S2S3RBh , , S1 6d N#A ]
S2S3 , NM S1 , N# Bh (conj.) 7c 2; ] S2S3RBh , 2; ! S1pc , 2;(я) !
S1ac 7d ,,! ] ABh , ,! S1 , , ! S2S3 8a ] S2S3Bh , S1pc , S1ac 8b
] RBh (em.?) , tt
S1 , + tt S S
2 3 • ": ] S1A7Bh , ":G,! S2S3 8c -
] S1S3RABh , S2 • " ] S2S3Bh , " S1 8d + ] S2S3RABh , ttR
pc
S1 8e 5? ] S1S2RA3A7Bh , i S3 • 'gA! ] S2S3 RABh , 'A S1 , |gA!
S3ac 8f GJ# ] S1pc S2RBh , GIJ# S1ac , GIJ# S3 • #
! ] RA3A5Bh , !
S1S2S3 9a , ] S2S3RBh , , S1 9b d ! ] R , A ! S1Bh , d-
,! S2S3 9c я ! ] S2S3A3A7Bh , я S1 9d A ] S1pc S2S3RABh , A S1ac •
pc ac
Q5! ] S1S2 S3RA3A7Bh , Q5 S2
290
302
(303)
+2"5
291 pt'# 9
LM яn я% , ।

a t dy dy c > ,B+॥ 10॥
+ Bc
; %6 c ( (6#।
ap- *
T hm9
( #॥ 11॥
|9 % C a( 0।

p% DW
; ॥ 12॥
T c *,d,O ।
*
T hm9 06c; 0 ,06 e ॥ 13॥
(. - cc ap
*T ,hm9 ।
p c ; ;
( +॥ 14॥
ac pc
10b 2 ] '2 R , # R 10c a t , ] ' , ++ R 10d
&M ] &M R 11ab ] om. R 11c a),. # , ] a#), c Rpc , a#),-
ac
dd # +c+ R 11d
! ]
! R 12ab '+A? a"' ] '+2 AD?
я ! R 13a ] . R 13b ] # R 13c :hm5#2 ] :hm
5#2 R
14b a,), ! ] a,#),! R • ] R 14d ,'2 "#
2 ] +#,+' 2 "#, 2 R
10a IJ# ] A5A7 , IJ# A3 10b 2 ] ,2 A 10c a t , dydy ]
A7pc , ann dyM? A7ac (unmetrical) , a , dyM A5 (unmetrical) , a, dynn dyM?
A3 (unmetrical) 10d G2 ] A7pc ?, AG2 A3A5A7ac ? 11ab ] om. A 11c , ]
j, A3 , j, A5A7 11d ! ] ! A 12ab ] om. A 12cd ] A3A5 have
this after 15d, om. A7 13–14 ] om. A
14(c 7) S2pc
10a 6 ] S1RABh , a6 S2S3 • IJ# ] S1S3RA5A7 , IJ# S2Bh 10b A ]

pc ac
S2S3ABh , AD S1 • 2 ] S2 , 2 S1 , 2 S2 S3 , ,2 Bh 10c
pc
a ] S1S3A7 Bh , a,! S2 11a 2 ] S2Bh , 2 S1pc , ac
2 S1 , 2 S3
(unmetrical) • G2c ] S2S3Bh , G2& S1 11b +6&A ] S1pc S2S3Bh , +6&A S1ac
11cd ] (S2)S3(Bh) , #pr+ M),&,&{ dd& S1 }, Q{ S1ac }
ac
! S1 11d -
#" ] S3RA , #" S2Bh 12ab ] S2S3(Bh) , 2&i? ",D +"'я&я, ! S1 12ab
a"' ] S2S3 , hy"' Bh (em.?) 12c #), ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , 2#), S1 • A-
pc ac
>#, ] S1S2 S3RA3A5Bh , A>#, S2 12d #, ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , #),,! S1 •
pc ac
#2, ] S2 RABh , #2c, S1S2 S3 13a c :#d! ] S2pc , ,,h# S1 , -
ac
c :#d S2 S3 , ,! ,h# Bh (conj.?) 14ab ] S2(S3)(R)Bh , a,#), 6&
'2#"-&"2 S1 14a +cc ] S2RBh , + S3 14b a,), ! ] S2Bh , a,),
S3
14c c ] S1RBh , +(c)+ S2 (unmetrical) , S3 (unmetrical) 14d 2 ] em. Bh
(silently) , "2 S1 , 2 S2S3
291
303
(304)
+2"5
292 pt'# 9
я(c ; %,$ c #।

gY. ( . ( 0. ( ।

W ; i
LM॥ 15॥
i 69 %}9 0,c ^।
LM % - T-#॥ 16॥
( 9
pt ॥ 47॥
15e ] ,! R 15f i ] "

R 16a A&5 ] A&V R 16c , ]
, R 16d .! ] .## R Col. i# +2"5
.p, R
15a c ] c A3A7 , c A5 15cd ] VR{ VR A5}""& ," ,
A3A5 , om. A7 (an insertion mark after pāda b, but no insertion) • After this A3A5 have 12cd.
15ef–16 ] om. A Col. i# ! #6 A3A5A7ac (A3 adds 36) , i# pt'#
A7pc
16(d 4–d 7) S1
15a c ] S2S3R , ,c S1 , Bh (em.?) 15b #A- c # ! ] S2S3RA ,
#d-+ 22 S1 , #A- cc # ! Bh (typo?) 15d " ] S1S2RBh , "c S3
15ef ] S2S3 , #(5c 2º#, S1 , #(5 2º#5 Bh (em.?,
Bh suggests #(5) • After this S1 adds 2 pādas reading vv
,2 # .j2। ,
Bh adds 2 pādas reading ,2 # .j2!॥ 16b # ] S1S2pc RBh , -
# S2ac S3 (unmetrical) 16d .! ] Bh , .## S1S2S3 (i# part of col.) Col.
18 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5 ,2i, . ,॥ S1 , +2"5 pt'#!#
॥ S2 , +2"5 , 47 (in letter numerals)॥ S3 , i# +2"5 ,25,
. , pt'# Bh
292
304
(305)
+2"5
293 aV'# 9
ag ।
, ।
( ~ % ।
%(nn $ ;% ॥ 1॥
adgkty ;
T , .( ;।
% ; (~;gk;,k;(v0 ;॥ 2॥
a ;c 0 ; , |d
; , ;।
BM, T pr(dy ॥ 3॥
g BM, 6।
y*d n
%6#॥ 4॥
T a v ?9#।
n я uL ॥ 5॥
1d #A ] bb R 2a kty! ] +++! R 2b "¤ ] "#¤ R 2c

Vk! ] _ ! R 2d # ] M R 3b od ] od R 4c :d ] g: R
5a ' ] tt R 5ab + a,v+ ] + 9,pt+ . R (unmetrical) 5d + + + ! ]
+ +tt R
1a , ] A3A5 , , A7 1c 9#A ] #" A • nn

] A3 , nn A5A7 2a kty-

! ] kty! A 2b "¤ ] "{ A5}#¤ A 2c "#_ ] A3A5 , "#_
A7 2cd Vkf ] A7 , V2я A3 , V2 f A5 3b ] A • #, ]
я{ A5} A 4 ] om. A 5ab + a,v+ ] + a,+ A3A7 , + A5
(unmetrical) 5b Q5! ] Q5 A 5c я ] A3A5 , A7
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photo 6.8b (f. 75v); S2 exposures 59b (f. 67r) and 60a
(f. 67v); S3 f. 73r–73v; R f. 90r–90v; A3 f. 53r; A5 f. 101r–101v; A7 f. 74v–75r.
2(b 8) S3
1 ] RABh , g u S1 , u S2S3 1a ," ] S2RA3A5Bh , , "-

S1 , " S3 1ab _ ,2 ] S1S2RABh , _ ,2 S3 1c 9#A ] S1RBh , #
S2S3 2a dg ] S1S3RABh , dg S2 (unmetrical) • kty ! ] em. , kty
S1 (kty
corrected) , kv! S2S3Bh 2b ] S1pc S2S3 , S1ac , Bh (em.?) •
pc ac
"¤ ] S1 S2 , "(k) S1 , " S3 (unmetrical) , "#¤ Bh 2c "#_ ] S1S2RA3A5
Bh , "#_ S3 2cd Vkf ] S2S3A7Bh , Vk f S1 2d # ] S1S2S3A , w#V
Bh (conj.?) • "v ] S2S3RABh , "v S1 3c + ] S2S3RABh , + "
S1 4b G#J 2# ] S2S3RBh , " G#IJ #" S1 4c :d ] S1S2 , g:
S3 , ,d Bh (conj.) 5b a,v+ ] S1Bh , a,+ S2ac , a, & S2pc (unmetrical) ,
pc ac
a,+ S3 • 9# Q5! ] S1 R , # #+ Q5 S1 (unmetrical) , #,Q5 S2 , # Q5 S3 ,
# Q5! Bh (conj.?) 5c n ] S1S3RABh , + S2 5cd я + ] S2S3pc A3A5Bh ,
ac ac
я { S1 } S1 , я + S3
293
305
(306)
+2"5
294 aV'# 9
, *0 pr, ।
pn (
( ,॥ 6॥
pt c ( 9, ,9 ।
uLMY + (я, ,
,*0॥ 7॥
*
Thm % T9
B
; ( *T hm9c ।
( c
; (( B 0॥ 8॥
n 0 a B 6 > ।
*
T hm9 a>, c B+ #॥ 9॥
9 c n c 6।
(.c 6> 6g
,0 ,>,B+।
c i pr
;॥ 10॥
6d "", ] "
, R 7b &5 ] &i R 7c uIJR ] uIJR
R 7cd я -
' ] я "' R 7d :, ] :, R 8c #,", ] #," R 8d #""G, ]
#"", R 9ab aG 2 M ] cc 6 " ! R 9c :hm5 ] :-
hm5
R • '+ ] 'M? R 10c M ] M R 10d M ] g, R 10e
,#+ 2c ', ] ,#+ 2c ', R 10f i'
] i'
R
6 ] A repeats these 4 pādas after 49.10ab. 6b ] A7∗pc , AA3∗A7∗ac , A5∗ 6d
∗
""
, ] A7A , " , A3A5 7b &5 ] & A3A5 , (A&) A7pc , &gA A7ac 7c
uIJR
] uIJ R
A7 , A3 , 6 A5 7d ' ] ' A • :, ] :-
,{ , A5} A 8b A5
G ] A3 , A5 A7 , AG5 A5 (unmetrical) 8c #,", ] A5A7 ,
#," A3 8d #""G, , ] #"" & , A5 , #"" ##, ! A3 A7 9ab #n
2 # aG ] #n2 # { A3}c aG{ A5}c A (unmetrical) 9b 5–
4
10e ] om. A5 (unmetrical) 9b 2 ] A A3 , ,! A7 9c :hm5 ] :hm5
A3A7 •
'+ ] 'M? A3A7 10c 2#"c M#V! ] 2#"c M#=5!{ #=5 A3} A3A7 10e
,#+ 2 ] ,#+ 2 A3A7
6(b 5–b 6, b 8, c 2)c 3 S2 8(c 4) S3 9(a 8–b 5)b 6(b 7)b 8(c 1–c 6) S2
6a : ] S1S2RAA∗Bh , : S3 pc ∗

• #2 ] S1S2 S3RAA Bh , ( #")2. S2
ac
6b ] S1RA7∗pc Bh , S2S3 ∗

• 2&# ] S1S2RAA Bh , 2&#tt S3 6d # ] S2
S3RAA∗Bh , g# S1 7a , ] S2RABh , , S1S3 7cd ",я ' ] em.
Bh (silently) , я G , ' S1 , "+!+, я ' S2 (unmetrical) , ", я ' S3
(unmetrical) 8a :hm ] S1S2pc S3RABh , :hm(AG )++ S2 8b :hm5c ] S1S2RABh , :-
hm5c S3 8c #, ] S1S2RABh , #, S3 (tops lost) • ", c ] S2S3A5A7Bh ,
" ,+M, S1 (unmetrical) 9a #n ] S1S2RBh , #n S3 (unmetrical) 9b 2 M ]
S1S3 , ( 2) – ( ) –˘ S2 , A' tt Bh (conj.?) 9c :hm5 , '+ ] S1S3 , –˘ (hm5-
nn )'+ S2 , : hm5,! #V
dv #,' Bh (conj.?) 9d a#M, ] S1RA3A7Bh , a#'M, S2 ,
a#+M, S3 10b , + ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , +,++ M S1 10c 2#"c ] S3R , 2#"c
pc ac
S1 , 2#"c S2Bh • #V! ] S2 RBh , hy S1 , #V S2 S3 • After this S1 adds 2 pādas
reading a''M? c 2vv# । :hm5o 2c 10d M ] S1S2A3A7Bh , gM S3 •
After this Bh adds 2 pādas reading :hm5o 2c MG2। (cf. S1) 10e ,#+ 2 ]
S1S2Bh , ,#+ 2 S3 10f i' pr# ] S2S3ABh , # nn++ S1
294
306
(307)
+2"5
295 aV'# 9
i 69 tt !

! ।
?9я #॥ 11॥
( 9
g ॥ 48॥
11b #( ] R 11c , ] , R 11d 2! ] 2## R Col.

i# +2"5
b>
,22M, "c'#tt R
11b #( ] A 11c ] A7 (unmetrical) , {

A5} A3A5
(unmetrical) 11d Q5я 2! ] я 2! A3A5 (unmetrical) , + 2+ A7
(unmetrical) Col. i# ,22M,V'# A± (A3 adds 48)
11(d 8) S2
11a tt ] S2pc RABh , S1 , tt S2ac S3 (unmetrical) 11b #( ]

S2S3Bh , #( S1 11c , ] S2S3ABh , , S1 11d ,2 ] S1pc S2S3RABh , ,2
S1ac (unmetrical) • Q5я 2! ] conj. Bh (cf. R) , Q5 222## S1 (i# part of
col.) , Q5j 2## S2 (i# part of col., unmetrical) , Q5я 2## S3 (i# part of
col., unmetrical) Col. 12 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5
,2i, ,॥ S1 ,
+2"5 V'#!# ॥ S2 , +2"5 , 48 (in letter numerals)॥ S3 ,
i# +2"5 ,25, , aV'# Bh
295
307
(308)
+2"5
296 e2 ,"ctt 9
e (c tt ।
, ।
~ 69 (।
pr
;
; 6g pr,
॥ 1॥
(nn
j | %।
$;,6 ;
L ॥ 2॥
- ( B hn hy %6#।
6
>c 6g ।
Mdy
%dy ; $ ; |B,%॥ 3॥
( > ; , pr(dy
।
( 6 ; ( 9 ॥ 4॥
%B c B (+ $pt ,O
।
pc p O OBя %я ॥ 5॥
2a " nn
] " R 2b #j ] #g R 2cd #2 2+ + , ] ##-
2c + R (unmetrical) 3a G ] AG R 3c ] AG R • #'M c ]
#IJ
R cR 3f oG ] 2G R 4b 9 ] ;" R 4d After this R has 7cd. 5b = ]
)
R 5cd 2&= #,=2Gя,! ] 2&=#nn=2 R
1a + ] + + A3A7 , + A5 (unmetrical) 1b 5 ", ] 5 e A3A5 ,

+hy+
A7 1c ,#+ ] ,#+ A 2a–3d ] om. A 4a ] A3A5 , tt
A7 4b 9 ] g A7 , .g A3A5 • pr"dy ] A5 , prtt A3A7 5b , ]
A3A5 , A7 5cd ] om. A
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.8b (f. 75v), 6.7a (f. 76r) and 6.6b (f. 76v); S2
exposures 60a (f. 67v) and 60b (f. 68r); S3 f. 73v–74v; R f. 90v–91v; A3 f. 53r–53v; A5 f. 101v–102v;
A7 f. 75r–76r.
2d 6 S1 5c 1, d 7–d 8→ S1
1 ] RABh , g u S1 , u S2S3 1a + ] S2S3pc RBh , +

ac
S1 , + S3 1b 5 ", ] S2S3R , > " S1 , > "! Bh 1d #V ]
S2pc RABh , #V S1S2ac S3 2a " nn ,+ 6 ] S2S3Bh , " , ,2 S1 2b #j #o ]
S1S2Bh , #j #2 S3 • 9A ] S2S3R , S1Bh 2c -! ] S1S2RBh , - S3
3a 6 ] S1RBh , 6 S2S3 3c ] S1S2S3 , Bh (conj.) •
#'M c ] S2S3 ,
pc
#" 'MN S1 , #" 'M Bh (conj.?) 3d # , ] S2S3 RBh , #" , S1 , #
S3ac 3e ] S1RABh , #" S2 , #" S3 3f - ] S1pc S2pc RABh , - S1ac , -
S2ac , - S3 4a ] S2RA3A5Bh , tt S1S3pc , 6 S3ac 4b 9 ] S1S2Bh ,
S3 4c + ] S2S3RABh , + S1 4d ] S1S2S3RA , Bh (conj.?) 5c
),c ] S1RBh , ),c S2S3 • 2&= ] em. Bh (silently) , 2&= S1 , 2&=
S2S3 5d #,=2Gя ] conj. Bh , #,=2G c S1 , #,=2j S2S3 • 9#Aя ] S2S3RBh ,
#A· · · S1
296
308
(309)
+2"5
297 e2 ,"ctt 9
e *hv%B y।

pr [ uLMY O%( ॥ 6॥
%,( c E c %#।
i
; , - %6 я0 ॥ 7॥
a ,c , a ,9 pr(dy।
dy-+0 ;
।
cdy pr #॥ 8॥
u( +
dv , pr LM।
~ #॥ 9॥
6n , e ।
pr9h *T
; ,;॥ 10॥
6d uIJR ] uIJR
R 7a " ,2c ] ,2c R 7cd ] R reads this after 4 and
repeats it here. 7d A' ] AG RR∗ 8c +6 ] prpt R 9a u" ] u"dv
! R 9cd
,2 _ + ! ] ,2,! _ ,! + + ,! R
6a , :hv& ] , #hn A 6b AG ] A7pc , AG A3A5A7ac 6d uIJR

] uIJ R

A7 , u
A3 , u A5 • =#A"' ] ={ = A5} ' A 7a A" ,2c ]
, ,2c A 7cd ] om. A 8a ] A3A7 , A5 8b a5 ] A3A5 , a,
A7 8d ] 2 ! A 8ef ] om. A 9a u" ] A3A7 , " A5 9b , ]
pc ac
, A7 , 5 A3A5A7 9c ,2 _ ] ,2,! _ ,! A 9d + ]
+ + { A5}, A3A5 , + + ,! A7 10b After this A repeats 48.6.
10c pr5g : ] i pr Q'M A3A7ac (cf. 21.55a) , i Q+ A5 (unmetrical) ,
om. A7pc (unmetrical) 10d ! ] , A
6←a 1–d 1(d 2–d 6) S1 7(d 1) S1 8(c 4)c 5–d 1(f 6–f 8) S1 9a 1(a 2–a 4, a 8–b 1) S1
pc pc ac
6b AG ] S3RA7 Bh , AG! S2 6c prN ] S2 S3RABh , pr S2 (unmetrical) 6d
uIJ R
] em. Bh (silently) , –˘ (IJ R
) S1 (upper parts lost) , uIJ S2S3 7b L ]
S1S2RABh , я S3 7c i, ] S2S3RR∗Bh , i ,n S1 7d я ] S1S3RR∗Bh ,
я S2 8ab ] S2S3RA3(A5)(A7)Bh , a,D+ '2gD5 pr# "#,{( ) S1ac }
S1 8c +6 ] S2S3pc ABh , +6 S1 , S3ac (unmetrical) • #dy.& ] S2RABh ,
# –˘ ˘ – S1 (the second aks.ara has subscript !) , #dy & S3 8d ] S2RABh ,
pc ac ac pc
S1 S3 , . S1 • ] S1 S2S3RBh , S1 8e ,# ] S2S3RBh , ,-
S1 9a u" ] S2S3A3A7Bh , –˘ (+6") S1 (upper parts lost, anusvāra of possibly
lost) 9c ,2 _ ] S1Bh , ,2 _ S2pc S3 , ,2 _ S2ac 9d + ! ] em.
Bh (silently) , + S1 , + + ,! S2S3 10b ,2 ] S2pc RA , ,2
S1 , ,2 S2ac S3 , ,2 Bh (conj.) pc
• e ] S1S2 S3RABh , e S2 10c pr5g
ac
] S2S3RBh , gpr{ gpr S1 }g pr S1 (unmetrical)
: 10d ! ] S2S3RBh , #
S1
297
309
(310)
+2"5
298 e2 ,"ctt 9
% nn kt ( ( ।

u( (< pr ? pr% ॥ 11॥
ekt % pr 0( ।
,0 ,>,. (6LM
+tt #॥ 12॥
% > 6n ।
O6 ~ d ( ( ,9॥ 13॥
+ , 6v ~,9 $+ ।
0,%6 r
^
; *T
॥ 14॥
*
Thmn ( %p T
> ।
O6, d 6n O6॥ 15॥
% ,DW ।
R j , B #।
0 O > LM ; hy 6 ॥ 16॥
11b ""++ ] ""++++ R 11c "H+ ] "H R 13a '+ ] + R 13c _ -

! ] _ R 14b &_5 ] &_
, R 15b
] .
R 16ef ] #=M 2M ,+
#,=2# + R (unmetrical)
11ab ] om. A 11c "H+ ] + "H+ A7 , ++ A3 (unmetrical) , Q"
A5 (unmetrical) 11d , ] A3A5 , A7 12cd ] om. A 13a A 2M '+ ]
A A3A7 (unmetrical; an insertion mark before this in A7, but no insertion) , dktc A-
A5 (unmetrical) 13c #,=2# _ ! ] #,=2{ 2 A3}# c { A3} A3A7
(unmetrical) , #,=2# c A5 14cd r U# ] r
U { V A5} M A 15ab ] om.
A 15c #,=2# ## ] #,2# ## A5 , #,2{ =2 A7pc }# ## A3A7 16c ,2
-
pc ac
| ] A3A5 , ,! A7 • 'j ] A3A7 , 'j A5A7 16d # ] A3A7 ,
# A5 16ef ] { A5}#=# { A5(unmetrical)} + #,2# A3A5 ,
#=M "&c , 2Q 2 M A7 (unmetrical)
11b 6–c 1 S1 13(d 6–d 8) S2 14c 7 S1 15(c 8) S1
11a kt ] S2S3RBh , ky S1 11c "H+ ] S1S2S3A7 , "H Bh (conj.) 11d
, ] S2S3RBh , , S1 12ab ] S2RABh , S1 , S3 12b pr ]
S1pc S2S3RABh , pr S1ac • + ] S2S3RABh , + M S1 12d "IJ w# ] S1S2S3R ,
"IJ# +# Bh (conj.) 13c #,=2# ] S1S2RBh , #,=2# S3 (unmetrical) • _ -
pc ac
] S2S3RBh , d S1 13d d ! ] S1S2 S3Bh , d S2 • 25 ] S1S3RABh ,
(25) S2 (visarga possibly lost) 14a w ] S1S2RABh , w S3 (unmetrical) 14c
r
U ] S2RBh , – U S1 , r V S3 14d ] S1pc S2S3RBh , S1ac (unmetrical) • ]
S1S2pc RABh , S2ac S3 15c ## ] S1pc S3RA5Bh , # S1ac (unmetrical) , ## !
S2 • #d ] S2S3RABh , (#d) S1 15d #,=2# ] S1pc S2S3RABh , ,# ˘ # S1ac 16a
ac pc
] S1 S2 S3RABh , S1pc (unmetrical) , A+ + S2 • ] S1S2RABh , om. S3
pc
(unmetrical) 16c ,2| ] S1S2S3R , ,2 | Bh (conj.) • 'j ] S1S2RA3A7 Bh ,
'j S3 16d # ,! ] RA3A7Bh , # , S1 , #nn S2pc , #nn S2ac ,
# , S3 16f ,2 ] S1S2pc Bh , , ac
2 S2 S3 • # + ] S2S3RBh , # + S1
298
310
(311)
+2"5
299 e2 ,"ctt 9
nn ( (,9#।

,O
(B
,9 ?9#॥ 17॥
%,6 (DW ( , (6(DW ( ।
dg6 dy $9 LM॥ 18॥
(gc
c ~ nn।
6 + ।
cc 6 a r c B+ #॥ 19॥
(O9 > r c ( 9।
%6 c , > ; 9।
% ,,9 ,9 ॥ 20॥
tt Onn #।
C 6+% 0C 6n * T॥ 21॥
pc ac
17b 2#5! ] R , 2g5 R 17cd = ,"G
5 ] =," 5 R 18c
+! ] +! R 18d #-5 ] -
5 R 19a "Vc + ] Vc + R 19b _ ,! ]
"
,! R 19c 2 + ] 2 + R 19f arc ] ar + R 20f ,#5
] , 2g#5 R 21a ] 2 R 21c ?+ ] ++ + R
17b nn2 ] nn2,! A3A7 , nn2 ! A5 • 2#5! ] 2g5 A 17c "G

5 ] "5
A 17d ' ] A3A7 , " ' A5 18–19 ] om. A 20a ] A3A7 ,
A5 (unmetrical) 20b ,#r c ] A5 , ,#c c A3 , ,#), c A7 20e
2&5 ] 25 A3A5 , 2, A7 20f ,#5 ] 2g#5 A • ] , A 21a
] # A 21b #=#nn# ] ! a# #M{a# #M A5} ,#+ A 21c + , ] A3A5 ,
+ A7
17b 8–c 1(c 2) S1 18(d 6) S2pc
17ab ,nn2 ] R , ,nn2 S1Bh , ,nn2! S2 , , ,2 S3 17b 2#5! ] S2pc
pc ac
R Bh , 2#g –˘ S1 , 2#5 S2 S3 17c =
] S2ABh , –˘ (vv )=
S1 , + S3 •
"G
5 ] S1S2S3 , "GC
5 Bh (conj.) 17d ' ] S1S2pc A3A7Bh , ' S2ac , '-
' S3 • Q5! ] S2S3RA , Q5 S1 , Q5 Bh 18a A ] S1S2RBh , A
S3 18b #">" ] S1S2RBh , #">" S3 • After this Bh conjectures the loss of 2 pādas.
18c #dy ] S2S3RBh , #dy! S1 18d #-5 , ] S2Bh , #-5nn pr S1 , #-5 , S3
pc ac
• IJ# ] S1S2 S3RBh , IJ# S2 (unmetrical) 19a + ] S2 , c S1 , +' S3 , +
Bh (conj.?) 19b ] S1S2pc S3RBh , S2ac •
pc
nn ] S1S2S3 RBh , , S3
ac
19d
2 ] S2S3RBh , +2g,! S1 19e +
cc ] S2RBh , + S1S3 19f ar,! ] S3Bh
pc ac
(em.?) , ar! S1 , a,! S2 (unmetrical) • G ! ] S1 S2S3RBh , G ! S1 20b
,#r c ] S2RA5Bh , , S1 , ,#r c S3 • 2#5 ] S1RABh , 2#5
S2 , 2#5 S3 • After this S1 has 20ef. 20c A'c ] S2S3RABh , A'c S1pc , A'c
ac
S1 20cd #, + ] S1RABh , #, + S2S3 20e A ] S1S2S3RA , A? Bh
(conj.?) • 2&5 ] S2S3R , 2&5 S1 , 25 Bh 21a tt , ] S1S2pc Bh ,
ac pc ac
ttg: S2 , ttg: S3 21b #nn# ] S1S2S3 RBh , # # S3 21c ?+ ] ABh ,
+ S1S2S3 • ,##A ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , ,##A S3
299
311
(312)
+2"5
300 e2 ,"ctt 9
6nc c; LMnn ।

e
, % LM e
, ॥ 22॥
u( ( c dy pr LM।
% nn (c ;
( 6 ॥ 23॥

+ +kt aR B e ।
> ! pr6ttc яtt nn 0॥ 24॥
0Tp
c g 0 T ,।
6 ( 9 (BC pr ॥ 25॥
e , g , e % ।
pr(dy *d ( ( ,9 ॥ 26॥
e , pr kt ।
uLM
Y
LM ( (6 я ॥ 27॥
pc ac
23a ",
] " R 23b c ] + R 23c 6 nn ] R , 6 (vv ) R 24d
ttnn,! ] tt , R 25a )c ] Rpc , (
)c R
ac
25d ] g
R 27c uIJR ] uIJR R
22a c ] e{ A5} A 22c e ] ,! , A5A7 , :,! A3
(unmetrical) 22d e ] A7 , 6 A3A5 23b c ] + A 23c A6 nn ] A3A7 ,
A6M A5 (unmetrical) 24b a| ] +' A 24c prttc ] A3A5 , prttc A7 24d
ac
'яttnn ] #nn# , A3A5 , #nn# ,{ A7 } A7 25a )c ]
A5A7 , 2! c A3 25b 2& 2 ] 5{ nn A7}2&#tt A 25c 2#5 ] 2 5
A5A7 , 25 A3 25d , 2 # ] A3A7 , , # A5 (unmetrical) • ] A 26a
V ] A3A7 , V A5 26c pr ] A3A5 , ,! pr A7 26d :d ] A3 , A5 ,
pc ac
+
, A7 , dv A7 (unmetrical) 27c uIJR, ] uIJ
R {
A3A5}nn A 27d 9]
A7 ,
A3 , A5
22(a 4, a 7–b 2)b 3–b 6(b 7–b 8) S1 25(b 4–b 8)c 1–c 2(c 3) S1
22b ] S3RABh , – () S1 , S2 (unmetrical) 22c e ,! ] RBh (conj.?) ,
e S1 , e ! S2 , e S3 22d e ] S1S2pc S3RA7Bh , e S2ac 23a u'"2 ] S1S2S3R
A , я, Bh (conj., in a note Bh suggests я,2c (typo of я,2c )) 23b #dy ]
S1S2RABh , #dy S3 23c 6 nn ] Rpc A3A7Bh , 6 S1S2 , 6 S3 (unmetrical)
23d + ] S2S3pc RABh , + S1 , #+ S3ac 24c ( prttc ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , pr-
ttc S3 24d 'яtt,! ] em. Bh (silently) , 'я
S1 , 'я ,! S2S3 • ]
A3A5A7ac , S1 , ,! S2S3Bh 25a )c ] Rpc A5A7 , (c S1ac , ( c S1pc ,
(hyc S2 , (Vc S3 , ! c Bh 25b 2& 2 ] S1R , 2&tt, S2 , 2&tt S3 , 2& ,
pc ac
Bh 25c "G? ] S2S3RABh , "Gvv S1 25d , 2 # ] S1 S2S3RA3A7Bh , ,(2 )# S1 •
] S2S3Bh , S1 26a , V ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , { S1ac }V' S1 26b ]
S1pc S2S3RABh , S1ac 26c ,2pr ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , ,2 pr# S1 27c uIJR ]
S1S3A7Bh , uIJR S2 27d 9 ""2 ] S2S3RA7Bh ,
pr2 S1pc , ""2
S1ac
300
312
(313)
+2"5
301 e2 ,"ctt 9
i ~ 69 dv ( ।

a0 ,cc
, LM db!hm9 (#॥ 28॥
( 9 e (c tt ॥ 49॥
28c acc ] gM? R Col. i# +2"5

b>
& ,"ctt R
28c acc ] gcc A Col. i# +2"5

& , ,"tt ॥ 49 A3 ,
i# & , u,"ctt A5A7
28d 1 S1
pc ac pc
28b " ] S1S2 S3RABh , " S2 (unmetrical) 28c acc ] S1 , aMcc S1 , a-
c S2Bh , agc S3 28d db(hm5 ] S2S3RABh , db(hm5 S1 (unmetrical) • "! ] S2S3
RABh , "## S1 (i# part of col.) Col. 31 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5
,2i,
# ,॥ S1 , +2"5 ,"c# ॥ S2 , ॥ +2"5 , 49 (in
letter numerals)॥ S3 , i# +2"5 ,25, # , ,"ctt Bh
301
313
(314)
+2"5
302 "c 9
(c ।
, ।
a ( pr} (,#।
> ; tt9 , ॥ 1॥
pr>
pr kt ( (,9।
+
9 ,9 я 6 +॥ 2॥
6 - ( 6tt sr 9 ।
(,,{ я > $॥ 3॥
( 6tt я +
।
; я +।

