Contents page of Self Learning Material (SLM)

POST GRADUATE PROGRAMME

(M.Sc., CHEMISTRY)

Academic support by

DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY

Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar,
Coimbatore – 641 114, TamilNadu, India
COURSE NO. 20CH3001
CHEMICAL KINETICS AND THERMODYANAMICS
CONTENTS

Unit 1 Topics
Lesson 1 Introduction
Lesson 2 Rate of recation
Lesson 3 Order and molecularity of reaction

Unit 2
Lesson 1 Zero order reaction
Lesson 2 Collision theory
Lesson 3 Pseudo first order reaction

Unit 3
Lesson 1 First order reaction
Lesson 2 Second order kinetics

Unit 4
Lesson 1 Chemical thermodynamics -Systems
Lesson 2 Thermodyanmic process
Lesson 3 Laws of Thermodynamics

Unit 5
Lesson 1 Relationship between cp and cv
Lesson 2 Born Haber cycle
Lesson 3 Gibbs free energy
COURSE NO. 20CH3002
Theories of Chemical Bonding
CONTENTS

Topics
UNIT 1
LESSON 1 Periodicity, Bronsted-Lowry Theory
LESSON 2 Lewis Theory – Measures of acid-base strength
LESSON 3 Hard and Soft acids and bases, Classification – Symbiosis,
Electronegativity and harness and softness
UNIT 2
LESSON 4 Protic and Aprotic solvents, Leveling Effect
LESSON 5 Reactions in Non-aqueous solvents, Liquid Ammonia
LESSON 6 Sulfuric acid & Hydrofluoric Acid, Sulfur dioxide, Dinitrogen
tetroxide
UNIT 3
LESSON 7 Lattice energy, Born Lande Equation
LESSON 8 Born Haber Cycle, Fajan‘s rule, Size effects, Factors affecting the
radii of ions

LESSON 9 Radius Ratio - Structures of Compounds of types AX – NaCl, CsCl,

ZnS, NiAs, Structures of type AX2 – CaF2, TiO Structures of type
ABX3 – Perovskite, Ilmenite –Crystal Systems – Defects

UNIT 4
LESSON 10 MO Theory of Diatomic Molecules – Delocalization – Resonance –
VB theory

LESSON 11 Electronegativity and MO Theory –Group Electronegativity –

LESSON 12 VSEPR Theory – Experimental determination of Molecular structure

– Berry pseudorotation – Ion-dipole Interaction – Hydrogen bonding
UNIT 5
LESSON 13 Ligands – Classification – Formation of Complexes –

LESSON 14 Bonding theories – Werner‘s theory – Sidgwick Theory

LESSON 15 VB Theory – Advantages and Defects –

Crystal Field Theory – Shapes of d orbitals – Assumptions - CFSE –
Measurement of 10Dq - Factors Affecting 10Dq – Spectrochemical
Series – Consequences – Merits and limitations of Crystal field theory
LESSON 16 MO Theory – sigma Bond and pi Bond

Reference Books
COURSE NO. 20CH3003
ORGANIC REACTION MECHANISM AND STEREOCHEMISTRY
CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1

LESSON 1 Electronic effect

LESSON 2 Reaction mechanism
LESSON 3 Aromaticity and Huckel’s rule

UNIT 2

LESSON 4 SN1 and SN2 reaction

LESSON 5 Neighbouring group participation
LESSON 6 Aromatic electrophilic substitution
UNIT 3

LESSON 7 Aromatic Nucleophilic substitution

LESSON 8 Benzyne mechanism
LESSON 9 E1 and E2 elimination

UNIT 4

LESSON 10 Cahn Ingold Prelog rule-R and S notation

LESSON 11 Enantiomers and diastereomers
LESSON 12 Conformers of cyclohexane

UNIT 5

LESSON 13 Asymmetric synthesis

LESSON 14 Crams Rule-asymmetric synthesis
LESSON 15 Problems
 COURSE NO. 20CH3017
Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1 Data Analysis

LESSON 1 Errors in chemical analysis - Mean, Median – Mode
LESSON 2 Accuracy and Precision Absolute and Relative Error
LESSON 3 Determinate errors and Indeterminate errors Improving accuracy of analysis
LESSON 4 Mean, standard deviation absolute and relative errors
LESSON 5 Covariance and coefficient correlation significant figures
LESSON 6 Q-test - Modern Instrumental Techniques

Unit 2. Analytical Chromatography

LESSON 7 Classification – techniques and applications in column,
LESSON 8 Ion exchange, Paper and Thin layer chromatography
LESSON 9 Gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography
LESSON 10 Principle Instrumentation and application.

