HSE Knowledge

Occupational health & safety
naeem.akbar@gmail.com; +971-503178766
Occupational Health & Safety
Application of ALADAA/OSHAD in the project
 NOMINATION/SELF-REGULATION
 DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT AN OHS POLICY
 DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT OSH MS
 IDENTIFY HAZARDS AND ASSESS RISKS
 ESTABLISH SAFETY OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS
 TRAINING AND COMPETENCY
 INCIDENT REPORTING AND INVESTIGATION
 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
 SITE SAFETY INSPECTIONS
 COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION
 CONTRACTOR MANAGEMENT
 CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT
 INSPECTIONS AND AUDITS
 CERTIFICATION AND EXTERNAL AUDITS
 RECORDKEEPING AND REPORTING TO OSHAD/ALADAA
CRITICAL DEVICES OF A MOBILE CRANE

LOAD MOMENT INDICATOR (LMI):
Continuously monitors crane's lifting conditions
Provides real-time feedback to the operator
Measures load weight, boom length, boom angle, and load radius for ensure safe working limits
If crane approaches or exceeds its capacity, the LMI will trigger visual and audible warnings to alert the
operator
ANTI-TWO BLOCK SYSTEM (ATB): The Anti-Two Block system is designed to prevent a dangerous condition
known as two-blocking. Two-blocking occurs when the hook block or load block contacts the boom tip, leading
to potentially catastrophic damage to the crane and rigging. The ATB system uses sensors to detect the
position of the hook block and boom tip, automatically stopping the hoisting operation before two-blocking
can occur.
OUTRIGGER INTERLOCKS: Mobile cranes are equipped with outriggers or stabilizers to provide stability during
lifting operations. Outrigger interlocks are safety devices that prevent the crane from operating unless the
outriggers are fully extended and properly positioned. They ensure that the crane is adequately stabilized
before lifting any loads.
OVERLOAD PROTECTION SYSTEM: An overload protection system is a safety feature that monitors the load
being lifted by the crane. It ensures that the crane's lifting capacity is not exceeded, protecting the crane and
its components from potential damage. The system may include load sensors, pressure transducers, or load
cells to accurately measure the load and prevent overloading situations.
BOOM ANGLE INDICATOR: The boom angle indicator provides the crane operator with visual information
about the angle of the boom. This is crucial for safe crane operation, as exceeding the recommended boom
angle can reduce the crane's lifting capacity and compromise stability. The boom angle indicator helps the
operator maintain the correct boom angle during lifting operations.
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LIMIT SWITCHES: Limit switches are used to restrict crane movements within safe limits. They can be set to
stop crane movements automatically when certain parameters, such as maximum or minimum boom angle,
are reached, helping to prevent potential accidents.
EMERGENCY STOP BUTTON: An emergency stop button is a safety feature that allows the crane operator or
any worker in the vicinity to quickly stop crane operations in case of an emergency or unsafe condition.
PROCEDURE FOR INSTALLING AN ELECTRICAL DB, THE LIFE-SAVING DEVICES AND PERIODIC TESTING
PROCEDURES TO ENSURE SAFE OPERATION IN THE WORKPLACE
Installing an electrical distribution board (DB) in the workplace involves careful planning, adherence to safety
standards, and compliance with local regulations. Below is a step-by-step procedure for installing an electrical
DB along with life-saving devices and periodic testing procedures to ensure safe operation:
PLANNING AND DESIGN:

 Electrical load requirements to determine the size and capacity of the DB
 Design the layout of the DB wrt number of circuits, types of protective devices & cable management
 Single line diagram
OBTAIN NECESSARY PERMITS:
 Ensure that all required permits and approvals are obtained from local authorities before commencing the
installation.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:
 Before starting any work, ensure that the power to the area is switched off and locked out to prevent
accidental energization.
 Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as insulated gloves, safety glasses, and
appropriate clothing.
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE:
 Mount the DB securely on a non-combustible and stable surface, ensuring proper ventilation and adequate
working space around it.
 Install the appropriate circuit breakers, residual current devices (RCDs), and other protective devices in the
DB.
 Connect the incoming power supply cables to the main switch or circuit breaker.
 Route the outgoing circuits from the DB to the respective areas or equipment that require electrical supply.
 Properly label all circuits and devices for easy identification and maintenance.
LIFE-SAVING DEVICES IN THE ELECTRICAL DB:
 Residual Current Devices (RCDs) or Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs): These devices detect small
leakages of current to the ground and quickly disconnect the power supply to prevent electric shock.
 Circuit Breakers: Circuit breakers protect the electrical circuits from over-currents and short circuits,
preventing potential fire hazards.
 Surge Protection Devices: Surge protectors safeguard sensitive electronic equipment from power surges
caused by lightning strikes or other electrical disturbances.
PERIODIC TESTING PROCEDURES:

 Regular Inspection: Conduct routine visual inspections of the electrical DB to check for signs of damage,
wear, or loose connections.
 Load Testing: Periodically test the electrical DB under its maximum load conditions to ensure it can handle
the required electrical demand without overheating or malfunctioning.
 RCD/GFCI Testing: Test the RCDs or GFCIs regularly to verify their proper functioning and sensitivity.
 Circuit Breaker Testing: Perform trip time testing on circuit breakers to ensure they respond appropriately
to overcurrent conditions.
MAINTENANCE AND RECORDKEEPING:

 Establish a maintenance schedule for the electrical DB and keep detailed records of all maintenance
activities, inspections, and testing results.
 Ensure that any identified issues or defects are promptly addressed and rectified.
TRAINING AND AWARENESS:

 Provide appropriate training to personnel working with or around the electrical DB to ensure they
understand its operation, safety features, and emergency procedures.
Question: What is the difference between circuit breaker, RCD & Isolator?
Circuit Breaker, RCD (Residual Current Device), and Isolator are three different electrical devices used for
various purposes in electrical systems. Here are the key differences between them:
CIRCUIT BREAKER: A circuit breaker is a protective device used to automatically interrupt the flow of electrical
current in a circuit when an overload or short circuit occurs. It is designed to protect the electrical circuit and
connected devices from damage due to excessive current. Circuit breakers come in different types, including
miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) for residential applications and molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs) for
commercial and industrial use. They typically provide protection against over-currents and short circuits.
Key features of circuit breakers:

• Responds to overloads and short circuits to interrupt the current flow.
• Can be manually reset after tripping.
• Does not provide protection against electric shock to humans.
RCD (RESIDUAL CURRENT DEVICE): An RCD, also known as a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) in some
regions, is a life-saving device that quickly disconnects the electrical circuit when it detects a leakage or
imbalance of current between the live and neutral conductors. It is primarily designed to protect humans from
electric shock caused by accidental contact with live parts or faulty equipment. RCDs monitor the current
flowing in the circuit and will trip if there is a difference between the current going out through the live
conductor and returning through the neutral conductor.
Key features of RCDs:

• Provides protection against electric shock due to ground faults and leakages.
• Trips rapidly in case of a fault, disconnecting the power supply.
• Requires periodic testing to ensure proper functionality.
ISOLATOR (SWITCH-DISCONNECTOR): An isolator is a manually operated switch used to physically disconnect

an electrical circuit from the power source. It is primarily used for isolation purposes, allowing maintenance or
repair work to be carried out safely without the risk of electric shock. Isolators are typically used as an added
safety measure along with circuit breakers or RCDs, ensuring that the circuit is de-energized before any work is
performed.
Key features of isolators:

• Manually operated switch for isolating circuits from the power supply.
• Does not provide overload or short circuit protection.
• Used for maintenance or repair purposes to ensure the circuit is de-energized.
In summary, circuit breakers protect against overloads and short circuits, RCDs protect against electric shock
due to ground faults, and isolators are used to physically isolate a circuit from the power supply for

maintenance or repair work. All three devices serve distinct safety functions in electrical systems, and
depending on the application, they may be used individually or in combination for comprehensive electrical
protection.
Question: What is flash point, fire point & auto ignition?

FLASH POINT: The flash point of a substance is the lowest temperature at which its vapors will ignite and
briefly produce a flame when exposed to an open flame or a source of ignition under specific test conditions.
However, the flame will not sustain itself once the ignition source is removed. The flash point is a critical safety
parameter, especially for liquids and volatile materials, as it indicates the lowest temperature at which a
substance's vapors can ignite and pose a fire risk.
FIRE POINT: The fire point is the temperature at which the vapors of a substance will ignite and sustain a flame
continuously when exposed to an open flame or a source of ignition under specific test conditions. Unlike the
flash point, the fire point indicates the temperature at which the flame will continue to burn even after the
ignition source is removed. The fire point is typically higher than the flash point for most substances.
AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE (AUTO-IGNITION POINT): The auto-ignition temperature is the minimum

temperature at which a substance can spontaneously ignite in the absence of any external ignition source, such
as an open flame or spark. When the substance reaches this temperature, it will ignite by itself due to the heat
generated by exothermic reactions or high ambient temperatures. The auto-ignition temperature is usually
higher than both the flash point and the fire point and is a critical parameter for assessing the self-ignition risk
of materials.
Question: What are LEL and UEL?

LEL and UEL stand for Lower Explosive Limit and Upper Explosive Limit, respectively. They are two critical
parameters used to define the flammability range of a combustible gas or vapor in the air. These limits help
determine the conditions under which the gas or vapor can form a flammable mixture with the surrounding air
and become potentially explosive.
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL): The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) is the minimum concentration of a gas or vapor
in the air below which it is too lean to ignite and support combustion. If the concentration of the gas or vapor
falls below the LEL, the mixture does not contain enough of the combustible substance to sustain a flame, and
it is too "lean" to burn. Therefore, the LEL defines the lower boundary of the flammable range. Below the LEL,
the atmosphere is considered non-flammable.
UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (UEL): The Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) is the maximum concentration of a gas or
vapor in the air above which it is too rich to ignite and sustain combustion. If the concentration of the gas or
vapor exceeds the UEL, the mixture is too "rich" to burn efficiently, and there is insufficient oxygen to support
combustion. Therefore, the UEL defines the upper boundary of the flammable range. Above the UEL, the
atmosphere is also considered non-flammable.
FLAMMABLE RANGE: The flammable range, also known as the explosive range, is the range of concentrations
between the LEL and the UEL within which a gas or vapor can form a flammable mixture with air. In this range,
the mixture contains the right proportion of the combustible substance and oxygen to support combustion if
an ignition source is present. The flammable range is typically expressed as a percentage by volume of the gas
or vapor in the air.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS: Understanding the LEL and UEL is crucial for safety in industries dealing with
flammable gases or vapors. Operating equipment or processes within the flammable range can lead to
potential explosions if an ignition source is present. Therefore, it is essential to monitor gas concentrations and
maintain them below the LEL and above the UEL to prevent the formation of flammable mixtures.