++B(я +॥ 4॥
,
%B nn )*+#।
d я ( .% ।
%B (
~ pr pn
;॥ 5॥
3a " ] " R 3b ] M R 3d 9M ] R 4b ] R 5c я# ]

я# R
1c M ,2tt&5 ] {e A5 , A7} ,2prpt{ pt A7} A 1d ]

A 2a ,2 ] ,2 A3 , ,2 A5A7 2b 2#5 ] 2g5 A 3–4 ] om. A 5c
d я# ] A3A5 , dc# A7 5d A' ] ' A 5e , ] ! A3A5 ,
A7 5f ] A3A5 , A7
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.6b (f. 76v), 1.35b (f. 77r) and 2.2 (f. 77v); S2
exposures 60b–62a (f. 68r–69v); S3 f. 74v–76r; R f. 91v–93r; A3 f. 53v–54v; A5 f. 102v–103v; A7
f. 76r–76v.
1(a 7) S2 3a 4 S1 4(a 5–a 8) S2 5(c 4)d 3–d 4(f 8) S1
1 ] RA , g u S1 , u S2S3 , om. Bh (typo?) 1c M ] S2S3RBh , aM S1
• 2tt&5 ] S2RBh , 2 &i S1 , 2tt&i S3 2b ] S2S3RABh , S1 • 2#5 ]
S1S2RBh , 2#g5 S3 2cd 25 я ] RABh , я S1 , 25+ {
S2ac } я S2S3 2d 2# ] S2S3RABh , #o# S1 3a 2# ] S2S3RBh , #o# S1 •
tt ] RBh (em.?) , tt S1S2S3 3b sr5 ] S2S3RBh , sr#5 S1 • ] S1S2S3 ,
Bh (conj.?) 3c ",2 + ] S2RBh , ",g2 c S1 , ",2kk + S3 (unmetrical)
4a ! ] S2S3RBh , S1 4b я ] S2S3Bh , я# S1 4c
] S2S3RBh , M S1 • , ] S1S3RBh , , S2 4d я, ] S2S3RBh , я,
S1 4f 2#' + #, ] R , 2#N ,c #, S1 , , S2S3Bh (cf. 7d) 5a
pc ac
AG ] S1 S2S3RABh , AG( ) S1 5b nn #2#;:! ] S2S3RABh , #2#;: S1 5c #d
pc pc ac ac
я# ] S1 S2 S3A3A5Bh , #d я# S1 (unmetrical) , #dj() S2 5d ",
ac
A' ] R , ", –˘ –˘ A' S1 , ", A'{ # S2 } S2 , ", A' S3 , A
", Bh (conj.) 5f ] S2RA3A5Bh , –˘ S1 (aks.ara has superscript e
) , S3
302
314
(315)
+2"5
303 "c 9
dv pr kt
kt
+,9 ।
6{+ я
sr 9 +{#॥ 6॥
> sr ( , ।
- prB
॥ 7॥
5 ~ T c $ c [ ।

++B((dy

,9 ॥ 8॥
6 > pr kt O6 9।

kt ,9 LM +
9 g ।
6{ + я sr 9 +{#॥ 9॥
>; ($9 ।
c ( ,c (c cc + ॥ 10॥
>, > pr kt O6 9।

,
+ я 6 +॥ 11॥
sr 9 g- > + W।
%B я

6 ॥ 12॥
ac
6b kt ] kt R 6d sr5 ] sr#5 R 7c ' ] '+ R 9b =2 ] R ,
=2# Rpc 9d #V ] ##U R 9f sr5 ] r5 R 11c + ] c R
12a sr5 ] r5 R 12b M #, ] M#, R 12d ] R
6ab pr kt+ kt ] pr kt ,2
A 6c 2# ] A3A7 , #o# A5 6d sr5 ] sr#5
A3A5 , r#5 A7 • ! ] A 7ab ] Instead of this A has 10ab. 7c ' ] '+ A
8a w-c ] A5A7 , h-c A3 8c G""dy ] ""dy A7 , pr"dy A3A5 8d–11a ]
om. A (except for 10ab at the place of 7ab) 11b ] A 11c + ] 5c
A 12a sr5 ] A3A5 , r5 A7 12b M #, ] M ,#, A3A5 , M#,
A7 (unmetrical) • ] A3A5 , A7 12c ,&, ] #,, A 12d ] A
6(a 1–a 2)a 3–a 6(a 7–b 3) S1 8b 4–b 5(c 7–c 8)d 1–d 8→ S1 9←a 1–b 7(b 8, c 2) S1 10(d 1)d 2–
d 8 S 1 11(a 1–a 3) S1 12a 1 S1
6b kt ] em. Bh (silently) , (2) S1 (lower parts lost) , kt S2S3 6c 2#2& ] S2RA3
A7Bh , #o# & S1 , 2#2& S3 6d sr5 ] S2S3Bh , sr#5 S1 • ! ] S1S2RBh ,
! S3 7a sr ] S1S2RBh , ( )sr5 S3ac (unmetrical) , src S3pc (unmetrical)
7b ] S2S3RBh , S1 7c ' ] S1S2S3 , '+ Bh 8a C_c ] S2S3RABh ,
pc ac
C_ c S1 • w-c ] S1 S2S3RA5A7Bh , #-c S1 8c , G ] S1RBh , ,G S2S3
pc
9cd kt 25+ +IJ 5 ] S2 S3RBh , + ()kt 2g5+ +IJ 5 S1 , +
ac
я 2# S2 (cf. 11cd) 9d #V ] S2S3Bh , #V S1 9e 2# ] S2S3RBh , #o-
pc
# S1 9f ! ] S1S2RBh , ¤ S3 (unmetrical) 10c #c ] S1 RBh , #c
ac pc
S1 S3 , #+!c S2 • "c ] S2S3RBh , N"c S1 10d ] S2 RBh , () –˘ S1 ,
ac
S2 S3 • "ccc ] S2RBh , "c S3 11a pr kt ] S2S3RBh , 'pr kt S1 11d
2# ] S2S3RABh , #o# S1 12a sr5 ] S3A3A5Bh , –˘ sr5 S1 , sr5 S2 12b
pc ac pc ac
#, ] S1 S2S3Bh , #, S1 • ] RA3A5Bh , S1 S3 , S1 ,
S2 12c ] S1S2S3RA , M Bh (conj.?) 12d ] S2S3RABh , S1
303
315
(316)
+2"5
304 "c 9
6 % dv,kt я
( y ।
я c ( O ॥ 13॥
(c pr kt
( +
9 ,9 ।
6{
+ я я {
॥ 14॥
- d ug Ov
Y +
; ।
dy O pr pn
॥ 15॥
+^ cc
; ,kt +
9 ,9 ।
я 6{+ я dv 9
॥ 16॥
{
B > B।
+ pr [ Eя +।
+
c 5 0c ; я ॥ 17॥
pt cc , kt 6{
+ я
।
{ 6$0 h ॥ 18॥
13c ] R 13d ,= ] , R 15b =v

# ] v ", R 16a Ucc ] Uc Rac , Uc Rpc 16d я, ] я, R
17b ' ] '+ R • G2 ] G2 R
13a A#dv#, ] A3A5 , A##5 A7 13b b ] b A 13c ] A
13d ,= ] , A 14a ] A3A5 , A7 15a #d ] A7 , M-
#d A3 , M##d A5 15b =v # ] # A3 (unmetrical) , , #
A5 (unmetrical) , # A7 (unmetrical) 16a Ucc ] |c A • kt! ]
A3A5 , kt A7 16d я, ] я, A 17ab G2 ] A7 , G2+ A3 , 2+
A5 (unmetrical) 17b ' 9M ] '+c A • G2 ] G{G A5}2 A 18b 2&
я ] 2 # я, A (cf. 33d) 18c–33d ] om. A
13(c 1, c 3–c 5, d 2–d 4)d 5–d 8→ S1 14←a 1(a 2) S1 16(d 8) S1 17(a 1–a 2) S1 18(b 1) S2pc
pc ac
13a A! ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , A S1 • kt ] S1S2 S3RABh , kt S2 13c 9я ]
S1S2RABh , я S3 • ] em. Bh (silently) , () S1 , S2S3 13d ,= -
] S2S3 , (,)· · · S1 , , Bh 14a ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , S1 14ab pr kt+ ]
pc
S1S3RABh , pr kt+ S2 14b 9#"
5 ] S2S3RABh , # 5 S1 • 25 ] S1 S2S3RABh ,
ac
25 S1 14c 2#2& ] S2S3RABh , #o# & S1 14d я, ] S1S2RABh , яg5
ac pc
S3 15a ,. ] S1S2RABh , , S3 • ] S1RA7Bh , S2 S3 (unmetrical) , : S2
pc
(unmetrical) 15b uV =v
R ] S1Bh , uV
v
R S2S3 (unmetrical) 16a Ucc ] S2 Bh , U ,
S1 , U S2ac S3 16ab kt+ ] RA3A5Bh , kt+ S1 , kt S2S3 16c
2# ] RABh , #o# S1S2S3 16d я, ] S2Bh , я, S1 , я5 S3 17a 2 ] S2
pc pc
S3RABh , 2 S1 17b ] S2S3RA7Bh , S1 • ' ] S2 S3 , '+ S1 Bh , (+ )
S1ac , ' S2ac 17c ] S2S3RABh , S1 17d 'Lя , ] S2RABh ,
,+ S1 , ' я , S3 17e ,' 2#' c ] RABh , 2#N g, я
S1 , ,' 2#N c S2S3 18a ptcc ] S2RABh , ptdy S1 , pt S3 • #,kt ]
S1RABh , #,kt S2S3 18b 2# ] S2pc S3RABh , #o# S1 , # S2ac 18c 2 # ] S1R ,
2 & S2S3Bh 18d #g ] S2S3R , #IJ# S1Bh
304
316
(317)
+2"5
305 "c 9
. ) я ।
pr [ я
+॥ 19॥
ag cc ,kt *d +9 ,9 ।
я 6{
+ dv { dv 9
॥ 20॥
c-+0% ?
+ ।
dv,kt я
॥ 21॥
( tt9 , *d +
9 ,9 ।
я 6{ + (c { y ॥ 22॥
c dv ;
6(।
v > % ॥ 23॥
dv,kt +B(я ।
, kt
++B(я ॥ 24॥
( tt9, +k {я, 6।
+
9 ,9 я % ॥ 25॥
kk{।

яя e ॥ 26॥
19a ;! ] Rpc , ; Rac 20ab #,kt :d ] #,kt :d R 20c я ] я R
pc ac
20d 2 & ] 2 y. R • ] R , R 21b ' 2 ] '+
2
, R 22d b ]
b R 23a 'c dv ] '++{ c Rac }Adv R 24c #, ] '# R 25a
tt&5 ] tt&i R 25b k &! ] 2 & R (unmetrical) 25d , ] Rpc , ,
Rac 26a
] M R 26b ] R 26c ] R
19(a 7) S1 22(b 5–b 6) S1 23a 5 S3

pc pc ac
19a ] S2S3RBh , ! S1 • ;! ] S2 R , (); S1 , ; S2 S3 19b я ]
S1S2S3R , prя Bh (conj.) 19c ' ] S1S2RBh , ' S3 (unmetrical) 20a aVcc ]
S1S2RBh , aV' S3 20b :d ] S2pc S3Bh , :d S1 , :d S2ac •
pc
5 ] S1 S2S3RBh ,
ac

5 S1 20c 2# ] RBh (em.?) , #o# S1S2S3 20d 2 & ] S1 , 2 y. S2Bh , 2 -
pc
# S3 • #dv5 ] S2S3RBh , #dv5 S1 • ] R Bh (em.?) , S1 , S2 ,
S3 21a c.# ] S1R , c # S2S3Bh • A , ] S2RBh , A S1 , A S3
(unmetrical) 21b ' ] S1S2pc Bh , ' S2ac S3 21c '#dv#,kt ] S2S3RBh , A-
ac
#,{ #dv S1 ? }gkt S1 21d я 2#' ] S2RBh , 2#N я S1 , я 2+ ! +#
S3 22a tt&5 ] S2RBh , tt&i S1 , &i S3 22b :d ] S2S3RBh , :d S1 22c
2#2& ] S2RBh , #o#2& S1 , 2#2&2 S3 22d 2 &! ] RBh (em.?) , 2 & S1S2S3
• b ] S1S3Bh , b S1 23a 'c ] S2 , '+cc S1 , ' ˘ S3 , '+c Bh • dv ]
S2S3RBh , dv S1 23c M ] S1pc S2S3RBh , (M) S1ac 24a '#dv ] S2RBh , ' #
S1S3 • #,kt! ] S2S3RBh , #,kt S1 24b G"я ] S2S3R , я# S1 , -
G"я Bh (typo, unmetrical) 24c #, ] S2S3Bh , #,# S1 25a tt&5 ]
S2pc Bh , &i S1 , tt&i S2ac S3 25b &я, ] em. Bh (silently) , & я S1 ,
& я, S2 , & я, S3 • 2# ] S2S3RBh , #o# S1 25c я ! ] S2S3RBh , я
S1 26a , ] S1S2RBh , 5 S3 •
] S2S3Bh ,
! S1 26b ] S2S3Bh ,
S1 • 2kk ] S2RBh , 22 S1 , 2kt S3 26c 22+ ] S2S3RBh , 22 S1
305
317
(318)
+2"5
306 "c 9
6$ я ,((. я ।

+ prя - ++B(я ॥ 27॥
-,kt pt { y।
я 6{+ n ॥ 28॥
v ,%c; %; e ।
% -c ( +D prя ॥ 29॥
,ktg { y।
я pr pn
я,^ 6 +॥ 30॥
v я %B c| hvc ( (।
DWB pr [ я
6 ($+॥ 31॥
я c ( dv( % e ।
dy + pn
॥ 32॥
,kt
+
9; ,9 ।
я 6{+ { я #॥ 33॥
27a я ] я& R 27b #"#"&2 ] #""&#2 Rpc (unmetrical) , #"#N"#2 Rac
(unmetrical) 27d ,
G ] ,=
G R 28a #,kt ] ##,kt R (unmetrical) 28c
я, ] я, R 29b A,& ] & R 30a ] R 30ab #,kt+'V ]
#,=prj #V R 31ab AGcohvc ] AG ,oc R 33a ] R 33d 2 &
] 2 &+ R
28(a 7) S1, d 4–d 5 S3 29(b 6) S1, (d 4) S2pc 30(c 5–c 6) S1 31(c 4, c 8) S1 32(a 3–a 6)a 7–b 6,
c –c (c ) S1
1 2 3 33(c –d 1) S1
8
pc ac
27a я ] S1 S3Bh , ( я)я S1 , я S2 27b #"#"&2 я ] conj. ,
#"#pr я S1 (unmetrical) , #"#&2 я S2S3 , #"#"&2c я Bh (conj.)
27c prя 9. ] S2S3pc RBh , prя ac
S1 , prя . . S3 27d G"я ] S2S3RBh ,
" S1 28a #,kt ] S1S2pc RBh , #,kt S2ac , #,kt S3 28b 2 & ] RBh (em.?) ,
2 & S1S2S3 28c я, ] S2Bh , я#, S1 , я, S3 • 2#2& ] S2S3RBh , #o#-
pc ac
2& S1 , #o# & S1 28d ] S1R , я S2S3Bh • n ] S2S3RBh , =#
S1 29a ] S1RBh , 6 S2S3 29b A,& ] S2S3Bh (Bh adds (?)) , 2& S1 • 2
e ] S2S3RBh , 2( ) S1 29c .c ] RBh (em.?) , c S1S2S3 29d > prя ]
S2pc R , >' , ac
S1 , > prя S2 , > prя S3 , >c , Bh (conj.) 30ab
#,kt+' ] S1Bh , #,kt +' S2S3 30b 2 & ] RBh (em.?) , 2 & S1S2S3 30c
я, ] S1S2RBh , я5 S3 30cd я #U ] S2pc RBh , я #V S1 , я #U
S2ac , я #V S3 30d 2# ] S2S3RBh , #o# S1 31ab AGcohvc ", ] S2Bh , ttR
ohv я S1 , AGcohvc ", S3 31c >G2 ] S1S2RBh , >G2 S3 31d "#- ]
S2S3RBh , #, S1 32a я #2,c#" ] S3RBh , (#2,) – – –˘ S1 (lower parts
lost) , я #2nn{() S2ac }c#" S2 32b dv&"& ] RBh (em.?) , dv&#" S2 , dv&#" S3 (unmetrical)
32d ,' ] S2pc S3RBh , ,=' S1 , ,' S2ac (unmetrical) • pn ] S2S3RBh ,
N S1 33a #,kt ] S1RBh , #,kt S2 , #,kt S3 33b 25 ] S2pc S3RBh ,
ac
25 ! S1 , 2#5 S2 33c 2#2& ] S2S3RBh , #o# &() S1 33d , ] S2S3RBh ,
(,) S1 • 2 & ] em. , 2 &#, S1 , 2 & S2S3 , 2 # Bh (typo?) •
я,! ] RBh (em.?) , я, S1 (anusvāra possibly lost) , я,,! S2 , я, S3
306
318
(319)
+2"5
307 "c 9
% c % c ; я ।
($ u.Bc (॥ 34॥
(6,$c )c % ; 6 ।
-,яc ( %
,
; 6॥ 35॥
( (я , sr 9 ।
5 0 c ; я (॥ 36॥
, pr [ я ।
+ , n॥ 37॥
O .( , #।
( %B %B pr(dy
॥ 38॥
ag ,%B y 5 0> ।
6 ( pn ,9 B+॥ 39॥
34c & ] & R 35b ] 2 &! R 35c ,яc#" ] g,яc R 36b
] Rpc , Rac 36d ] R 38a ,= ] , R 39c #2 ] #2# R
39d 5 + , ] 5M
, R
34b A ] 6 A 34c & ] ,& A3A5 , ,&A A7 • ] ,A A 35b
] 2& A 35c .! ] A3A7 , . A5 35d A ] A A 36b ] A3A5 ,
A7 37a + #,,! ] 6 #,{ #5 A3 , # A5pc } A3A5 , +', #,
A7 (unmetrical) 37b ,2#, ] ,2#, A 38a ,= ] , A 38c #, ]
A5A7 , #, A3
34d 1(d 4–d 6) S1 35(a 7)a 8–c 3(c 4–c 5) S1 37(c 5–d 1) S1 38(c 1–c 5)c 6(c 7) S1
34a ] S2S3RABh , S1 34b я ] S2S3RA , " S1 (tops lost) , "!

Bh 34d 2c ", ] S2S3RABh , 2 (я ) S1 35c .! ] S2RA3A7Bh , . S3
35d 6 A ] S2R , A+M #"dy S1 , 6 A S3 (unmetrical) , A+M
pc
#"dy Bh (em.?) 36a ",! ] S1S2RABh , ", S3 • , ] S2 RABh , , S1
ac pc
S2 S3 36b ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , S3 (unmetrical) • ] S2S3R A3A5 , S1Bh
36c C# 2#' c ] S2RABh , C#, + S1 , C# 2'c S3 (unmetrical)
36d , ] S2S3A , ", S1Bh 37ab ] S2S3RBh , + vv#5 prpt ,2#, # =2 &
S1 37d ] S1S2RABh , S3 (unmetrical) 38a ,= ] S1S2S3 , , Bh
38b " ! ] S1ac S2S3RABh , " S1pc 38c 2#' #, ] S2RA5A7Bh , –˘ # ˘ – ( ),.
S1 (first aks.ara has subscript u) , 2#' #, S3 38d AG ] S2S3RABh , AG S1 39a
a#,V ] S2RABh , ##dvV! S1 , a#,V S3 39b + M ] S2S3RABh , + S1 39c #-
pc ac
2 ] S1S2 S3ABh , #2 S2 39d After this S1 adds 10 pādas reading :
hm5#{( #dv )
ac
S1 }dvV vv +:+#=2 । vvg##,kt ##я । #,,+2& #2{#o(# )
S1pc (unmetrical)}gA- :hm#,2। , &M {(
ac ac
) S1 } , ++{( + ) S1 }#+ ##я-
। a2&tt,& 2, я + , 2g5। , Bh adds 10 pādas reading
:hm5#dvV #-
=2 । ##,kt ##я ॥ #,,+2H& #2gA- :
hm#,2। , &M
,
++#+ ##я । a2& ,& 2, я +, 25॥ (em.?)
307
319
(320)
+2"5
308 "c 9
, ।
ett
> C ( ,।
9 t |%- > ॥ 40॥
u ।
i 69 dykt (, (,।
r dv dvя h ,( ;
( prL ॥ 41॥
0h C O p C ,>, 0#।
r 5 (5 %BLM ॥ 42॥
i ,>,y 0
T
% pr %#।

; pr9 a0 0 C r 0 T
॥ 43॥
( 9
(c ॥ 50॥
40c ,25 ] Rpc , ,2, Rac • t ] '! R 40d oA . M# ] o
# R 41a dykt ] #kt R 42b +)? M2! ] +)){ ) Rac }M+ ,
R 42c rC ] ">! R 43a ! ] r R 43c # ', ] #,+(')+, R
43d # ] g R Col. i# +2"5
b> ,22&tt, , pt R
40a e tt ] A3A7 , e A5 40c ,25 ] ,2, A • t ] A7 , ' A3A5 40d

oA . M# ] 2#A
# A 41a dykt ] dkt A 42a g? ] A3 , ? A5A7
• + ] A3A5 , + A7 • = ] A3A7 , = A5 42b +)? ] A3 , +? A5A7
• 2! ] M , A 43a b ! ] b r A7 (unmetrical) , b-
" 2 A3A5 (unmetrical) 43b # ] # A5 , # A3A7 43c #pr
5 ] #pr
,
A7 , #pr
( A3A5 43d ? ] &? A Col. i# r&{i# A7}+2"5 e2&# sr
# #g:2b> ,22&tt, pt॥ 50 A±
41(d 7) S1
40 ] RABh , om. S1 , u S2 , g u S3 40a e tt ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , ett
S1 40b '"6 ] S2S3RABh , tt "ttR2 S1 40c ,25 ] Rpc Bh (em.?) , ,2,
pc ac
S1S2 , ,2, S3 40d A . ] conj. , A S1S2S3Bh , • M# ] S1 , M#() S1 ,
pc ac
M# S2 , M # S3 , M# Bh (conj.?) 41a dykt ] S1S2 Bh , dykt S2 S3 41d
"" pr ] S2RABh , ""#vv S1 , "" pr S3 42a g? ] RA3 , g S1 , S2S3Bh
pc ac
• + ] S1 S2S3RA3A5Bh , + S1 (unmetrical) • = ] S1RA3A7Bh , =
pc ac
S2 , = S2 , + S3 42b +)? ] A3Bh , +) S1 , +? S2 , + S3 42c
rC ] S1S2S3A , rC Bh (conj.) 42d AG# ] S2pc RABh , + S1 , AG S2ac S3 43a i
] RABh , i S1pc S2 , i ( ) S1ac (unmetrical) , i S3 pc
• M ] S1 S2S3RABh ,
ac
M S1 43b A ] S1RABh , A S2S3 (unmetrical) 43cd ] (S2)(S3)Bh , a&
#,' #( #dvя , )# gIJ# pr' b&# S1 (i# part of col., d: unmetrical) 43c
] RABh , S2S3 43d ? ] S2pc S3RBh , S2ac Col. 45 (in letter numerals)॥
+2"5 # i, ,॥ S1 , +2"5 "c ॥ S2 , ॥ +2"5 ,
50 (in letter numerals)॥ S3 , i# +2"5 # 5, , "c Bh
308
320
(321)
+2"5
309 e2"c 9
e(c ।
u ।

5 ( r #।
cc яB ॥ 1॥
%( y ।
яB $9 ( B
яj #॥ 2॥
(nn ( nn R % +।
( ,
B
॥ 3॥
( ।
a c ~।
v ( 0
॥ 4॥
1b &,,! ] A R 1d ] A! R 2b ] # R 2d я#j,! ]

#я#j,! R 3b + nn| ] + ,| R 4ab # # 2 ! ] "
kv#! R
1b ] A 1d я G , ] A3A5 , я G 5 A7 2a # #A ] # A 2b -

] # A 2c я G , ] A3 , я G , A5 , я G 5 A7 2d G , я#j,! ] G,
, #+,! A5 , # A3A7 3a # "nn ] # , A 3b #" ¦+ nn|A-
] #" ¦ { A5}c' A A 4a #2 # # ] #2nn { _G A3 , G A5} A 4b
#c ] #c A 4cd ] om. A
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 2.2 (f. 77v), 6.8a (f. 78r) and 6.7b (f. 78v); S2
exposures 62a–63a (f. 69v–70v); S3 (up to 32 c 3; f. 77 lost) f. 76r–76v; R f. 93r–94r; A3 f. 54v–55r;
A5 f. 103v–105r; A7 f. 76v–78r.
1(speaker indication syll. 1, b 5) S1 2(d 1) S2pc 3(d 6–d 7) S1 4b 1–b 4(b 5) S1
1b &,,! ] S1S3A , &,2! S2 , &, ! Bh (conj.) 1c &,! ] S2RA , #b ! S1Bh ,

&, S3 (unmetrical) 1d , # ] S2pc A3A5Bh , , # # 2 S1 , , #
ac
S2 (unmetrical) , ,g#tt S3 (unmetrical) 2b b , ] S2S3Bh , vv kQ5-
ac pc
'{ S1 } S1 2c я G , ] S1S2RA3Bh , я G , S3 2d G , ] S2 RBh (conj., Bh
ac
reads G in S2) , 2M +## S1 , G , S2 S3 • я#j,! ] S3Bh (em.?) , #,c S1 ,
+#я+#j,! S2 3a "nn ] S2S3RBh , "nn S1 (unmetrical) • ] S2S3RABh , S1
3b #" ¦+ nn|A ] conj. Bh , #" S1 , #" ¦ + ,|A S2pc , #" ¦ + ,|-
ac ac
A S2 S3 3c #" ] S1S2RABh , #" S3 (unmetrical) 3d G# ] S1 S2S3RABh ,
pc pc ac pc
(G,) S1 4 #" ] S1S2 S3RABh , #" u S2 4b ,_ ] S2 RABh , ,_ S1
S2ac S3 4cd ´v+ "6 , pc
] S2S3 RBh , pr#d , ,! S1 , ´v+ pr6 ,,!
S3ac
309
321
(322)
+2"5
310 e2"c 9

u ।
яB ,я kl
r O %#।
> + $ ( %
॥ 5॥
( ।
a 6 $ ( $+ dy
।
,9 6 % $ ॥ 6॥
% c < яB 0 ।
ky C ,$ ॥ 7॥
aky y. hy> , pr j %#।
a9, pr9 > 6 M,॥ 8॥
u ।
ekt
я ( hLM 6।
u pr9 %B > #॥ 9॥
5a kl
] 2 " R 6a a,' - ] a,H hy R 6b -! ] - R 6cd +2 +

A '- ] pr2 + + A - R 7a–9b ] om. R
5a я G , ] A3A5 , я G 5 A7 5d - " ] A3A5 , - " A7 6a a,' ] a,-