Unit 3. Thermal Methods of Analysis

LESSON 11 Thermal Characterization techniques Principle and applications
LESSON 12 Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)
LESSON 13 Differentials Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
LESSON 14 Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA)
LESSON 15 Thermometric titration - Theory – Instrumentation – Applications

Unit 4. Microscopy methods of Analysis

LESSON 16 Atomic absorption Spectroscopy - Instrumentation – Applications
LESSON 17 X-ray Methods – Instrumentation –– Diffraction pattern –- Applications
LESSON 18 Crystal Tonograpy - Surface Characterization Techniques
LESSON 19 SEM & TEM

Unit 5. Chemical analysis in Chemical Industries

LESSON 20 Paint analysis & Glass Analysis
LESSON 21 Paper and Pulp Analysis & Water analysis
LESSON 22 Food analysis & Body Fluid analysis
LESSON 23 Chemical Sensors
 COURSE NO. 20CH3018
Chemistry of Non Transition Elements
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Unit I - Chemistry of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals:

Lesson 1 Periodic property, Synthesis of Crown ether and Cryptands,

Lesson 2 Application of Crown ethers in extraction of alkali and alkaline
Lesson 3 Compounds of Beryllium-Aqua and hydroxo complexes,
Lesson 4 Beryllium chloride, Carbonates, Carboxylates,
Lesson 5 Dimethylberyllium, Beryllium azide,

Unit II - Polymorphism and Allotropy:

Lesson 6 Allotropes of carbon-Fullerenes, Carbon nanotubes, Diamond,

Lesson 7 Graphite(synthesis, structure and applications); Allotropes of
Lesson 8 Phosphorus-Synthesis, Structure and Properties;
Lesson 9 Sulphur-Classification, Synthesis, Structure and Properties

Unit III - Chemistry of B and C Group Elements:

Lesson 10 Bonding, Preparation and Structure-Hydrides of boron,

Lesson 11 Oxoacids, Borates, Aminoboranes; Chemistry of Silicates;
Lesson 12 Organometallic Compounds of B, Al, Si, Sn, Pb, and Bi-Synthesis,

Unit IV - Chemistry of N,O, Halogen and Noble group Elements:

Lesson 13 Oxides and oxyacids of S, Se, Te and N Synthesis, Structures

Lesson 14 Interhalogens,Polyhalides, Pseudohalides- Synthesis
Lesson 15 Xenon compounds- Synthesis and Structure

Unit V - Compounds of Cluster, Cages, Chains and Rings:

Lesson 16 Hydroborane Clusters, Electron counting schemes: Effective

Lesson 17 Atomic Number (EAN) Rule – Wade–Mingos Rules, Styx numbers;
Lesson 18 P–S cages and P–O cages Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity;
Lesson 19 Phosphazenes and Poly Phosphazenes; Borazines and Poly
Lesson 20 Borazines; S-N polymer, Boron nitrides, Polysilanes, Silicones -
COURSE NO. 20CH3061
Entrepreneurship and Business Plan
CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1

LESSON 1 BASIC CHEMICAL STANDARDS AND ANALYTICAL STANDARDS

LESSON 2 REFERENCE MATERIALS AND SECONDARY STANDARDS
LESSON 3 BIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STANDARDS

UNIT 2

LESSON 4 QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND PLAN

LESSON 5 CONTROLS OF INSPECTION
LESSON 6 CONTROL OF QUALITY RECORDS

UNIT 3

LESSON 7 TRAINING LABORATORY ACCREDITATION

LESSON 8 PROFICIENCY TESTING SYSTEM
LESSON 9 CONFIDENTIALITY

UNIT 4

LESSON 10 BASICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ITS THEORY

LESSON 11 ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT
LESSON 12 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