Safety measures, such as gas detection systems and ventilation, are commonly employed to keep gas
concentrations within safe limits and prevent potential fire and explosion hazards.
Question: Specify the procedures you will take to establish a project-specific policy & OSH plan?
Establishing a project-specific Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) policy and plan is crucial to ensure the
safety and well-being of all individuals involved in the project. Here are the procedures to follow for developing
a comprehensive project-specific OSH policy and plan:
CONDUCT A RISK ASSESSMENT

SET SAFETY OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS
APPOINT A SAFETY MANAGER OR SAFETY TEAM
DEVELOP THE OSH POLICY
INVOLVE STAKEHOLDERS
DEFINE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
ESTABLISH SAFE WORK PROCEDURES
PROVIDE SAFETY TRAINING
IMPLEMENT INCIDENT REPORTING AND INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
MONITOR AND REVIEW
DOCUMENT AND COMMUNICATE
Question: What essential factors must be taken into account before a tower crane is installed in
close proximity to high-voltage overhead lines? Tell us about recent ADM Circular for tower cranes?
Before installing a tower crane in close proximity to high-voltage overhead lines, several essential factors must
be carefully considered to ensure safety and compliance with regulations. These factors include:
SAFETY CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS

VOLTAGE LEVEL OF THE POWER LINES AND THE CRANE'S HEIGHT AND REACH
RISK ASSESSMENT
OBTAIN NECESSARY PERMITS AND APPROVALS
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL AND TRAINING
PRE-INSTALLATION INSPECTION: Conduct a pre-installation inspection of the area to assess the ground
conditions, stability, and accessibility. Ensure that the ground can support the crane's weight and that there are
no obstructions that may interfere with crane operations.
IMPLEMENT SAFETY MEASURES: Implement safety measures to prevent accidental contact with high-voltage
lines. This may include using tag lines to control load movement, implementing exclusion zones around the
power lines, and marking the crane's working area clearly.
MITIGATION MEASURES: Consider additional mitigation measures to minimize the risk of accidental contact
with high-voltage lines. These may include using non-conductive rigging, installing proximity warning devices,
or employing a dedicated spotter to monitor crane movements near the power lines.
COMMUNICATION WITH POWER UTILITY COMPANIES: Establish clear communication channels with the local
power utility companies to inform them of the crane's presence and ensure coordination in case of emergency.
WEATHER MONITORING
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN: Develop and communicate an emergency response plan in case of an incident
involving the crane and high-voltage lines. Ensure that all personnel are aware of the procedures to follow in
case of an emergency.
Question: Explain the distinction between Medical screening and Occupational Health Surveillance
in accordance with COP 5.0?

MEDICAL SCREENING: Medical screening involves a systematic process of assessing the health status of
individual workers to identify any existing medical conditions or risk factors that may be relevant to their ability
to perform specific job tasks or to work in particular environments. The primary objectives of medical screening
are as follows:
 Pre-Employment Screening
 Baseline for health state of employees
 Fitness for Duty
 Identifying Health Risks for specific tasks before start of any hazardous work
Medical screening is typically conducted by qualified healthcare professionals and may involve medical history
reviews, physical examinations, laboratory tests, and other diagnostic procedures. The focus is on the
individual's health status and any specific risks that may affect their work.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEILLANCE: Occupational health surveillance is a systematic and ongoing process
of monitoring the health and well-being of a group of workers exposed to specific workplace hazards or risks.
The primary objectives of occupational health surveillance are as follows:
 Early Detection of Health Issues for workers exposed to different health risks
 Provides data to assess the impact of occupational exposures on the health of workers
 Identification of Occupational Diseases related to activities like hearing loss of airborne contamination
 Developing/improving Health and Safety Measures like OSH policies, risk assessments etc.
Occupational health surveillance involves the collection and analysis of health-related data from a group of
workers and is often a collaborative effort between employers, occupational health professionals, and
regulatory authorities. It may include medical examinations, health questionnaires, biological monitoring, and
data analysis.
In summary,
 Medical screening focuses on individual employees and aims to assess their fitness for specific job tasks
and to identify health conditions that may affect their work.
 Occupational health surveillance, on the other hand, is a collective process that monitors the health of
groups of workers exposed to specific workplace hazards to detect trends, assess risks, and inform
preventive measures at a broader level.
Question: List 10 hazards & risks associated with pilling activity?

Piling activity involves the installation of deep foundation elements, such as piles or caissons, into the ground
to support heavy structures like buildings and bridges. This construction process presents various hazards and
risks that need careful consideration to ensure worker safety and project success. Here are ten hazards and
risks associated with piling activity:
EXCAVATION HAZARDS - FALLING OBJECTS - NOISE EXPOSURE – VIBRATION - STRUCTURAL INSTABILITY -

CONFINED SPACES - STRUCK-BY HAZARDS - ELECTRICAL HAZARDS - COLLAPSE OF PILING STRUCTURE
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Question: Define EIA and list six aspects and impacts pertinent to the villa development project?
As per ISO 14001, the internationally recognized standard for Environmental Management Systems (EMS), the
terms "environmental impact" and "environmental aspect" are defined as follows:

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Environmental impact refers to any change to the environment, whether adverse
or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization's activities, products, or services. These impacts
can be related to various environmental aspects, such as air emissions, water discharges, waste generation,
energy consumption, or natural resource use. ISO 14001 requires organizations to identify, assess, and control
their significant environmental impacts to minimize their negative effects on the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT: Environmental aspects are elements of an organization's activities, products, or

services that interact with the environment. They can be either direct or indirect and have the potential to
cause environmental impacts. Examples of environmental aspects include emissions of pollutants,
consumption of resources, waste generation, and any other interactions with the environment. ISO 14001
mandates that organizations identify and evaluate their environmental aspects to prioritize and manage them
effectively in line with their environmental policy and objectives.
In summary, environmental aspects are the specific elements of an organization's operations that interact with
the environment, while environmental impacts are the outcomes or effects resulting from these interactions.
ISO 14001 encourages organizations to assess and manage their environmental aspects to mitigate negative
impacts and improve their environmental performance.
Environmental aspects and impacts related to villa construction projects in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
may vary based on the specific location and environmental context. However, some common environmental
aspects and impacts relevant to villa construction projects in the UAE include:
HABITAT DESTRUCTION: Villa construction projects may lead to habitat loss and impact local biodiversity,
including plant and animal species unique to the region.
DEFORESTATION AND LAND USE CHANGE: Deforestation for construction contributes to climate change,
reduces carbon sequestration, and can lead to soil erosion and increased flood risks.
SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION: Construction activities lead to disturbing the soil, leading to erosion
further leading to sedimentation in nearby water bodies, harming aquatic ecosystems and reducing water
quality.
WATER CONSUMPTION AND SCARCITY
WATER POLLUTION AND RUNOFF: During construction, various pollutants like cement, paints, and chemicals
can be washed off by rainwater, resulting in storm-water runoff that may contaminate local waterways.
AIR POLLUTION AND DUST GENERATION
WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT
ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT: The development of villa projects in urban areas can contribute to the urban
heat island effect, where increased construction and reduced vegetation lead to higher temperatures in cities
compared to surrounding rural areas.
To mitigate these environmental impacts, villa construction projects should adopt sustainable practices and
consider the following measures:
 Conducting Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) to identify potential impacts and propose
appropriate mitigation measures.
 Adhering to sustainable building practices and green building standards to minimize resource consumption
and promote energy efficiency.
 Using eco-friendly construction materials and practices that have lower environmental footprints.
 Implementing erosion control measures to prevent soil erosion and sedimentation during construction.
 Implementing effective dust control measures during construction to reduce airborne particulate matter
and air pollution.
 Installing proper sediment and erosion control measures to prevent pollution of nearby water bodies.
 Promoting water-efficient landscaping and incorporating rainwater harvesting systems to reduce water
consumption.
 Promoting water-efficient landscaping and utilizing technologies like drip irrigation to conserve water.
 By adopting sustainable construction practices and responsible environmental management, villa
construction projects can minimize their ecological footprint and contribute to the conservation of the
surrounding environment.
 Integrating renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions during the
operational phase.
 Adopting responsible waste management practices, including recycling and reuse of construction
materials.
By adopting environmentally responsible practices, villa construction projects in the UAE can contribute to
sustainable development and minimize their impact on the unique environment of the region.
Question: Describe about NDT test specific of mobile crane aged above 10 years?
NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) is a crucial process used to assess the structural integrity and safety of
equipment such as mobile cranes, especially those that are aged above 10 years. As cranes age, their
components can experience wear and tear, fatigue, and corrosion, making NDT essential in identifying
potential defects and ensuring continued safe operation.
Here are some specific NDT tests commonly performed on mobile cranes aged above 10 years:
Ultrasonic Testing (UT): UT uses high-frequency sound waves to detect flaws within the crane's structural
components, such as welds, plates, and bolts. It helps identify cracks, voids, and other defects that may affect
the crane's load-bearing capacity.
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT): MT is used to detect surface and near-surface defects in ferromagnetic
materials. It involves the application of a magnetic field and magnetic particles to reveal defects like cracks and
discontinuities.
Dye Penetrant Testing (PT): PT is used to detect surface-breaking defects in non-porous materials. A dye
penetrant is applied to the surface, and after a short dwell time, excess dye is removed, and a developer is
applied to draw out any penetrant trapped in surface defects.
Radiographic Testing (RT): RT employs X-rays or gamma rays to inspect the internal structure of critical
components. It can detect hidden defects like internal cracks or corrosion.
Visual Inspection (VT): Though not a traditional NDT method, VT is fundamental and often used as a
preliminary examination. Trained inspectors visually examine the crane's components for signs of wear,
damage, or irregularities.
Eddy Current Testing (ECT): ECT is useful for detecting surface and subsurface flaws in conductive materials. It
is commonly used for inspecting welds and detecting corrosion.
Load Testing: While not an NDT method, load testing is often performed on aged mobile cranes to verify their
load-carrying capacity and structural integrity. It involves applying specific loads to different parts of the crane
to ensure it can withstand its rated capacity.
It's important to note that the specific NDT tests to be performed on a mobile crane will depend on its design,
materials used, and its operating conditions. Regular NDT inspections are crucial to identify any potential issues
promptly and take appropriate actions, such as repairs or replacements, to ensure safe and reliable crane
operation. These inspections also help comply with relevant safety regulations and standards to protect
workers and the surrounding environment.
Question: Describe your approach to OSH violations.