' A 6b -! ] - A 6c +2 +
] "G2 + A (unmetrical) 6d A '- ]
A - A 7a A c ,2 ] A ,2 A3A5 , A ,2 A7 (unmetrical) 7b ]
A5A7 , G A3 7c ,2 ] A3A7 , ,2 A5 • ky ] A3A5 , ky A7 7d ? ] A3A5 ,
A7 8a aky ] A3 , aky A5A7 8c a5+ ] a + A 8d 'J# ]
' ,IJ# A3 , ',IJ# A5 , ' IJ# A7 9b hIJ ] ,! 2IJR A7 , ,!
2" A3A5 9d +M ] ,+M A
5(a 4) S1 6(b 4, c 4–c 7)c 8–d 2 S1
5a , 2я ] S2RA3A5Bh , ,(k)gя S1 , , 2gя S3 5b =#A ] S2S3RABh ,

=#d S1 5c 2M ] S2RABh , 2M S1 , 2M S3 5d - " ] S2S3RA3
A5Bh , - " S1 6 #" ] S2pc RABh , #" S1 , #" u S2ac S3 6a a,'
- ] S2S3Bh , ""- #, S1 6b + , ] S2S3Bh , + –˘nn S1 6d A ! ] S2pc Bh ,
ac
A S1S2 S3 • ] S2S3RABh , S1 7a 9H ] S1S2pc ABh , (я) S2ac , H S3
7b я G , ] S2ABh , я G , S1 , я G , S3 • #& ] S1S2S3 , #& Bh (conj.) 7c
,2 ] S2S3A3A7 , ,2 S1Bh • ky ] S2S3A3A5Bh , kty S1 7d ? ] S2Bh ,
S1S3 8a aky ] A3Bh , akty S1 , aky S2S3 8b prj ] S2ABh , prj S1 ,
ac
prj S3 8c a5+ pr ] conj. Bh (silently) , ai+ pr S2S3 , a5+ S1 , ai+
S1pc 8d M 'J# ] S3 ( for ,!) , &'prN ,H# S1 , M 'g'IJ# S2 ,
M ' 'IJ# Bh (conj.?) 9 ,'2 u ] S1ABh , om. S2S3 9a ] S2S3ABh ,
+ S1 9b + hIJ ] S2S3Bh , + hIJ S1ac , + h S1pc 9d +M ]
R , +M S1S2S3 , Bh (conj.) • ] S2S3RABh , S1
310
322
(323)
+2"5
311 e2"c 9
kt, jB*. tt ।

pr tt O ,#॥ 10॥
B >; 9 , > > ।
> я , O ॥ 11॥
u ।
V 9 ।
pr< ! h% aя,. ।
яя ( ?! M d c. ॥ 12॥
я( kt ।

;. kyy. C ( %Bpr (#॥ 13॥
, ( > *
T
#।
% , [ #॥ 14॥
( C 6।
e+ B,. ([ ?9#॥ 15॥
10b ] #" R 10cd prtt+ ] Rpc , pr+ Rac (unmetrical) 10d -

# ! ] ) R 11ab &5 +M ,2+M ] &i+ A#,&nn ,! R 11d
#=# ] A#=# R 12c pr#H ] +pr+#H R 12d a я + ] hy Lя,-
+ M R 12f #,c ] #,+, R 13c ? ] Rac , C Rpc 14d N # ]
N R 15c 2 ] R
10b : ! ] A7 , : A3A5 • ] #" A 10cd tt+ #=# ] tt ,#=#
A± 11a M ] A7 , M A3A5 • &5 +M ] { A5} &5 A 11b # ] A3A5 ,
#
, A7 11d #=# ] A#=# A 12a + ,! ] A3A5 , + ! A7 12c pr#H ]
pr#H A • (gA ] ( A3 , ( A5 , ( A A7 (unmetrical) 13 ] om.
A 14cd ] om. A 15b 2+ 9& ] & ", A 15c–16d ] om. A
12(a 6, d 4) S2pc 13(a 8) S1 14(b 8) S3

pc ac
10a #kt! ] S2RABh , # ! S1 , #kt S3 • j G ,! ] S2 RABh , j G S1 , я S2 ,
я S3 10b :tt# ] S2S3RA7Bh , , tt #, S1 • ] conj. , #+M S1 ,
ac pc
A S2 , A! S2 , A S3 , A,! Bh (em.?) 10cd ] conj. (cf. R) , Q(#=#
pc
" #,! S1 , pr+ { tt S2 (sec. hand)} #=# &{ # S2ac }! S2 ,
pr+ #=# & S3 , pr+ ,! #=# &,! Bh (conj.) 11a
M ] S1RA7Bh , M S2S3 11ab +M ,2+M ] S2pc S3Bh , +Mnn2+M S1 , +M ,-
ac
+M S2 (unmetrical) 11b # ] S2S3A3A5Bh , #" ++ S1 11c M я ]
S2S3RABh , M я ,! S1 12a + ] S2pc S3RA3A5Bh , + #" S1 , +
ac
S2 (unmetrical) 12c (gA ] S2S3RBh , (gA S1 12cd a я ] A , hy -
я S1S3Bh , hy я+( )+ S2 (unmetrical) 12d + ] S1ABh , M S2S3 12f
pc
#,c ] S1S2 ABh , c+#,+c S2 , #,c S3 (unmetrical) 13c ? ] S1S2S3Rac , C
Bh (conj.?) 13d "AG'pr #" ! ] S2S3RBh , prG#" iA! S1 14b :,! ] S1RABh ,
,! S2 , ( ! ) S3 15b 9& ] RBh (cf. A) , & S1 , &! S2 , & S3
15c e ] S2S3RBh , e S1 15cd G ] S1RBh , G+ S2pc S3 , Gc S2ac
15d "+ N# ] S2S3RBh , "+# S1
311
323
(324)
+2"5
312 e2"c 9

cc
; [
।
,%pr ( pr% ॥ 16॥
ekt
;
;%,
tt।
u % c॥ 17॥
e+ ?! 9 ।
! я,. ?! j( #॥ 18॥
g %pr . pr *. ।

+ d, % ॥ 19॥

B ?! pr9h ।
a>, | [ ॥ 20॥
e , *
Thm9 ।
5 T pr ।

6v
*T%
#॥ 21॥
16a ] R (unmetrical) 17a ekt ] ekt R 17c A ] #" R
18a Q(+ + ]
+ Q(+ R 19a + V ] # V R 19b 2,! ] 2 R
19c , ] , R 19d ] J# R 20d #o ] & R 21f + ' ]
M
R • #A! ] #c! R
17a ekt ] ekt{ kt A7} A3A7 , e kt A5 • + ! ] A3A5 ,

+ ! A7
17b tt ] A5A7 , tt A3 18a Q(+
+ ]
+ Q(+ A 18cd ( я-
&, Q(,! ] ( я&{ & A5 , ,# A7(unmetrical)}, Q( A 19 ] om. A
20a ] A 20c aM ] prM A 20d #o ] & A 21c ]
, A3A5 , + A7 (unmetrical) 21ef , + ' ] , + ' A3A5 , ,+ 6
A7 21f #A! ] #c A
16a ] S1S3Bh , , dd ! S2 • # ] S1RBh , # S2S3 (unmetrical) 16b ! ]
S2RBh , S1S3 16cd pr+ ] S2S3RBh , pr S1 16d prA ] S1RBh ,
'prA S2S3 (or pr ) 17a
+ ! ] RA3A5Bh , + S1S2 ,
+ S3 17b -
tt ] S2S3RA5A7Bh , 2, S1 18a e Q(+ + ] S2S3 , e
+ S1 ,
e + Bh (conj.?) 18a ' ] S2S3RABh , 2 S1 18c ( я ] S1S2
ac
RBh , ( я S3 18cd &, Q(! ] S3RBh , g { G S1 }( S1 , &
Q(! S2 19a V#Apr ] S2S3 , "#"GiM S1 , V #Apr Bh (conj.?) 19b 2pr#
pc ac ac
: ] S2 Bh , 2{() S1 }Q5'2 S1 , 2gpr# : S2 , 2 pr# : S3
pc ac
19c ,2, ,2 ] S2 Bh , ,2nn2+M, S1 , ,2, ,2 S2 , ,2, ,2 S3
(unmetrical) 19d d ] S2S3RBh , d S1 20a G # ] S2R , dyG#A S1 ,
pc ac
G # S3 , ! G # Bh • ] S1S2 RA , g S2 S3 , Bh (conj.)
ac
20d &#N ] S2RABh , #N S1 (unmetrical) , ,&#N S3 • ] S1 ? S2S3R
pc pc ac
ABh , S1 ? 21b ] S1S2 RABh , S2 S3 21c ] S1RBh , #
pc ac
S2S3 21d # ] S1S2 RABh , # S2 S3 21e v ] S1S2RABh , V S3 21f
:#A! ] S2S3Bh , #": S1
312
324
(325)
+2"5
313 e2"c 9

% R ll% 9 ।
?D pr 9 6 ([ c#।
?O %
v॥ 22॥

+ jpt D ,

%।
*
Thm dy
; R
#॥ 23॥
!
T ।
a© , #॥ 24॥
- 9(r ^

i ।
pr 0 5 r y #॥ 25॥
tt^ pr >, > [#।
C pr ॥ 26॥
u> 6+% я#।
pr9( (,T (B,#॥ 27॥
22e 2 ' ] 2' R 22f A,

v ] A, R 23c # ] R 24a
(+ ] + R 24b ] ! R 25a 5" ] 5" R 26a ' ]
'+ R 26b prM+ ] a+dy'++ R 26c ? 'pr ] '? pr R 27d "G-
&# ! ] "Gvv? # ! R
22b llA ] A7 , A A3A5 22c 2Q> ] A3A5 , 2Q> A7 • pr#5, ] A5A7 , pr#5-
, A3 22d + N# ] c# A 22e 2 ' ] 2' A 22f 2Q= ] A3 , 2Q+
A7 , 2IJ A5 • , v ] A3 , , v A5A7 23b + ] + A3A5 , hy A7 •
A ] A3 , A A5A7 23c :hmdy ] A5A7 , :hmdy A3 • # 9| ! ]
A 24a (+ ] (+ A 24b # ] A3A5 , # A7 24c a² ] A3A7 ,
a²? A5 24d , ] #, A 25a 5" ] A7 , 5 A3A5 25b ] A5A7 ,
A3 26a #ttU ] A7 , #ttV A3A5 26c ? 'pr ] '? pr A 27b A ]
{ V A5(unmetrical)} A
24(c 5) S1, (a 3) S2pc

22a + | ] S1S2RABh , | S3 22b llA ] S1S2S3pc RA7 , A S3ac , :ll Bh
22c 2Q> ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , 2Q5 S1 • pr#5, ] S1S2RA5A7Bh , pr#5, S3 22cd 2-
' ] S2S3RABh , 2'+ S1 22e 2 ' ] conj. Bh , pr2 , S1 , 2' S2S3
pc ac
22f 2Q= ] S2S3RA3Bh , 2Qv S1 • , v ] S1S2 A3Bh , , v S2 S3 23a #j#pt ]
S2S3RABh , #j#pt S1 23b + ] S1S2S3R , + Bh 23c :hmdy ] S2S3RA5A7Bh ,
:
hmdy S1 • 9| ! ] S2S3RBh , hy ! S1 23d 2 + # 2! ] S1RABh , 2 +
ac pc
', S2 S3 , 2 + ', S2 24ab (+ 6 , ] conj. Bh , (
ac pc
#,#A d ttR S1 , (+ 6 , S2 S3 , (( ) + 6 , S2 24b
# ] S1S2RA3A5 , # S3 , # Bh (conj.?) 24c a² ] RA3A7Bh , a²
S1 , a_ S2S3 • ] S1RABh , S2S3 25a r U ] S1RABh , r U S2 , r V S3
25b ] S2pc RA5A7Bh , S1 , g S2ac S3 25d ,r 6 ] S2RABh , ,r
S1 , , 6 S3 26a ' #ttU ] S1S2A7Bh , ' # V S3 26c ? 'pr ] S2Bh , vv? #
ac
''pr { '" S1 } S1 , 'pr S3 26d ' # ] S2S3RABh , ' S1 • ,# ] RABh ,
,& S1S2S3 • ] S2S3RABh , S1 27a ] S2RABh , S1S3 (unmetrical)
27b ] S2RA , S1Bh , S3 27c
] S1S2RABh , S3 27d 2 "G&# ! ]
S1ABh , #=# , S2pc S3 (cf. 11d) , # =# , S2ac
313
325
(326)
+2"5
314 e2"c 9

+
( (,9।

+ (
y
,v॥ 28॥

> prL , e я ( ।
> ? dy; e+ >,॥ 29॥
0
+
;।

+ pr $ >C
v॥ 30॥
>,
pr LMnn* T#।
e %
kt 9 ॥ 31॥
a ( %kty ?D ll%।
% 5 , T ( ;v , ॥ 32॥
, r ।

R pr9
॥ 33॥
28b ' ""2#5 ] "' ""2#5 R 28c "# ] M , dy R 29d

#M ] R 30a , ] R 30b ' ] "' R 30d ] "-

R 31a #M ] #M, R 31c A ] gA# R 31d ,#25 ] ,#2,
R 32a a,#" ] Rac , a, ,#" R
pc
• Akty ] A kt R 32b 2Q> , ] 2Q5
, R 33b
#r ] #IJR R
28b ' ] A3A7 , om. A5 (unmetrical) 28c "#

] M
, dy A 29c
2Q dy ] dy 2Q A 29d #M ] A 30a , , ] , A5 ,
, A7 , , A3 30b ' ] A3A7 , "' A5 31a #M ] #M,

A3A5 , #M, A7 31d ,#25 ] ,#2, A7 , ,#2 A3 , ,#2, A5 32a
a,#" Akty ' ] a,"# AktyM? A 32c ] A5A7 , A3 32d ]
A 33a ] ' A 33c 9| ' ] A7 , |' A3A5
32c 4–d 8→ S3 (f. 77 lost)
28b ""2#5 ] S3A , + 5 2g5 S1 , ""2#5 S2Bh 28c ] S2S3Bh , # S1

pc ac
28d b ,# &v ] S2 RABh , 2" " v S1 , b
,#dd &v S2 , b ,# &v
S3 29b я'" ] S2S3RA , #b S1 , я'prA Bh (conj.?) 29c dy ] RBh (cf.
A) , dy S1S2S3 29d #M ] S2S3Bh , #M S1 30b ,2 ] S2S3RABh , ,2
pc
S1 30c -M? ] S1S2RABh , -M S3 30d v ] S2 A , ''2-
ac
S1 , v S2 S3 , ' v Bh (conj.) 31a + #M ] em. Bh
(silently) , + V++ + S1 , + #M S2S3 31b IJ#nn ] S1S2S3pc RABh , IJ-
ac
#, S3 31c A ] S1ABh , gA S2 , gA S3 31d kt ] S1RABh (or
pc
in R) , kt S2S3 • ,#25 ] em. Bh (silently) , ,#2, S1S2S3 • , ] S1S2 RABh ,
ac pc ac
, S2 S3 32a ] S1 S2S3RABh , A S1 32b 2Q>, llA ] S2A , ', 2Q5
S1 , 2Q> , A S3 (unmetrical) , 25
, llA Bh (typo) 32c ] S1S2RA5
A7Bh , S3 • #,C ] S2RABh , #,CA
S1 32d "v ] S2RABh , " v
S1 33a ] S2RBh , ' S1 33b #,#, #r ] S2pc ABh , ktv ,#+M
S1 , #,#, #r S2ac
314
326
(327)
+2"5
315 e2"c 9
(
,
9 #।
яB (
।
0 , %B pr LM॥ 34॥
( pr 9 kl
EяB
LM।
kt ( 0 , ,y; prL
॥ 35॥
c ( E , 0C яR pr LM।
y >C ( ,R y
R prL
॥ 36॥
(9 e v ,9 ।
яB 9
kt %॥ 37॥

u ।
% pr ,
dO ।
kt, ;;6 % ॥ 38॥
,5 6 #।
c C 6#॥ 39॥
34d #2#
] 2#c R 34e 9# AG' ] g hdG' R 35a pr5& ] pr5&,!
R 35b IJ# ] d ! R 35c # kt ] #()kt R 35d ] #" R 36a
c "L ] c '"dy R 36d prI ] pr# I R 37a ' ] +' R 37d A# ]
#A R 39d ! ] ´! R
34d ," ] A5A7 , ," A3 34e 9# AG' ] hdv' A3 , (dG)' ! A5 ,

g2dvtt A7 35b klLя G
IJ# ] kl ! { ,! A5A7} я G ,!{я A5} d
! A 35c
# kt ] #kt A 35d b ] A3A5 , b A7 36a c "L ] c "D A3A5 , c -
"D A7 • ? ] A3A5 , g A7 36d | prI ] | , prL A3A5 , | ,
prLhy A7 37c 5 ] A3A5 , 5 ,! A7 37d A# ] A ! A 38cd ] om. A 39b
2' ] hdy A 39cd ] om. A
34c # ] S1RABh , #" S2 34d ," ] RA5A7 , ," S1 , nn" S2 , ,"

Bh (conj.) • #2# ] S2A , 2# S1 , 2#c Bh (conj.?) • # ] S2RA , S1Bh
34e + ] S1S2RA , Bh (conj.?) • 9# ] conj. , g# S1 ,
# S2 ,
pc ac
#" Bh (conj.) • AG' ] S1S2 Bh , AG(AG) S2 34f prIJ# ] S2RA , pr"H# S1 ,
pc ac
"H# Bh (conj.) 35ab pr5& kl ] S2ABh , pr5&k! S1 , pr5&(#k ) S1 35d b ]
S1RA3A5Bh , b S2 36a c "L ] em. Bh (silently) , c "L S1 , c "L? S2 •
? ] S1RA3A5Bh , S2 36b я | ] S1pc S2RABh , я G | S1ac 36cd |
b
| prI ] conj. Bh (silently) , g' vvb prI S1 (cf. 35cd) , | b|
gprIJ# S2 (cf. 35b) 37a ' ] S1pc S2ABh , (vv) S1ac 37c , 5 ] S1RA3A5
Bh , , 5 S2 37d A# ] S2Bh , , S1 38a A+' ] S1RABh , A' S2pc ,
ac pc ac
A ( ) S2 • ] S2 RABh , g S1 , S2 (unmetrical) 39a , ]
S1S2RA , Bh (typo) • 2 C ] S2RABh , 2tt S1 39b 2' ] S2RBh , 2 S1 39c
#+ ] RBh (em.?) , #+#+! S1 , #+,! S2 39d ,c? ,! ] S2Bh , ,c S1ac
(unmetrical) , ,c S1pc
315
327
(328)
+2"5
316 e2"c 9
u ।
% 6E 9 #।
aR 5 6 ,
; ॥ 40॥

a( > nn } ,।
я y 6v яp ,> #॥ 41॥
i tt 69 dv (
।
y pr [ ,#॥ 42॥
edy 0 , r
( ( ( ~,6 9 pr% R ( ( r #।

i R
( - r #

*T hm9
;dy 6 %kt #॥ 43॥
( 9 e(c ॥ 51॥
41a #,+M,! ] #,+M R 41d v ] v Rac , (V Rpc 42a ,2 ] ,2 R
43a ] ' R 43b #,_5 ] #,_5 R 43c #2 ] #2'
dv R Col.
i# +2"5

b>
2
'g R
40a ] A3A7 , ! A5 (unmetrical) 40c ] # A 41a #,+M,! ] A7 ,

#,+M A3A5 41b & ] A3A5 , ,! &- A7 42a i ,2 tt ] inn2 tt A7 ,
inn2&tt{ A3} A3A5 42c , ] A3A5 , A7 43 ] om. A Col.
i# 2 'g ,॥ 51 A3A5 , a ॥ i# 2 'g ,॥ a ॥ 51 A7
42(a 7)a 8 S1
40a ] S2RA3A7Bh , S1 (unmetrical) 40c a|,! ] S2RABh , a| S1 41a

pc ac

a ] S1 S2RABh , M S1 41ab +Mnn ] A7Bh (em.?) , +M , S1 , +M-
nn S2 41b 2& ] S2RA3A5Bh , 2 &- S1 41c ] RABh , # S1 ,
c S2 • я ] S2RABh , я" S1 41d я)M ! ] S2RABh , я) DM ,!
S1 42a i ] S1S2pc RBh , i,! S2ac 42d 2## ! ] S1RABh , 2# ! S2 43a ]
S2RBh , A S1 43b #,_5 ] S1Bh , #,_5 S2 (unmetrical) 43c #2
] conj. , #2
ac
'
S1 , #2' {
S2 ? } S2 , #2' ! Bh (conj.?) • ] S2RBh , S1 •
. ] S2RBh , r S1 43d :hm5 ] S1S2R , :hm5 Bh (typo) • Akt ] S2R
Bh , Akt S1 (unmetrical) • 2! ] RBh , k## S2 (i# part of col.) , 2 # S1 (i#
part of col.) Col. 43 (in letter numerals)॥ +2"5 ,2& -5 ॥ S1 , +2"5

2"c ॥ S2 , i# +2"5 ,2& -5 e2" Bh
316
328
(329)
+2"5
317 #dv"c 9
dv(c ।
5 u ।

( LM %,9।
((O% eLM #॥ 1॥
> 9 kt ( % ।

,( eLM #॥ 2॥
u ।
LM y ।
( (,D % M6 9 ॥ 3॥
pnn (
T।
v0
g srpr ॥ 4॥
1b A2#5 ] t#5 R 1cd e ] :hmnn

R 2ab kt # ] pr kt r# R
3a ,
] AG #, R 3b #b ] b R 4b & ] pr& R 4d , ]
, R
1a ",+ ] A3 , ,+ A5 , ",+' A7 1b 2#5 ] 25 A3 , 25 A5 , 2g,

A7 1c "" =#A ] "" #, A 1cd
e ] :hm,!{ 5! A7} e A 2ab ] om. A
2c–3d ] om. A7 3a ,
] AG #, A3A5 3b #b ] #b ! A3A5 3cd
>#A + #,J 5 , ] ># #,,! 5 A3A5 4b & ] pr& A 4c
,v ] A3A5 , ,+ A7 • V ] A7 , V A3A5 4d srpr , ] srpr A5
(unmetrical) , ", c A3A7
Manuscripts available for this chapter: S1 photos 6.7b (f. 78v), 6.21a (f. 79r), 6.20b (f. 79v), 1.24a
(f. 80r), 1.23b (f. 80v), 1.26b (f. 81r), 1.27a (f. 81v), 7.12a (f. 82r) and 7.11b (f. 82v); S2 exposures
63a–67a (f. 70v–74v); S3 (from 14 f 8; f. 77 lost) f. 78r–81r; R f. 94r–98v; A3 f. 55r–57r; A5 f. 105r–
108rr; A7 f. 78r–81r.
2←a 1–c 5(c 6–d 2) S1, a 1(a 2) S2
pc ac
1a 2 ",+ , ] S1S2 RA3Bh , 2 , "+ nn S2 1c ""=#A ] S2R , ""
v#A S1 , ""
-
ac
=#" Bh (conj.) •
e ] S1 S2 , e S1pc , :hmnn
Bh 2a M ] S2RABh ,
+ M S1 • A ] S2RBh , A S1 3a ] conj. , , S1S2Bh 3b #b ] em.
Bh (silently) , #b S1 , #b S2ac , b S2pc 3c >#A ] S1R , >#" S2Bh 3cd
+ #,J ] RBh (em.?) , #, S1 , #, S2 4a ,#),#nn ]
S2RABh , ,#),#Ann S1 4b , '"6& ] RA , +,+,'"6& S2 , , "6 S1 , , #6G6& Bh
(conj.?) • & ] S2Bh ,
& ! S1 4c ,v
, V ] S2RBh , , v
v, S1
317
329
(330)
+2"5
318 #dv"c 9
?!я ( ।

*
T hm9 dyc a ( 9 #॥ 5॥
5 0 ,D > ; ।
rB
+dy >
, kt 0
,9 ॥ 6॥
>
; %p ( ktя, #।
$ kt
; LM॥ 7॥
c % (9 0 ।
%kt , nn
; LM॥ 8॥
*
T hm9 LM
g( ।
+k, 5 a 0,5 > ॥ 9॥
5a , +#,' ] , +{+ Rac }#, R 6a C# ] C#, R 6c

rG
dyM, ] rG
'( R 7a A), ] "k), R 7d ] R
8a ] vv
R 8b " 5 ] "5 R 8d After this R adds 2 pādas reading i

A'
, ।
5ab ] om. A 5cd :hm5

dyc a" ] om. A5 (unmetrical) 5c dyc ] dy+ A3A7
6a C# ] #, A 6c dyM , ] dydy #c A7 , dg # A3 , dg #
A5 7a ] A7 , c A3A5 • A), ] ),,! A3A5 , ),,! A7 7b "# ]
"# ,! A3A7 , # ,! A5 • #я ! ] A7 , #я ,! A3A5 7c kt' ] kt'
A3A5 , kt' A7 7d , ] nn A7 , A3A5 8b "5 ] "
5 A3A5 , ",
A7 8c Akt #nn ] A3A7 , Akt cc#nn A5 (unmetrical) 8d ] vv A7 ,
"? A3 , ? A5 • After this A adds 2 pādas reading i
A' , ।
±
5(a 8) S1
5a , +#,' ] S2Bh , #,'+dy#, #(pr) S1 5b , ] S2R , #dvя S1Bh 5c

:
hm5 ] S2RA3A7 , : hm5,! S1Bh 5d a" ] S2RA3A7Bh , a",! S1 • 5# 2 ! ]
S2RABh , 5# 2 S1 6a ] S2R , :
hm5 S1 , :hm5 Bh (em.?) 6ab ,2>
M ] RA , ,2> M S2 , ,,M b"&# ! S1Bh 6c rGdyM, ] conj. ,
rGdd'M S1 , rG dy , S2Bh 6d After this S1 adds 4 pādas reading :hm5 +M"-

dy+ "#IJdd। #,+ +"nn ,2 , "H# । , and Bh adds : hm5 dy+
"#IJ। #,+ +"nn ,2 , "H# ॥ (conj.?) 7a A), ] S1 , A),
S2 , ), Bh (em.?) 7c -# ] S1RABh , -# S2 • ] S1R , v S2 , Bh
(conj.?) 7d ] S2ABh , #" S1 8a c ] S2RABh , cc S1 8b " 5 ] S1S2 ,
pc
" 5 Bh 8c Akt ] S2RA3A7 , Akty S1Bh • #nn ] S2 RA3A7Bh , cc #, S1
S2ac 8d After this S2 and Bh add 2 pādas reading i A' , । 9b
pc ac
" ] S1S2 RABh , " S2 9d a'C#+M ] S2pc RABh , a'C#+M
S2ac , - { # S1ac } #я #( ! S1
318
330
(331)
+2"5
319 #dv"c 9
(- kt 6 T ।

pr T6tt c %kt c dvя ॥ 10॥
$ $ >C prя dy ।
я
pr 9 nn
॥ 11॥

;< , kt 0,5 > ।
+ 6ttLMnn *
T hm9(Bя।
(< , pr, ॥ 12॥
%kt 9, B! (,я, ।
*
T hm9 c
+9 ( ।

(< 6 ॥ 13॥
O,( 9
,+ я % #।
,(,| > %kt T ।

pr pr pn ( #॥ 14॥
10d ´ ] ´ R 12a H kt ] Hc #ttkt R 13a 6 ] 6 R

14a =#" ] v#" R 14b A #! ] ++ #,g R 14c #o+M ] #o-
+ + + R
10ab ] om. A 10c–12b ] om. A7 11b prя, ] prя A3A5 • dy ] A5 , -

dy A3 12a kt ] +#tt{ # A5}kt A3A5 12c #tt ] A3A7 , # A5
13ab ] om. A 13c :hm5c ] A3 , :hm5c A5 , :hm5,c A7 (unmetrical) 13d #,'
" ] #,'" { # A7} A 13f # ] A7 , ,! +# A3A5 14a 5 -
] A5A7 , '
A3 14b A #! ] A#,{ A7} A 14c #" ]
#" A
10b 8 S1 12f 8 S1 14←a 1–f 7 S3
10b ] S2RBh , hy –˘ S1 10d #dvя ] S2RA3A5Bh , #dvя S1 11a -#6 ]
pc
S2RA3A5Bh , -#6 S1 11b prя, ] S1RBh , prя S2 • dy ] S2 RA5Bh , I-
ac
S1 , dy S2 11d ] S2RABh , S1 (unmetrical) 12b #+M ] S1S2pc RABh ,
ac
#+M S2 12c #tt##Jnn ] S2RA3A7Bh , , C#IJnn S1 12d "Gя, ] S2R
A , "Gя2 S1Bh 12f ++ pr2&# ] S2RABh , pt :hm5+ –˘ S1 13a 5 ]
S1pc S2RBh , i S1 • 6 ] S2Bh , 6 S1 13b #я ] S1RBh , #я
S2 13c :hm5c ] S1S2pc RA3Bh , :hm5c S2ac 13d #,' " ] R , #,'"
S2 , #,' " S1 , #,' " Bh (conj.?) 13e , ] S1RA , , S2Bh •
,2,! ] S2RA , ,2 S1Bh 13f After this S1 adds 4 pādas reading Akty i#

#+M !। : hm5
, "H# ,2 , IJ# । 14a =#" ] ABh , =#" S1 , U #"
S2 14b A ] S2Bh , S1 14c #" ] S2RBh , vv#" S1 • +M ]
S1pc S2ABh , +M S1ac 14e ,2,! ] S2RA , ,2 S1Bh
319
331
(332)
+2"5
320 #dv"c 9
pr
; 6
( ।
a ( (
d ॥ 15॥
y (OD c W hr ।
( +DW ( ॥ 16॥
( 9 dvя +
; y #।
pr,