UNIT 5

LESSON 13 CONCEPT OF PROJECTS

LESSON 14 PROJECT REPORTS
LESSON 15 INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY BASED ORGANIZATION
COURSE NO. 20CH3004
Statistical Thermodynamics and Quantum Chemistry
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1 - Statistical Thermodynamics – I

LESSON 1 CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY AND MAXWELL BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION

LESSON 2 BASIC DERIVATION – PROVE THAT β = 1/KT
LESSON 3 RELATIONSHIP ENTROPY AND THERMODYNAMIC PROBABILITY SYSTEMS
WITH DEGENERACY
LESSON 4 DEFINITIONS OF PARTITION FUNCTION – APPLICATIONS
LESSON 5 DERIVATIONS OF THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS FROM PARTITION
FUNCTION
LESSON 6 ENTROPY FOR MONOATOMIC GASES – SACKUR – TETRODE EQUATION
LESSON 7 THE BOSE – EINSTEIN’S SYSTEM – BASIS DERIVATION – FERMI – DIRAC
SYSTEM – BASIC DERIVATION – NEGATIVE KELVIN TEMPERATURE

UNIT 2 - Statistical Thermodynamics – II

LESSON 8 HEAT CAPACITY OF SOLIDS – DEBYE AND EINSTEIN MODELS

LESSON 9 THERMODYNAMICS FUNCTIONS OF IDEAL GASES, TRANSLATIONAL,
VIBRATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS
OF APPROXIMATION
LESSON 10 IRREVERSIBLE THERMODYNAMICS – THE STEADY – COUPLED FLOWS -
APPLICATION
LESSON 11 OVER POTENTIAL – DECOMPOSITION POTENTIAL
LESSON 12 ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER AND ELECTRO KINETIC PHENOMENA
LESSON 13 STRUCTURE OF ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER
LESSON 14 CAPACITY – E.K. PHENOMENOPN – STEAMING POTENTIAL
LESSON 15 ELECTRO DIALYSIS – THE DORN EFFECT

UNIT 3 – Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

LESSON 16 THE FAILURES OF CLASSICAL MECHANISM

LESSON 17 HEAT CAPACITIES – BLACK BODY RADIATION
LESSON 18 THE PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT – THE COMPTON EFFECT
LESSON 19 THE DIFFRACTION OF ELECTRONS
LESSON 20 WAVE PARTICLES DUALITY – dE BROGLIE EQUATION - PROBLEMS
LESSON 21 HYDROGEN SPECTRUM – UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE, PROBLEMS
LESSON 22 OPERATORS AND COMMUTATION RELATIONS -
LESSON 23 POSTULATES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
COURSE NO. 20CH3004

UNIT 4 – QUANTUM CHEMISTRY OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES

LESSON 24 SCHRODINGER EQUATION - DERIVATION

LESSON 25 FREE PARTICLE, PARTICLE IN ONE DIMENSIONAL BOX
LESSON 26 THREE DIMENSIONAL BOX
LESSON 27 HARMONIC OSCILLATOR
LESSON 28 RIGID ROTOR
LESSON 29 THE SCHORODINGER EQUATION FOR HYDROGEN ATOM
LESSON 30 ANGULAR MOMENTUM – SPIN, COUPLING OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
LESSON 31 SPIN – ORBIT COUPLING
LESSON 32 VARIATION AND PERTURBATION THEORY
LESSON 33 APPLICATION OF PERTURBATION / VARIATION THEOREMS TO GROUND
STATE OF HELIUM ATOM

UNIT 5 – QUANTUM CHEMISTRY OF BONDING

LESSON 34 ANTISYMMETRY AND PAULI’S EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE

LESSON 35 AUFBAU PRINCIPLE
LESSON 36 SLATER DETRIMENTAL WAVE FUNCTIONS
LESSON 37 TERM SYMBOLS AND SPECTROSCOPIC STATES
LESSON 38 BORN OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION
LESSON 39 LINEAR COMBINATION OF ATOMIC ORBITALS (LCAO), MO AND VB
TREATMENTS OF HYDROGEN MOLECULE
LESSON 40 HYBRIDIZATION
LESSON 41 HUCKEL THEORY OF LINEAR CONJUGATED SYSTEMS – ETHYLENE,
BUTADIENE
LESSON 42 CYCLIC SYSTEMS - CYCLOBUTANE
LESSON 43 WOOD-WARD HOFFMAN RULES
 COURSE NO. 20CH3005
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION ELEMENTS
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1 ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