IMMEDIATE ACTION - DOCUMENT THE VIOLATION - NOTIFY MANAGEMENT AND AUTHORITIES –
INVESTIGATION - IMPLEMENT CORRECTIVE ACTIONS - TRAINING AND EDUCATION - MONITOR AND

AUDIT - ENCOURAGE REPORTING - ENFORCEMENT OF CONSEQUENCES - CONTINUOUS

IMPROVEMENT - ENGAGE EMPLOYEES
Question: How will you identify the radius of a crane?
MANUFACTURER'S SPECIFICATIONS: The easiest and most accurate way to determine the crane's radius is by
referring to the manufacturer's specifications. The radius is often provided in the crane's operating manual or
technical documentation.
CRANE LOAD CHART: Cranes come with load charts specific to their configuration and boom length. These
charts usually include the maximum load capacity at various boom lengths and radii. By consulting the crane's
load chart, you can find the radius corresponding to a specific lifting capacity.
LASER DISTANCE METER: In some cases, you can use a laser distance meter to measure the distance from the
crane's center to the tip of its boom directly. This method is more practical for smaller cranes.
TRIGONOMETRY: If you cannot access the manufacturer's specifications or the crane load chart, you can use
basic trigonometry to estimate the crane's radius. This method involves measuring the crane's boom length
and the angle it makes with the horizontal when fully extended. By applying trigonometric functions like sine
and cosine, you can calculate the radius.
However, keep in mind that using trigonometry to estimate the radius may not be as accurate as relying on
manufacturer-provided data or load charts. It's always best to use the official specifications to ensure safety
and avoid potential miscalculations.
Remember that accurate knowledge of the crane's radius is crucial for safe lifting operations. Incorrect radius
information can lead to overloading the crane, causing instability and potential accidents. Therefore, it's
essential to verify the radius through reliable sources and adhere to safety guidelines when operating any
crane.
Question: How will calculate utilization of mobile crane?

The utilization of a mobile crane refers to how effectively the crane is being used to perform lifting tasks. It is
typically measured as a percentage and represents the ratio of the actual operating time of the crane to the
total available time within a specific period. Higher utilization percentages indicate more efficient and
productive crane operations. To calculate the utilization of a mobile crane, follow these steps:
DETERMINE THE TOTAL AVAILABLE TIME: Calculate the total available time for the crane during the specific
period you want to evaluate. This includes the total number of hours or minutes the crane is available for work
within that period. For example, if the period is a week, and the crane is available 24 hours a day, the total
available time would be 7 days × 24 hours = 168 hours.
IDENTIFY THE DOWNTIME: Determine the total downtime during the specified period. Downtime includes any
time the crane is not operational due to maintenance, repairs, or any other reasons that prevent it from
performing lifting tasks. Subtract the downtime from the total available time.
CALCULATE THE OPERATING TIME: The operating time is the total time the crane spends actually performing
lifting tasks during the specified period. This includes the time spent on actual lifts, setup, and any other work-
related activities. It does not include downtime.
CALCULATE UTILIZATION PERCENTAGE: Divide the operating time by the total available time (after deducting
downtime) and multiply the result by 100 to get the utilization percentage. The formula is:
UTILIZATION PERCENTAGE = (Operating Time / (Total Available Time - Downtime)) × 100
For example, if the operating time of the crane during a week is 120 hours, and there were 20 hours of
downtime for maintenance and repairs:
Utilization Percentage = (120 hours / (168 hours - 20 hours)) × 100 = (120 hours / 148 hours) × 100 ≈ 81.1%
In this example, the mobile crane's utilization is approximately 81.1% during the specified week.
Measuring crane utilization is essential for optimizing crane operations, identifying inefficiencies, and planning
maintenance schedules effectively. By monitoring utilization, crane operators and project managers can make
informed decisions to enhance productivity and reduce downtime.
Question: LC 50 /LD 50?

LC50 and LD50 are both measurements used in toxicology to assess the toxicity of substances. They represent
different ways of expressing the lethal dose or concentration of a substance that would be lethal to 50% of the
test population. The values are typically determined through experiments conducted on animals, such as rats
or mice.
LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50): LC50 stands for Lethal Concentration 50. It is the concentration of a substance
in the air or water that, when continuously inhaled or ingested, would be expected to cause death in 50% of
the test animals within a specified exposure period. LC50 is usually expressed in terms of milligrams per liter
(mg/L) for liquids or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m³) for gases and vapors.
For example, if the LC50 of a particular chemical is 20 mg/L, it means that, in an experimental setting, 50% of
the test animals exposed to an airborne concentration of 20 mg/L of the chemical for a specific duration would
die.
LD50 (Lethal Dose 50): LD50 stands for Lethal Dose 50. It is the amount of a substance, usually administered
orally or through injection, that would be expected to cause death in 50% of the test animals within a specific
time period. LD50 is typically expressed in terms of milligrams of the substance per kilogram of body weight
(mg/kg).
For example, if the LD50 of a particular substance is 100 mg/kg, it means that 50% of the test animals receiving
a dose of 100 mg of the substance per kilogram of their body weight would die.
Both LC50 and LD50 values are crucial in toxicology to understand the potential risks of exposure to various
substances. They help in determining safe exposure limits for humans and guide regulatory bodies in setting
permissible exposure limits to protect human health and the environment. It's important to note that ethical
considerations and alternative testing methods are increasingly being used to minimize animal testing in
toxicological research.
Question: Why 15 mA RCD can’t be used instead of 30 mA?

Using a 15mA Residual Current Device (RCD) instead of a 30mA RCD can be an option in specific applications
where lower sensitivity is required. However, there are several reasons why a 15mA RCD is not commonly used
as a direct replacement for a 30mA RCD in typical residential and commercial installations:
SENSITIVITY AND PROTECTION LEVEL: A 15mA RCD is more sensitive to small leakage currents than a 30mA
RCD. While this sensitivity can offer additional protection against electric shocks, it can also lead to more
frequent nuisance tripping, especially in installations with older or less well-maintained electrical systems.
Frequent nuisance tripping can be disruptive and inconvenient for users.
COMPATIBILITY WITH EXISTING INSTALLATIONS: Many electrical installations are designed and configured
with 30mA RCDs in mind. Replacing them with 15mA RCDs might require significant modifications and rewiring,
increasing installation costs and complexity.
COST AND AVAILABILITY: 15mA RCDs are generally more expensive than 30mA RCDs due to their higher
sensitivity and specialized components. Additionally, their availability might be limited compared to standard
30mA RCDs.

TRADE-OFF BETWEEN SENSITIVITY AND USABILITY: While a 15mA RCD offers increased sensitivity and
protection, it also comes with the risk of increased nuisance tripping, which could be frustrating for users.
Finding the right balance between sensitivity and usability is essential to ensure an RCD provides effective
protection without causing unnecessary disruptions.
APPLICATION-SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: In certain specialized environments, such as medical facilities or
specific industrial settings, 15mA RCDs might be required due to specific safety regulations or sensitive
equipment. However, for general residential and commercial installations, 30mA RCDs are typically considered
sufficient to provide effective protection against electric shocks.
In summary, while a 15mA RCD can provide higher sensitivity and additional protection against electric shocks,
it is not commonly used as a direct replacement for 30mA RCDs in standard residential and commercial
applications. The selection of the appropriate RCD sensitivity depends on the specific requirements and safety
considerations of each installation. It is essential to follow regional electrical codes and regulations to ensure
the proper selection and installation of RCDs for optimal electrical safety.
Question: Where we can use 100/300 mA RCDs?
Question: What are 4 Gases in Confined space?

Oxygen (O2): In a confined space, the oxygen level may be reduced due to the consumption of oxygen by
workers or the presence of other gases. Oxygen-deficient atmospheres, with oxygen levels below 19.5%, can
lead to asphyxiation and suffocation, causing loss of consciousness and even death.
Flammable Gases: Confined spaces may contain flammable gases or vapors, such as methane (CH4), hydrogen
(H2), or various hydrocarbons. The presence of these gases can lead to a potentially explosive atmosphere,
especially when combined with an ignition source.
Toxic Gases: Toxic gases commonly found in confined spaces include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide
(CO), ammonia (NH3), and various other chemical vapors. These gases can cause serious health effects, ranging
from respiratory irritation and headaches to unconsciousness and death, depending on their concentration.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2): In some cases, confined spaces may contain an increased concentration of carbon
dioxide due to poor ventilation or the presence of processes that produce CO 2. Elevated levels of carbon
dioxide can cause dizziness, shortness of breath, and even loss of consciousness in extreme cases.
Question: How to calculate SWL?

 (Lifting Equipment) Identify the Load Capacity
 (Lifting Accessories) Identify the Minimum Breaking Strength (MBS): Check the documentation or label of
the lifting accessory to find the Minimum Breaking Strength. The MBS represents the maximum load the
accessory can withstand before it breaks.
 (Lifting Equipment) Determine the Safety Factor: Determine the safety factor to be used for the specific
lifting operation. As mentioned earlier, a safety factor of 1.25 to 1.5 is commonly used.
 (Lifting Accessories) Determine the safety factor to be used for the specific lifting operation or as per
industry standards and regulations. As mentioned earlier, typical safety factors range from 4 to 8.
 Perform the Calculation: Divide the load capacity/MBS of the crane by the safety factor to calculate the
SWL.
Safe Working Load (SWL) = Load Capacity of Crane / Safety Factor

Safe Working Load (SWL) = MBS / Safety Factor
Different lifting scenarios may require different safety factors based on the level of complexity, criticality, and
regulatory requirements. It is crucial to verify that the calculated SWL is within the crane's rated capacity and
to never exceed the SWL to ensure safe lifting operations. Always follow the manufacturer's guidelines, adhere
to safe lifting practices, and ensure that only trained and authorized personnel operate the crane. If there is
any uncertainty or variation in the SWL calculations, consult the manufacturer or a qualified engineer for
guidance.
Question: Excavation Soil types?

TYPE A SOIL: Type A soil is the most stable and cohesive soil type. It includes cohesive soils with
unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot (tsf) or greater. Examples of Type A soils include
clay, silty clay, sandy clay, and clayey silt. These soils have good self-supporting capabilities and are considered
the safest for excavations. Control Measures for Type A Soil:
 Shoring or shielding may not be required for excavations less than 12 feet in depth (but may be needed
based on other factors).
 Sloping may be sufficient for excavations deeper than 12 feet.
Type B Soil: Type B soil is moderately stable and cohesive. It includes cohesive soils with unconfined
compressive strength greater than 0.5 tsf but less than 1.5 tsf. Examples of Type B soils include silt, silt loam,
and sandy loam. Type B soils may exhibit some self-supporting capabilities but are less stable than Type A soils.
Control Measures for Type B Soil:
 Trench boxes or shields are required for excavations deeper than 4 feet but less than 12 feet in depth.
 Sloping may be sufficient for excavations deeper than 12 feet.
Type C Soil: Type C soil is the least stable and cohesive soil type. It includes cohesive soils with unconfined
compressive strength of 0.5 tsf or lower, as well as granular soils, such as gravel, sand, and loamy sand. Type C
soils lack self-supporting capabilities and require significant support to prevent cave-ins. Control Measures for
Type C Soil:
 Trench boxes or shields are required for excavations deeper than 4 feet.
 Sloping is necessary for excavations deeper than 5 feet.
It is essential for workers and employers involved in excavation work to identify the soil type at the worksite
and apply the appropriate protective measures accordingly. Proper soil testing and analysis should be
conducted to determine the soil type and support requirements before commencing excavation activities.
Following OSHA regulations and industry best practices helps ensure the safety of workers and reduces the risk
of excavation-related accidents and incidents.
Question: What are incident notification and investigation forms and reporting period?
Notification/Reporting:
 Form G (within 24 hours of fatality/within three days for other serious incidents)
 Form G1 (Serious Incident Investigation within 30 days from the date of Incident)
 Form G2 only for recordkeeping for non-serious incidents
 Form E (Quarterly Performance Report)
Question: What’s TWA and STEL hydrogen sulfide?

