Part Effects

1. Lids 1. Ecchymosis (black eye)

2. Surgical emphysema
3. Traumatic ptosis (mechanical or due to injury to levator ot its nerve)
4. Epiphora
5. Contused wounds (horizontal less scarring or vertical scarring)
6. Lacerations
7. Lid coloboma
8. Cicatricial ectropion

9. Orbit 1. Retrobulbar hemorrhage (traumatic proptosis)

2. Wall fracture (blow out fracture)
3. Traumatic enophthalmos
10. Conjunctiva 1. Laceration
2. Subconjunctival hemorrhage (from local trauma or from fracture of the base of the
skull or intracranial hemorrhage “in this case, it will be triangular in shape with its
apex toward the cornea)
11. Sclera 1. Rupture (rupture of the globe) with or without uveal prolapse
2. Lamellar laceration
12. Cornea 1. Corneal abrasion
2. Deep corneal opacity, corneal edema, rupture of Descemet membrane
3. Corneal staining (secondary to hyphema for 7 days or more)
4. Corneal rupture with or without iris prolapse
13. AC 1. Hyphema
a. Secondary open angle glaucoma
b. Iridocyclitis
c. Staining of the cornea
2. Anterior dislocation of the lens
14. Iris 1. Traumatic miosis or mydriasis (iridoplegia)
2. Iris laceration
3. Iridodialysis
4. Iridodonesis
5. Iridocyclitis
15. Lens 1. Vossius ring
2. Traumatic cataract (usually rosette-shaped)
3. Subluxation
4. Dislocation (mostly posterior)
16. Vitreous 1. Vitreous hemorrhage
2. Vitreous detachment
3. Pigmentary opacities
17. Retina 1. Retinal edema (commotio retinae, Berlin edema) with cherry red spot at the fovea if
the macula is involved
2. Retinal hemorrhage
3. Retinal tears (retinal dialysis “retinal tear at the ora serrata” or equatorial breaks)
4. Retinal detachment
18. Choroid 1. Choroidal rupture (white crescent vertical line concentric with the optic disc and with
pigmented edges)
2. Choroidal neovascularization (uncommon)
3. Choroidal hemorrhage (subretinal or subchoroidal)
4. Choroidal detachment (rare)
19. Optic nerve 1. Optic nerve avulsion> sudden loss of vision