LESSON 1 TERM SYMBOLS, TERMS GENERATED IN LIGAND FIELDS,

LESSON 2 ORGEL AND TANABE SUGANO DIAGRAM, JAHN-TELLER EFFECT,
CT SPECTRA
LESSON 3 MAGNETIC MOMENT , MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, QUENCHING

UNIT 2 ISOMERISM AND STABILITY OF COORDINATION COMPLEXES

LESSON 4 STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM – STEREOISOMERISM, COTTON EFFECT

LESSON 5 STEPWISEAND OVERALL STABILITY CONSTANT - IRWING WILLIAM SERIES
LESSON 6 FACTORS AFFECTING THE STABILITY CONSTANT, DETERMINATION OF
STABILITY CONSTANT

UNIT 3 SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS IN COORDINATION COMPLEXES

LESSON 7 LABILE AND INERT COMPLEXES - SUBSTITUTION IN OCTAHEDRAL

LESSON 8 SN1, SN2 AND SN1(CB) MECHANISM, ISOMERIZATION REACTIONS
LESSON 9 SUBSTITUTION IN SQUARE PLANAR COMPLEXES, TRANS EFFECT

UNIT 4 SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS IN COORDINATION COMPLEXES

LESSON 10 ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS IN COORDINATION COMPLEXES

LESSON 11 OUTER SPHERE ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTION - MARCUS THEORY
LESSON 12 INNERSPHERE REACTIONS ––NATURE OF BRIDGING LIGAND

UNIT 5 COMPOUNDS WITH METAL-METAL MULTIPLE BONDS

LESSON 13 THE ORIGIN OF σ, π, AND δ INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE d ORBITALS

ELECTRONIC SPECTRA
LESSON 14 TETRACARBOXYLATE COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM, TUNGSTEN,
RHODIUM AND RHENIUM COMPLEXES
LESSON 15 HALOGEN COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM, TUNGSTEN, RHODIUM AND
RHENIUM COMPLEXES
COURSE NO. 20CH3006

Principles of Molecular Spectroscopy

CONTENTS
Syllabus
UNIT 1 Electronic and Rotational Spectroscopy
Lesson 1 Molecular spectroscopy
Lesson 2 Electro-magnetic radiation
Lesson 3 Electromagnetic Spectrum
Lesson 4 Franck-Condon Principle
Lesson 5 Electronic Spectroscopy
Lesson 6 Rotational Spectroscopy
UNIT 2 Vibration and Raman spectroscopy
Lesson 7 Simple Harmonic oscillator
Lesson 8 Anharmonic (Morse) oscillator
Lesson 9 Vibrational Spectrum of Diatomic Molecules
Lesson 10 Infrared spectroscopy of of Polyatomic Molecules
Lesson 11 Factors influencing vibrational frequencies
Lesson 12 Raman Spectroscopy
Lesson 13 Mutual exclusion principle
UNIT 3 NMR and ESR spectrometry
Lesson 14 NMR spectroscopy- introduction
Lesson 15 Larmor frequency
Lesson 16 Chemical Shift
Lesson 17 ESR (EPR) Spectroscopy
UNIT 4 Mossbauer and Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Lesson 18 Mossbauer spectroscopy- introduction
Lesson 19 Isomer Shift
Lesson 20 Quadrupole Splitting
Lesson 21 Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES)
UNIT 5 Fluorescence spectroscopy
Lesson 22 Fluorescence spectroscopy- introduction
Lesson 23 Jablonski diagram

1
COURSE NO. 20CH3006

Lesson 25 Quantum Yield

Lesson 26 Fluorescence Quenching
Lesson 27 Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)

2
COURSE NO. 20CH3007
Synthetic Reagents and Methodology
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1 ORGANOMETALLICS IN COUPLING REACTIONS

LESSON 1 COUPLING REACTIONS

LESSON 2 OXIDATIVE ADDITION
LESSON 3 NAMING REACTIONS
UNIT 2 REAGENTS FOR OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