TWA (Time-Weighted Average) and STEL (Short-Term Exposure Limit) are workplace exposure limits used to
assess and control the level of exposure to hazardous substances over a specific period. These limits are set to
protect workers' health and safety by preventing excessive or prolonged exposure to harmful substances.
TWA (Time-Weighted Average): TWA represents the average concentration of a hazardous substance to which
a worker can be exposed over a specified time period, typically an 8-hour work shift. It is calculated by
averaging the exposure levels over this time frame. The TWA value is usually expressed in parts per million
(ppm) or milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m³).
Example for Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S): The TWA limit for hydrogen sulfide exposure set by different regulatory
bodies varies. For example, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
recommends a TWA limit of 10 ppm for hydrogen sulfide exposure in an 8-hour work shift. This means that
workers should not be exposed to an average concentration of hydrogen sulfide exceeding 1 ppm over an 8-
hour period.
STEL (Short-Term Exposure Limit): STEL represents the maximum concentration of a hazardous substance to
which a worker can be exposed over a short period, usually 15 minutes. Unlike the TWA, STEL focuses on
limiting peak or short-term exposures. The STEL value is also expressed in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams
per cubic meter (mg/m³).
Example for Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S): Again, the STEL limit for hydrogen sulfide exposure may vary depending
on the regulatory authority. For instance, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a
STEL limit of 15 ppm for hydrogen sulfide exposure. This means that workers should not be exposed to
concentrations exceeding 15 ppm for more than 15 minutes during their work shift.
Both TWA and STEL are essential in managing exposure to hazardous substances like hydrogen sulfide,
particularly in industries where such gases are common, such as oil and gas, chemical manufacturing, and
wastewater treatment. Monitoring and controlling exposure levels within the defined limits help safeguard
worker health and prevent adverse health effects from prolonged or intense exposure to hazardous
substances.
Question: At what wind speed crane operation needs to be suspended?

38 km/hr
Question: What are the values of Time Weighted Average (TWA), Short-term Exposure Limit (STEL)
and PEAK for H2S and CO?
TWA (Time-Weighted Average): TWA is the average concentration of a substance to which a worker can be
exposed during a specific time period, usually measured over an 8-hour work shift. In the context of a confined
space, it represents the average concentration of H 2S to which a worker can be exposed during their time
inside the confined space.
STEL (Short-Term Exposure Limit): STEL is the maximum concentration of a substance to which a worker can
be exposed over a short period, usually 15 minutes. It is designed to protect workers from acute, immediate
effects caused by brief exposures.
PEAK Limit: The PEAK limit represents the maximum instantaneous concentration of a substance to which a
worker can be exposed. It is used to protect against sudden spikes or surges in concentrations. It must not be
exceeded in any point in time, regardless of the duration of the exposure.
Gases TWA STEL PEAK

Hydrogen Sulfide 10 ppm 15 ppm 20 ppm
Carbon Monoxide 25 ppm 200 ppm 400 ppm
Q: What strategies have you implemented to ensure compliance with safety regulations on
construction sites?
A: One of the key strategies I implemented was conducting regular site inspections to identify potential hazards
and ensure compliance with safety regulations. I also developed comprehensive safety training programs for
workers, emphasizing the importance of following safety protocols and adhering to industry standards.
Q: How do you develop and implement safety policies and procedures specific to the construction
industry?
A: I believe in a collaborative approach when developing safety policies and procedures. I work closely with
project managers, supervisors, and workers to understand the unique challenges of each construction site. This
input allows me to tailor safety policies that address specific risks and ensure effective implementation.
Q: How do you conduct risk assessments and identify potential hazards on construction sites?
A: I conduct thorough risk assessments by examining each phase of the construction process, identifying
potential hazards, and evaluating their likelihood and severity. This involves regular site inspections, analyzing
incident reports, and involving workers in hazard identification through toolbox talks and safety meetings.
Q: Can you provide examples of safety initiatives you have successfully implemented to improve
safety performance?
A: One safety initiative I implemented was the introduction of a near-miss reporting system, encouraging
workers to report potential incidents that could have resulted in injuries. This allowed us to proactively address
hazards and prevent accidents. Additionally, I introduced regular safety training sessions to reinforce safe
practices and provide ongoing education for workers.
Q: How do you ensure that workers receive proper training in safety procedures and practices?
A: I develop comprehensive training programs that cover key safety procedures and practices relevant to the
construction industry. These programs include onboarding sessions for new hires, toolbox talks, and refresher
training to keep workers updated on safety protocols. I also encourage participation and feedback to ensure
continuous improvement.

Q: How do you monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of safety programs in a construction
setting?
A: I establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure the effectiveness of safety programs. This includes
tracking metrics such as incident rates, near-miss reporting, and safety training completion rates. Regular data
analysis helps identify areas for improvement and allows for timely adjustments to safety programs.
Q: How do you handle safety incidents, investigations, and the implementation of corrective
actions?
A: When a safety incident occurs, I ensure immediate response and provide necessary medical attention. I
conduct thorough investigations to identify root causes and develop corrective action plans to prevent similar
incidents in the future. Clear communication and documentation are essential throughout the process.
Q: Can you explain your approach to contractor management and ensuring their adherence to
safety standards?
A: I collaborate closely with contractors, conducting pre-qualification assessments to ensure they have robust
safety management systems in place. Regular meetings and site visits help maintain open lines of
communication, address safety concerns, and monitor contractor performance. I provide guidance and support
to ensure adherence to safety standards.
Q: How do you promote a culture of safety and encourage worker involvement in safety programs?
A: I believe in fostering a culture of safety by creating an environment where workers feel comfortable
reporting safety concerns and contributing to safety initiatives. I encourage worker involvement through
toolbox talks, safety committees, and recognition programs for demonstrating exemplary safety practices.
How do you stay updated with the latest safety regulations and industry best practices in
construction?
A: Staying updated with safety regulations and industry best practices is crucial. I actively participate in industry
conferences, workshops, and seminars. I am a member of professional safety organizations, and I regularly
engage in continuing education programs to stay abreast of the latest developments and ensure compliance.
Q: Can you share examples of how you have effectively communicated safety information to
diverse stakeholders on construction projects?
A: Communication is key in promoting safety. I have implemented various communication channels, such as
safety meetings, toolbox talks, safety bulletins, and digital platforms, to effectively communicate safety
information to workers, supervisors, and management. I tailor the message to each audience to ensure
understanding and compliance.
Q: How do you collaborate with project managers, supervisors, and other team members to
integrate safety into project planning and execution?
A: Collaboration is vital to integrate safety seamlessly into projects. I actively engage with project managers,
supervisors, and team members during project planning and execution stages. I provide safety input, conduct
risk assessments, and work together to develop strategies that prioritize safety without compromising project
objectives.
Q: How do you handle challenging situations where there may be resistance to safety protocols or
non-compliance with regulations?

A: I approach challenging situations by fostering open dialogue and addressing concerns. I emphasize the
importance of safety and its impact on everyone's well-being. I work closely with individuals or teams to
understand their perspective, provide additional training or clarification, and demonstrate the benefits of
compliance. If necessary, I escalate issues to senior management to ensure a resolution.
Q: Can you discuss a time when you successfully led a safety program during a major construction
project?
A: During a major construction project, I led a safety program that resulted in significant improvements. I
implemented a safety incentive program to recognize and reward safe practices. I also conducted regular
safety audits, engaged workers in safety committees, and provided additional training specific to project risks.
As a result, we achieved a significant reduction in incidents and received commendation for our safety
performance.
Question: What are the control measures for excavation?

PROPER PLANNING AND DESIGN - SOIL ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION - PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS:
SLOPING/BENCHING/SHORING/SHIELDING - ACCESS AND EGRESS - ATMOSPHERIC TESTING - UTILITIES
MARKING - FALL PREVENTION - REGULAR INSPECTIONS - EMERGENCY PROCEDURES - TRAINING AND
SUPERVISION – DOCUMENTATION
Question: What is the excavation protection system?

An excavation protection system is a set of engineering controls and safety measures designed to prevent
hazards and ensure the safety of workers involved in excavations or trenches. Excavations can pose significant
risks, including cave-ins, falls, and hazardous atmospheres, so protection systems are put in place to mitigate
these dangers. These systems are typically categorized into three main types: sloping, benching, and shoring.
SLOPING: Sloping involves creating a gradual incline on the sides of the excavation to reduce the risk of soil
collapse. The angle of the slope depends on factors such as the type of soil, depth of the excavation, and
weather conditions. The purpose of sloping is to provide stability by reducing the pressure on the excavation
walls. The specific angle required will be determined by soil analysis and engineering considerations.
BENCHING: Benching is a technique where a series of horizontal steps, or "benches," are cut into the sides of
the excavation. Similar to sloping, benching reduces the angle of the excavation walls and creates multiple
levels to prevent collapses. The depth of each bench and the width of the horizontal section between benches
depend on soil conditions and the type of protective measure needed.
SHORING: Shoring involves installing support structures within the excavation to prevent soil movement and
cave-ins. There are various types of shoring systems, including timber, hydraulic, and mechanical shoring.
These systems use vertical supports placed against the excavation walls to provide lateral support and prevent
collapse.
SHIELDING: Shielding systems consist of trench boxes or other protective structures that are placed in the
excavation to protect workers from cave-ins. Trench boxes are usually made of steel and have open ends to
allow workers to enter and exit. Shielding systems provide a physical barrier between workers and the
excavation walls.
It's important to note that the choice of excavation protection system depends on several factors, including soil
type, depth of excavation, adjacent structures, and local regulations. Excavation protection systems are not
limited to one type; they can also involve a combination of sloping, benching, shoring, and shielding to ensure
the highest level of safety.