( nn Tя ॥ 17॥
a| 0 c *T hm9(Bя ।
c
; LM 0 #॥ 18॥
%0 kt O6 h%я, ।
0,9 kt (< nn ॥ 19॥
15a pr ] pr R 15c ] R 16a b#, "=2#>c ] b#, "=2#>! R

16c >#, ] Rpc , -#, Rac 16d # ] # R 17d я# ] pr# R 18c -
, c ] V R 19b #я ] ##я R (unmetrical) 19c + ] dg
R • kt ] kt R
15a pr ] A3A5 , pr A7 •

] A7 , A3A5 15c a,#" #" ¦+ ]
a #" ¦{ A3}+ A3A7 (unmetrical) , a,c #" + A5 15d d' ] A3 ,
d' A5 , ' A7 16a b#, "=2#>c ] b#, "=2#>! A5A7 , b#,

, "=2#>! A3 (unmetrical) 16c >#, ] "="#5 A3A5 , "="#, A7 16d #, , #
# ] #, , # A7 , nn я# A3A5 17a "#65 ] A7 , "#65 A3A5 17a
#»,! ] A3A5 , #b A7 17c pr2 ] A3A7 , pr2 A5 (unmetrical) 18c c ]
A 19b =2 gA#я ] , &#, A± 19c + ] ! g A
• kt ] A7 , kt A3A5 19d ,2nn ] ,2 , A
18(d 7–d 8) S1
15a ] S1S2S3R , Bh (conj.?) 15d d' ] RA3Bh , d' S2S3 ,

+!+A' S1 16a b#, ] em. Bh (silently) , b#, S2S3 , b,# S1 • "=2#-
>c ] S3 , "#=2#>c S1S2 , "=2#> ! Bh (conj.?) 16c #" #, ] S2S3RA , #"
pc
- S1Bh • >#, ] S1S2S3R , >c Bh (conj.?) 16d #, ] S2S3RA7 , ttR S1 ,
nn Bh • , # ] S1S2S3A7 , pr# Bh (conj.) 17a "#65 ] S1S2S3RA7 , "#65
Bh 17ab я &, ] RABh , я &, S1S2S3 17b #b,! ] RA3A5Bh , #b !
S1 , #b S2S3 17c #,' ] S1RABh , #,' S2S3 • pr2 ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , pr2Q S1
17d nn ] S2RABh , , S1 , , S3 18b "Gя2 ] S1S2pc RABh , "Gя2 S2ac S3 18c
c ] S2S3Bh , S1 18d IJ' ] S2S3pc RABh , IJ' S1 , IJ# S3ac
19b =2 gA#я ] S2pc , =2 gA#я S2ac S3 , { S1ac }VA##я S1 , VgA#-
pc ac
#я Bh (em.?) 19c + ] S2S3Bh , S1 , –˘ S1 • 25 ] S2S3RA ,
S1Bh • kt ] A7 , kt S1 , kt++ S2 , kt S3 , kt Bh (em.?) 19d ,2nn ]
S2pc S3R , ,2 , S1Bh , ,2nn S2ac
320
332
(333)
+2"5
321 #dv"c 9
.g , , (L

।
,
; 9 j( ।
,( ( ,nn( .[
॥ 20॥
9 ( (%, , ।
nn pr(< d, ॥ 21॥
,9 dd я ।
( E (
\.n ॥ 22॥
(rB+9 kt 0
( ,9 ।
(- 6 ( LM #॥ 23॥
(D cc ( ( C pr LM।
, ( LM॥ 24॥

; ~ C pr(dy।
a pr T॥ 25॥
20a + ] + R 20b '+'"#I ] '"#I R 20d ] R

20f #N ] N R 21a +6&5 ] +6&5c R 21c nn ! ] nn R 21d 2
-
pc ac
# ] 2#c R , 2#c R 22b ! ] R • ] R 22c n ] Rpc ,
ac
I R 23b #6#
,#" ] #Qd ,#" R 25a ] ,! R 25b ? pr# ]
vvM ,#A R
20c ,& ] ,tt{ A5} A 20d j"# ] A5 , j# A3A7 • ] A7 , A3 A5

21c nn ! ] nn A • "H# ] A5A7 , "H# A3 21d
2
# ] 2#c A7 ,
2#c A3A5 22b я # ] 2 # A 23a kt ] kt A 23b ,#" ] A3A7 , ,#
A5 23c–25b ] om. A 25c a ] a A3A5 , a#" A7 25d ,2
pr# ] ,2pr# "dy A
21b 3(b 4) S2 24(a 5, b 3–b 5, b 8) S2
20a #g, + + ! ] S2ABh , #g, + + S3 , #,' #g, S1 20c ,& ]
pc
S1S2S3R , ,& Bh (typo) 20d 5! ] S1S2RABh , 5 S3 • # ] S2 S3RABh ,
ac
# S1S2 20e & ] S2S3RABh , j S1 • ""#, ] S2S3RABh , ""#5 S1
21a ] RABh , S1S2S3 21b "# A# ] S1RABh , "# A# S3 (unmetrical) , "#
–˘ ()# S2 21c +nn ! ] S2S3 , + , S1 , +nn Bh • "H# ] S1S2RA5
A7Bh , H# S3 (unmetrical) 21d 2#d ] S2S3 , 2#g S1 , 2#cd
Bh (em.?) • # 2 ] S1S2S3RA , ## 2 Bh (em.) 22b ! ] S2ABh , S1S3
22c "# ,& ] S2S3pc RABh , "# ,& S1 , "# ,& S3ac 23b #6# ,#" 25 ] S2S3A3A7 ,
, 2g S1 , , kk2#A Bh (conj.?) 23c ] S1S3RBh , S2 23d ,-
pc ac
#IJ# ,! ] S2 S3RBh , , "# ! S1 , #IJ# , S2 (unmetrical) 24a
2 # "> ] S2S3RBh , 2' ">#, S1 • cc#" ] S2RBh , #" S3 , vv#5 S1 24b
"' ? ] S2S3RBh , S "' S1 • IJ# ] S2S3RBh , IJ & S1 24d IJ# ]
S2S3RBh , "H# S1 25a ] S2S3Bh , S1 • _ ] S2S3RBh , _ ,! S1 25b
pr# ] S2Bh , pr# S3 , , pr# S1 25c a ] S2S3RBh , a S1 25d
pc ac
] S2 RBh , S1S2 S3
321
333
(334)
+2"5
322 #dv"c 9
u ।

6 hy
; ^B{ r ।
aя T pr ^B{ ( 0#॥ 26॥
5 u ।
( % * T hm9 ।
; . .
%
v #॥ 27॥
( pt tt।
eLM > % LM %#॥ 28॥
u ।
- pr mn 6O9 i pr%।
( %s %B ।
( %%T
B
॥ 29॥
26a ',hy ] hyM R 26b 2G r ] 2G + R 26c я ] & R 26d
2G ] 2G + R 28b #2, tt ] 2U2G #A 2M R 28c #IJ# ] #-
#" R 28d #+ IJA! ] ,! #+ R 29a #pr ] #pr R 29d AG## ]
AG i# R 29ef 'A
G ] '(o)+A+ R 29f ] я R
26 ,'2 u ] om. A 26a 2 ] 2

A • hy ] hy
A3 , hy A5 ,
hy
A7 26b 2U ] A7 , 2V A3A5 • 2G r ] 2G pr A3 (unmetrical) ,
2G pr A5 , 2G A7 26c я ] & A5A7 , & A3 • #pr ] #pr A
26d 2U ] A7 , 2V A3A5 28b , ] ,#{ # A7} A 28d #+ IJA! ]
#{ #nn A3}+ A 29a + ] + A7 , +,я A3A5 29b prA ] prA
A 29c–43b ] om. A
26(b 1)b 2–b 5(b 6–b 8)c 5 S1pc 27d 5–d 6(d 7) S1pc 28(d 5–d 8) S1pc , a 1(a 2) S3
26 ,'2 u ] S1RBh , om. S2S3 26a 2 ] S1S2RBh , 2 S3 • hy ] S1S2
Bh , hy S3 • After this S1 adds one pāda reading 9#" , , and inserts an illegible
pāda and 26b–28d i.m. by sec. hand; Bh adds 9#" , and conjectures loss of one pāda.
26b–28d ] om. S1ac 26b 2U ] S2pc RA7Bh , (2) –˘ S1pc , 2U S2ac S3 • 2G r ]
S2Bh , –˘ –˘ ˘ ( ) S1pc (unmetrical) , 2G S3 26c a,я ] S2S3Bh , a,я+ –˘ +
S1pc pc pc
• #pr ] S1 S2 S3RBh , #pr S2
ac
26d ,! ] S2S3RABh , , S1pc 27a "+ -
pc pc
+ ] S2S3RABh , " + S1 • A,! ] S2RABh , A S1 S3 27c #2 ] S2S3RABh ,
pc pc pc ac
#2 S1 27d A ] S1 S2 S3RABh , A S2 28a ,pt ] S1pc S2RABh , pt S3 28c
pc
2#M ] RABh , 2#M S1 , 2#M ! S2S3 28d A#+ IJA! ] S2Bh , A #+ IJA
pc
S3 , #+ + +, (A) S1 (bottoms lost, unmetrical) 29c 9A'p ] RABh , A p
S1 , Ay S2S3 29d AG ] S2pc RBh , A S1S2ac S3 pc
• , ] S1S2 RBh , 2
S2ac S3 29ef "'A'A G ] S S
2 3Bh , " gA' AG a S1 29f , ] S2S3 , ,
, S1 , , Bh (em.?)
322
334
(335)
+2"5
323 #dv"c 9
6 dv %B , -।

я %6॥ 30॥
% , y , i ।
(
9LM . c a69 c % ।
я (9c 6<
॥ 31॥
aj %।
a%(dy ( >C
pr j.,॥ 32॥
।
r
tt
> kt ~।
6 > d [ % #॥ 33॥
a9 .
я - . ।
dv0 > d ,d, ,#॥ 34॥
( 0LM Eя y ।
( . . c ( ? ॥ 35॥
30c ,# ] , # R • + ] + R 30d #A ] # R 32a 2# ! ] #2-
#c ! R 32b A] & R 32c "dy+ ] + R 33 ] я R 33d
,N#A ] ,+N|+ R 34c #dv ] #dv R 34d 2 ! ] 2D R 35a " ]
" R • #IJя! ] #=
я! R 35d " 2Q , ] "+' 2Q R
30(c 1)c 2–d 1(d 2) S3 33a 4–a 8(b 1)c 6 S3 34(c 1–d 1)d 2–d 8→ S1 35←a 1–d 8→ S1
30b AG ] S2pc RBh , A S1S2ac , A S3 (unmetrical) 30c ,# ] S2Bh , , #
S1 , ,· · · S3 • + ] S2 , + + S1 , + Bh (em.?) 31a ] S2S3RBh ,
pc ac
S1 • b ] S1S2 S3RBh , btt S2 31b , ] S1S3RBh , S2 (unmetrical)
31c "6 5 ] S2S3RBh , "6 ,
S1 • 2c ] S2S3RBh , 2c S1 31d a,5c ] S2S3R
Bh , a,5c S1 • A' ] RBh (em.?) , A' S1S2S3 31e я"#5 c ] S2S3R ,
я"#5 c S1 , я "# c Bh (conj.?) 32a ' ] S2S3RBh , ttR S1 • 2# ! ]
conj. Bh (silently) , 2#c S1 , #2#c ! S2S3 • 6 ] S1S2RBh , 6 S3 32c "dy+ ]
pc ac
S1Bh , + S2S3 • "6M? ] S2RBh , "6M S1S3 32d ] S1S2 S3RBh , S2
pc ac
• ' ] S1S2 S3RBh , ' S2 • prj#, ] RBh (em.?) , prj#nn S1S2 , prj#nn S3
33 ] S2 , u S3 , a6 & u S1 , Bh (conj.) 33b , kt ' ] S2RBh ,
ac
, kt ' S3 (tops lost) , kt'{( ' ) S1 } S1 • ,_ ] S1RBh , ,_ S2S3 33d
,N#A ] S2S3Bh , ,N# S1 34a a6&5 ] S2S3RBh , a+6&5 S1 34c 2M -
#d ] S2S3RBh , (2 # #dv#d) S1 (upper parts lost) 34d #d! ] S2RBh , #d S3 35a
#IJ я! ] S2Bh , #IJ S3 35c 2c ] RBh (em.?) , 2c S2S3
323
335
(336)
+2"5
324 #dv"c 9
( ./0 kt ( ।

a-,c (
L
॥ 36॥
^
(j) !pr
।
. я cc; ( #॥ 37॥
> % ( ( 0 ।
.[
r
^ *. #॥ 38॥
6v ( pr a* T,hm #।
(9 % dO ॥ 39॥
( tpr я,#।

kt ?! 0 pr% ॥ 40॥
u ।
ekt я hr ( ।
>; j ?! 9 #॥ 41॥
h , +, ।
dd< >- J ॥ 42॥
36a " # ] "#" R 36b #kt, ] #kt, R 36d I,

, ] I, R 37c
cc ] cc#" R 39a ] R 39b a#6:hm ] a#6:hm R 39c '"#65& ] '"#6-
5 R 40b '#я ! ] "#Lя ! R 41b #hr " ] #o++#
R 41d #,! ] &#,! R 42b ] # 2 R 42c ++ & ]
++ R 42d D, ] , R
36←a 1–a 8 S1, (c 1–c 2)c 5–c 7(c 8) S3 39(b 6–b 7)b 8 S1 42(c 3)c 4–c 5 S1
ac pc
36a " ] RBh (conj.) , " S2S3 • ] S2 RBh , & S2 , S3 • ]
pc ac
S2 RBh , S2 S3 36b #kt, ] RBh (em.?) , #ktR5 S1S2 , #kt5 S2pc , #'o5 S3
ac
• ] S1Bh , S2 , S3 36c a.c ] RBh (em.?) , a.c S1 , uc S2ac , a.c
pc
S2 , (u)c S3 (upper parts lost) 36d #, ] S3RBh , #, S1S2 37a 2#"j; ]
S1pc S2S3RBh , 2#"#j; S1ac 37c # ] S2S3RBh , # S1 • 9я,cc ] em. Bh
(silently) , я,c S1S2S3 38a M A ] S2S3RBh , S1 • " ] S1S2RBh ,
" S3 38c r
U ] S1S2RBh , rV S3 38d : ] S2S3RBh , S1 (unmetrical)
39a ] S2S3Bh , S1 (tops lost) 39b a#6:hm ] S2pc Bh , a#6:hm S1(tops lost)S2ac S3
39c '"#65& ] em. Bh (silently) , "#65& S1 , '" 5& S2S3 39d d#=# ] S1S3RBh ,
+d+#dv=# S2 40b 'pr ! ] S2pc S3Bh , 'pr S1S2ac pc
• #я ! ] S1S2 S3 , -
ac
#я S2 , #я ! Bh (em.) 40d prA ] S1RBh , prA S2S3 41a kt
] S2RBh , kt S3 , kt+ S1 41b #hr ] S2pc Bh , h S2ac S3 , #o S1 •
ac
] S1Bh , # S2S3 41c M ] S1S2S3R , Bh (conj.) 41d #,! ] S1S2
S3 , &#,! S2pc Bh 42a ] S2S3RBh , S1 42b , ] S1S2RBh , , S3 42c
++ & ] S2Bh , + & S3 , + ( & ) S1 • #ddH ] conj. , #ddH S1S2 , #H
S3 (unmetrical) , #dvH Bh (conj.) 42d ] S1S2pc RBh , S2ac S3 42d D, ]
S1 , D, S2Bh , D, S3
324
336
(337)
+2"5
325 #dv"c 9
; %dvpr 6 >,

,9 ।
y %B pr 9 > #॥ 43॥
+,
%।
kl<
pr kv#।
5 >,
r nn ( ~॥ 44॥
ekt , (я।
9
6 pr॥ 45॥
^B{ %6 6 p y।
.[ * y , a p0 ;LM॥ 46॥
?! .} 5 O#।
( (
h%6< i* T#॥ 47॥
(
% LM 6> ।
^B{
mn %O
॥ 48॥
43c ] R 44c #klH

] 2=
R 44e r+ ,! ] pr A( R 46a A' ] #Ady
R 46d IJ ] dy R 48c 2G# ] 2G R
43c #b ] +b A • AG ] A5A7 , AG A3 44a 2 ] 2{ 2 A7}+
A 44ab + ] A3A5 , AG A7 44d kv# ! ] A3A5 , 2# ! A7 44e CM+ 9
r ] A3A5 , CM+ pr A7 45a #,#i ] #pr#! A3A5 , #pr# A7 45b #, ]
A3A5 , #, A7 • я#, ] A5A7 , я#, A3 45d ] A3A5 , A7 • + ]
+ A 46a 2U2G ] #2#'2G A3 , #'2#'2G A5 , 2#c'2G A7 46b &' ]
A3 , &' A5 , &' A7 46cd b a ] A3 , bttc A5 , btt a A7
46d IJ ] #IJ# A 47a Q( ] f A 47b C =2! ] A3A5 , C
=2 A7 47cd gA&H i ] A= , A 48c 2U ] A5A7 , 2V A3
• ] A 48d ] A3 , A5A7
45a 8 S1 46(b 4) S2pc 48c 1–c 2(c 3, d 7–d 8) S1

43a , ] S1S2pc RBh , S2ac S3 • #dvpr ] S1RBh , #dvpr S2S3 43c ] S1S2RA
Bh , S3 (unmetrical) • AG ] S1RA5A7Bh , AG S2S3 43d #+M,! ] S1S2pc S3RABh ,
ac
#+M,! S2 (unmetrical) 44a ] S1S2RABh , S3 44b ] S2S3RABh ,
+ S1 44d kv# ! ] S1pc S2S3RA3A5Bh , #kv ! S1ac 44e + 9 ] S1S2RA3A5Bh ,
+ S3 • r ] S1S2S3A3A5 , c Bh (typo) • + ,! ] ABh , + S1S2S3 44f
"6+ ] S2S3RABh , "6 S1 (unmetrical, an aks.ara i.m. possibly lost) 45a #,#i ]
RBh (conj.?) , #,#vv –˘ S1 , #,#tt S2S3 45b #, ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , #, S1 (unmetrical)
• я#, ] S2S3RA5A7Bh , ', S1 45d ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , S3 • + ] RBh
(em.?) , + S1 , + S2S3 46a 2U2G ] S1S2RBh , 2V2G S3 46b '#), ] S1S2pc S3RA
Bh , '#, S2ac • ] S1S2S3RA , Bh (conj.) 46c b ] S1pc RA3A5Bh , btt S1
(unmetrical) , btt S2 , btt S3 46d ) ] S2RABh , ) S1S3 • IJ ]
S2pc Bh , IJ S1S2ac S3 47a Q( ] R , Q( S1 , Q(+ S2S3Bh 47b
C ] S1S2RA3A5Bh , C S3 • =2! ] S1S3RA3A5Bh , =2,! S2 47c -
gA& ] S2S3RBh , gA& S1 47d H i ] S2S3RBh , H# S1 48a "6+ ]
S1S2RABh , "6 S3 48b ' ] S2S3RA , ' S1 , Bh (conj.) • ]
S2S3RABh , S1 • 2M ] RABh , 2M S1S2S3 48c 2U ] S2RA5A7Bh , 2V S3
325
337
(338)
+2"5
326 #dv"c 9
a> hg pr ( ( ।

u( ^B{ #॥ 49॥
6 .
*d%Btt।
akt 6d% ( ( ।
dy V ( 9 #॥ 50॥
pr ( ।
pr9h ( - i *
T#॥ 51॥
R я 0, , ।
a > ; ( #।
c [ LMnn %O ॥ 52॥
ig c . pr [ (
9 ,> ।
(9 69- i %g ॥ 53॥
50d " ] +tt+" R 50e dy+# ] ! +g R (unmetrical)

51cd ". i ] g# R 52a | я 9 ] |j # R 53a iVc ] iV+
R • prN+ ] ,! prN+ R 53b "65
# ] "6 5
R 53d i'A&V ] i'A&U.
R
49b "' ] "tn& A 49c ] "6 A 50b tt ] ! " A 50cd A"#-

] A ,{, A7} "{ # A5 , " A7(unmetrical)} A 50e +dy+# ]
{a A7}+ ! + A± • ] A3A7 , 6 A5 51a #pr ] #pr A 51b
] A3A5 , A7 51cd ". i ] g# A3A7 , g2! A5 (unmetrical) 52ab
я 9 , ] pr#M c A± 52c a ] A3A5 , ,! A7 • ] A
53a iVc 2prN+ ] i,! 2cN+M{ NM A7} A (unmetrical) 53b "6 5
# ]
"6 5 A 53cd ] om. A
49a 8–b 5(b 6–b 7) S1 51a 8–b 1(b 2–b 6) S1 52f 8→ S1 53←a 1(a 2–a 4, b 4–b 5)b 6–b 8(c 1–
c 4)c 5–d 8→ S1
pc ac
49b " ] S2 RABh , " S2 S3 , ( )" S1 49c ] S2S3RBh , S1 49d
2U ] S1S2RABh , 2V S3 50a 2 , ] S1S2RABh , 2 S3 (unmetrical) 50b AG-
tt ] S2S3RBh , AG S1 50d " ] S1Bh , " S2S3 50e ]
S1S2RA3A7Bh , S3 51a #pr ] RBh (em.?) , #pr S2S3 , # –˘ S1 51b ]
S2pc RA3A5Bh , S1S2ac S3 51cd ". i ] S1 , g# S2S3Bh 52b , ] S2RBh ,

, S1 , nn S3 52c a ] S1S2pc RBh (a # i.m. by sec. hand in S2) , a
S2ac S3 pc
• ] S1S2 RBh , S3 , S2
ac
52d #" ,! ] S1S2RABh , #" ! S3
52e # c ] S1S2RABh , # S3 (unmetrical) 53c #" ¦ 5 ] S3RBh (em.?) ,
pc ac
(#" ¦ 5 ) S1 (upper parts lost) , #" ¦ +,+c S2 • ,5. ] S2 RBh , ,5 S2 S3 53d
] S2RBh , S3
326
338
(339)
+2"5
327 #dv"c 9
0 ,O. r6*O6।
,j
, ( y ।
% c pc g#॥ 54॥
% nn (
kt > dd

।
(sn
cc C h p0 O ॥ 55॥
i я ( ।
h pr
; ॥ 56॥
( | ।
a C (nn r ॥ 57॥
( dvy , c।
,dy ( , rB+ #॥ 58॥
54a =2 ] 2 R 54c 2 j, , ] 2tt? я,

, R 54d After this R adds 2 pādas
reading b&, A#=# "6
5 # • ), ] ), R 54f V ! ] #b R
55a kt ] kt R 55c sn cc 2? ] sn
'M2cc R 55d )#=# ] )#-
=# R 56ab ' 2"6 ] ' e2 "6 R 56d ,+ ] ,N+ R 57ab ]
g#=# #dy + " , R 57c a? # ] aD#A R 58d rG ]
r R
54a =2 ] 2 A 54b r# +# ] A3 , +# r# A5A7 54c 2 j,

, ]
2tt? я{, A5}, , A 54d #b ] A3 , A5 (unmetrical) , #b A7 54ef ] om. A
55a Ann", ] A,"{ A5}, A 55b +M#'! ] A3A5 , +M#' A7 55c
pc
sn
cc 2? ] sn{ A7 }d2M? A 55d )#=# ] 2! #=# { # A3A5}
A 56ab ' 2"6 9# ] ' 2 "6 i A 56c spr+ ] 2! pr+ A
57ab ] om. A 57c a? # ] aD#A A 58a dvy+# ] dvy{ dy A5}"H-
# A3A5 , e +# A7 (unmetrical) 58b 2c, ] A3 , 2c, A5A7 58c " #, ]
A3A5 , " #nn A7 58d rG ] A3A5 , r A7 • # ,! ] # { # A5A7}
A
54←a 1–a 4(a 5–b 2) S1 55a 8–b 2 S1 58c 2–c 3 S1
54c 2 j, , '2 ] S2S3Bh , vvj,#vv# S1 54d #" ] S2S3RABh , " S1 •
pc
#b ] S2 RA3Bh , #b S1S2 S3
ac
54ef ] repeated in S1. 54e Ac ] S1S1∗S2RBh ,
∗ pc ac
Ac S3 • #,
] S1S1 S2 S3RBh , #, S2 54ef ),#c ] S2pc Bh , #), # S2ac ,
∗
), # S3 , b # S1S1 54f '+# ] S2Bh , '+ S1 , = S1∗ , +-
∗ pc ac
+# S3 • V ! ] S1 S2S3Bh , =2 ! S1 , V2 ! S1 (unmetrical) 55a Ann ]
S2S3RBh , A, S1 55b +M#'! ] S2RA3A5Bh , +M#' S3 , –˘ –˘ c S1 55c
sn
cc ] S2Bh , sn S3 , sn S1 • 2? ] conj. , 2c S1 , 2cc S2Bh , 2-
S3 55d , g ] S2S3RABh , nn g S1 • )#=# ] S1 , )#=# S2S3 ,
)#=# Bh (typo) 56a i ] S2pc RABh , i S1 , i! S2ac S3 56b ' ] RABh ,
' S1S2S3 56c spr+ ] S2S3RBh , spr; S1 56d , ] S2S3RABh ,
, S1 57a #,' ] S2S3Bh , #,' S1 57c a? # ] S1Bh , a# S2 ,
pc ac
aI# S3 • "nn ] S1S2 S3RABh , g"nn S2 57d # ] S1S2pc RABh , # S2ac S3
pc pc ac
58a ! ] S1RA3A5Bh , ! S2 , S3 • +# ] S1 S2 S3RBh , =# S1 , +#"
ac pc
S2 58b , ] RABh , , S1S3 , nn S2 • 2c, ] S2 RA3Bh , 2c,
S1S2ac S3 58c " ! ] S2RA3A5Bh , " S1S3 58d rG## ] S2S3A3A5Bh , rG-
&# S1
327
339
(340)
+2"5
328 #dv"c 9
s dv 6 %#।

a% ( dy ( ॥ 59॥
ekt- (- (
9 ।
r(B9
,$9- > B,B।
a~ T .gy E , sn pr ॥ 60॥
%B ? ।
rB+ dv0 ( (9 0, ।
,5 pr tn

॥ 61॥
e
grB+ ( 0, ।
( c pn $ #।
; g > hy O 6#॥ 62॥
O , dtt ।
LM 0O r
; 6
; ,9 #॥ 63॥
59a ,p ] ,p R • dv ]

' R 59b # 2 ] #tt
2 R 60c
r"G5
-5. ] ar -5 R 60d #G ] #G R 60e a_ ] ap R
• L ] g& R 61b # ] #+M R 62a rG ] rG R 62d cpn-
] cpn' R (unmetrical) 62e , , &V ] , A&V R 62f M hy ] M R
63c &= r# ] &+ r# g2! R 63d +# 25! ] +# g#" 2g5 R
• After this R adds 2 pādas reading M 2Q M #,' , , bpn ! ।
59a , ,p dv ] ,p

' A 59b # ] A3A7 , om. A5 (unmetrical) •
2 ] 2 A3A7 , 2 A5 59c #" ] #" A3A5 , # A7 59cd #dy ] # & A3 ,
# ! A5 , # ! & A7 59d # ] # A • " ] A5 , " A3A7 60c r ]
ar A • #+M' ] &,. A 60d #G ] #G{ g A7} A 60e–63d ] om.
A , instead of this A has 2 pādas reading M 2Q #,' , ,. bpt,!।
61a 3–a 4 S1 63d 4–d 6 S1, b 8 S3

59b 2 ] S2S3Bh , 2M S1 • A! ] S1RABh , A! S2 , A S3 59d # ] S2S3R
Bh , # S1 (unmetrical) 60c r ] S1S2S3 , ar Bh 60d G # ] S2S3Bh , Gtt
#" S1 • G ] S2RA3A5Bh , G S1S3 60e a_ ] conj. Bh , aND S1 ,
ac
a{a S2 }_ N S2S3 • #gy ] S2S3RBh , # S1 • L ] S2S3 , gL S1 ,
L Bh (conj.) 60f ] S1R , S2S3 , . Bh (em.?) • ] S2S3RBh ,
S1 61 AGQ ] S2pc RBh , u" S1 , AG S2ac S3 61a "6 ] S1pc S2S3RBh , #""6
S1 61b # ] S1S2pc , # S2ac S3 , # Bh (conj.) 61c 2 C ] S1S2pc S3RBh ,
ac
2ttC S2 • prtn
, ] S1S2RBh , pr,
, S3 62a g ] S1RBh , S2S3 • rG ]
S2S3Bh , rG S1 62b "6 ] S2S3R , "6 S1 , "6 Bh (conj.?) •
] S2S3RBh , S1 62d 2cpn ] S2Bh , 2cpn S3 , 2 pn S1 •
9-,! ] S1S2RBh , 9- ! S3 62e , , ] S2S3Bh , , S1 • &V ] S1S2Bh , &V S3
62f #=2 ] S1S2RBh , #=2 S3 • 2 ] S1R , # ! S2S3Bh 63a #=2 ] S1S2R
Bh , #=2 S3 (unmetrical) 63ab 2 ! ] S2S3RBh , 2 S1 • ' ] RBh
(em.?) , ' S1 , ' ! S2 , ' –˘ S3 63c IJ&= ] S1S2Bh , IJ&= S3
63d 25! ] conj. Bh (silently) , 25 S2S3 , ˘ – g5 S1
328
340
(341)
+2"5
329 #dv"c 9
।
>
( ( * T #।
> ? > % d॥ 64॥
u
9 y 0 ।
> *% kl
;.,/0 ,>,d ॥ 65॥
( ( T9 pr 9 ktv я #।

dvll/0 kt ॥ 66॥
> g- ( я- я -।
a % ( > h ktv ॥ 67॥
u ।
R j a ~T c; B0,।
pr$9( 6 я 6 #॥ 68॥
64 ] u R 64d Ad ] Ad R 65b ] ,