LESSON 4 REAGENTS FOR OXIDATION AND REDUCTION

LESSON 5 REDUCING AGENTS
LESSON 6 NAMING REACTIONS BASED ON OXIDATIONA ND
REDUCTION

UNIT 3 MODERN SYNTHETIC REAGENTS AND

MULTICOMPONENT REACTION
LESSON 7 SYNTHETIC REAGENTS
LESSON 8 NAMING REACTIONS

UNIT 4 MOLECULAR REARRANGEMENT

LESSON 9 INTRODUCTION AND TYPES OF

REARRANGEMENTS
LESSON 10 CARBOCATION INDUCED ALKYL AND HYDRIDE
SHIFT
LESSON 11 NUCELOPHILIC REARRANGEMENTS TO CARBON

UNIT 5 RETEROSYNTHESIS THE DISCONNETION

APPROACH
LESSON 12 TERMINOLOGIES IN RETEROSYNTHESIS
LESSON 13 ONE GROUP AND TWO GROUP DISCONNECTION
LESSON 14 PROTECTING GROUPS AND CYCLISATION
 COURSE NO. 20CH3017
Nuclear Chemsitry and Solid State Chemistry
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

PREFACE

UNIT 1 Nuclear Chemistry - I

LESSON 1 Nuclear Stability – Nuclear Fission – Nuclear Fusion

LESSON 2 Nuclear models – Shell model – Liquid drop model
LESSON 3 The tunnel effect - Beta decay – Types of beta decay
LESSON 4 Elastic and inelastic scattering –Cross section - Q value – Transuraniens
LESSON 5 Radioactive capture - Evaporation and spallation
LESSON 6 Buckshot hypothesis - Thermonuclear reactions

Unit 2. Nuclear Chemistry - II

LESSON 7 Breeder reactor – Counting techniques: G.M., Ionization and Proportional counter
LESSON 8 Esterification – Friedal Craft’s reaction - Solubility of sparingly soluble substance
LESSON 9 Carbon dating – Thyroiditis - Assessing the volume of blood in a patient
LESSON 10 Optimum use of fertilizers - Control of predatory insects

Unit 3. Solid State Chemistry – I

LESSON 11 Conductivity in ionic solids - Band theory of solids -metals and their properties
LESSON 12 Hall effect; thermoelectric effects (Thomson, Peltier and Seebeck); insulators
LESSON 13 Superconductivity - Magnetic properties: Dia, para, ferro, ferri, magnetic types
LESSON 14 spinels, garnets and perovskites, hexaferrites
LESSON 15 transition metal compounds; magnetoresistance.

Unit 4. Solid State Chemistry – II

LESSON 16 Preparative methods: Solid state reactions, Chemical Precursor methods

LESSON 17 ion exchange reactions, intercalation/deintercalation reactions
LESSON 18 Types of solid-state reactions - Powder x-ray diffraction
LESSON 19 Systematic absences, Structure factor

Unit 5. Nanomaterials and Coordination Polymers

LESSON 20 Nanomaterials – Classification based on dimension - Types – synthesis

LESSON 21 Top down – High energy Ball milling – microfabrication
LESSON 22 Characterization of nanomaterials – Introduction to XRD, SEM and TEM
LESSON 23 Applications – Coordination polymers – classification - examples-Applications
 17VE 3002 VALUE EDUCATION

Contents

AC.NO TOPIC ACTIVITY

To help students as global citizens through Library
1 Global & currents issues in India
research, group discussions
To make the students understand, realize and to take part
2. Exposure visit in the needs, problems, and other challenges of People
living near to them through an Exposure trip (Field Visit)
Study about inventions &
3. innovations in their study Paper presentations
programs
To help the students to identify their life mission through
4. Identifying life mission
Individual projects
life mission and personal To help the students to face the personal challenges in
5.
challenges their life mission through group activities
To help the students to maintain a proper work life balance
6. Balancing work and family
through Debates
To help the students to maintain the emotional stability
7. Emotional stability
through Case studies, Work sheets
To stress the importance of accountability through work
8. Accountability
sheets
To understand the importance of healthy relationships
9. Healthy relationships
through poster presentations
To help the students to maintain purity through group
10. love, sex, marriage
discussions & activities
To emphasize the importance of servant leadership through
11. servant leadership
role plays
To create loyal students for the nation through social
12. loyalty towards nation
videos & motivational talk