Additionally, a comprehensive excavation protection plan should include elements like safe access and egress
points, atmospheric testing for hazardous gases, fall protection measures if needed, and emergency response
procedures.
When implementing an excavation protection system, it's crucial to follow industry standards, guidelines, and
regulations to ensure the safety of workers and prevent accidents.
Question: How to provide safe access and egress to excavation?
Providing safe access and egress to excavations is critical for ensuring the safety of workers and
preventing accidents. Proper access and exit points allow workers to enter and exit the excavation
safely without facing unnecessary risks. Here's how you can provide safe access and egress to
excavations:
PLAN ACCESS AND EGRESS POINTS - INSTALL SECURE ENTRY AND EXIT POINTS - LADDERS
STAIRS AND RAMPS - GUARDRAILS AND HANDRAILS - CLEAR PATHWAYS - PROPER LIGHTING -
REGULAR INSPECTIONS – TRAINING - EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS – SUPERVISION -
DOCUMENTATION

AIM
"To create and sustain a culture of safety excellence in our construction company, ensuring the well-being and
health of our workers, safeguarding the environment, and promoting responsible practices in all our
construction activities. We are committed to fostering a proactive approach to risk management, continuous
improvement, and compliance with applicable regulations to achieve the highest standards of occupational
health and safety performance across all our projects."
Creating effective objectives and targets for your Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) manual is crucial for
promoting a safe and healthy work environment in your construction company. Objectives should be specific,
measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). Here are some ideal objectives and targets for
your construction company:
OBJECTIBVES TARGETS
REDUCE the Number of Workplace Achieve a 20% reduction in the total number of recordable
Accidents workplace accidents compared to the previous year by the end
of the current year.
Enhance Safety Training and Awareness Conduct regular safety training sessions for all workers,
covering specific risks and hazards relevant to their tasks, with
a target of providing at least 10 hours of safety training per
employee annually.
Improve Near-Miss Reporting and Increase the reporting and analysis of near-miss incidents by
Analysis 30% compared to the previous year to identify potential
hazards and preventive measures proactively.
Promote Proper Use of Personal Ensure 100% compliance with PPE usage by conducting regular
Protective Equipment (PPE) inspections and audits, with the aim of reducing PPE non-
compliance incidents to zero.
Strengthen Emergency Response Develop and test emergency response plans, including fire drills
Preparedness and evacuation procedures, for each construction site, aiming
to achieve full readiness and effectiveness by the end of the
year.
Implement Effective Ergonomics Practices Conduct ergonomic assessments for all job tasks to identify and
mitigate ergonomic risks, with a target of reducing ergonomic-
related incidents by 25% within the next six months.
Enhance Subcontractor Safety Implement a subcontractor safety evaluation process, setting a
Performance goal of engaging only subcontractors with satisfactory safety
records and providing them with necessary safety guidance.
Improve Incident Investigation and Conduct thorough investigations for all incidents, accidents,
Corrective Actions and near-misses, and implement corrective actions within a
specified timeframe (e.g., 72 hours) to prevent recurrence.
Reduce Occupational Illnesses Establish and implement a comprehensive health monitoring
program for employees exposed to specific occupational
hazards, aiming to reduce occupational illness cases by 15%
within the year.
Foster a Safety Culture Encourage worker participation in safety initiatives by
implementing a safety suggestion program, aiming to collect
and implement at least three safety improvement suggestions
per employee annually.

Key Elements of an Occupational Health & Safety Management System

OSH (Occupational Safety and Health) Management System is a structured framework designed to
proactively identify, assess, control, and continuously improve workplace safety and health conditions
in an organization. It is a systematic approach that integrates safety and health practices into the
overall management processes, with the primary goal of preventing work-related injuries, illnesses,
and incidents.
Policy & Commitment  OH&S Policy

 Management Commitment
 Employee Involvement
Planning  Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment
 Legal & Other Requirements
 Objectives & Targets
Implementation & Operation  Resources, Roles, & Responsibilities
 Competence & Training
 Communication
 Documentation & Control of Documents
 Operational Control
 Emergency Preparedness & Response
Checking & Corrective Action  Monitoring & Measurement of OH&S Performance
 Incident Investigation
 Non-Conformance & Corrective Action
 Records Management
Management Review  Review of OH&S Performance
 Continuous Improvement
 Compliance Evaluation
Benefits of the implementation  Helps organizations to comply with legal requirements
of an OHS Management System  Fosters a safety culture where employees actively
participate in maintaining a safe and healthy workplace
 Lead to increased productivity, reduced absenteeism, and
enhanced employee morale.

Risk-Based Structured Management
In ISO 45001, risk refers to the potential occurrence of events or situations that could
lead to harm or adverse health effects for workers, contractors, visitors, or other relevant
parties. It includes the combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous
event and the severity of the potential harm or health effect. In the context of OH&S,
Risk risks can arise from various factors, such as hazardous working conditions, inadequate
safety measures, lack of training, equipment failures, or unsafe work practices.
Organizations are required to identify and assess these risks systematically to determine
the necessary control measures and preventive actions to reduce or eliminate the
likelihood of accidents, injuries, and illnesses.
In ISO 45001, opportunity refers to the chance to improve OH&S performance or achieve
positive outcomes related to health and safety. These opportunities are not only focused
on preventing negative events (risks) but also on proactively seeking ways to enhance the
overall safety culture and well-being of workers. Opportunities can arise from different
Opportunity sources, such as advancements in technology, better training methods, employee
engagement, improved safety processes, or best practices from other industries.
Identifying and taking advantage of these opportunities can lead to continuous
improvement in OH&S performance and contribute to the overall success of the
organization.
Risk-based structured management is a fundamental concept in ISO 45001 and refers to the approach that
organizations should take to manage occupational health and safety (OH&S) risks effectively. It involves the
following key elements:
Organizations are required to identify and assess the potential hazards and risks
associated with their activities, processes, and work environment. This involves
Risk Assessment
understanding the various tasks, conditions, and situations that could lead to injuries,
illnesses, or accidents.
Once the risks are identified and assessed, the organization needs to implement
appropriate controls to mitigate or eliminate the identified risks. These controls may
Risk Control
include engineering solutions, administrative measures, the use of personal protective
equipment, and other safety measures
ISO 45001 emphasizes the use of a hierarchy of controls to manage risks effectively. The
Hierarchy of hierarchy prioritizes control measures from the most effective to the least effective. The
Controls order of control measures is typically as follows: Elimination, Substitution, Engineering
Controls, Administrative Controls, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Organizations must also consider and comply with relevant legal requirements related to
Legal & Other
OH&S in their jurisdiction. Additionally, they need to be aware of other relevant
Requirements
requirements, such as industry standards or best practices.
ISO 45001 promotes the idea of continual improvement in OH&S performance. This
Continual involves regularly reviewing and updating risk assessments, control measures, and safety
Improvement procedures to ensure that the organization is continually striving to enhance workplace
safety and minimize risks.
By adopting a risk-based structured management approach, organizations can proactively identify and address
potential hazards, reduce the likelihood of accidents and injuries, and create a safer working environment for
employees and other stakeholders. It also demonstrates a commitment to occupational health and safety,
which can lead to improved organizational performance and reputation.

PDCA Clause Description Required evidence/documents
CONTEXT OF ORGANIZATION
PLAN 4.1 Understanding the organization and its context Context analysis, reports
PLAN 4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of Stakeholder analysis, feedback
workers and other interested parties
PLAN 4.3 Determining the scope of the OSH MS Scope statement, system boundaries
PLAN 4.4 Occupational health and safety management system OHSMS framework, processes
LEADERSHIP AND WORKERS PARTICIPATION

PLAN 5.1 Leadership and commitment Management commitment statement
PLAN 5.2 OSH policy OHS policy statement
PLAN 5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities, and authorities Organizational chart, role
descriptions
PLAN 5.4 Consultation and Participation of Workers

PLANNING
PLAN 6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities Risk assessment, risk register
6.1.3 Determination of legal/other requirements
PLAN 6.2 OSH safety objectives and planning to achieve them Objectives, action plans
SUPPORT
PLAN 7.1 Resources Resource allocation plan
PLAN 7.2 Competence Training records, skill matrix
PLAN 7.3 Awareness Training records, communication

plan
PLAN 7.4 Communication Communication plan, records
PLAN 7.5 Documented information Documented procedures, policies
OPERATION
DO 8.1 Operational planning and control Operating procedures, work instructions
(Eliminating hazards/reducing OSH risks),

Management of Change, Procurement
DO 8.2 Emergency Preparedness and Response ERP, trainings, mock drills,

resources
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
CHEC 9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis, and Monitoring records, measurement
K performance evaluation (Evaluation of compliance) data (Compliance assessment
records)
CHEC 9.2 Internal audit Audit schedule, audit reports

K
CHEC 9.3 Management review Management review minutes, action

K items
IMPROVEMENT
ACT 10.2 Incident, Nonconformity and corrective action Nonconformity reports, corrective action

plans, Improvement project records,

Incident reports, action plans
ACT 10.3 Continual Improvement Improvement suggestions, outcomes

OSH OBJECTIVES
 ENSURE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY of all workers, contractors, and stakeholders
throughout the construction project.
 IDENTIFY AND ASSESS POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND RISKS associated with the construction
activities and implement effective control measures.
 PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE SAFETY TRAINING AND INDUCTION PROGRAMS to all
workers, ensuring they are knowledgeable about the project's safety protocols.
 ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN COMPLIANCE with all relevant local, state, and national OHS
regulations and standards.
 FOSTER A STRONG SAFETY CULTURE by promoting proactive reporting of near misses,
incidents, and safety concerns.
 MINIMIZE THE NUMBER OF WORK-RELATED injuries, illnesses, and accidents by
implementing effective preventive measures.
 ESTABLISH CLEAR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES that ensure swift and effective
actions in case of accidents, incidents, or other emergencies.
 CONDUCT REGULAR SAFETY INSPECTIONS AND AUDITS to monitor compliance with
safety protocols and identify areas for improvement.
 ACTIVELY INVOLVE WORKERS AND SUBCONTRACTORS in safety discussions, encouraging
their participation in safety committees and initiatives.
 ENSURE that all workers consistently use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
and follow safe work practices.
 TRACK AND ANALYZE SAFETY PERFORMANCE METRICS, such as TRIR, LTIFR, and near-
miss reporting rates, to drive continuous improvement.
 CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT where workers feel COMFORTABLE RAISING safety concerns
and suggesting improvements without fear of retaliation.
 CONDUCT INCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS promptly and thoroughly, identifying root causes
and implementing corrective actions to prevent recurrence.
 COMMUNICATE SAFETY INFORMATION CLEARLY and regularly to workers,
subcontractors, and other stakeholders through various channels.
 REGULARLY REVIEW AND UPDATE the OHS construction management plan to ensure its
alignment with changing project requirements and industry best practices.