R 65c
:#A kl
] :#A R 66a #"6 ] #" R 66b +'ktv# ] +'ktv+( )+ R
66d + + ] + + R • ] R 67a V. ] V R 67c aA#"
+ ] a +A#= R 67d gktv ] g2! R 68d 2 ',! ] 2-
',! R
64a M ] aM A 64b ## ',! ] ## M,! A 64d + A d ] A.d
A5 , 2Q5',! A3A7 65a u 5 ] Q5 A • b ] b! A3 , b A5 , b
A7 65b ] , A3 , , A5 , ', A7 65d ] A3 , A5A7
66a " ] , " A3A5 , tt" A7 66b +'ktv ] A3A5 , +'kt A7 66c

dll ] A3 , |ll A5 , d A7 66cd + + ] + +dy
A3A5 , + ! A7 67b я&. ] A3 , я& A5 , я& A7 67c aA#" +-
] a , #=! A3A7 , a +nn#=! A5 67d gktv ] g2! A3A7 ,
g2 A5 (unmetrical) 68d 2 ',! ] 2 M,! A
65(d 2) S2pc , c 7–c 8(d 1–d 2) S3 66d 5–d 8 S1
64 ] A , u S1 , u S2S3 , Bh (conj.?) 64d Ad ] conj. Bh ,

A d S1 , kt,! S2S3 65a b ] S1pc S2S3RBh , b,! S1ac (unmetrical) 65b +' ]
S2RABh , + S1 , '! S3 65d ] S1S2pc RA3Bh , ll S2ac , () S3 •
#d ] S2S3RABh , #d ! S1 66a #"6 ] S1ABh , #" S2S3 66b pr5+'ktv# ]
S2A3A5Bh , pr5+'я S1 , 'ktv# S3 (unmetrical) • +'я,! ] S1S3RABh , +'-
ac pc pc ac
я! S2 , +'я! S2 66c d ] S2 RA3Bh , A S1 , Ad S2
(unmetrical) , d S3 66cd ll+ ] S1RA3A5Bh , + S2 , -
+ S3 66d kt ] S1RABh , kt S2S3 67a V. ] S1S2ABh , V S3 67b я&. ]
S1S2RA3Bh , я& S3 67c + ] S1Bh , + S2 , + S3 67d gktv ] S2pc Bh ,
ac
gktv S1 , gktv S2 , gkk S3 • ] S2S3RABh , S1 68 ,'2
u ] S1S3RABh , om. S2 68b a_ c ] S1RABh , a_ c S2S3 • G#, ] S2S3RA
Bh , Gdv#, S1ac , Gd!,#, S1pc 68d ] S1S2S3 , Bh
329
341
(342)
+2"5
330 #dv"c 9
я R 6gc pr।

p яR , 6g ,?9 pr॥ 69॥
dy g

- \. 6।
% 0 pr [
;,(॥ 70॥
a> (
( g #।
^B{ R 6dy 0 ,।
a(< (dm#॥ 71॥
j r #।
? sr(B9 ,$ .( y #॥ 72॥
^B{ 6v y %pl #।
я i (-. | g
* T#॥ 73॥
69a я ] я ! R 69b c, ] c R 69cd 'V +# ]

'Vc# R 70b S ] 2& R 70d 6" ] g6" R 71b
#V #,! ] 2, R 71ef ] a"H ! &, #,+ # #,&! R 72c
Q & sr ] Q & r R 73c я ] я' R 73d ,V ] V R
69b #Vc, ] ##Vc, A3A5 , #+ Vc, A7 69c w)я|# ] w)|# A3 ,

w)я|?# A5 , w)j|# A7 69c 'V ] A7 , 'V A3A5 69d +# ] :-
#A A 70d " ] " A 71b #V #,! ] 2, A 71c 9|' ]
A3A7 , |' A5 71d #dy ] A3 , #dy A5 , #dy A7 71e a"H,! ] A5A7 , a-
H,! A3 71ef , # "#dm,&! ] , #,+ # "#-5& A± 72ab j&,#
#r! ] { A7(unmetrical)} j { j A5}&,#r A 72c Q & ] Q & A3A7 ,
Q# A5 • sr ] r A 72d #" & ] A3 , #"# A5 , #" & A7 73b -
#Apl ! ] #Apl A3 , ## pl A5 , ## pn A7
69(d 5–d 6)d 7–d 8 S1 70(c 3, c 7–c 8, d 4–d 5) S1 71(a 3–a 4, b 3–b 5, b 8–d 8)e 1–e 2(e 3, e 6–e 7) S1
72d 3–d 4(d 5, d 8) S1, (a 1) S2 73(c 1–c 2)c 3 S2pc
69c w)я| ] S2RBh , w)я+ S1 , w)я| S3 69d +# ] S1S2pc S3Bh ,

ac
a+# S2 (unmetrical) 70b S ] S2S3ABh , S S1 70d 6 ] S2A ,
pc ac

(6 ) S1 , 6 S3 , 6 Bh (conj.) • " ] S1S2 Bh , "+ S2 , "-
S3 (unmetrical) 71b #V #,! ] conj. , (V )
#,! S1 (lower parts of V
lost) , 2, S2S3 , #V &#,! Bh (em.) 71c 2U2G ] S1S2RABh , 2V2G
pc ac
S3 • 9|
' ] S1S2 S3RA3A7Bh , | S2 71d 2 #dy ] S1RA3Bh , 2 #dy S2S3 71e
a"H ] S2S3RA5A7Bh , –˘ –˘ (H) S1 (tops lost) 71ef , # ] S1 , , #-
# S2S3Bh 72a ] S2S3RABh , ( S1 72b j ] S1pc S2S3RBh , j
S1ac • #r! ] S2S3RBh , #r S1 72c Q & sr ] em. , Q & sr S1 , Q & sr
S2 , Q & sr S3 , Q &r Bh (conj.) • "G5-& ] S2S3RABh , "Gi-& S1 72d #-
" & ] S2RA3Bh , #" & S3 , # –˘ –˘ S1 73a 2U2G ] S1S2RABh , 2V2G S3 73c
ac pc
я ] S1S3ABh , я S2 , (я) –˘ S2 (a few more illegible aks.aras possibly i.m.) •
pc ac
". & ] RABh , ". & S1S2S3 73d ,V ] S2 S3ABh , ,V S1 , ,#V S2 • 9:&#! ]
S1pc S2S3RABh , :&# S1ac
330
342
(343)
+2"5
331 #dv"c 9
^B{ u ।
r pr 6 ; | ।
a 0 e+ 0, ॥ 74॥

+9 #।
, ( , , ? ( 0॥ 75॥
a
; 6g
;
я ।
(< 66 #॥ 76॥

, 0 g ( g ।
> (

, a
; 6sn॥ 77॥
(?+
;j, C j ।
r 5 r ,( c ( ॥ 78॥
a pr+,9 hO 9 ।
( . t |#॥ 79॥
74a r ] r + R 74b 2 ] 2 R 75c ", ! ] ", ! R 75d

Q+' ] &+' R 76a ,' ] ,', R 76c "H ] Rac , "H
R
pc
•
2' ' ] 2'' R 76d 6& ] 6& R 77d a' ] a'! R 78cd
"+ ] vv? u" R 79b h=5 ] 2=5 R 79d 6& ] 6& R
74b a'+ ] A3A5 , rc+ A7 74d ] A3A5 , g A7 75a w&5 ] A3A7 , w-
#5 A5 75c ', ] A7 , ', A3A5 75d Q+' " , ] &{ # A5}+ " ,
A 76a ,' ] ,{ , A7} A A 76c ' ] A3 , A5 , A7 76d 6&-
] A3A7 , 6& A5 • ! ] A3A5 , G A7 (unmetrical) 77b g "g ] A3A5 ,
g "g A7 77c ] A 77d 2'sn ] A 78a–79d ] om. A
74b 8S1 78(d 4) S1
74 2U2G ] S1S2RABh , 2V2G S3 74a r ] S1pc S2S3ABh , r S1ac 74b 2 2-

#o ] S2S3A , 2 c 2#o –˘ S1 , 2 #2! Bh (conj.) 74c a'+ ] S1S2pc S3R
A3A5Bh , a'+ S2ac 74d ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , g S1 75a w&5 ] S2S3RA3A7Bh ,
#&5! S1 75c #2 ", ! ] ABh , #2 g S1 , #2g", S2 , #2 ", S3 (unmetrical)
75d Q+' ] S2 , +' S1 , Q +' S3pc , Q +'' S3ac , + Bh (em.?)
pc
• , ] S2S3R , ,! S1Bh 76ab ,' V + , ] S2 S3Bh , ,' Vc ,
S2ac , , V + , , S1 76c ] S1S3RABh , S2 • 2' ] S2ABh , 2' S1S3
• ' ] S1S2RA3Bh , ' S3 76d 6& ] S1S2pc S3A3A7Bh , 6& S2ac • ! ]
S1S2pc S3RA3A5Bh , S2ac 77a ] S2S3RABh , S1 •
pc
] S1S2 S3RABh ,
S2ac • & ] S2S3RABh , & S1 77b g "g ] S2RA3A5Bh , g "g S1 ,
g "g S3 77c " ] S2RABh , " S1S3 • ] S2S3RBh , S1 77d a' ]
S2S3ABh , a' S1 78a #'2# ! ] S2S3RBh , #'2# S1 • Qj ] S2RBh , Q
j
S1S3 78b j ] S2S3R , j, S1Bh 78cd ] S2S3RBh , ? S1 78d
c#" ] S2S3RBh , c S1 (tops lost) 79a a, , # ] S1R , a, ,#" S2S3Bh • pr2
5 ]
S1RBh , pr 5 S2S3 79d o ! ] S2S3RBh , o S1
331
343
(344)
+2"5
332 #dv"c 9
u ।
r dv ; ।
%B 9 y ? ॥ 80॥
।
( ;d y 6 i ।
,+ pr 9
dv ,0,9 #॥ 81॥
( 66 c ( ।
L % d dy
॥ 82॥
a (
6 ।

6 $9॥ 83॥
> , % я ( ; * 0 ।
+ ^ ( , ^॥ 84॥
( , C ( ।
C y ( ॥ 85॥
80c AG+ 5 ] AG

5 R 80d Q & ] Q & R 81 ] я R
81a , #d ] #d R 81b i# ] r# R 81d #5! ] #5! R 83c
, ] , R 84a ,M , A +я, ] ,', bgA R 84c # ]
# + R 85a "# # ] "# 6 R 85d ] R
80a + dv ] + dv A 80b ¨ ] { A7}M ¨ A 80c AG+ 5 ] A3A5 , AG-
+5 A7 80d Q & ] Q & A 81a "6 ] A3A5 , "6 A7 81b i# ] r{rG
A5}# A 81c , ] A3A7 , ,
A5 81d #5! ] A3A5 , #g2 A7
82c + ] + A 82d #2##d ] #2#nn A 83c , ] ' M A 84ab ]
, dy{ dy A5A7}#b A +я, "6: A± • After this A3 and A5 add 2 pādas
reading ,#b,! A ,! +я, "6, {65 A3}, :। 84c # ] #я +
A 85a "# # ? ] "# 6 # { ,! A7} A 85b '"# #, ] ! "#
A3A5 , ! "# A7 85d ] A3A5 , A7
85(d 2–d 3) S3
80a r' + ] S1RABh , r'+ + S2S3 • + dv ] S2S3R , vv S1 , + + dv Bh
(typo, unmetrical) 80c AG+ 5 b , ] S2S3A3A5Bh , AG+ 5 btt S1 80d Q &
pc ac
] S1 , Q & S2 S3Bh , Q &() S2 81 ] A , u S1 , S2S3 ,
Bh 81a "6 ] S1S3pc RA3A5Bh , "6 S2S3
ac
• b ] S2S3RABh , b! S1 81b
pc
i# ] S2Bh , i' S1 , i# S3 (unmetrical) • ] S1S2 Bh , g
S2ac S3 81cd , #dv ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , ,
ac
{ S1 }#dv S1 81d ' ] S1S2RA
Bh , ' S3 83c ] S2RABh , S1 , S3 (unmetrical) 84a ,M ] S1S2Bh ,
,M S3 • A + ] S2S3Bh , A '+ S1 (unmetrical) 84b , "6 ] S1S3Bh , ,"6 S2
pc pc ac ac
• : ] S1 S2 RABh , : S2 , : S1 S3 84c # ] S2S3Bh , # +
S1 85a ? ] S2RBh , ? S3 (unmetrical) , , 'vv,! S1 85b #2#'"# ] S1R
Bh , #2'"# ! S2 (unmetrical) , #2#'pr# ! S3 85c ? ] S1S2RABh , S3 (unmetrical)
• b ] RABh , b S1 , b+ S2S3 85d "# ] S1S2RABh , "# S3
(unmetrical) • ] S3A3A5Bh , S1S2
332
344
(345)
+2"5
333 #dv"c 9
i
(,y t
dy
;।
% hg y r O9 ॥ 86॥
* ^B{ i O ।
6dy O sn+ % #॥ 87॥
< ( . 9 %6#।
O ^B{
T #॥ 88॥
!} ( (tn 6 T#।
ap ; O (tntn } ॥ 89॥
( ( ( T9 +।
% 0 *B (॥ 90॥
e > (> ।
pr ( ; %Bdd ॥ 91॥
86b dy ] ' R 86c hV ] 2V R 86d b ] 2 R 87c + + + ] + -
+ R 87d sn ] pl R 88a "+ + ] "H ! 2+ R 88b 5 & ]
+ , & R 88d ! ] & R 89a "6 ] "6 R 89c a#), ] a#), –˘ R 90d
:G#" ] 2'#" 91ab ] eg, M+ + "6 #" + M R 91d ] R
86b t ] A3A7 , "' A5 86c ,# hV ] A3 , ,# hV A5 , , 2=5
A7 86d b ] 2 A 87a ] A5 , A3 , A7 87b i=# ] A5A7 ,
i=# A3 87c–90d ] om. A 91ab ] e , M+ + "6{ 6 A5} #" + M A (A3A7
unmetrical) 91c #pr"6+ ] A7 , #prc + A3A5 91d dd# ] A3A5 , ! e #
A7 (unmetrical) • ] A5A3 , A7
pc ac
86a i ] S1RABh , c S2 , c S2 S3 • ",! ] S1S2RABh , ", S3 (unmetrical)
ac pc
86ab b t , ] RA3A7Bh , b', , S1 , b ' ,
, S2 , b ', , S2 S3 86d
b ] S1S2S3 , Bh (conj.) 87a : ] S1RABh , :+ S2 , : S3 • ]
S2S3RA5Bh , S1 87b 2U2G ] S1S2RABh , 2V2G S3 • i=# ] S1S2S3RA5A7 ,
i=# Bh 87d sn ] S1S2Bh , sn S3pc , sn S3ac 88a + + ] S1S3Bh , + -
+ + S2 (unmetrical) 88b ] S2S3RBh , A S1pc , A S1ac • 5 & A! ]
S2S3Bh , 5 &# S1 88d 2U2G + ] S1RBh , 2U2G+ S2 (unmetrical) , 2V2G + S3 •
! ] S1S3Bh , ,! S2 89a 2 ] R , 2 S1 , S2S3Bh • "6 ] S2S3Bh , '"ttR
S1 89b "tn&2 ] S1S2RBh , ",&2 S3 89c a#), ] S1 , a#),),&c S2 , a),&c
S3 , a),&c Bh 89d "tn&tn ] S1S2S3R , "tn& Bh (conj.) • ] S1S3R , M++ S2 ,
Bh (em., Bh reads in S2.) 90a "' ] S1S2S3R , "' Bh (em.) 90b " ] S1S2S3R ,
pc ac
"#5 Bh (conj.?) • # ] S1S2 RBh , # S2 S3 91ab M + + ] S1S2Bh ,
M + + S3 91c "6+ ,AG ] S2S3RA7Bh , "6 , AG S1 91d dd# ]
pc ac
S2RA3A5Bh , dd dd# S1 , # S3 (unmetrical) , # S3 (unmetrical) • ]
S1S2pc A3A5Bh , S2ac S3
333
345
(346)
+2"5
334 #dv"c 9
kt (BC LM

; nn0-।
я- > (< nn ; %tt> ॥ 92॥
k dy h nn ,
।
(< (

(॥ 93॥
u ।
dvdv ( ।
.[ *y , (( 09.॥ 94॥
^B{ y C ( я #।
j p p .. ( y॥ 95॥
*, d
0,j ; ।
kv dy % , pr% +॥ 96॥
,g LM 0O hg#।
dy 0 %% + ॥ 97॥
92a kt ] kt R 92d + nn ] + 6 R • ttM ] tt R 93a 9dy ] ' R

93d , & ", ] , & & R 94b ] R 95c #j#),, ) ]
#j # R 96cd ] kv #'dy ' AD prA R 97a #,#V ]
#V R 97b &=# ] &+# R 97c dy 9&' ] | &' R
92a 'kt ] A7 , 'kt A3A5 • "G? ] "6 A 92b + ] A7 , nn + A3A5 92c

я&. ] #. A • M ' ] M A3A5 , M A7 92d + nn AttM ] + 6 ,{
A7}Att A± 93a 9dy ] "6 A 93c ' ] A3A7 , ' A5 93d , & ] ,
A3 , , A5A7 94 speaker indication–b ] om. A 94d–95a ] om. A 95b "# ]
"# A • я&# ! ] A7 , я&# A3A5 95c #j ] A3 , #j A5 , #j A7
• ) ] ) A3A5 , ) A7 95d #b ] A3A7 , #b A5 96a ] A7 ,
A3 , , A5 96b j+ ] + A3A5 , + A7 97 ] om.
A
92(b 7) S1 (c 1, c 4)c 5(c 6–c 8) S2 95(a 8–b 6, c 2–c 5) S2
92a kt "G? ] em. , kt "Gvvc S1 , kt+c S2 , kt c S3 , kt"Gc Bh (em.?)
92b + ] S1S2RA7Bh , nn + S3 92c я&. ] S1S2RBh , я& S3 92d + nn -
] S3 , + , S1 , + nn S2 , + cc , Bh (conj.?) 93a ] S1S2RABh ,
S3 (unmetrical) 93b nn ] S2S3RA , , # S1Bh 93c ' ] RA3A7Bh , ' S1S2 , '
ac
S3 • "6 ] S2S3RABh , "6 M S1 93d #, , ] S1S3ABh , # , , S2 , # ,
pc
S2 94a ] S1S2RBh , S3 94c b ] S2S3RABh , btt S1 (unmetrical)
94d 5& ] S1S2RBh , ,& S3 95a 2U2G ] S1S2RBh , 2V2G S3 95b я&# ! ]
S1RA7Bh , ( я&)#, S2 (tops lost) , я&#, S3 95c ) ] S2Bh , ) S1S3 95d #-
pc ac
" ] S2S3RABh , #" S1 • #b ] S2 S3RA3A7Bh , #b S1S2 96b # ]
S1S2ac RABh , S2pc S3 • After this Bh conjectures loss of two pādas. 96d A ] S1ac
pc
S2S3RABh , AD S1 • prA ] S1S2ABh , prA S3 97a #,#V ] S1Bh ,
#ddV S2 , #V S3 (unmetrical) 97b hV ! ] RBh (em.?) , hV S1 , hV,! S2S3
97c 9&' ] S1S2S3 , &' Bh (conj.)
334
346
(347)
+2"5
335 #dv"c 9

( ./0 ( 9 0 ।
(

;
dv ?! %% +
॥ 98॥
(6 % , ~।
h* 6
; %॥ 99॥
; O(
9 ।
a я (6n #॥ 100॥
e .(5 +%*,%> ।
> ( v a | #॥ 101॥
i prj | + ( ।
O ,%B ((6< 6 j.॥ 102॥
adypr%6 LM # O >।
> O ,#॥ 103॥
+ + e( ,* #।
^. g (.%B %O ॥ 104॥
?! !g cc cc ( > ।
% C pr(< dv! ॥ 105॥
98a ,, ] , R 99a "2 ] , 2 R 99c g:' ] ' R 99d

, ] ,
R 100b ', ] R 100c # ] ! R 100d ] R
101b #A+ M ] #A+ R 101cd v+ a2 ] v+ ,2 R 102a ] R
103c &+M ] &+ R 103d #=# ] ,H# # R 104b " ] " d
R 104c V "& ] V"& R
98a ,, ] a: A3 , g: A5A7 98b "5 ] "5 A 99a "2 ] , 2
A 99b ] A3A7 , A5 (unmetrical) • 9,_ ] , A 99c–108d ] om. A ,
instead of this A3 and A5 add 2 pādas reading e #+nn
6 Q( | ! ।
99c 6–c 7(c 8) S3

98a ] S2pc RABh , S1S2ac S3 98c 9 ] S1S2RABh , S3 98d Q( ! ] S2S3RA
Bh , Q( S1 99b A+ ] S2S3RA3A7Bh , A+ S1 99c g: ] S1S3Bh ,
ac pc
: S2 , S2 ? • ' ] S1S2S3 , ' Bh (conj.) 99d #A,# ] S2S3
RBh , #Ann S1 (unmetrical) 100b ="6 5 ] S1RBh , "65 S2S3 101cd +M#" ]
S2S3RBh , +M#" S1 • v+ a2 ] conj. , v+ ,2 S2S3 , v+ nn2 S1 , v+
,2 Bh (typo) 102a i ] S1S2RBh , i S3 • ] S1 , S2S3Bh 102b ]
S1S2pc RBh , dy S2ac S3 •
pc
" ] S2 RBh ,
ac
" S1S2 S3 102c =2 ] S2S3RBh ,
"=2vv S1 102cd AG , ] S1S2RBh , AG , S3 102d +"H ] S1S2pc S3RBh ,
ac
+H S2 • 2 j# ] S1RBh , 2 j#! S2 , 2 я# S3 103b 2M, ] S1S2pc RBh ,
ac
2Mc, S2 , 2M!, S3 103d #=# ] S2S3Bh , 2#=# S1 • 2## ! ] S1RBh ,
2# ! S2S3 104a #, # ] S2S3RBh , #, '
# S1 104b e2" ] S1
S3Bh , e2 S2ac (unmetrical) , e2 +"+ S2pc • :,! ] S2S3RBh , :, S1
104c 2U V ] S2 , 2U V S1 , 2V V S3 , 2U U Bh (typo) 105a (V#+ ]
S1R , (# S3Bh (conj.?) , # S2 105c A? ] S1RBh , Ac S2S3 105d
pc ac
] S1 S2S3RBh , S1
335
347
(348)
+2"5
336 #dv"c 9
u ।
+% ; 6< ( ।
v ; ^॥ 106॥
> ; (6%kty ( ।
g g 5 ॥ 107॥

u ।
^B{ pr LM 5 $ ~।
(< r/06< (॥ 108॥
*
T
B ( ( h ।
pr c %0 #॥ 109॥
u ।
6v
dy % #।
(( ( h,g i #॥ 110॥
^B{ u ।
% 6 ( я-।
я
%-
eLM h #॥ 111॥
106a #A+ + ] #A+ ++ + R 106b " ] A R 106d + 6 ] + M R

107a #+M ]
#+M R 108 ]

R 108c #r ] #r R 109b
+ ] tt
R • # ] # R 109d #,#c' ] #,#c' R 111c я&
]
я&# R
109b h# ] A5A7 , h A3 (unmetrical) • # ] 2 ! A 109cd

#,#c-
' ]
a# 5 A3A5 , a#
5 A7 110c " ! ] A3A7 , " A5 110d
+! ] A7 , ' A3 , + A5 111c я& ] я&# A 111d g ! ] # # !
A
106(a 4–a 6) S3 107(a 2) S1
106a ] S1S2RBh , S3 (unmetrical) • w##A ] S2RBh , ##A S1 , (##-
pc ac
#A ) S3 106b " ] S2 Bh , " S1S2 S3 106c
v ] S1S2RBh , v S3 106cd
+ ] S2S3RBh , dy' S1 106d # U ] S2S3RBh , # U S1pc , -
ac pc pc
#U# S1 107a + ] S1S2RBh , + S3 (unmetrical) • #+M + ] S1 S2 , -
ac
#+M + S1 ,
#+M + S2 ,
#+M + S3 , #+M + Bh (conj., Bh reads
hy in S1 and
in S2.) 107b Akty #" ] S2ac S3R , A#kt #" S2pc , Akt #" S1 ,
Akty M#" Bh (typo?) 107d 2 ] S1S2pc RBh , k! S2ac , 2! S3 108 ]
S1 , S2Bh , S3 108a 2U2G ] S2RBh , 2U2G S1 , 2V2G S3 108c "H
pc ac
] S1S2 S3RBh , "H S2 • ' ] S1S2RBh , ' S3 109b h# ] S1S2pc S3RA5A7Bh ,
ac
h# S2 • # ] S1S2Bh , # S3 109c
] RA3A5Bh , S1S3 ,
pc
S2 109d #,#c' ] S1S2S3 , #,#c' Bh (em.?) • ! ] S2 RA , S2ac S3 , ! S1
Bh 110a v ] S1S2RABh , V S3 110c "" ] S1pc S2S3RABh , "" S1ac • " ! ]
S2pc RA3A7Bh , " S1S2ac S3
336
348
(349)
+2"5
337 #dv"c 9

u ।
- 6- ~ pr(nn- 6 ,-।
- ky- (я,- , dv69O ॥ 112॥
^B{ u ।

>( ।
(V > , h%dv0 ॥ 113॥

u ।

6 LMky я ।
я p0 ;nn dy
।
,
;
9 > ॥ 114॥
6 ( R % 6।
t LM я- %O ॥ 115॥
112
]

R 112d ! ] R 113a ] 5
R 113c #"M ] #"6M
R 113cd gA+ ] gA R 114 u ] om. R 114e , #+ ] nn+ &#
R 115d я&. ] я& R
112 u ] om. A 112a . ] A3A7 , A5 112b pr"nn. ] pr . A3A7 , #pr .
A5 112cd ",я&. 2 dv5&= ] pr5
. =2 25 A± 113 speaker indication–
b ] om. A 113c #"M ] #"6M A 113cd gA+ #dv'+ ] A #,'+{ ' A5}
A3A5 , gA ' A7 (unmetrical) • ,+ ] A7 , ,+ A3A5 114 ]
A
114a ] A3A5 , c A7 114b IJky ] , ky A 114e #+ ]
#+ A7 , #), A3A5 115b sJ& ] 2! &# A 115c t ]

' A 115d я&. A#= ] я& A#=# A
112(a 1)a 2(a 3) S1 113(b 7–b 8)c 1–c 6S1 114(d 2–d 3) S1
112 ] S1 ,

S2Bh ,
S3 112a . . ] S2S3RA3A7 , –˘ –˘ ( ) S1 , A. Bh
(conj.?) 112b pr"nn. ] S2S3RBh , pr"nn S1 112c ",! ] S1S2RBh , ", S3 (unmetrical)
112d ky. ] S1S3RABh , kty. S2ac , kt. S2pc 113a , ] S2S3RBh , , S1 113b
pc ac
2 ] RBh , 2( ! ) S1 , 2 ! S2 S3 , 2 ! S2 113c #"M ] S2pc S3 , #"'M S2ac ,
#"6M Bh (em.?) 113cd gA+ ] S1Bh , gA S2S3 113d #dv'+ ] S2S3RBh ,
pc ac
#N" + S1 • + ] S1 S2S3RABh , ( + ) S1 114 ] S1 ,

S2Bh ,

S3
114a & ] S1RABh , & S2(tops lost)S3 • +#+ ] S2S3RA3A5Bh , +ttR S1
114b IJky ] S1pc S2RBh , IJя&ky S1 , IJky S3 114c я# ] S2S3RABh , -
я# S1 • , ] S1RA , dy S2S3Bh 114d ) ] S1RABh , ) S2S3 114e
, ] S2ABh , , S1S3 • ] S2S3RABh , . S1 114f '25 ] S1S3RA ,
25,! S2 , '25 Bh (conj.) 115a #" ] S1pc S2S3RABh , #() S1ac •
| ] S2S3RABh , | S1 115b sJ& ] S2pc S3RBh , IJ& S1 , sJ&#
S2ac 115d я&. ] S2Bh , я& S1(tops lost)S3 • A#= ] RBh (conj.?) , A#=M S1(tops
lost)S2S3
337
349
(350)
+2"5
338 #dv"c 9
^B{ u ।
R
; ,5 ,5
%
#।
6g>
; 0
T
॥ 116॥
(
9 R pr% ।
dg6 9
॥ 117॥
;

ag g >#।
dyLM

, ॥ 118॥
u ।
% pr +tt#।
pr pr
$ %
॥ 119॥

u ।
($ 6 ( 0,%6 ।
(6%kty h ktg 69 ॥ 120॥
116ab ] aky ,#+ 2ttC pr# j,! R 116cd V ] V u R 117c +-
dg5
] M#" h

R 118a + ] +M. R 118b agg ] agg R
120 ]

R 120c #" Akty, ]
Akty R
116a ,+'2 C ] ,#+ 2 C A 116b 2 C ] A5A7 , om. A3 (unmetrical) 116cd -
V'M, ] 2VdyM, A3A5 , 'M,! c A7 (unmetrical) 116d ] A 117b
#, | # ] #я,| # A3A5 , я&,,# A7 118a + ] A3A5 , +
A7 119b pr+ ] A7 , prhV A3 , prw= A5 119d -+ ] - A3A5 , | A7
120 ]
A 120a "&-
] A5 , "#-
A7 , "&- A3 120b A ] "6
A3 , "6 A5A7 120c Akty, ] A3A5 , Akty A7 120d 9#+ ] A3A7 , # A5
• ] A5A7 , A7
116a 1–a 4S1 119b 1–b 4S1 120(c 7) S1
116 2U2G ] S1S2RABh , 2V S3 116a | ] A , , S2S3 , | Bh (conj.) 116b
pc ac
2 C ] S1S2 S3A5A7Bh , 2ttc S2 (unmetrical) 116d + ] S2S3pc RABh , + S1 ,
ac
r+ S3 117a & 5 ] S2S3RABh , & 5 S1 (unmetrical) 117b # ] S2pc RA3A5Bh ,
ac
# S1S2 S3 117c +dg5 ] S1pc S2S3ABh , + 5 S1ac 118a ] S1S2S3RA ,

