Is 804 2007 1.2.4.2 Punching A punched hole shall be permitted only in material whose yield stress (f) does not exceed 360 MPa and where thickness does not exceed (5 600/,) mm. In cyclically loaded details, punching shall be avoided in plates with thickness greater than 12 mm, For greater thickness and cyclically loaded details, holes shall be either drilled from the solid or sub- punched or sub-drilled and reamed. The die for all sub-punched holes or the drill for all sub-drilled holes shall be at least 3 mm smaller than the required diameter of finished hole. 17.2.4.3 Oversize holes A special plate washer of minimum thickness 4 mm shall be used under the nut, if the hole diameter is larger than the bolt diameter by 3 mm or more. Oversize hole shall not exceed 1.25d or (d48) min in diameter, were d is the nominal bolt diameter, in mm. A short slotted hole shall not exceed the appropriate hole size in width and 1.33din length. A long slotted hole shall not exceed the appropriate hole size in width and 2.5d in length, Ifthe slot length i larger than those specified, shear transfer in the direction of slot is not admissible even in friction type of connection, Slotted holes shall be punched either in one operation or else formed by punching or drilling two round holes apart and completed by high quality mechanically controlled flame cutting and dressing to ensure that bolt can freely travel the full length of the slot. 17.2.4.4 Fined bolt holes Holes for tuned and fitted bolts shall be drilled to a aiameter equal to the nominal diameter ot the shank or barrel subject to tolerance specified in IS 919 (Parts and 2), Preferably, parts to be connected with close tolerance or barrel bolts shall be firmly held together by tacking bolts or clamps and the holes drilled through all the thicknesses at one operation and subsequently reamed to size. All holes not drilled through all thicknesses at one operation shall be drilled toa smaller size and reamed out after assembly. Where this is not practicable, the parts shall be drilled and reamed separately through hard bushed steel jigs. 17.2.4.5 Holes for rivets or bolts shall not be formed generally by gas cutting process. However, advanced ‘gas cutting processes such as plasma cutting may be used to make holes in statically loaded members only. In cyclically loaded members subjected to tensile siresses which are vulnerable under fatigue, gas cutting shall not be used unless subsequent reaming is done to remove the material in the heat affected zone around the hole 17.3 Assembly Al parts of bolted members shall be pinned or bolted and rigidly held together during assembly. ‘The component parts shall be assembled and aligned in such a manner that they are neither twisted nor otherwise damaged, and shall be so prepared that the specified camber, if any, is provided. 17.3.1 Holes in Assembly When holes are drilled in one operation through two ‘or more separable parts these parts, when so specified by the engineer, shall be separated after drilling and the burrs removed. ‘Matching holes for rivets and black bolts shall register with each other so that a gauge of 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm {as the case may be, depending on whether the diameter of the rivet or bolt is less than or more than 25 mm) less in diameter than the diameter of the hole will pass freely through the assembled members in the direction at right angle to such members. Drilling done during assembly to align holes shail not distort the metal or enlarge the holes. Holes in adjacent part shall match sufficiently well to permit easy entry of bolts. If necessary, holes except oversize or slotted holes may be enlarged to admit bolts, by moderate amount of reaming, 17.3.2 Thread Length ‘When design is based on bolts with unthreaded shanks in the shear plane, appropriate measures shall be specified to ensure that, after allowing for tolerance, ther the threads nor the thread run-out be in the shear plane. ‘The length of bolt shall be such that at least one clear thread shows above the nut and at least one thread plus the thread run out is clear beneath the nut after tightening. One washer shall be provided under the rotated part. 17.3.3 Assembly Subjected to Vibration When non-preloaded bolts are used in a structure subject to vibration, the nuts shall be secured by locking devices or other mechanical means. The nuts of preloaded bolts may be assumed to be sufficiently secured by the normal tightening procedure. 17.3.4 Washers Washers are not normally required on non-preloaded bolts, unless specified otherwise. Tapered washers shall be used where the surface is inclined at more than 3"to a plane perpendicular to the bolt axis. ‘Hardened washer shall be used for preloaded bolts or {he nut, whichever is be rotated.