Putrescible waste
Non-Putrescible Waste/Non-Recyclable
Non-Putrescible/Recyclable
Hazardous Waste

OSHAD-SF CODES OF PRACTICES

1.0-Hazardous Materials
1.2-Management of ACM
Asbestos Supervising Consultant (registered/approved OSHAD)

Testing Facilities (approved by ESMA)
Asbestos Removal Contractor, Asbestos Waste Carrier /Transporter, Asbestos Waste Facilities
(CWM-AD)
Appropriate Survey to check presence (type of ACM and condition) by approved supervising
consultant, findings recorded and communicated
Risk Assessment:
Condition of Asbestos and surface treatment
Type of asbestos
Accessibility
Surrounding environment
If ACM is friable and not stable, risk to health from exposure, to be removed ASAP by the approved
contractor
If ACM is friable, but in stable condition, If removal is not reasonably practicable, short-term control
measures such as sealing, enclosure
If ACM is not friable and in good condition, minimizing disturbance and encapsulation may be
appropriate control measure
Any remaining ACM clearly labelled and inspected on regular intervals
ACM to be removed from demolition, renovation or refurbishment
Wet spray method (preferred method)

Minimize run-offs
2.0-Personal Protective Equipment
 Training as per Element 5 –Training, Awareness and Competency

 All Risk Assessments must be conducted as per OSHAD-SF element 2 Risk Management.
 All Risk Assessments must be reviewed on regular basis as per OSHAD-SF element 2 Risk
Management.
 All means for protecting employee must be in line of hierarchy of control as described in OSHAD
SF Element 2 Risk Management.
 PPE Maintenance/Inspection program by employee.
 Training (Practical, theoretical/appropriate language, method for workers/record of
training; name, ID, EID, subject, training date, training provider
3.0-Occupational Noise

 All Risk Assessments must be conducted as per OSHAD-SF element 2 Risk Management within
30 days of starting activity for all noise at or in excess of 85dB(A) 8-hr time weighted average
 Training (Practical, theoretical/appropriate language, method for workers/record of
training; name, ID, EID, subject, training date, training provider
 Provision of information, instruction and/or training to persons not directly involved in the
work but at risk
 Ensuring all exposed workers get the training
 No direct exposure to the level at or in excess of 100 dB(A) without hearing protection
 Hearing conservation program for noise hazards if level exceeds 85dB(A)
 RA to include; level type duration of exposure, direct/indirect effects of noise, inability to hear
warning in loud noises, health surveillance, hearing protection
 Warning signs (compliance with CoP 17.0 Safety Signs & Signals
 Computation of Hearing Protection Attenuation (Plugs):
Site Noise Level – (Noise Reducing Rating – 7dB(A))
 Computation of Hearing Protection Attenuation (Muffs):
Site Noise Level – (25% of Noise Reducing Rating)
 Computation of Hearing Protection Attenuation (Plugs & Muffs):
Site Noise level – (added value of plugs and muffs)
85 dB – 8hrs - 87 dB – 5hrs-2min - 91 dB – 2hrs - 100 dB –

15min
A person shall not be exposed to any continuous, intermittent, or impact noise levels above 100
dB(A), unless the appropriate hearing protection is provided.
3.1-Vibration

 All Risk Assessments must be conducted as per OSHAD-SF element 2 Risk Management
 Training (Practical, theoretical/appropriate language, method for workers/record of training;
name, ID, EID, subject, training date, training provider
 Provision of information, instruction and/or training to persons not directly involved in the work but
at risk
 Ensuring all exposed workers get the training
 Warning signs (compliance with CoP 17.0 Safety Signs & Signals
Hand-Arm Vibration Whole Body Vibration

Daily Exposure Limit Value 5 m/s2 A(8) 1.15 m/s2 A(8)
Daily Exposure Action Value 2.5 m/s2 A(8) 0.5 m/s2 A(8)
4.0-First Aid & Medical Emergency
First Aid: Immediate assistance given to a person suffering from a sudden illness or injury in the
workplace, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and/or
promote recovery.
Medical Emergency: A situation or condition having high probability of disabling or immediately life-
threatening consequences requiring first aid or other immediate medical intervention.
Training: Approved training provider, Annual refresher training

Medical Insurance Coverage; Medical Facilities: Chapter V of Federal Labor Law No. 8 of 1980
<50 workers 1 first aider and >50 workers 1 first aider/50 workers per shift
Response Time:
 Initial first aid treatment on site: 3 min response time
 Worksite ambulance service: within 10 min response time
 If response time for internal/external ambulance is more than 15 min, appropriate medical staff
and services to ensure response time less than 10 min.
 For non-life threatening, patient can be transferred in company vehicle
 For life threatening, ambulance service will be called
5.0-Occupational Health Screening & Medical Surveillance
Medical Screening:
 Pre-Employment Screening

 Baseline for health state of employees

 Fitness for Duty
 Identifying Health Risks for specific tasks before start of any hazardous work
Occupational Health Surveillance:

 Early Detection of Issues for workers exposed to different health risks
 Provides data to assess the impact of occupational exposures on workers
 Identification of Occupational Diseases i.e.; hearing loss or airborne contamination
 Developing/improving Health and Safety Measures like OSH policies, risk assessments etc.
Occupational health surveillance involves the collection and analysis of health-related data from a
group of workers and is often a collaborative effort between employers, occupational health
professionals, and regulatory authorities. It may include medical examinations, health questionnaires,
biological monitoring, and data analysis.
Professional Drivers
Bus drivers/3.5 7.5 ton pick-up/crane/bulldozer
21-45; at the time of license
45-65; every 5 years
>65; annual
8.0-General Workplace Amenities
Lighting
Offices, General Work Areas, First aid stations/Medical Treatment Centers 30 Foot Candles
Mechanical / Electrical Rooms, Carpenter Shops, General Construction
Plant / Shops
10 Foot Candles
Access ways, Storage Areas, Concrete Placement, Excavation, Tunnels,
Shafts, Underground Work
5 Foot Candles
1-foot candle = 10.76 lux
Workplace have at 10m3/person with ceiling height of 2.5m; behind desk 90 cm-1 m space; aisles
passageway width at least 90cm
9.0-Workplace Wellness
9.1-New & Expectant Mothers
9.2-Managing Work-Related Stress
Stress: Psychological and emotional responses that occur when employees perceive an imbalance
between their work demands and their capability and/or resources to meet these demands.
50 or More Workers: stress management program
Demand – Control – Support – Relationships – Role – Change
10.0-Rehabilitation and Return to Work

11.0-Safety in the Heat

 Training must include acclimatization
 All Risk Assessments must be conducted as per OSHAD-SF element 2 Risk Management.
 All Risk Assessments must be reviewed on regular basis as per OSHAD-SF element 2 Risk
Management.
The Thermal Work Limit (TWL) is a measure used to assess the combined impact of air
temperature, humidity, and radiant heat on the human body during physical work. It is used to
determine the safe limits of work duration and intensity under different environmental conditions,
especially in hot and humid climates where heat stress can be a concern for worker safety.
The TWL is calculated based on the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index, which takes into
account the following three environmental factors:
Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT): This is the standard air temperature measured with a regular
thermometer, often referred to as the "regular" temperature.
Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT): The WBT is measured using a thermometer with a wetted wick. It
indicates the lowest temperature that can be achieved through evaporative cooling, providing an
indication of humidity and the cooling effect of sweating.
Globe Temperature (GT): The GT is measured using a globe thermometer, which represents the
radiant heat from the surroundings. It takes into account the effect of direct solar radiation and hot
surfaces on the body.
Air velocity (Wind speed) m/s
Work-Rest
Rehydration
Working Zone TWL Intervention Schedule
Schedule
(minutes)
 No Limit for self-paced Self-Paced
work for Continuous
Low Risk 140-220< 600 ml - 1 L/hr
educated/hydrated Work
workers Allowed
 Shades, improved Safe for self-
LW: 1-1.2 L/hr
ventilation paced light
 Avoidance of alone work
work
 Adequate fluid intake
Medium Risk 115-140 Continuous-
 Un-acclimatized worker Paced Work
not allowed HW: >1.2 L/hr
45 min Work-
15 min Rest
 No alone work Light Work

 No un-acclimatized 45 min work-
worker 15 min Rest
 High risk induction for All Works
High Risk <115
checking for signs of >1.2 L/hr Heavy Work
heat stress 20 min Work-
 Water bottle for each 40 min Rest
workers 2L
Light Work Sitting, Standing, Light Arm Work
Heavy Work Carry, Climbing, Lifting, Pushing, Whole Body Work
Un- Any new workers, or workers who have been off work 14 days due to illness or
Acclimatized on vacation
Worker
If sweat rate exceeds 1.2 L/hr, increasing fluid intake much above this level is not practical due to
gastric discomfort as the upper limit of gastric emptying and fluid absorption is ~1.5 L/hr so
control solutions to improve thermal conditions should be implemented in addition to providing
adequate hydration to replace sweat loss.
 Stay in cooler less humid place
Skin irritation, caused by humid and hot
HEAT RASH  Keep affected area dry
weather
 Dusting powder to increase comfort
HEAT CRAMP Muscle cramps due to salt depletion  Stop activity, Sit in cool place
 Drink juice or cold beverage

 Don’t return to strenuous work after
and low moisture level; abdomen,
heat cramps
arms, legs
 Seek medical help for pre-existing
medical problems
 Sit or lie down in cool place on the
HEAT
Lightheadedness, fainting, dizziness onset of symptoms
SYNCOPE
 Slow drink water, clear juice etc
Excessive loss of salt and water due to
excessive sweating
 Rest in cool, shaded, air-
Extreme weakness and fatigue
HEAT conditioned areas
Dizziness, Nausea, vomiting, elevated
EXHAUSTION  Drink plenty of water
body temperature
Fast breathing  Take a cool shower or bath
Exacerbation of symptoms from heat

exhaustion to heat stroke when the  Call emergency/supervisor
body becomes unable to control  Move sick to cool shaded area
temperature  Soak clothes with water
HEAT STROKE
Hot dry skin  Showering, sponging with water
Chills, Confusion, slurred speech,  Fanning the body
Hallucination
High body temperature
TWL= (0.7 x Tw)+(0.2 x Tg)+(0.1 x Tdb)-(0.2 x V)-1.5
12.0-Prevention and Control of Legionnaires Disease
13.0-Violence in the Workplace
Violence: Action/incident/behavior that departs from reasonable conduct in which the person is
assaulted/threatened/harmed/injured in the course of his/her work.
By strangers – co-workers – customers/clients – personal relation
Specific training provided by some security personnel

14.0-Manual Handling and Ergonomics
Manual Handling: Lift, lower, push, pull, hold, restraint an object, load or body part
Design mechanical assistance
Factors: Load – working environment – individual capabilities
Trainings: Prior to work – new tasks – no equipment (mechanical aids)
Supervisors must also be trained

14.1-Manual Tasks Involving the Handling of People
15.0-Electrical Safety
Electrical Supply Safety Requirements related to Overhead Lines, Unground Cables,