Bh (typo) 118b agg ] S2ABh , ag S1 (unmetrical) , agg S3 118c
pc ac pc ac

] S1S2 RABh ,
S2 S3 • 2 ] S1 S2S3RABh , 2D S1 119a ] S1S2R
ABh , S3 (unmetrical) •
] RABh ,
S1 , S2S3 119b tt! ]
S1RA , tt S2pc Bh , tt S2ac S3 119cd ] om. S1 120 ] S1 ,
S2Bh ,

S3 120a 2 ] S1pc S2S3RABh , 2 2 S1ac (unmetrical) 120b A ] S2pc R , A
ac
S1 , A g S2 S3 , Bh (typo) 120c Akty, ] A3A5Bh , Akty, S1 ,
pc ac
A#kt S2 , Akty S2 S3 120d 9#+ 5 ] S1RA3A7Bh , #+J5 S2 , #+IJ5 S3
pc ac
• ] S2 RA3A5Bh , S1S2 S3
338
350
(351)
+2"5
339 #dv"c 9
a$ c 5 c ( aя 6 я,।

e
v ,9 kt pr
9( % #॥ 121॥
^B{ i s , *. ।

6
O ॥ 122॥
i
+ , a r
(।

; %B %O 9v ॥ 123॥
a$ c 5 c; *. ।
e
v ,9 ) %O ॥ 124॥
a ( ( %B % , ।
; %B (>॥ 125॥
v
(, 5 ;?( %#।
pr LM ,%#॥ 126॥
u ।
% a 6 hy Bя,#।
я %B (g Tя#॥ 127॥
121a a-cCc#" ] acrc#" R 121d A,! ] A

! R 123c , ] -
M, R 125c ] M R 125d "#+M ] ,#+M R 126d + ]
) R 127ab a, ] + , R
121a c#" ] A7 , c# A3A5 121d A,! ] A A 122c–124d ] om. A 125b AG-
] ' A3A7 , ' A5 125c ] M A 125d '' ] A3 , ' A5
(unmetrical) , ' A7 • "#+M ] A3A5 , "# U A7 (unmetrical) 126b ,Q-
" ] A5 , , " A3 , 5 " A7 • #A ! ] A3 , #A A5 , #A A7 127a

] A 127b G#я ! ] G#J A 127cd ] om. A
122d 8→ S1 123←a 1–a 2 S1 126a 7–b 2 S1
pc ac
121a cC ] S1S2 S3ABh , c#" S2 121b aя '#я ] S2S3RA , я'-
##я S1Bh 121c kt ] S1S2pc RABh , kt S2ac S3 122a 2U2G ] S1S2RABh , 2-
pc ac
V2G S3 • p ] S1S2 RABh , p S2 S3 122b :# ] S2S3RABh , :#
S1 123c , ] S2S3pc Bh , , S1S3ac 123d 5 ac
v ] S1 S2S3RBh , 5
pc
v S1
124a a-c ] RBh (em.) , a-c S1S2S3 • Cc ] S3RBh (em.) , Cc S1
S2pc , Cc S2ac 124b ] S2S3RBh , S1 • :# ] S1S3RBh , :#
S2 124d ] S1S2RBh , S3 (unmetrical) 125b AG ] S1RBh , AG S2pc , A-
ac
S2 S3 125c , ] S2S3RABh , , S1 125d '' ] S1S3RA3Bh , ''
S2 (unmetrical) 126c 2 ] S2S3RABh , 2 S1 126d #,A! ] S1pc S2RABh ,
ac
(,") S1 , #,A! S3 (unmetrical) 127a ] S2S3RABh , S1 (unmetrical) 127c
] S2S3RBh , S1 • AG ] RBh (em.?) , AG S1S2S3 127d ] S1S2pc S3RBh ,
ac
S2 • я ! ] S2S3RBh , я S1
339
351
(352)
+2"5
340 #dv"c 9
dd
( kt ( y r ।
dd
i C > #॥ 128॥
i
g 69 nn।
r dvя ( , pn #॥ 129॥
0 c pr ।

% dy ?!. LM॥ 130॥
i *( ( ( ?!( я#।
(
9pr 0 6 %#॥ 131॥
i ( 9
dv(c ॥ 52॥
128a dd
& ] dd
R 128b #" ] #
R 128c dd ] R 128d # ]
R 130a &c ] &c R 131c 9# 5pr, ] #dv5pr, R 131d ]
+, + R • A! ] A# R (unmetrical) Col. i# +2"5 b> 22G
, R
128b #" ] # A • #r ] A3A5 , #r A7 128c dd

] A 128d
# ] A 129a
+ ] A3A7 ,
+ A5 (unmetrical) 129c #" ] ,! "",! A3A5 ,
,! ""& A7 129d , # pn ! ] dg# pn ! A3 , dg#ptpn ! A5 , ,
dg# pn ! A7 130a–131d ] om. A Col. i# 2U{2 A3}2G ,॥ 52 A±
128c 6 S3 131d 1–d 4 S1, (a 1–b 3) S2, d 8 S2pc
128a dd & ] S2ABh , & S1S3 128b #r ] S2S3RA3A5 , #+M S1ac Bh , -
pc
#+M S1 128c dd ] Bh (conj.) , S1S2S3 128d 2 ] S2S3RABh , 2 S1
129a i ] S1S2S3RA , i Bh (em.) 129b 5 ] S1pc S2S3RABh , , S1ac 129d
pc
# pn ! ] S2S3RBh , # pn ! S1 130ab ] om. S1 130a &c ] S2 ,
ac

&c S2 S3 , &, Bh (conj.) 130c A ] S1S2RBh , A S3 131b &-
" я,! ] S3RBh , &" я, ! S1 , &+ ˘ + я, S2 (anusvāra and an aks.ara i.m. possibly
lost) 131c " ] S2S3RBh , " S1 (unmetrical) • 9# 5 ] S2S3 , () ˘ + +5
S1 , 5 Bh • pr, ] S3Bh , pr, S1 , pr, S2 (anusvāra possibly lost) 131d
A! ] Bh , gA## S2S3 (i# part of col.) , A# S1 (unmetrical) Col. 140 (in
letter numerals)॥ +2"5 2U2G A)nn॥ S1 , +2"5 #dv"c ॥ S2 ,
॥ +2"5 , 52 (in letter numerals)॥ S3 , i# +2"5 2U2G A) ,
#dv"c 9 Bh
340
352
(353)
Bibliography
&
Indexes
341
353
(354)
342
354
(355)
Abbreviations
AitBr Aitareya-Brāhman.a
AK Amarakośa, see Amarasim . ha
ĀpDhS Āpastambadharmasūtra
AV Atharvaveda
BAU Br.hadāran.yaka-Upanis.ad, see Limaye & Vadekar (eds.)
Bd.P Brahmān.d.apurān.a
BhāgP Bhāgavatapurān.a
BhG Bhagavadgı̄tā
BrP Brahmapurān.a
CII Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum
EI Epigraphia Indica
GES A Grammar of Epic Sanskrit, see Oberlies 2003.
HCC Haracaritacintāman.i, see Jayadratha
HCI The History and Culture of the Indian People, see R.C. Majumdar
HV Harivam . śa, Critical Edition
IAR Indian Archaeology – A Review
IIJ Indo-Iranian Journal
Kane I to V Kane 1930–62
Kaus.U Kaus.ı̄taki-Upanis.ad, see Limaye & Vadekar (eds.)
KeKh Kedārakhan.d.a
KūP Kūrmapurān.a
LiP Liṅgapurān.a
MaS Manusmr.ti
MBh Mahābhārata, Critical Edition
MBhB Mahābhārata, Bombay Edition
MkP Mārkan.d.eyapurān.a
MtP Matsyapurān.a
NCC New Catalogus Catalogorum
NIC Nouvelles inscriptions du Cambodge (I, IIIII) (Pou 1989, 2001)
NiTS Niśvāsatattvasam . hitā
NsP Narasim . hapurān.a
P Pān.ini
PPL Das Purān.a Pañcalaks.an.a, see Kirfel 1927
PS Pāśupatasūtra
Rām. Rāmāyan.a, Critical Edition
R.V R. gveda
ŚBr Śatapatha-Brāhman.a
ŚiP Śivapurān.a
SkP Skandapurān.a, Venkatesvara Press
SP Skandapurān.a, our edition
343
343
355
(356)
344 Bibliography
SP I Skandapurān.a, our edition Vol. I

SP II A Skandapurān.a, our edition Vol. II A
SP III Skandapurān.a, our edition Vol. III
SPBh Skandapurān.a, edit. by K. Bhat.t.arāı̄
SPRA Skandapurān.a, RA recension
SPS Skandapurān.a, S recension (≈ SP)
ŚBr Śatapatha-Brāhman.a
SuŚ Suśrutasam . hitā
SvT Svacchandatantra
TaiBr Taittirı̄ya-Brāhman.a
TaiSa Taittirı̄ya-Sam . hitā
TVK Tı̄rthavivecanakān.d.a, see Laks.mı̄dhara
VāP Vāyupurān.a (Venkatesvara ed.)
VarP Varāhapurān.a
VDh Vis.n.udharma, see Grünendahl 1983–89
VDhP Vis.n.udharmottarapurān.a
ViP Vis.n.upurān.a
ViS Vis.n.usmr.ti
VmP Vāmanapurān.a
VS Vājasaneyi-Sam . hitā
WG Weltgebäude, see Kirfel 1954
YV Yajurveda
References
Acharya, Diwakar
2013 How to Behave like a Bull? New insight into the origin and religious
practices of the Pāśupatas. in: Indo-Iranian Journal 56 (2013), 101–31.
Aitareya-Brāhman.a
(AitBr) Das Aitareya-Brāhman.a. Mit Auszügen aus dem Commentare von
Sāyan.ācārya und anderen Beilagen. Hrsg. von Theodor Aufrecht. Bonn
1879.
Amarasim . ha
(AK) Amarakośa with the unpublished South Indian Commentaries
Amarapadavivr.ti of Liṅgayasūrin and the Amarapadapārijāta of
Mallinātha. Critically edited with Introduction by A. A. Ramanathan.
Vol. 1. Madras 1971. The Adyar Library Series 101.
Āpastambadharmasūtra
(ĀpDhS) Āpastamba’s Aphorisms on the Sacred Law of the Hindus. Edited in the
original Sanskrit, with critical notes, variant readings from
Hiran.yakeśi-dharmasūtras, an alphabetical index of sūtras, and
word-index, together with extracts from Haradatta’s commentary, the
Ujjvalā, by George Bühler. Third Edition. Poona 1932. Bombay Sanskrit
Series Nos. XLIV and L.
Arp, Susmita
2000 Zum Streit über die Zulässigkeit von Seereisen im kolonialzeitlichen
Indien. Stuttgart. Alt- und Neu-Indische Studien 52
344
356
(357)
Bibliography 345
Arthaśāstra
The Kaut.ilı̄ya Arthaśāstra, edit. and transl., with a study, by R.P.
Kangle. Bombay 1960-1965. 3 vols. University of Bombay studies,
Sanskrit, Prakrit and Pali, No. 1-3.
Atharvaśiras Upanis.ad
in: Upanis.ad-Sam . grahah., containing 188 Upanis.ads. Edited with
Sanskrit Introduction by J.L. Shastri. Delhi etc. 1970. pp. 170–174.
Atharvaveda
(AV) Rudolf Roth & William Dwight Whitney, Atharva Veda Sanhita
[Śaunakasam . hitā]. Dritte, unveränderte Auflage (nach der von Max
Lindenau besorgten zweiten Auflage), Bonn 1966.
Bakker, Hans T.
1986 Ayodhyā. Pt. I. The History of Ayodhyā from the 7th century BC to the
middle of the 18th century. Its development into a sacred centre with
special reference to the Ayodhyāmāhātmya and the worship of Rāma
according to the Agastyasam . hitā. Pt. II. Ayodhyāmāhātmya.
Introduction, Edition, and Annotation. Pt. III. Appendices,
Concordances, Bibliography, Indexes, and Maps. Groningen. Groningen
Oriental Studies I.
1996 a Pārvatı̄’s Svayam. vara. Studies in the Skandapurān.a, I. in: Wiener
Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens 40 (1996), 5–43.
1996 b Construction and Reconstruction of Sacred Space in Vārān.ası̄. in:
Numen 43 (1996), 32–55.
2004 a Origin and Growth of the Purānic Text Corpus with Special Reference
to the Skandapurān.a. Edited by Hans T. Bakker. Delhi. Papers of the
12th World Sanskrit Conference Vol. 3.2.
2004 b At the Right Side of the Teacher: Imagination, Imagery, and Image in
Vedic and Śaiva Initiation. in: Granoff, Phyllis & Koichi Shinohara
(eds.), Images in Asian Religions. Toronto 2004. pp. 117–148.
2007 a The Hindu Religion and War. in: King, Anna S (ed.), Indian Religions.
Renaissance and Renewal. The Spalding Papers in Indic Studies.
London. pp. 28–40.
2007 b Thanesar, the Pāśupata Order and the Skandapurān.a. Studies in the
Skandapurān.a IX. in: Journal of Indological Studies 19 (2007), 1–16.
2014 The World of the Skandapurān.a. Northern India in the Sixth and
Seventh Centuries. Leiden 2014 (forthcoming). Supplement to Groningen
Oriental Studies.
Bān.a
(HC) Hars.acaritam, śrı̄Śaṅkaraviracita ‘Saṅketa’ vyākhyopetam.
Hindı̄vyākhyākārah. śrı̄ Jagannātha Pāt.hakah.. Caukhambā
Vidyābhavan, Vārān.ası̄ 1958. Vidyābhavana Sam . skr.ta Granthamālā 36.
Barois, Christèle
2009 The Legendary Life of Upamanyu. in: Koskikallio, Petteri (ed.), Parallels
and Comparisons: proceedings of the Fourth Dubrovnik International
Conference on the Sanskrit Epics and Purān.as, September 2005. Zagreb
2009. pp. 279–301.
Beal, Samuel
1884 see Hsiuen-tsang.
345
357
(358)
346 Bibliography
Bhāgavatapurān.a
(BhāgP) Śrı̄mad Bhāgavatapurān.am. Śrı̄dharasvāmiviracitayā
Bhāvārthabodhinı̄-nāmnyā sam
. skr.tat.ı̄kayā samupetam. Edited by J.L.
Shastri. Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1983.
Śrı̄bhāgavatam [Śrı̄mad Bhāgavata Mahāpurān.a]. Critical Edition by
H.G. Shastri et al. Volume I–IV. Bh.J. Institute of Learning and
Research, Ahmedabad 1996–98. 4 vols.
Bhāskara I
Āryabhat.ı̄ya of Āryabhat.a. With the Commentary of Bhāskara I and
Someśvara. Critically edited with Introduction and Appendices by Kripa
Shankar Shukla. New Delhi 1976. Āryabhat.ı̄ya Critical Edition Series
Pt. 2.
Bhat.t.arāı̄, Kr.s.n.aprasāda
1988 see Skandapurān.a, SPBh
Bisschop, Peter
2002 On a Quotation of the Skandapurān.a in the Tı̄rthavivecanakān.d.a of
Laks.mı̄dhara’s Kr.tyakalpataru. Studies in the Skandapurān.a V. in:
Indo-Iranian journal 45 (2002), 231–243.
2006 Early Śaivism and the Skandapurān.a. Sects and Centres. Groningen.
Groningen Oriental Studies XXI.
2007 The description of Śivapura in the early Vāyu- and Skandapurān.a. in:
Goodall, Dominic & André Padoux (eds.), Mélanges Tantriques à la
mémoire d’Hélène Brunner. Pondichéry. Collection Indologie 106.
Bloomfield, Maurice
1906 A Vedic concordance: being an alphabetic index to every line of every
stanza of the published Vedic literature and to the liturgical formulas
thereof, that is an index to the Vedic Mantras, together with an account
of their variations in the different Vedic books. Cambridge (MA).
Harvard Oriental Series 10.
Brahmān.d.apurān.a
(Bd.P) Śrı̄-Vyāsa-mahars.iproktam
. Brahmān.d.apurān.am. (With Introduction in
Sanskrit and English and an Alphabetical Index of Verses). Edit. by J.
L. Shastri. Delhi etc. 1973. (Reprint of the Venkatesvara edition of AD
1912).
Brahmapurān.a
(BrP) Vol. 1, Sanskrit Indices and text of the Brahmapurān.a by Peter
Schreiner and Renate Söhnen. Vol. 2, Brahmapurān.a. Summary of
Contents, with Index of Names and Motifs by Renate Söhnen and Peter
Schreiner. Wiesbaden. 2 vols. Purān.a Research Publications, Tübingen 1
and 2.
1985–86 Brahma Purān.a. Translated and annotated by a Board of Scholars.
Delhi. Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology 33–36.
Brahmayāmala
(BrY) Brahmayāmala. Electronic transcription by Shaman Hatley of Nepalese
palmleaf manuscript NAK 3-370 (NGMPP A42/6).
Br.hatsūcı̄patram
Rās.t.riyābhilekhālayasthahastalikhitaprācı̄napustakānām Br.hatsas.t.amo
bhāgah.. Bābukr.s.n.aśarman.ā sam
. pāditah.. Rās.t.riyābhilekhālayatah.
prakāśitah.. Kathmandu V.S. 2025 [AD 1968]. Purātatvaprakaśanamālā
43.
346
358
(359)
Bibliography 347
Das, Rahul Peter

1988 Das Wissen von der Lebensspanne der Bäume. Surapālas Vks.āyurveda,
kritisch ediert, übersetzt und kommentiert. Suttgart.
Dave, K.N.
1985 Birds in Sanskrit Literature. Delhi etc.
Dey, Nundo Lal
1971 The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediæval India. Delhi.
(3rd edition)
Eck, D. L.
1982 Banaras. City of Light. Princeton.
Edgerton, Franklin
(BHSD) Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary. Volume II:
Dictionary. Indian reprint, Delhi 1970.
Eggeling, Julius
1899 Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office
Part VI, Sam . skr.it Literature. B. Poetical Literature, I Epic Literature,
II Pauranik Literature. London.
Gambier-Parry, T. R.
1930 A Catalogue of Photographs of Sanskrit mss purchased for the
administrators of the Max Müller Memorial Fund. Oxford/London 1930.
Garud.apurān.a
(GaP) The Garud.amahāpurān.am. [Edited with an Introduction] by
Rājendranātha Śarman, [together with a] Ślokānukraman.ı̄ by
Nāgaśaran.a Sim . ha. Nag Publishers, Delhi 1984. [= Venkatesvara Press
edition 1906].
Geldner, Karl Friedrich
1951-1957 Der Rig-Veda. Teil 1: Erster bis vierter Liederkreis. Teil 2: Fünfter bis
achter Liederkreis. Teil 3: Neunter bis zehnter Liederkreis. Teil 4: Namen
und Sachregister zur Übersetzung, dazu Nachträge und Verbesserungen
aus dem Nachlass des Übersetzers hrsg., geordnet und ergänzt von
Johannes Nobel. Cambridge (MA). Harvard Oriental Series 33-36.
Gonda, Jan
1969 Aspects of Early Vis.n.uism. 2nd ed., Delhi.
1980 Vedic Ritual. The non-solemn rites. Leiden-Köln. Handbuch der
Orientalistik, 2. Abt., 4. Band, 1. Abschnitt.
Goodall, Dominic
2004 The Parākhyatantra. A Scripture of the Śaiva Siddhānta. A Critical
Edition and Annotated Translation. Pondichéry. Collection Indologie 98.
Goodall, D & H. Isaacson
2003 See Kālidāsa.
Granoff, Phyllis
2004 Saving the Saviour: Śiva and the Vais.n.ava Avatāras in the Early
Skandapurān.a. in: Bakker, Hans T. (ed.), Origin and Growth of the
Purān.ic Text Corpus. Delhi. 2004. pp. 111–138.
2006 Śiva and his Gan.as: Techniques of Narrative Distancing in Purān.ic
Stories. in: Panda, Raghunatha & Madhusudan Mishra (eds.), Voice of
the Orient (A tribute to Prof. Upendranath Dhal). Delhi. pp. 77–102.
Grassmann, Hermann
1955 Wörterbuch zum Rig-Veda. 3rd ed., Wiesbaden.
347
359
(360)
348 Bibliography
Griffiths, Arlo & William A. Southworth

2011 Études du corpus des inscriptions du Campā II. La stèle d’installation
de Śrı̄ Ādideveśvara: une nouvelle inscription de Satyavarman trouvée
dans le temple de Hoà Lai et son importance pour l’histoire du
Pān.d.uraṅga. in: Journal Asiatique 299.1 (2011), 271-317.
Grünendahl, Reinhold
1983–89 Vis.n.udharmāh., Precepts for the worship of Vis.n.u. Part 1: Adhyāyas
1–43. Part 2: Adhyāyas 44–81. Part 3: Adhyāyas 82–105 (with a
Pāda-index of Adhyāyas 1–105). Wiesbaden. 3 vols.
Gutschow, Niels
2006 Benares. The Sacred Landscape of Vārān.ası̄. Stuttgart/London.
Hara, Minoru
2002 Pāśupata Studies. Edit. by Jun Takashima. Vienna Publications of the
De Nobili Research Library.
Haracaritacintāman.i
(HCC) see Jayadratha.
Harivam. śa
(HV) The Harivam . śa being the Khila or supplement to the Mahābhārata. For
the first time critically edited by P. L. Vaidya. Poona 1969–71. 2 vols.
Hazra, R. C.
1956 The Śivadharmottara. in: The Journal of the Ganganatha Jha Research
Institute, 1956.
Heesterman, J.C.
1997 Ritual and Ritualism: The case of ancient Indian ancestor worship. in:
Meij, D. van der (ed.), India and Beyond: aspects of literature, meaning,
ritual and thought. Essays in honour of Frits Staal. London 1997. pp.
249–270.
Hemacandra
Chando’nuśāsana of Hemacandrasūri. Critically edited with
Hemacandra’s own commentary, an anonymous T . ippan.aka, various
readings, appendix, numerous indices and an elaborate introduction etc.
by H.D. Velankar. Bombay 1961. Singhi Jain Series. Adhis.t.hātā, Singhi
Jain Śāstra Śiks.āpı̄t.ha, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
See also Velankar.
Hohenberger, Adam
1965 Metren der Kunstdichtung in den Purān.en. in: Wiener Zeitschrift für die
Kunde Süd- und Ostasiens 9 (1965), 48–97.
Hopkins, E. Washburn
1915 Epic Mythology. Strassburg. Grundriss der Indo-Arischen Philologie und
Altertumskunde III. Band, I. Heft B.
Hsiuen-tsang
Si-Yu-Ki. Buddhist Records of the Western World. Transl. from the
Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (A.D. 629) by Samuel Beal. London 1884
(reprinted Delhi 1969).
Indian Archaeology – A Review
(IAR) Archaeological Survey of India, New Delhi.
348
360
(361)
Bibliography 349
Jamison, Stephanie W.
1991 The Ravenous Hyenas and the Wounded Sun. Myth and Ritual in
Ancient India. Ithaca & London.
Jayadeva
See Velankar.
Jayadratha
(HCC) The Haracaritacintāman.i by Rājānaka Jayaratha [sic], edit. by Śivadatta
and Kāśı̄nāth Pān.d.urang Parab. Delhi/Varanasi 1983 (reprint).
Kāvyamālā 61.
Jayakı̄rti
See Velankar.
Kālidāsa
The Complete Works of Kālidāsa. The text in Sanskrit and Prakrtit
edited with Introduction by V.P. Joshi. Leiden 1976.
Kālidāsa’s Meghadūta. Edit. from the Manuscripts with the
Commentary of Vallabhadeva and provided with a complete
Sanskrit–English Vocabulary [by] E. Hultzsch. With a Foreword by
Albrecht Wezler. New Delhi 1998.
Vallabhadeva’s Kommentar (Śāradā-Version) zum Kumārasam . bhava des
Kālidāsa hrsg. von M. S. Narayana Murti, unter der Mitarbeit von
Klaus L. Janert. Wiesbaden 1980. Verzeichnis der orientalischen
Handschriften in Deutschland, Supplementband 20, 1.
The Raghupañcikā of Vallabhadeva, being the earliest commentary on
the Raghuvam. śa of Kālidāsa. Vol. I. Critical Edition with Introduction
and Notes by Dominic Goodall & Harunaga Isaacson. Groningen 2003.
Groningen Oriental Studies 17.
Kane, P. V.
1930–62 History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil
Law in India). Poona. 5 vols. Government Oriental Series, Class B,
No. 6. [= Kane I to V]
Kāśı̄khan.d.a
See Skandapurān.a (SkP).
Kedāra (Kedārabhat.t.a or Bhat.t.a Kedāra)
See Velankar.
Kedārakhan.d.a
(KeKh) Mahars.ivyāsapran.ı̄tah. Skandapurān.āntargatah. Kedārakhan.d.ah.
(Ratnaprabhābhās.āvyākhyāsahita). Anuvādaka Vrajaratna Bhat.t.ācārya.
Caukhambā Sam . skr.ta Pratis.t.hāna, Delhi 2007.
Kirfel, Willibald
1927 Das Purān.a Pañcalaks.an.a. Versuch einer Textgeschichte. Leiden.
1954 Das Purān.a vom Weltgebäude (Bhuvanavinyāsa): die kosmographischen
Traktate der Purān.a’s. Versuch einer Textgeschichte. Bonn. Bonner
Orientalische Studien N.S. 1.
1967 Die Kosmographie der Inder nach Quellen dargestellt. Reprint,
Darmstadt.
Klostermaier, Klaus
1991 The Original Daks.a Saga. in: Sharma, Arvind (ed.), Essays on the
Mahābhārata, Leiden. pp. 110–129.
349
361
(362)
350 Bibliography
Kūrmapurān.a
(KūP) The Kūrmapurān.a, crit. edit. by Anand Swarup Gupta. Varanasi 1971.
All-India Kashiraj Trust.
Laks.mı̄dhara
Kr.tyakalpataru
(TVK) As.t.amo bhāgah.. Tı̄rthavivecanakān.d.am, edit. by K. V. Rangaswami
Aiyangar. Baroda 1942. Gaekwad’s Oriental Series XCVIII.
Limaye, V. P. & R. D. Vadekar (eds.)
1958 Eighteen Principal Upanis.ads. Vol. I. Upanis.adic Text with Parallels
from extant Vedic Literature, Exegetical and Grammatical Notes.
Poona. Gandhi Memorial Edition.
Liṅgapurān.a
(LiP) Śrı̄-Vyāsa-mahars.iproktam. Śrı̄-Liṅgamahāpurān.am
. , with the Sanskrit
commentary Śivatos.in.ı̄ by Gan.eśa Nātu. [Edit. by] Gaṅgāvis.n.u (son of
Kr.s.n.adāsa). Venkatesvara Press, Bombay V.S. 1981 [= AD 1924].
[Reprinted, with a Ślokānukraman.ı̄ by Nāgaśaran.a Sim . ha, by Nag
Publishers, Delhi 1989 (2nd ed. 1996)]
Lingat, Robert
1967 Les sources du droit dans le système traditionnel de l’Inde. Paris/La
Haye.
Mahābhārata
(MBh) The Mahābhārata. For the first time critically edited by V. S.
Sukthankar and others. Poona 1927–59. 19 vols.
(MBhB) The Mahābhārata with the Bhāratabhāvadı̄pa by Nı̄lakan.t.ha, edit. by
Kinjawadekar, Ramachandrashastri. Chitrashala Press, Poona 1929–36.
7 vols. [reprinted, New Delhi 1979]
Majumdar, R. C. et al. (eds.)
(HCI) The History and Culture of the Indian People. Bombay 1951–77. 11 vols.
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
Manusmr.ti
(MaS) Manusmr.ti with the Sanskrit Commentary Manvantara-Muktāvalı̄ of
Kullūka Bhat.t.a, edit. by J. L. Shastri with English Introduction by S. C.
Banerji. Delhi etc. 1983.
Mārkan.d.eyapurān.a
(MkP) The Mārkan.d.eyamahāpurān.am edit. (with a Hindi translation) by R.N.
Śarmā. Venkatesvara Steam Press, Bombay 1910. Reprinted with an
Ślokānukraman.ı̄ by N. S. Sim. ha. Nag Publishers, Delhi 1983.
Mataṅgapārameśvarāgama
Vidyāpāda, with the commentary (Mataṅgavr.tti) of Bhat.t.a
Rāmakan.t.ha, edit. by N.R. Bhatt. Pondicherry 1977. Publications de
l’Institut Français de Pondichéry 66.
Matsyapurān.a
(MtP) Śrı̄mad-Dvaipāyanamuni-pran.ı̄tam . Matsyapurān.am, etad pustakam
Ānandāśramasthapan.d.itaih. sam. śodhitam. [Poona] 1981. Ananda
Ashrama Sanskrit Series 54. [Reprint of the ed. of H. N. Apte AD 1907]
Mertens, Annemarie
1998 Der Daks.amythus in der episch-purān.ischen Literatur. Beobachtungen
zur religionsgeschichtlichen Entwicklung des Gottes Rudra-Śiva im
Hinduismus. Wiesbaden. Beiträge zur Indologie Band 29.
Meyer, J. J.
1937 Trilogie altindischer Mächt und Feste de Vegetation. Zürich/Leipzig.
350
362
(363)
Bibliography 351
Meulenbeld, G. Jan
1999–2002 A History of Indian Medical Literature. Groningen. 3 Volumes in 5
Parts. Groningen Oriental Studies 15.1–3.
Mitra, Rājendralāla
1882 Notices of Sanskrit mss. Vol. VI. Published under orders of the
Government of Bengal for the year 1880. Calcutta.
Narasim . hapurān
.a
(NsP) Edit. by Pus.pendra Kumār. With a Ślokānukraman.ı̄ compiled by Nāg
Śaran. Sim . ha. Nag Publishers, Delhi 1987.
New Catalogus Catalogorum
(NCC) An alphabetical register of the Sanskrit and allied works and authors.
Prepared by V. Raghavan [and others]. Madras 1949– .
Niśvāsatattvasam . hitā
(NiTS) An unpublished, early Saiddhāntika scripture comprising i.a. the
Niśvāsaguhya and the Niśvāsamukha. We refer to the codex in the
National Archives, Kathmandu, MS 1–227 (= NGMPP A 41/4) and to
the electronic text entered from transcription of this Nepalese palm-leaf
MS (NGMPP A 41/14), supplemented with readings from its
Kathmandu apograph MS (NGMPP A 159/18), by Dominic Goodall.
Oberlies, Thomas
2003 A Grammar of Epic Sanskrit. Berlin/New York. Indian Philology and
South Asian Studies 5.
Pān.ini
(P) The Vyākaran.a-Mahābhās.ya of Patañjali, edited by F. Kielhorn. 3rd
edition, revised and furnished with additional readings, references and
select critical notes by K.V. Abhyankar. Poona 1962–72. 5 vols.
Parākhyatantra
See Goodall 2004.
Pāśupatasūtra
(PS) The Pāśupatasūtra with the Pañcārthabhās.ya of Kaun.d.inya. Edit. by R.
Ananthakrishna Sastri. Trivandrum 1940. Trivandrum Sanskrit Series
CXLIII.
Piṅgala
Śrı̄Piṅgalācāryaviracitam
. Chandah.śāstram,
śrı̄Halāyudhabhat.t.aviracitayā Mr.tasam. jı̄vany-ākhyayā vr.ttyā sametam.
Edited by Pan.d.ita Kedāranātha and Vāsudeva Laks.man.a Śāstrı̄
Pan.aśı̄kara. Varanasi & Delhi 1987. Chaukhambha Rajmata Series,
No. 2. Chaukhambha Orientalia.
Pou, Saveros
1989 Nouvelles inscriptions du Cambodge I. Collection de textes et
documents sur l’Indochine XVII. EFEO, Paris.
2001 Nouvelles inscriptions du Cambodge II & III. Collection de textes et
documents sur l’Indochine XXII–XXIII. EFEO, Paris.
Purān.apañcalaks.an.a
(PPL) see Kirfel 1927.
Rāmāyan.a
(Rām.) The Vālmı̄ki-Rāmāyan.a. Crit. edit. for the first time by a board of
editors. Baroda 1960–75. 7 vols.
R
. gveda
(R
. V) Hymns of the Rig-Veda in the Samhita and Pada texts. Reprinted from
the Editio Princeps by F. Max Müller. Varanasi 1965. 2 vols.
351
363
(364)
352 Bibliography
Saindon, Marcelle
1998 Le Pitr.kalpa du Harivam . śa: traduction, analyse, interprétation.
Saint-Nicolas.
Sakamoto, Junko
1978 Pāli Jātaka ni okeru mātrāchandas no Seikaku [Eng.tr.: The Feature of
Mātrāchandas in the Pāli Jātaka]. in: Bukkyo Kenkyu 7 (1978), 43–64.
Sanderson, Alexis
2003–04 The Śaiva Religion among the Khmers. Part I. in: Bulletin de l’Ecole
Française d’Extrême-Orient 90-91 (2003-2004), 349-463.
Śatapatha-Brāhman.a
(ŚBr) The Çatapatha-Brâhman.a in the Mâdhyandina-Çâkhâ with extracts
from the commentaries of Sâyan.a, Harisvâmin and Dvivedaganga edited
by Albrecht Weber. Leipzig 1924. (Reprint, Varanasi 1964).
Saurapurān.a
3
Saurapurān.am . Vyāsakr.tam. [Ānandāśrama Press, Poona] 1980 .
Ānandāśrama Sanskrit Series 18.
Sherring, M. A.
1868 The Sacred City of the Hindus: An Account of Benares in Ancient and
Modern Times. London.
Shastri, Haraprasad
1905 A Catalogue of Palm-leaf and Selected Paper MSS belonging to the
Durbar Library, Nepal (to which has been added a Historical
Introduction by C. Bendall). Calcutta. [Reprinted with a concordance
by Reinhold Grünendahl, Stuttgart 1989. Verzeichnis der orientalischen
Handschriften in Deutschland, Supplement-band 31]
1928 A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Government
Collection under the care of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Volume V.
Purān.a Manuscripts. Calcutta.
Sircar, D.C.
1966 Indian Epigraphical Glossary. Delhi etc.
Śivadharma
Paśupatimatam Śivadharmamahāśāstram Paśupatināthadarśanam.
Edited by Yogin Naraharinātha. Kathmandu 1998. [includes i.a. the
Śivadharmaśāstra, the Śivadharmottara and the
Umāmaheśvarasam . vāda.]
Śivadharmasam . graha
Śivadharmasam . graha. Electronic text created by Anilkumar Acharya
from two Nepalese palmleaf manuscripts: Cambridge MS Add. 1694 and
Cambridge MS Add. 1645.
Śivadharmottara
See Śivadharma.
Śivapurān.a
(ŚiP) Śrı̄-Śivamahāpurān.am, [edit. by] Khemarāja (son of Kr.s.n.adāsa).
Venkatesvara Press, Bombay V.S. 2011 [= AD 1954].
Skandapurān.a
1910 Śrı̄-Skāndamahāpurān.am, [edit. by] Ks.emarāja Śrı̄kr.s.n.adāsa.
Venkatesvara Press, Bombay V.S. 1967 [AD 1910]. 7 vols. [= SkP].
[Reprinted by Nag Publishers, Delhi 1986 (2nd ed. 1995). 7 vols. Vol. 8,
Ślokānukraman.ı̄ by Nāgaśaran.a Sim. ha. Nag Publishers, Delhi 1990].
352
364
(365)
Bibliography 353
1996–97 The Skanda-Purān.a Part X & XI: Kāśı̄khan.d.a. Translated and

annotated by G.V. Tagare. Delhi. Ancient Indian Tradition &
Mythology 58–59.
(SP I) The Skandapurān.a, Volume I. Adhyāyas 1–25. Critically Edited with
Prolegomena and English Synopsis by R. Adriaensen, H.T. Bakker & H.
Isaacson. Groningen 1998. Supplement to Groningen Oriental Studies.
(SP II A) The Skandapurān.a, Volume II A, Adhyāyas 26–31.14: The Vārān.ası̄
Cycle. Critical Edition with an Introduction, English Synopsis &
Philological and Historical Commentary by Hans T. Bakker & Harunaga
Isaacson. Groningen 2004. Supplement to Groningen Oriental Studies.
(SP III) The Skandapurān.a, Volume III. Adhyāyas 34.1–61, 53–69. Critically
Edited with Introduction and English Synopsis by Yuko Yokochi.
Groningen/Leiden 2013.
(SP 167) [For edition of Adyāya 167 see Bisschop 2006.]
(SPBh ) Skandapurān.asya Ambikākhan.d.ah., sam . pādakah. Kr.s.n.aprasāda
Bhat.t.arāı̄. Kathmandu 1988. Mahendraratnagranthamālā 2.
Sternbach, Ludwik (ed.)
1963–70 Cān.akya-nı̄ti-text-tradition (Cān.akya-nı̄ti-śākhā-sampradāyah.).
Hoshiarpur. 2 Parts in 5 vols. Viśveśvarānanda-sam . sthāna-prakāśanāvalı̄,
Viśveśvarānanda-Bhāratabhāratı̄-granthamālā.
Suśrutasam . hitā
(SuŚ) Suśrutasam . hitā of Suśruta with the Nibandhasam . graha Commentary of
Śrı̄ D
. alhan.ācārya and the Nyāyacandrikā Pañjikā of Śrı̄ Gayadāsācārya
on Nidānasthāna. Edit. by Jādavajı̄ Trikamajı̄ Āchārya and Nārāyan.
Rām Āchārya. Fourth edition, Varanasi/Delhi 1980. Jaikrishnadas
Ayurveda Series 34.
Sutton, Nicholas
2005 A note on the development of emotional bhakti: epic Śaivism in the
Mahābhārata. in: ABORI LXXXVI (2005), 153–166.
Svacchandatantra
(SvT) The Svacchandatantra with commentary by Kshema Rāja. Ed.
Madhusūdan Kaul Shāstrı̄. Bombay 1921–35. Kashmir Sanskrit texts
Series 31, 38, 44, 48, 51, 53, and 56.
Taittirı̄ya-Brāhman.a
(TaiBr) The Taittiriya Brahmana of the Black Yajur Veda, [with the comm. of
Sāyanācārya, edit. by Rājendralāla Mitra]. Reprint, Osnabrück 1981. 4
vols. (= Bibliotheca Indica 31).
Taittirı̄ya-Sam . hitā
(TaiSa) Taittirı̂ya-Sam . hitâ, herausgegeben von Albrecht Weber. Leipzig
1871–72. 2 vols. Indische Studien. Beiträge für die Kunde des indischen
Alterthums.
Tantrasadbhāva
Tantrasadbhāva. Electronic edition by Mark Dyczkowski on the basis of
Nepalese palmleaf manuscripts NAK 5-1985 (NGMPP A42/6), NAK
1-363 (NGMPP A44/1), NAK 5-445 (NGMPP A44/2).
Tı̄rthāṅk
Tı̄rthāṅka. in: Kalyān.a 31.1 (1957), 1–704. Gitapress, Gorakhpur.
Törzsök, Judit
2004 Three Chapters of Śaiva Material Added to the Earliest Known
Recension of the Skandapurān.a. in: Bakker 2004 a, pp. 17–39.
353
365
(366)
354 Bibliography
Umāmaheśvarasam . vāda
See Śivadharma.
Vājasaneyi-Sam . hitā
(VS) The Vājasaneyi-sam . hitā in the Mādhyandina and the Kānva-śākhā, with
the commentary of Mahı̄dhara. Edit. by Albrecht Weber. Berlin 1852.
Reprint: Varanasi 1972. Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series 103.
Vāmanapurān.a
(VmP) The Vāmana Purān.a, critically edit. by Anand Swarup Gupta. All-India
Kashiraj Trust, Varanasi VS 2024 [AD 1967].
Van Put, Ineke
2007 The Names of Buddhist Hells in East Asian Buddhism. in: Pacific
World. Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies 9 (2007), 205–229.
Varāhapurān.a
(VarP) The Varāha Purān.a, critically edit. by Anand Swarup Gupta. All-India
Kashiraj Trust, Varanasi 1981.
Vāyupurān.a
(VāP) The Vāyumahāpurān.am. Edit. by Khemarāja. Delhi 1983. Nag
Publishers. [Reprint of the Venkatesvara edition of AD 1895.]
Velankar, H.D.
n.d. Jayadāman (A collection of ancient texts on Sanskrit Prosody and a
Classified List of Sanskrit Metres with an Alphabetical Index). Bombay
n.d. [1949] . Haritos.amālā No. 1.
Viennot, Odette
1954 Le culte de l’arbre dans l’Inde ancienne. Paris. Annales du Musée
Guimet. Bibliothèque d’études, Tome LIX.
Vis.n.udharmottarapurān.a
(VDhP) Vis.n.udharmottarapurān.a. [Edit. by] Ks.emarāja Śrı̄kr.s.n.adāsa.
Venkatesvara Press, Bombay V.S. 1969 [1912].
Vis.n.upurān.a
(ViP) The Vis.n.upurān.am, critically edited by M.M. Pathak. Pāda-Index by
Peter Schreiner. Vadodara 1997–99. 2 vols.
Vis.n.usmr.ti
(ViS) The Vis.n.usmr.ti with the commentary Keśavavaijayantı̄ of
Nandapan.d.ita. Edit. by V. Krishnamacharya. Madras 1964. 2 vols. The
Adyar Library Series 93.
Vyas, Kaluram & D.B. Kshirsagar
1986 A Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Maharaja Mansingh Pustak Prakash
Jodhpur, Part 2 (Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts). Jodhpur. Shri
Umed Oriental Series 3.
354
366
(367)
Index to the Introduction
Anukraman.ikā: 3, 4 Mr.tyu: 7, 19
Kanakhala: 7, 27
Bhadrakālı̄: 6, 27 Kās.t.hakūt.a: 11, 30
Bhadreśvara: 7, 27 Kaśyapa: 9
Bhūmanyu: 11, 30 Kauśikı̄: see Devı̄
Brahmā: 7, 9, 19, 29 Kedāra: 13, 14
brahman: 5 Kr.s.n.a: 8
Brahmāvarta: 7 ks.atra: 5
Ks.etrapāla: 5
Dadhı̄ca: 5, 27 Ks.ı̄roda: 12, 28
Daks.a: 3, 5–7, 27 Ks.upa: 5, 27
Deva: see Śiva Kubjāmraka: 7
Devadeva: see Śiva Kumāra: 4
Deveśa: see Śiva
Devı̄: 4–8, 11, 28 Madhyama: 7, 28
Kauśikı̄: 7, 8 Madhyameśvara: 7
Pārvatı̄: 7–9, 11 Mahābhārata: 8, 19
Umā: 5, 7 Anuśāsanaparvan: 8
Vindhyavāsinı̄: 7, 8, 11, 28 Mahādeva: see Śiva
Dharma: 7, 28 Māhātmya: 5, 7, 27, 28
Maheśvara: see Śiva
Gan.a: 5, 6, 9 Mandara: 4, 5, 7, 11, 27
Gan.apa: 6, 29, 30 Manoraman.a: 12
Haribhadra: 6, 12, 27 Mantras: 6
Nandin: 4, 12
Pañcāks.a: 6 Naraka: 3, 4, 8–11, 21, 28, 29
Prabhākara: 7, 12, 19, 28 Asipatravana: 9, 29
Somanandin: 8, 28 Ayoghana: 9, 29
Gan.eśa: 19 Kālasūtraka: 9, 29
Gan.eśvara: 8, 11 Kumbhı̄pāka: 9, 29
Gaurı̄śikhara: 8, 28 Mahāpadma: 9, 29
Ghr.toda: 12 Mahāraurava: 9, 29
Padma: 9, 29
Harikeśa: 4, 5 Raurava: 9, 10, 18, 29
Harivam. śa: 9 Śālmala: 9
Pitr.kalpa: 9 Kūt.aśālmali: 29
Hemacandra: 13, 14 Tamas: 9, 18, 29
Himavat: 9 Tamastamatara: 9, 10, 18, 29
Vaitaran.ı̄: 9, 29
Jayadeva: 13, 14 Yamalācala: 9, 10, 29
Jayakı̄rti: 13, 14
Pārvatı̄: see Devı̄
Kālakarn.ı̄: 6, 7 Pāśupata: 6, 10
355
355
367
(368)
356 Index to the Introduction
Piṅgala: 13, 14
pitr.: 29
Raibhya: 6
Sam . vartaka: 7, 28
Sanatkumāra: 5, 7–9, 30
Śiva: 3–12, 19, 27–30
Deva: 5, 6, 8, 19
Devadeva: 5
Deveśa: 7
Mahādeva: 5
Maheśvara: 6
Śivadharma: 10
Skanda: 8
Skandapurān.a (SP): 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16,
17, 20
Sthāneśvara: 5, 27
Sukeśa: 8–11, 28–30
Suśarman: 9, 10, 29, 30
Śveta: 11, 30
tapas: 4, 5, 8–11, 27, 28, 30

Trikūt.a: 9, 11, 29
Umā: see Devı̄

Upamanyu: 8, 9, 11, 28
Vāhana: 3–7, 27
Vārān.ası̄: 4, 5, 27
Vārān.ası̄māhātmya: 4, 5
Vindhyavāsinı̄: see Devı̄
Vis.n.u: 5
Vr.s.abha: 5–7, 27, 28
Vr.s.an: 5, 27
Vyāsa: 5, 7, 8
Yajña: 5–7, 27, 28

Yaks.a: 5
Yaśā: 30
356
368
(369)
Index to the Synopsis
Aditi: 51 Bhava: see Śiva

Ādityas: 65 Bhūmanyu: 106, 107, 110
Adrijā: see Devı̄ Bhūtamohana: see Gan.apa
Agni: 37, 40, 41, 62, 82 Bhuvaneśāna: see Śiva
Havyeśa: 61 Bhuvaneśvara: see Śiva
Hutāśana: 62 Bindusaras: 67
Vahni: 61–63 Brahmā: 28, 33–35, 38, 44, 52–54, 56,
Ajaikapād: see Gan.apa 58, 59, 65, 72, 78, 79, 102,
Ājı̄vaka: 93 103, 106
Akampana: see Gan.apa Pitāmaha: 37, 54
Alam . kāradhārā: 69 Prajāpati: 40, 41, 55, 72
Ambā: see Devı̄ Svayambhū: 34
Ambikā: see Devı̄ Brahmadan.d.adhara: see Gan.apa
Anaṅga: see Kāma Brahmaloka: 43
Anaṅgāri: see Śiva Brahman: see Śiva
Aṅga: 108 brahmars.i: 72
Antaka: see Yama Brahmāvarta: 54
Aparn.ā: see Devı̄ (Umā)
Apsaras: 33, 53, 66 cakra: 37, 65
Arjunā River: 56 Cakrapān.i: see Vis.n.u
As.ād.hi: see Gan.apa Cakreśa: see Vis.n.u
Asipatravana: see Naraka Citragupta: 82
Asura Cyavana: 35, 37, 38, 106, 108
Mahis.a: see s.v.
Nisumbha: see s.v. Dadhı̄ca: 35–39, 41
Sumbha: see s.v. Daityas: 61
Aśvamedha: 40, 52–54, 57, 104 Daks.a: 34, 40, 42, 43, 50, 54–57
Aśvins: 66 Prācetasa: 55
Āsyajā: see Kālakarn.ı̄ Dānava: 50, 98, see Daityas
Atharvaveda: 51 Dānavas: 61
Atri: 106 Dan.d.apān.i: 32
Aurva: 106 Deva: see Śiva
Avimukta: 32 Devadāruvana: 67
Ayoghana: see Naraka Devadeva: see Śiva
Devapa: see Śiva
Bhadrakālı̄: 41–43, 52 Deveśa: see Śiva
Kālı̄: 42, 44, 57 Devı̄: 31–33, 40, 41, 47, 48, 50, 51,
Bhadrakarn.ahrada: 53, 54 55–57, 60, 66, 67, 69, 70, 111
Bhadreśvara: 52, 54 Adrijā: 55
Bhaga: 44, 65 Ambā: 44, 50, 51, 62
Bhairava: see Śiva Ambikā: 49, 57
Bhārabhūti: see Gan.apa Hrı̄: 49
357
357
369
(370)
358 Index to the Synopsis
Īśā: 55 Gan.eśvara: 32, 40–43, 56, 63, 64, 69,

Kālarātrı̄: 49 75, 81, 110
Karālā: 49 Gaṅgā: 43
Kiṅkinı̄tā: 49 Gaṅgādvāra: 42
Kr.s.n.ā: 67 Gaṅgāprabhava: 67
Laks.mı̄: 51 Gaṅgāsāgara: 57
Mahādevı̄: 55, 58 Gautama(gotra): 106
Mātr.: 50 Gāyatrı̄: 108
Satı̄: 67 Ghoracakradhara: see Gan.apa
Tarı̄: 51 Ghr.toda Ocean: 57
Umā: 33, 41, 47, 50, 53, 58, 66, 75 Gokarn.a: see Śiva
Aparn.ā: 49 gotra: 106
Pārvatı̄: 42, 50 Govinda: see Vis.n.u
Viśalyā: 49 Govr.s.adhvaja: see Śiva
Dharma: 59, 65, 86
Hara: see Śiva
Dhruva: see Śiva
Hari: see Haribhadra
Din.d.imun.d.eśvara: see Gan.apa
Haribhadra: 41, 43, 44, 53
Dundubhi: 49
Hari: 41, 43, 44, 52, 56
Dyubhr.t: see Śiva
Vı̄rabhadra: 44
Haribhadra (tı̄rtha): 53
Gan.a: i, 31–33, 41, 44, 52, 53, 56, 57, Harikeśa: 31, 32
59, 60, 62, 80 Hastivaktra: 50
Gan.ādhyaks.a: 32, 69 Havyeśa: see Agni
Gan.anāyaka: 41, 62, 102, 103 Hetuka: 93
Gan.apa: 11, 39, 45, 48, 53, 60, 63, 72, Himavat: 48, 56, 59, 62, 67
75, 76, 103, 110 Hrı̄: see Devı̄
Ajaikapād: 69 Hr.śı̄keśa: see Vis.n.u
Akampana: 39 Hutāśana: see Agni
As.ād.hi: 69
Bhārabhūti: 69 Indra: 35, 43, 44, 59, 71, 72
Bhūtamohana: 69 Sadasatpati: 71
Brahmadan.d.adhara: 69 Śakra: 36, 61, 65, 71, 72, 108
Din.d.imun.d.eśvara: 69 Śatamakha: 56
Ghoracakradhara: 69 Indradvı̄pa: 64
Haribhadra: see s.v. Indrapramati: 106
Kāladan.d.adhara: 69 Īśā: see Devı̄
Īśa: see Śiva
Kāpālin: 69
Īśāna: see Śiva
Mr.tyudan.d.adhara: 69
Īśvara: see Śiva
Nandin: see s.v.
Nikumbha: 69 Jagatpati: see Śiva
Pañcāks.a: 45, 47 Jāmadagnya: 49
Prabhākara: 64 Janārdana: see Vis.n.u
Rudra: 62, 64, 69 japa: 102–105
Sam . bhrama: 32 Jayanta: 108
Śatamanyu: 69 Jyotsnā: 64
Udbhrama: 32
Vis.vaksena: 60 Kāladan.d.adhara: see Gan.apa
Gan.apati: 31, see Gan.apa, Kālakarn.ı̄: 47, 48
Mahāgan.apati Āsyajā: 58
Gandharva: 66 Mr.tyu: 58
Gan.eśa: 41, 42, 56, 57, 64, 74, 75 Kālarātrı̄: see Devı̄
358
370
(371)
Index to the Synopsis 359
Kālasūtraka: see Naraka Manu: 99

Kāma Mārtan.d.atanaya: see Yama
Anaṅga: 49 Mātr.: 66, see Devı̄
kaman.d.alu: 72 Maya: 61
Kāmāṅganāśana: see Śiva Meru: 47, 64, 68
Kanakhala: 42, 55, 57 Mitra: 65
Kāpālin: see Gan.apa Mr.tyu: see Kālakarn.ı̄, see Yama
Kapardin: see Śiva Mr.tyudan.d.adhara: see Gan.apa
Kapila: 97
Kapiñjalı̄: 106 Nāga: 66
Karālā: see Devı̄ Naigameśa: 50
karman: 77, 81, 84, 87, 89, 90, 100–102 Nandin: 33, 40, 50, 60, 103, 106
Kās.t.hakūt.a: 105, 107–110 Nara: 45
Kās.t.hakūt.āśrama: 105 Naraka: 74, 81, 82, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90,
Kāśyapa Udala: 109 98, 100, 102, 104, 105
Kim . kara: 86, 90 Asipatravana: 81, 87
Kim . nara: 101 Ayoghana: 81, 90
Kiṅkinı̄tā: see Devı̄ Kālasūtraka: 81, 86
Kr.s.n.ā: see Devı̄ Kumbhı̄pāka: 81, 86
Kr.s.n.a (father of Bhūmanyu): 106 Mahāpadma: 81, 92, 93
Ks.etrapāla: 32 Mahāraurava: 81, 95, 101
Ks.ı̄roda: 73 Padma: 81, 91
Ks.upa: 35–38 Raurava: 81, 94, 95
Kubera Śālmala: 81
Vittagopa: 56 Kūt.aśālmali: 85
Kubjāmraka: 53 Tamas: 81, 96, 101
Kumbhı̄pāka: see Naraka Tamastamatara: 81, 97
Kūt.aśālmali: see Naraka (Śālmala) Vaitaran.ı̄: 81, 89
Yamalācala: 81–83
Laks.mı̄: see Devı̄ Narasim . ha: see Vis.n.u
Lokapālas: 37 Nārāyan.a: see Vis.n.u
Narmadā: 107
Madhyama: 60 Nāstivādin: 93
Madhyama: see Śiva Nāstika: 97, 99
Mahābhairava: see Śiva Nikumbha: see Gan.apa
Mahādeva: see Śiva Nı̄lalohita: see Śiva
Mahādevı̄: see Devı̄ Nirgrantha: 93
Mahāgan.apati: 65 Nisumbha: 49
Mahālaya: 67
Mahāpadma: see Naraka Padma: see Naraka
Mahāraurava: see Naraka Pañcāks.a: see Gan.apa
Mahātman: see Śiva Pān.d.uśilā: 67
Maheśa: see Śiva Parameśvara: see Śiva
Maheśāna: see Śiva Parāśara: 106
Maheśvara: see Śiva Pārvatı̄: see Devı̄ (Umā)
Mahes.vāsa: see Śiva Pāśupata: 48
Mahis.a: 49 Paśupati: see Śiva
Mandara: 32, 33, 47, 49, 53, 60, 66, 68, Paulomı̄: 108
69, 103, 111 Pināka: 56, 59, 67, 72
Mānasa Lake: 67 Pinākadhr.k: see Śiva
Manoraman.a: 64 Piśāca: 66
Mantras: 43 Pitāmaha: see Brahmā
359
371
(372)
360 Index to the Synopsis
Prabhākara: see Gan.apa Bhava: 41, 50, 59, 60, 73, 108
Prabhāsa: see Śiva Bhuvaneśāna: 33
Pracetas: 40, 41, 55 Bhuvaneśvara: 60
Prācetasa: see Daks.a Brahman: 60
Prajāpati: see Brahmā Deva: 31–34, 38, 40–42, 44, 45,
Pramatha: 66 47, 51–57, 59, 60, 62–66, 70,
Pravareśvaras: 75 72, 75–77, 103, 107, 110, 111
Purus.ottama: see Vis.n.u Devadeva: 31–33, 41, 60, 63, 64,
Pūs.an: 44, 65 103, 105, 109
Āditya: 50 Devapa: 66
Deveśa: 32, 44, 47, 52, 53, 64, 71,
Raibhya: 42 110
Raibhyāśrama: 42 Dhruva: 60
Rāks.asa: 56, 66, 82, 84, 85, 87, 90, Dyubhr.t: 63
95–98 Gokarn.a: 59
Raks.as: 87 Govr.s.adhvaja: 38, 70, 78
Raurava: see Naraka Hara: 33, 49, 50, 53, 54, 63, 70,
R
. gveda: 108 73, 75
R
. s.i: 65 Īśa: 105
Rudra: see Gan.apa, see Śiva Īśāna: 72
Rudraks.etra: 53 Īśvara: 59
Rudraloka: 39 Jagatpati: 62, 103
Rudras: 60, 65 Kāmāṅganāśana: 66
Kapardin: 54
Sacrifice: see Yajña Madhyama: 60
Sadasatpati: see Śiva, see Indra Mahābhairava: 50
Sādhya: 62 Mahādeva: 38, 51, 55, 56, 60, 63,
Śakra: see Indra 67, 69–71, 75, 76, 102, 108
Śakti (son of Vasis.t.ha): 106 Mahātman: 72
śakti: 51 Maheśa: 51, 64, 104
Śālmala: see Naraka Maheśāna: 41
Sam . bhrama: see Gan.apa Maheśvara: 43, 52, 55, 56, 59, 69,
Śambhu: see Śiva 71, 72, 75, 105, 110
Śam . kara: see Śiva Mahes.vāsa: 54
Sam . varta: 59, 61 Nı̄lalohita: 51
Sam. vartaka: 61–63 Parameśvara: 38
Sanatkumāra: 31, 33–35, 40–42, 44, Paśupati: 48, 54
47, 51, 52, 56, 57, 59–63, 66, Pinākadhr.k: 67, 72
70, 72–77, 79, 80, 102–105, Prabhāsa: 60
108–110 Rudra: 33, 48, 52, 55, 60, 62, 69,
Śarva: see Śiva 71, 72, 74, 75, 103, 106, 107,
Śatamakha: see Indra 109, 110, see Gan.apa
Śatamanyu: see Gan.apa Sadasatpati: 63, 71
Śatarudrı̄ya: 45, 52 Śambhu: 57
Satı̄: see Devı̄ Śam . kara: 37, 38, 48, 52, 70, 75,
satputra: 104 103, 110
suputra: 75, 76, 107 Śarva: 33, 36, 38, 42, 47, 52–54,
Siddhas: 33, 60 56, 69, 70, 105
Śilāda: 106 Surapati: 52
Śiva: 31, 57, 105 Sureśvara: 36, 52
Anaṅgāri: 49 Tribhuvaneśvara: 33
Bhairava: 60 Tryambaka: 37, 38, 49, 51
360
372
(373)
Index to the Synopsis 361
Virūpāks.a: 50 Virūpāks.a: see Śiva