Substations ADWEA, ADDC, AADC, RSB)
Training: Training Need Analysis, Hazards/Risks, Info on SSoW, Specific Control measures,
Emergency handling and reporting procedure, Record to be maintained
 Safe design, safe operation and maintenance

 specific precautions for explosive environments like (Ex-rated equipment, ATEX, gas monitoring,
appropriate emergency response
 No passing the capability of the equipment to avoid any rising Danger
 Overcurrent protection; devices in safe position
 Motor, equipment, appliance have a disconnecting means installed and clearly mentioned.
 Transfer switches installed for backup generators to avoid any power back feed to utility
supplying power
 Regular inspections
 Insertion of bare conductors into receptacles is prohibited
Earthing:
 A conductor is regarded as earthed when it is connected to the general mass of earth by
conductors of appropriate strength and current-carrying capability to discharge electrical energy
to earth.
 All non-current carrying metal parts of portable equipment and fixed equipment, including their
associated housing, enclosures and supporting structures, shall be earthed.
 Earthing path shall be permanent, continuous and effective
 An earthing conductor must be well-distinguished
 No earthing conductor to be attached to any terminal or lead so as to reverse designated polarity.
 Regular inspections
Work on or near Live Conductors

 No person shall engage in working over or near live conductors (other than one suitably covered
with suitable material so as to prevent Danger) that the Danger may arise unless:
o It is not reasonable practicable in all circumstances for it to be dead.
o It is reasonable practicable in all the circumstances for the employee to be at work on or
near it while it is alive; and
o Appropriate control measures are taken to prevent injury
Temporary Electrical Supply: 110 volts until and unless requirement of certain machines like
welding machine
Regular inspection
16.0-OSH Requirements for People with Special Needs
17.0-Safety Signage and Signals
Sign – Signboard - Safety Color – Symbol/Pictogram – Illuminated – Acoustic Signal – Verbal – Hand
Signal – Fire Safety Sign
Prohibition Sign – Hazard Warning Sign – YELLOW -Mandatory Sign – BLUE-

Emergency Escape/First Aid Sign / No Danger– GREEN
Firefighting equipment – identification and location

Emergency escapes – Doors, exists and escape routes
For awareness related to RESIDUAL RISK when it is not being reduced

Not a substitute for other means of controlling
Can increase brilliance or volume in case of any hindrance
Appropriate – large – clear – Arabic/English – Securing fastened – Avoidance of too many to avoid
confusion
Backup supply for any failure in the main for illuminated/acoustic signs if required
Acoustic signals 10dB above the ambient noise pulse length and groups
One time one acoustic signal, not multiple signals together

18.0-Employer Supplied Accommodation-General Requirements
18.1-Temporary Employer Supplied Accommodation
Housing units not less than 10 m from facilities like warehouses, kitchens, bathrooms, dining
areas
3m2 area for each laborer; sanitary units not less than 30 m from housing, dining and kitchen
Fire resistant caravans as per CD requirements, no flammable material
Inflammable material with high resistivity like sandwich panels filled with rock wool, cement boards
are allowed
Services units made of concrete walls and floor like kitchen, gas or electricity
At least one window in housing unit
Lighting
150 Lux – kitchen, entertainment area, dry clean, reception
100 Lux – corridors, bedrooms, storage
200 Lux – Clothes ironing, repair
No of entries/No of exits shall not be less than 2 for emergency and evacuation
Drawings shall be approved by relevant authority (ADDC)

Single-line diagram
Fire alarm control panel and distribution and emergency lights
Site layout plan for small power
Power diesel generator and electrical room
Load schedule and voltage drop calculations
Electricity room must be equipped as per regulations of RSB (Regulation & Supervision
Bureau) and fire preventive equipment and tools as per CD
Distribution panels and work calculations to be as per regulations of RSB/ADWEA
Automatic electric insulation must be provided for all units
3-phase AC and cooling units
13 amperes sockets for all housing units
External DBs must be weatherproof
Provide source Power Distribution Board for each unit.
No water treatment service before the meter at the source
Water quality tests
Water level as per CD to be maintained in the lower part of the ground tank, NO separate tanks for
firefighting
Approval for water tanks is required by the relevant municipality
3 square meter for one laborer, 8-10 people at max, bedroom height not less than 7 ft, locked cabinet
2 m height, distance between beds not less than 35 inches, height of the bed not less than 12 inches,
double-decker bed distance not less than 27 inches and between two separate beds not less than 48
inches
Windows 10% of the floor area and 50% can be opened
Mosque and first aid room
One lavatory, bath and wash basin -10 persons; 1 urinal for 25 persons
19.0-Occupational Food Handling and Food Preparation Areas
20.0-Safety in Design (Construction)
21.0-Permit to Work Systems
Must contain undertakers’ information, nature/extent of job, hazards, limitations, timeframe,

implemented control measures, AP, permit holder, work party
22.0-Barricading of Hazards
Need for barricade: Danger of falling person, being struck by falling object, pedestrian or vehicle
entering the site, danger of injury from equipment/process/machinery or maintenance and to control
access to identified hazard or hazardous area
Types of barricade
Soft: scissors/expanding, post and chain, plastic cone and plank, bunting, plastic mesh
Hard: hoarding fence panels, scaffolding tube and fitting, road barriers, free-standing rigid A-frame
barricade
Barricade Tape: Account of reasonably practicable deflection of an object from a structure below if it
falls must be considered. With <2 m fall potential, tape shall be installed at least 2 m back from the
edge
Mesh: Top edge height between 90 cm-120 cm, no sagging,
Security: fencing and security guard; Weekly inspection and record maintenance; Inspection after
accident
23.0-Working at Heights
Anchorage: max 0.04” deflection on 10kN(1020kg); PFAS anchorage withstand minimum dead
weight of 2450 kg/person (tested/certified by competent person)
Hierarchy of Control: Avoid – Fall prevention – Minimize the distance/consequence of fall
Tool straps to avoid falling of tools
Emergency response procedure for; Electrical hazards – power equipment use – hot work –
chemicals
W@H personnel: exclusion: dizziness/vertigo/fear of heights/physically unfit
Guardrail System
<2m height: single guardrail 950mm
Proprietary systems to be installed as per manufacturer’s recommendations
2m or >2m: Top rail 950mm – Mid rail 470mm – toe board 150mm – Capable of 1.25kN (127kg)
downward/outward withstanding – minimum downward deflection 50mm – rail diameter 60mm
– for wire rope usage 2m interval bunting
SAFETY NET: Personnel nets 100mm mesh – material protection 12mm-19mm – max distance
of fall 2m – if net is 1.5m down from platform; 2.5m horizontal distance from the platform edge
– if 1.5m-2m; 3m horizontal distance
Drop test: 180kg sandbag 750mm dropped from 1m or above;
Testing & Inspection: initially and 6-month interval if stayed long; cord testing every 3 months
– test cords not to be used as tie cords

Border rope webbing MBS 22.2kN (2260kg)
Inspection of belts, harnesses, lanyards every 6 months by competent/trained

Anchorage to be inspected after every 12 months by competent rigger/scaffolder or specialist
installer
Fall arrest devices every 3 months by competent person; fully serviced
Life line horizontal/vertical every 12 months
Slings inspection every 3 months by banksman; 12 months by competent testing organization
Standard railing height for stairs between 760mm-860mm with 2.1m clearance
Roofs: 2m or more height of sloping with protected edges provide guardrail, toe boards, PFAS,
safety net system
24.0-Lock-out - Tag out (Isolation)
“introduction of a device to isolate energy sources & placement of tag on isolated device to show that
the equipment is out of service for repair or maintenance.”
Tags are warning devices – do not provide physical restraints

25.0-Driver Fatigue Prevention
26.0-Scaffolding
>10 m 3rd party trained
Apart from first lift, distance between lifts not more than 3m
If internal gap is more than 225mm, edge protection and FBH
Sole boards baseplates 225mm x 450mm
Board to board gap <25mm and total platform gap <50mm
Plywood thickness for covering gaps 17mm; gap not greater 500mm
Ties are to be used when platform is 3 times higher than width
Horizontal distance between ties 3 bays; vertical 4m/2 lifts; tie capacity 6.2kN (630kg)
Through tie – Box tie – lip tie – raker – buttress – anchor bolt (10mm) – reveal tie (3.5
kN(356kg); not more than 50% of total ties)
Max ladder installation gap 500mm; Guy wire : every 6.1m on both sides with top 6.1m unsupported
27.0-Confined Space
Hazards/Risks: Fire – high temperature – gases – water – free flowing solid
SSoW: Permit to Work – Supervision – Competence – Communication – Emergency/Rescue Plan –

Atmospheric Testing – Ventilation/removal of residue – Isolation of gases/electrical/mechanical –
Appropriate equipment – PPE/RPE – Access/Egress – Fire protection/Control – Lighting
28.0-Hot Work Operations (e.g. Welding and Cutting)
Risks: Fire & Explosion – Burns – Fumes – Gases – Ventilation – Electricity – Radiation
Controls for Fumes & Gases: Removal of rust inhibitor paints before welding – away positioning from
fume – Segregation of degreasing – General/dilution/LEV
ventilation – LEV inlet as close as possible
SDS – protection from burns – screening (radiation) – Welding booths – good condition of gas
system – First aiders
Fire protection – welding machine connected with RCD – Combustible 10 m away
Continuous fire watch and 1 hour afterwards

Gas Welding
Good regulators – Flashback Arrestors – Good Hose Fittings – Not Near Hot Metals or Heat –
No Smoking
Storage
Vertical storage – separate full/empty – no direct sunlight or heat – oxy 6 m away from
acetylene/LPG – separate stores for oxy and LPG or acetylene – if laid down, keep 15 min
upright before use – Blue color for oxygen hose – Red of acetylene or other gases – orange
for LPG
Inspection
Daily/weekly/6-monthly functional test by competent person
5-yearly refurbishment/replacement
29.0-Excavation Work
30.0-Lone Working and/ or in Remote Locations
30.1-Working in International Locations
31.0-Working on, Over or Adjacent to Water
33.0-Working On or Adjacent to a Road
Traffic Control Plan

Planning & Design developed in accordance with DoT, Municipality design manuals and NOC and
CoC (Certificate of Completion) is obtained
 Pedestrian/properties requiring vehicular access maintained at all times

 UGS protection
 For any breaking of the road Notice of Intent and approval from authorities
 Road obstructions by plant or material to be signed and guarded, considering the needs of
disabled
 Qualified/trained Supervisor and trained/qualified operative
 Induction training for road works
 Visitor appropriate instructions accompanied by trained person at all times
 TCP must consider all zone activities RA
 Exact sequence of construction operations, to be performed, schedule of activities etc
 Public right-of-way
 Safety devices and equipment (cones, barriers, signs)
 Traffic control assessment is carried out by road safety engineer
 Traffic conditions major, minor, high, low speed, residential, commercial, rural, peak hours
 Weather conditions, time of day
 Extent of disruption caused by work like closure of 1 or 2 lanes
 One emergency lane must be provided if not work area must be in such a manner to cater
emergency vehicles
 If road speed is 80km/hr or low, workers can cross via designed cross points
 On high-speed roads, appropriate means of crossing must be provided and no crossing on foot
 2 high intensity rear reversing lamps with audible alarm for equipment
 Reversing through banksman but within the view of driver
 For two-way traffic flow 2.75 m for one-way working and 5.5 m for 2-way working
 Lower edge of signboard 300mm clear from the ground