Viśvaksras.t.r.: 73 Viśākha: 50, 73
Viśveśa: 73 Viśalyā: see Devı̄
Vr.s.avāhana: 33 Vis.n.u: 36–38, 44, 45, 50, 53, 54, 56,
Skanda: 73 65, 72, 75, 109
Skandacandra: 50 Cakrapān.i: 37
smr.ti: 78, 107, 108 Cakreśa: 75
Soma: 82 Govinda: 38
Śrı̄: 65, 69, 108, 109 Hr.śı̄keśa: 36
śruti : 78, 93, 107, 108 Janārdana: 37
Sthāneśvara: 39, 40 Narasim . ha: 45
Sthān.utı̄rtha: 39 Nārāyan.a: 36, 37, 75
Sthān.uvat.a: 39 Purus.ottama: 53
Sthān.uvrata: 39 Vis.vaksena: see Gan.apa
Sukeśa: 73–77, 79, 80, 102, 103, 105 Viśvaksras.t.r.: see Śiva
Sumbha: 49 Viśveśa: see Śiva
Surabhı̄: 60–62, 66 Vittagopa: see Kubera
Surapati: see Śiva Vr.s.abha: 33, 59, 60, 63, 64
Śūrasenā: 49 Vr.s.a: 63, 65
Sureśvara: see Śiva Vr.s.an: 33
Sūrya: 82 Vr.s.avāhana: see Śiva
Suśarman: 80, 84, 86, 87, 89–92, Vyāsa: 33, 34, 57, 59, 63, 70, 74, 76,
94–97, 100, 102 104, 105
Suvarn.aśr.ṅga: 42
Svayambhū: see Brahmā Yajña: 33, 34, 43, 44, 51, 57, 59, 65
Yajurveda: 108
Tamas: see Naraka Yaks.a: 31, 32, 66
Tamastamatara: see Naraka Yama: 37, 81, 82, 90, 92, 93, 98
tapas: 32–34, 36, 38, 42, 58, 59, 62, 67, Antaka: 49
69–72, 74, 77, 102, 103, 106, Mārtan.d.atanaya: 98
108, 109 Mr.tyu: 86
Tarı̄: see Devı̄ Yamalācala: see Naraka
tejas: 38, 59, 76 Yaśā (wife of Bhūmanyu): 106, 109
Tribhuvaneśvara: see Śiva yoga: 42, 45, 93
Trikūt.a: 75, 76 Yoginı̄: 50
Tryambaka: see Śiva
Tus.ita: 44
Udbhrama: see Gan.apa

Umā: see Devı̄
Upamanyu: 70–73
Upāṅga: 108
Upaveda: 108
Vad.avāmukha: 61, 62
Vahni: see Agni
Vaitaran.ı̄: see Naraka
Varun.a: 37, 56, 65, 82, 108
Vasis.t.ha: 74, 106
Vasu: 66
Vāyu: 56, 65, 82
Veda: 33, 77, 78, 87, 93, 107, 108
Vı̄rabhadra: see Haribhadra
361
373
(374)
362
374
(375)
Index of Text Passages
Abhidharmakośabhās.ya Br.hadāran.yaka-Upanis.ad (BAU)

3.59cd: 91 6.2.10: 34
Aitareya-Brāhman.a (AitBr) 6.4.8: 77
3.33.5: 44 6.4.26: 77
Amarakośa (AK)
1.11.1: 94, 95 Chandah.śāstra (Paiṅgala)
1.11.2: 86, 89 4.32–39: 13
2.8.97: 85 4.40: 14
7.55–56: 94 4.41: 14
Āpastamba-Dharmasūtra (ĀpDhS) Chandonuśāsana (Hemacandra)
2.7.16.3: 77 3.53–58: 13
Arthaśāstra 3.59: 14
13.4.52: 92 3.60: 14
Āryabhat.ı̄ya 3.61: 13
Bhāskara I ad 3.62–64: 13
p. 95, l. 24: 39 Chandonuśāsana (Jayakı̄rti)
Atharvaśiras Upanis.ad 6.1–4, 11–13: 13
2: 51 6.5, 7, 9, 15, 20, 25: 14
6: 51 6.6, 8, 10, 14, 19, 24: 14
Atharvaveda 6.16–18, 21–23: 13
Śaunakasam . hitā (AV) 6.26: 13
10.2.26–27: 51
Haracaritacintāman.i (HCC)
Bhāgavatapurān.a (BhāgP) 19–20: 70
4.13.35: 45 22: 66, 70
Brahmān.d.apurān.a (Bd.P) Harivam . śa (HV)
1.15.72–78: 46 3.41, 58*: 60
1.15.74: 46 12.21–41: 9, 78
1.15.75ab: 46 12.27cd: 78
1.18.74c: 46 12.35: 79
1.19.123cd: 46 31.21–30: 65
2.3.5.68: 33 44.53–60: 49
3.2.149, 171: 89 App. 1 No. 31 l. 1085: 95
Brahmapurān.a (BrP) Hars.acarita
25.39: 54 Chapter 1: 39
25.50: 53 p. 41: 36
150.9: 86 p. 164: 39
215.128cd–129ab: 98
228.26: 83 Jayadevachandas
Brahmayāmala 4.15–20: 13
31.103: 82 4.21: 14
32.42: 82 4.22: 14
363
363
375
(376)
364 Index of Text Passages
Kaus.ı̄taki-Upanis.ad (Kaus.U) 1.107.24cd–25ab: 71

2.11: 77 1.107.32ab: 71
Kr.tyakalpataru 1.107.54ab: 73
Tı̄rthavivecanakān.d.a (TVK) 1.107.55–56: 73
110f.: 32
110: 32 Mahābhārata (MBh)
206–08: 54 1.8.1: 35
241: 53 1.16: 33
249f.: 56 1.41.3–5: 74
252: 54 1.41.4b, 22b: 74
267: 53 1.60.23: 50
Kumārasambhava 1.60.43–45: 106
1.11: 101 1.69.17: 80
1.18: 50 1.89.27ab: 80
Kūrmapurān.a (KūP) 1.106.4: 108
1.11.26–27: 59 1.111.31: 99
1.14.50–51: 43 1.158.18–19: 89
1.14.50–57: 42 1.164–65: 35
1.14.51a: 43 1.213.58: 108
1.14.58–61: 42 1 App. 1 No. 48 l. 42: 108
1.29.45–46: 53 2.3.9: 68
1.29.46: 54 2.24.27: 110
1.33.15: 53 2 App. 1 No. 3 l. 21: 105
2.34.33–35: 54 3.52.4: 37
2.34.34: 42 3.81.43: 54
2.36.10: 42 3.81.54: 38
2.39.4: 53 3.81.70: 89
3.81.163–64: 38
Liṅgapurān.a (LiP) 3.82.16–17ab: 42
1.28.23f.: 59 3.82.16: 42
1.35–36: 34 3.82.35: 53
1.35.13–14: 36 3.82.36: 54
1.35.27–28: 36 3.82.38: 54
1.36.34d: 37 3.82.119–132: 68
1.63.89–90: 106 3.82.131: 68
1.63.89c: 106 3.83.6: 89
1.63.90: 106 3.88.18: 42
1.92.136: 39, 53 3.88.19–20: 42
1.100: 42 3.88.19: 42
1.100.6–7: 42 3.94.13d: 74
1.100.7: 42 3.98–99: 35
1.100.14–17ab: 42 3.98.12–13: 38
1.100.14c: 43 3.98.20–24: 35
1.100.29cd–30ab, 33cd–35ab: 42 3.114.13: 89
1.103.27: 105 3.115.23: 88
1.107–08: 70 3.124.17: 36
1.107.4–6ab: 70 3.126.25: 55
1.107.6cd–9: 70 3.135.5: 42
1.107.10cd: 70 3.135.9: 42
1.107.12–15ab: 70 3.137.1: 42
1.107.15a: 70 3.154.61 786∗ l. 8: 108
1.107.16cd–19: 70 3.155.46ab: 68
364
376
(377)
Index of Text Passages 365
3.155.46cd: 68 12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 123ff.: 55

3.186.27c: 92 12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 407–08: 48
3.186.46: 94 12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 407–09: 55
3.188.52ab: 92 13.8.19ab: 46
3.220.24: 110 13.14.75–196: 8, 70
3.264.66: 110 13.14.78: 70
5.15.17: 45 13.14.82–84: 70
5.129.11 *494: 65 13.14.84b: 70
5 App. 1 No. 4 ll. 15–16: 99 13.14.86–88: 71
6.7.41: 68 13.14.92: 71
6.8.3–6: 46, 69 13.14.94–98: 72
6.8.4: 46 13.14.94: 71
6.8.6ab: 46 13.14.150–166: 73
6.9.5: 56 13.14.153: 73
6.31.23–24: 52 13.14.189ab: 72, 73
7.69.55-6: 33 13.14.191ab: 72
7.173.55ab: 48 13.14.192ab–193ab: 73
7 App. 1 No. 8 ll. 23–248: 58 13.14.193cd–194: 73
9.41.3–7: 39 13.17.63: 71
9.41.4: 39 13.18.50: 44
9.43.51: 39 13.25.5: 97
9.50.5–33: 35 13.26.12: 42
9.50.30: 35 13.26.25: 68
9.50.31–32: 35 13.30.5cd: 77
10.11.24: 108 13.34.10cd: 77
12.35.4: 94 13.49.18: 88
12.122: 34 13.96.16: 83
12.122.16–17: 34 13.98.11d: 92
12.122.24–25: 35 13.104: 91
12.122.35: 35 13.104.5–6: 92
12.139.13: 93 13.104.12–13: 92, 94
12.145.8f.: 92 13.112.81: 84, 87
12.182.7c: 92 13.117.29: 82
12.186.13: 83 13.117.30: 86
12.211.9–11: 97 13.145.26cd: 48
12.248–50: 58 13 App. 1 No. 6 ll. 38, 42–45, 49,
12.249.14–20: 58 52: 73
12.249.21–22: 58 13 App. 1 No. 14 l. 215: 85
12.250.3: 58 13 App. 1 No. 15 l. 2670: 82
12.250.29cd: 58 13 App. 1 No. 15 ll. 2699f.: 95
12.274: 42 13 App. 1 No. 15 ll. 3032f.: 99
12.274.20: 42 14 App. 1 No. 4 l. 932: 86
12.274.25–26: 43 14 App. 1 No. 4 l. 1537: 71
12.274.34-35: 44 18.2.23: 87
12.279.24a: 92 18.2.25: 84
12.325.4: 44 Manusmr.ti (MaS)
12.330.42: 43 1.81: 65
12 App. 1 No. 28: 42 1.88: 105
12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 6–9: 42 2.17: 54
12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 23–24: 43 3.37–42: 104
12 App. 1 No. 28 ll. 23–48: 43 3.155: 95
12 App. 1 No. 28 l. 111: 44 3.172: 94
365
377
(378)
3.203–04: 79 4.103: 92
3.204: 79 4.104: 94–96
3.205: 79 Nr.sim
. hapurān
. a (NsP)
4.88–90: 81 65.11: 54
4.88: 86, 94–96
4.90: 84, 87 Pañcārthabhās.ya
4.205–06: 85 Kaun.d.inya ad PS
4.214: 99 1.1: 48, 71
5.31–32: 83 4.10: 48
5.34: 83 5.25: 77
8.16: 65 Parākhyatantra
8.89: 99 5.12, 17: 96
8.90: 74 5.12: 91, 92, 94
9.59–63: 106 5.14: 82
9.64–68: 106 5.15: 91, 96
9.154: 104 5.16cd: 94
9.181: 106 5.16: 86, 95
11.191: 99 5.20: 86
Mārkan.d.eyapurān.a (MkP) 5.26: 82
14.11: 82 5.27: 84
Mataṅgaparameśvara 5.29: 89
Vidyāpāda Pāśupatasūtra (PS)
23.79: 83 4.10: 48
Matsyapurān.a (MtP) 5.20: 105
13.31: 39 Purān.apañcalaks.an.a (PPL)
22.25,32: 53 57 vs. 27: 59
22.69: 54 134 vs. 78f.: 61
113.70–75: 46 162 vs. 47: 60
118.3ab: 68 163f.: 44
118.8cd: 68 199 vs. 57: 33
118.26c: 68 335.862 : 49
148.67–77: 65 549 vs. 95: 35
154.512: 88 550 v. 105: 36
157.4–6: 70
180.80–99: 31 Raghuvam . śa
180.82: 31 1.24: 99
180.83–87: 31 Rāmāyan.a (Rām.)
180.88: 31 1.42.6–7: 68
180.95–98: 32 3.31.9: 98
Meghadūta 6.22.28: 98
48: 54 6.105.7d: 65
50, 52, 53, 57, 58, 62: 68 7.12.6: 108
7.25.12a: 64
Niśvāsatattvasam. hitā (NiTS) 7.28–29: 108
Guhyasūtra 7.28.18: 108
4.46, 111: 82 7.29.28–29: 108
4.74c: 92 7.35.62cd: 75
4.119: 90 R
. gveda (R . V)
6.62ab: 46 1.23.19: 34
7.69–80: 46 1.84.13–15: 35
Niśvāsamukha 3.53.21–24: 35
4.99: 84 6.16.114: 35
366
378
(379)
7.99.7: 45 2.28b: 3
7.100.5–7: 45 4.1: 33
5.27–36: 33
Śatapatha-Brāhman.a (ŚBr) 5.59, 64: 44
1.6.1.1–8: 43 5.64: 33, 60
1.7.4: 43 6.10–13: 45
14.1.2.11: 65 9.8: 95
14.9.4.8: 77 9.12c: 71
14.9.4.26: 77 9.17–19: 49, 50
Saurapurān.a 9.23–24: 42
7.3–5: 55 10.6: 50
Śivadharmasam . graha 10.13–28: 41
4.9–10: 88 10.26–28: 34, 40
4.17–22: 82 10.26–38: 3
4.43ab: 85 10.28: 41, 56
4.49–60: 94 11.5–17: 9, 74
4.51: 94 11.9–10: 74
4.55cd–56: 87 11.12: 74
4.69, 74: 82 11.17: 75
4.72cd: 86 11.24–28: 49
4.75: 94 12.3: 88
4.81–82ab: 90 12.50ab: 74
4.88–97: 95 12.52d: 71
7.68: 92 13.33–38: 44
Śivadharmottara 13.36: 45, 50
7.752: 91 13.37: 50
7.754: 92 14.13: 95
7.765: 82 16.13c: 71
7.848: 92 16.14: 106
Śivapurān.a (ŚiP) 20–25: 4
Rudrasam . hitā 20.22–33: 106
2.32–37: 42 20.65: 75
2.38–39: 34 20.69d: 70
2.38.18–19: 36 21.2: 75
2.39.3d: 37 21.5b: 70
Umāsam . hitā 21.19: 44
8.29: 86 22.5ab: 72
Vāyavı̄yasam . hitā 22.7: 12
1.10.28–29: 59 22.20–21: 50
1.19.39: 41 23.48c: 73
1.19.41–42ab: 42 23.48: 60
1.20.16–17: 43 23.59: 45, 50
1.20.16–26, 21.19–20, 28, 33, 25.1: 71
37: 42 25.57d: 4
1.24–27: 66 25.57: 4
1.25.8–17, 26.1–23, 27.28–35: 26–31.14: 4
70 27.13d: 75
1.35: 70 27.42: 19
Skandapurān.a (SP) 28.60: 19
2: 3 29.9c: 61
2.7: 3 29.83d: 52
2.23a: 4 29.145b: 55
367
379
(380)
33.96: 71 32.48: 19, 44, 52

31–52: 3 32.50–52: 52
31.1–14: 4, 31 32.54: 52
31.3d: 31 32.55: 50
31.3: 31 32.61b: 44
31.6d: 31 32.65–112: 6
31.10–13: 32 32.66: 51
31.14cd: 32 32.67: 47
31.14: 4 32.76: 19, 46
31.15a: 4, 32 32.77: 19, 46
31.15d: 32 32.79a: 18
31.15: 4 32.80cd–84ab: 46
31.16: 4 32.82–84: 69
31.17: 55 32.83: 46
31.19–21: 4 32.84ab: 46
31.32–33: 49 32.84cd: 46
31.35ab: 17 32.85a: 46
31.36–33.136: 5 32.85: 19, 46
31.37: 18 32.87b, 89a, 91d, 95e: 47
31.39: 34 32.99: 51
31.40–46: 60 32.100: 57
31.41: 34 32.104: 52
31.43: 5 32.113–116: 12
31.46: 5 32.113–117: 7, 12
31.47: 44 32.117: 12
31.49–115: 5, 34 32.118–134: 7
31.50–51: 62 32.123: 44
31.54, 61: 37 32.129: 45
31.58b: 36 32.134–193: 7
31.72: 37 32.138: 52
32.78a: 46 32.140: 52
31.84cd: 37 32.148: 52
31.98b: 38 32.151–52: 54
31.101–02: 34 32.151: 52
31.101–102: 5 32.153: 52
31.102d: 70 32.159c: 55
31.105: 37 32.166b: 55, 56
32: 5, 6, 12, 19, 38 32.166cd–68: 55
32.1–22: 40 32.166d: 55
32.1: 41 32.169: 55
32.3: 56 32.171–176: 56
32.20cd: 41 32.178: 55
32.21: 57 32.181a: 57
32.23: 6, 44, 52 32.185: 55
32.26, 29–32, 35: 42 32.187: 55
32.26–41, 46–47: 42 32.188: 42
32.30–36: 6 32.192: 56
32.38–41: 42 32.193: 12
32.42, 46–47: 42 32.197–98: 48
32.46–48: 34, 60 32.199cd: 19, 58
32.47: 44 32.203: 58
32.48abcd: 44 33: 7, 19
368
380
(381)
33.1–27: 7 34.114d: 73
33.16a: 73 34.119: 60
33.22–27: 7 34.122: 14, 73
33.27: 34, 65 35–51: 9
33.29–134: 7 35: 8, 9
33.67ff.: 59 35.6–7: 74
33.69–71: 64 35.6b: 74
33.100–101: 12 35.8a: 18
33.111ab: 64 35.10cd: 74
33.111a: 64 35.11: 79
33.114: 19 35.15c: 75
33.116–129: 64 35.15: 75
33.116-117ab: 60 35.16: 102
33.116d: 65 35.25ab: 75
33.124ab: 65 35.25: 18
33.124c: 65 35.26ab: 72
33.125b: 66 35.27, 39: 76
33.134: 66 35.29: 18
34: 7 35.30: 75
34.1–61: 7 35.37b: 75
34.12c–f: 67 35.42: 76
34.18b: 67 35.52d: 18
34.19bcd: 67 36: 9
34.19c: 67 36.3: 77
34.19: 67 36.10cd: 77
34.20–21: 67 36.10d: 77
34.20ab: 67 36.18ab and cd: 77
34.20a: 67 36.18: 11, 77, 108, 110
34.21a: 67 36.27–49: 78
34.21b: 67 36.37ab: 78
34.21: 111 36.47cd: 79
34.24ab: 68 36.50–51: 75
34.24cd: 68 36.50d: 75
34.27c: 68 36.55: 75
34.31 and 39: 68 36.62: 14, 80
34.32–37: 46, 69 37–50: 9, 21
34.37ab: 46 37.3: 80
34.50: 68 37.4a: 80
34.62–122: 8 37.4: 21
34.62–52.127: 70 37.5–8: 98
34.66cd–67ab: 70 37.5: 84
34.67cd: 70 37.8: 97
34.68a: 70 37.16: 18
34.69d: 70 37.23–28ab: 82
34.70d: 70 37.24e: 82
34.74–109: 75 37.32: 84
34.74cd: 71 37.39: 82
34.80: 71 37.44: 82
34.86b: 31 37.45c: 83
34.86c: 71 37.59: 14, 84
34.88b: 18 38: 88
34.104a: 58 38.2b: 75
369
381
(382)
38.15c: 18 49.14b: 98
38.15d: 85 49.18–21: 98
38.18: 84 49.18ab: 98
38.21: 14, 85 49.18cd: 98
39.10: 14, 86 49.19–20: 98
40.4ab: 89 49.21ab: 98
40.10: 14, 87 49.21b: 99
41.8ab: 89 49.21: 93, 95
41.9: 89 49.23: 79, 99
41.19: 14, 88 50: 10, 11
42.8–11: 90 50.27a: 101
42.8b: 89 50.29b: 101
42.9d: 89 50.30a: 97
42.9: 89 50.33: 97
42.10–11: 90 50.35d–36: 101
42.10cd: 90 50.39: 18
42.10c: 89 50.43: 102
42.11: 84 51: 10, 11
41.17: 90 51.12: 75
42.17: 14 51.43: 103
43.5ab: 89 52.1–25: 8–11
43.10b: 91 52.6: 18
43.12a and c: 91 52.13: 19
43.12b and d: 91 52.26–131: 11
43.12: 14 52.26: 19, 105
44.2f: 91 52.34: 106
44.7b: 92 52.40: 106
44.11: 14, 92 52.67: 109
45.3d: 91 52.103: 107
45.8f: 93 52.104c: 75
45.11ab: 93 52.112: 11
45.11a: 93 52.115: 11, 110
45.11: 10, 93 52.118b: 110
45.15b: 93 52.118: 11
45.15: 14, 93 52.127: 11
46.8b: 94 52.128: 11, 70
46.9cd: 94 52.131: 15, 111
46.9: 18 53–55: 7
46.10b: 10 53–69: 7, 111
46.10: 93 53ff.: 70
46.11: 14, 95 53: 11
46.15: 18 54.1–7: 33
47.16: 14, 96 54.19: 33
47.13a: 96 54.29d: 75
48.10a: 97 54.32c: 64
48.10e: 93 55.21–23: 70
48.10: 18, 93 55.23: 8
48.11: 15, 97 56–57: 7, 11
49: 3 56.1–57.47: 9
49.5d: 98 57.19a: 71
49.9cd: 18 57.26ab: 74
49.10–28: 3 57.107: 15
370
382
(383)
58–59: 7 78.32a: 64
58.22: 50 78.64d: 65
60.1–13: 7 97.39: 65
60.14–21: 7 98.2a: 65
60.22–71: 7 98.2b: 66
60.72–132: 7 98.9b: 65
60.83: 49 98.20c: 65
61–68: 7 109.50: 68
62.59c: 71 111.16cd–19cd: 92
62.73–74: 33 111.76b: 65
63.28d: 64 111.78a: 65
66: 49 116.66: 62
66.22: 59 121.23–124.18: 49
67.18c: 56 122.71–74: 48
68.12–23: 49 122.79–80: 48
69: 7 126.39: 105
69.37–77: 68 127.58: 56
69.39ab: 72 128.20: 106
69.40cd: 67 128.44–46: 68
69.40: 8, 68 138.17: 45
69.53, 60–61: 69 148.35: 50
69.58: 68 158–62: 88
69.60: 68 158.10: 104
69.62: 68 158.33a: 92
69.68: 68 158.89d: 75
167: 32 159.9d: 69
Skandapurān.a (SPRA ) 162.50ab: 72
167.1.5: 68 172.59–66: 97
167.3.16–22: 50 175.30–34: 97
167.3.98a, 101c: 38 180.1–4: 48
167.4.5–7: 32 180.2cd–4ab: 48
167.4.10, 20: 39 180.33–36: 45
167.4.47: 65 182.2: 45
Skandapurān.a (SPS ) 183.1–40: 45
167.30–31: 68 183.10–11: 45
167.49–51: 67 183.13: 45
167.50: 68 183.20cd–22ab: 46
167.58: 42 183.23: 46
167.72: 68 183.25: 46
167.81: 39 183.49c: 52
167.115–116: 69 Skandapurān.a (SkP)
167.126–28: 95 Āvantyakhan.d.a
167.142c, 144a: 32 2.82.7cd–27cd: 40
167.172: 57 Kāśı̄khan.d.a
167.182: 52 1.32.152: 32
Skandapurān.a (SPBh ) Revākhan.d.a
70.51–54: 48 155.98: 82
70.54: 48 Suśrutasam . hitā (SuŚ)
71.49–53: 45 Sūtrasthāna
72.95: 95 46.67–71: 101
74.2: 56 Svacchandatantra
76.31: 61 10.46b: 82
371
383
(384)
Taittirı̄ya-Brāhman.a (TaiBr) Weltgebäude (Kirfel) (WG)

1.3.10.1–2: 79 7 vs. 6: 110
Taittirı̄ya-Sam. hitā (TaiSa) 16, 110, 133: 64
2.6.8.3: 43 104–06 vss. 68a–71b, 73–74: 46
7.1.5.1: 65 129 vss. 23–24, 131 vss. 40–41: 68
Tantrasadbhāva 135 vs. 78: 61
10.88: 82 191ff. vss. 4, 26: 89
Umāmaheśvarasam
. vāda Yajurveda
15.80: 83 Vājasaneyisam
. hitā (VS)
16: 45
Vāmanapurān.a (VmP)
12.6: 82
28.6–29: 66
28.14–21: 70
65.28d: 65
Varāhapurān.a (VarP)
126: 54
126.7: 52
126.14: 54
172.40: 88
Vāyupurān.a (VāP)
1.5.31: 59
1.23.183–86: 68
1.24.137: 95
1.30.103–107: 43
1.39.148, 169: 89
1.45.12–18: 46
1.45.14: 46
1.45.15ab: 46
1.47.72a: 46
2.39.146–49: 81
2.39.209–255: 45
2.39.235: 46
2.39.237cd–238: 46
Vis.n.udharma (VDh)
77.55d: 65
Vis.n.udharmottarapurān.a (VDhP)
1.226.20: 47
3.48.18: 65
3.297.13–15: 88
3.327.28ab: 74
Vis.n.usmr.ti (ViS)
45.25: 85
45.27: 85
85.11: 54
91.4: 88
Vr.ttaratnākara
2.12–14, 16–18: 13
2.15: 13
2.19: 14
2.20: 14
372
384

9789004277137

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

9789004277137

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

(1)

Published under the auspices of the J. Gonda Foundation

3 ' (PNCSJDI 0YGPSE t + )FFTUFSNBO -FJEFO

% 4IVMNBO +FSVTBMFN t + 8JMMJBNT #FSLFMFZ

The Great God and his vāhana, the Bull

The VƘhana and Naraka Cycles

Hans T. Bakker, Peter C. Bisschop, Yuko Yokochi

in cooperation with Nina Mirnig and Judit Törzsök

Photograph frontispiece: Courtesy Wikimedia Commons

This book has been realized thanks to the financial support of

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

After the publication of SP II A in 2004 and SP III in 2013, we are pleased

The publication of this volume and our research on the Skandapurān.a

Hans Bakker, Groningen

The Myth Cycles of Skandapurān.a 31–52 . . . . . . . . 3

Structure of the Contents of Chapters 31 to 52 . . . 27

Symbols and Abbreviations in the Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Bibliography & Indexes

The Myth Cycles of Skandapurān.a 31–52

1 In the synopsis of SP I it was tentatively suggested that kr.taghnākhyāna ‘The Story

Conclusion of the Vārān.ası̄ Cycle

included in SP II A as part of the Vārān.ası̄māhātmya, but we have in-

The Vāhana Cycle

7 The insertion of (short) Māhātmyas in the mythological narratives is a conspicuous

Introduction of the Vindhyavāsinı̄ Cycle and the story of Upamanyu

11 This includes a Māhātmya of the place Madhyama: SP 33.22–27.

The Naraka Cycle

14 The peak is later identiﬁed as Gaurı̄śikhara (SP 69.40).

35–51); it includes a description of the hells by his biological father, Suśa-

19 Van Put 2007, 205. See Synopsis, n. 280 on p. 81.

The story of Kās..thakūt.a and Śiva’s return to Mandara

his family, which is surrounded by an ocean of milk (Ks.ı̄roda) and can

The Dan.d.aka metre

Metres of the Vaitālı̄ya group

25 Piṅgala’s Chandah.śāstra 4.32–39; Jayadeva’s Jayadevachandas 4.15–20; Jayakı̄rti’s

pāda (˘ ˘ ˘˘, ˘ ˘ ˘ ). For Hemacandra, the same name represents

26 Piṅgala’s Chandah.śāstra 4.40; Jayadeva’s Jayadevachandas 4.22; Jayakı̄rti’s

SP 48.11: Viyoginı̄ (Vaitālı̄ya)

any substantial conclusion. 33

The transmission of the S recension

33 There is an obvious tendency in the manuscript transmission for a verse of rare

to receive support from the R and A recensions. In a number of cases these

550–650 The ﬁrst redaction of the Skandapurān.a

600–700 Origin of the hyparchetype of the S recension; bifurcation of this

600–810/11 Evolution of version α in Nepal

810/11 Copying of S1 from version α

600–850 Evolution of version β in North India

700–850 Transmission of version β to Nepal

800–850 Copying of S2 from version β

900–1000 Copying of S3/S4 from version β

excised 2 pādas found in all manuscripts except S1 on the assumption that

Manuscripts of the R and A recensions

41 See Synopsis, n. 376 on p. 104.

For the Ambikākhan.d.a (A) recension we currently have access to seven

Presentation of the critical apparatus

1 taddhita formation without vr.ddhi of the ﬁrst syllable.

– irregular periphrastic future: bhavitr. 31.106c, 33.25b; bhavitā with

Structure of the Contents of Chapters 31 to 52

1 SP 31.1–14: Conclusion of the Māhātmya of Vārān.ası̄ (end of the

2 SP 31.15–35: Intermezzo: From Vārān.ası̄ Śiva goes on his Bull to

3 SP 31.36–33.136: The Vāhana Cycle.

3.1 SP 31.36–32.199: The abrogation of Śiva’s vehicle Yajña (Sac-

© Hans Bakker, Peter Bisschop & Yuko Yokochi, 2014 | DOI:10.1163/9789004277137_003 27

28 Structure of the Contents

3 ' (PNCSJDI 0YGPSE t + )FFTUFSNBO -FJEFO

% 4IVMNBO +FSVTBMFN t + 8JMMJBNT #FSLFMFZ