 If appropriate lighting not available, reflective signs to be posted
Tapering
Sideways clearance between work area and moving traffic
0.6m if <80km/hr and 1.2m if 80km or more
Exit taper 45o to the curbside or road edge

Placement of sign to show the width of work area to the oncoming traffic
Additional barrier at Lead-in taper where road speed is 80km/hr or more
Buffer Zone: Additional lane at least 1 m space between work area and traffic
Cone placement:
Distance between cones not more than 9m

In taper of 45 degrees, curb line cones spaced 1.2 m apart
Advance Warning Signage

Road works ahead, Road Narrows ahead, Keep Right/Left
On road of 80 km/hr or more, all ahead signs must have distance in meters mentioned on them
Road Lamps (amber lights): not higher than 1.2 m above road and 120-150 flashes/minute
If when;
When road speed is under 60km/hr
Road danger lamp within 50 m of street lamp
Street shall be illuminated
Lamps are steady
Pedestrian Access:
At least 1.5 m width
Rigid barriers
1.0-1.2 m above ground barrier
Night Work:
Two high intensity rear fog lamps automatically switching on when reversing
Floodlit
For lane closures flashing arrows
If floodlighting is not possible for whole site, floodlight traffic arrows and stop/slow signs
Floodlighting shall not adversely affect the road users
33.1-Traffic Incident Site Management
34.0-Safe Use of Lifting Equipment and Lifting Accessories
Training:
Operator: UAE License appropriate for the equipment; 3rd party training by approved training
provider
Signallers/slingers: Trained specifically in signaling and slinging techniques by an approved 3rd
training provider
Updated lifting plan including special (complex) lifts

Design drawings, survey plans, services plan etc
Notification/approval from all relevant authorities/service providers before start
Secured against unauthorized access
Critical Lifting (OSHA Standard 1926.751)

A lift that (1) exceeds 75 percent of the rated capacity of the crane, or (2) requires the use of more
than one crane
Appointed Person

Min. 5-year experience in working with lifting equipment

Previous experience with similar type of crane
Trained/competent signaler/slinger in possession of a certificate from an approved 3rd party
training provider
Previous supervisory experience in operating cranes or managing lifting operations
Appointed Person shall be in writing and recorded as part of lifting plan
Lifting Plan Requirements:
Appointed Person
List of responsibilities Appointed Person, rigger, operator etc
Detailed procedure of lifting operation
Details of crane capacities at various radius
Sketch of lift – equipment and personnel placement, distances, maximum weight capacity,
radii
Copies and register of crane operator competency certificates (3rd party)
Copies and register of rigger competency certificates (3rd party)
Copies of all test certificates (3rd party) for lifting equipment and accessories
Schedule of common lifts how to perform the task
Schedule of special lifts on how to plan and ensure safe execution
Written procedure of planned maintenance requirements for crane
Copies of Risk Assessments
General Hazards
Lack of competency and testing certifications
Unauthorized use of lifting equipment
Failure of lifting equipment/accessories
Dropped load while suspended
Unstable ground condition
Collision of two cranes or crane with fixed structure
Visibility
Lifting of people
Communication
Fatigue
Struck by load
Striking overhead cables by load or lifting equipment
Health risks from oils and grease
Contact with moving machinery
Factors for Selection of Lifting Equipment

Weight of load – frequency and duration of work – environmental conditions – mobility of
crane on one or multiple locations – lifting radius
Safe Use of Lifting Equipment

Safe Working Load: Known & clearly understood – Marked – Angle
Load Radius Indicators: visible load radius indicator, may be incorporated with safe load indicators.
Safe Load Indicators: For lifting equipment for capacity of 1 ton or more, must be fitted with safe
load indicator, which emits audible warning on the approach of safe working load. Clearly visible to
operator and calibrated to specific crane requirements (automatic safe load indicator to be considered
to prevent the crane from exceeding SWL by restricted the radius operation, which SWL is reached ).
Means of Communication
Agreed and recognized means of communication (documented in Lifting Plan)
Hand signals only to be used when clear visibility is maintained
Otherwise, radio communication shall be used
For TOWER CRANES more than 35m from ground, radio communication is mandatory
between the crane operator and signaler/slinger.

Only authorized persons to give signals and operators not to accept signals from any other person
Wind Speed
Anemometer to be fitted at the highest point of crane, handheld anemometer to be used as
secondary means
Daily meteorological reports
Cease lifting if wind is in excess of 38km/h
Lifting Operation:
Double-wrapped reinforcement bars
Prohibited cradle lifting
Clearly marked SWL
Before load movement, slight raising of the load off its resting level to ensure the accessory is
secured
Not to be lifted over employees, never on general public
Collision of Lifting Equipment

Planned lifting through supervision
Anti-collision device as far as reasonably practicable
Emergency radio for tower cranes in same radii, only to be used in emergency
Emergency Procedure:
Recovery of collapse operator/erector
Suspension trauma
Overturning of crane while lifting
Load being snagged during lifting
Compromised security of load during lifting
TOWER CRANES:
 ADM permit/erection permit/drawing/specifications to be available
 Risk assessment
 All movements of crane boom or counter load shall be inside plot limit.
 TC to be placed where there is no risk of collision
 Anti-collision device in case of two cranes in same radius
 Crane bases shall be checked and signed off by competent engineer.
 Competent erectors.
 Electrical connections through competent electrician.
 Electrical cables feeding TC distribution board shall be steel wire armor protected.
 Safety harness and clips on when erecting the crane
 All temporary erection platforms/components to be removed prior to hand over with
manufacturer’s instructions.
 Hand over certificate by the erector on completion.
 Prior to hand over, full test of crane by approved 3rd party engineer.
 Crane manufacturer and operating manual to be available on site.
 If anemometer is fitted on TC, repeater shall be fitted at the base of crane or in project site office.
 Resting platforms at every 9 m with appropriate edge protection
 Aviation lights
 Monthly 3rd party inspection along with accessories
 Daily weekly inspection
 Crane 1 year 3rd party test and for accessories every 6 months
 Annual training for operation/rigger 3rd party and quarterly refresher training
 NDT for cranes of 15 years of age and above

Excavators used as cranes:

Safe Working Load >1 ton
Fitted with check valves to the boom and outward reach of the arm
Automatic safe load indicator
Lifting to be carried out in outward reach mode only
Safe load clearly marked on the machine and displayed in cab
Certified lifting point, no use of teeth in any circumstances
Passenger Hoists:
Inspected every 6 months
Fitted with interlock devices
MEWP:
PAL card holder operators
6-monthly 3rd party inspection
Safety harness to be worn at all times
SWL marked and displayed
Emergency lowering device
Detailed Risk Assessment
Examination & Testing

Lifting Equipment/Accessories: 12 months (3rd Party) by competent approved engineer
Lifting Equipment/Accessories (Persons): 6 months (3 rd Party) by competent approved
engineer
Cranes with variable radii used for lifting: SWL test at least once/4 years
Weekly detailed inspection of equipment by operator

Daily visual inspection of accessories by rigger
Weekly detailed inspection of accessories by rigger
Planned preventive maintenance system for lifting equipment

35.0-Portable Power Tools
Electric powered – pneumatic powered – hydraulic powered (jacks) – power actuated tools
(nail guns)
Risks: shocks – burns – electrocution – Improper PPE – Incorrect connections – RCDs

passed by – unplanned energizing during maintenance – accidental release of
hydraulic/pneumatic energy – damage of tool – high pressure fluid injury – noise and
vibration
Electrically Powered:
Battery or cordless tools (low battery)
110v with step down generator OR 240v protected with 30mA RCD
Constant pressure switch for handheld tools
Positive on/off controls with provision of emergency stop button for freestanding or bench-
mounted tools
Double insulated
PPE
Industrial sockets/plugs shall be used both for 110v and 240v
No use of domestic 3 pin socket in construction
Maintenance/repair/cleaning only unplugged state
Sheathed cables – no tapped or non-standard joints – gripped sheath on entrance to plug or tool –
good outer casing – no signs of overheating on plug
Safety of class 1 equipment dependent on fixed electrical connection to earth
Safety of class 2 equipment is not dependent on fixed electrical connection to earth due to features
like double insulation
3-monthly PAT test by competent person for all construction sites
Compressed air tools: air receivers marked with safe working pressure, safety valve, pressure gauge
and drain cock
Air compressors positioned on the firm and leveled surface
Air intake not exposed to atmospheric contamination like fumes or dust
Shut off valve
Whip-checking fittings
Compressed air not used for cleaning unless <30 psi
Safe operating pressure not to be exceeded
Hoses with more than 12mm inside diameter at source of supply to reduce pressure in case of failure
De-pressurize the system

Load limits on jacks must be specified, stop indicator to be available
36.0-Plant and Equipment
Safe Access at least 600mm width for operation, maintenance, emergency

Does not obstruct doorways or emergency exits
37.0-Ladders
Industrial-rated ladders
1 m higher than the highest level that needs to be accessed
6.1 m industrial stepladder/9m single industrial ladder/15m industrial extension ladder/5.5 m
wooden platform step ladder or wooden industrial pole ladder
Stepladder maximum working height 1.8m

Until properly guarded, does not work above the 3rd step of the top of the stepladder
Not to use near open floor edge/penetration/on scaffolding to gain extra height
Combined weight of person + tools must not exceed 120kg
Ties to be attached at top/bottom to the stiles not rungs
Not to be used for horizontal platform, runway or scaffold
Maximum standing area 3rd highest rung
Not to be used to gain height against protected edges of scaffold of MEWP
3-point contact
Electrical safety: Metal or wire-reinforced ladders not to be used:

Near or on 110v or greater conductors
Within 6m of live 1500v overhead power supply or high voltage equipment
For height >2m, harness & safety line provided, for ladder accessing a pole, a pole strap is provided
Regular inspections and tags

38.0-Concrete Placing Equipment
Concrete Pumping Work: planned/organized/supervised

Trained/competent personnel
Safe location/site for pumping
Maintained/inspected concrete placing equipment
Design drawings, site surveys, service plans, nature and location of hazards, building
materials and structure in relation with surrounding

Notification/approval to utility service providers before work
Secure to prevent unauthorized entry
Risk Assessment
Movement of concrete placing equipment/pipe lines around site
Access to difficult-to-reach areas
Access to pour area through site and access equipment
Space restrictions
Positioning of concrete pump/placement of boom
Recoil of flexible concrete placing pipe line when concrete is being pumped
Effects of high winds
High pressure, boom deterioration through internal friction/abrasion
Manual handing
Health hazards of working with wet concrete
Safe positioning of pump on leveled, free-from-obstruction area, NOT over disturbed ground,
basements or pits, excavations, soft ground
Outriggers fully extended and baseplates to be used
If the area is soft, it must be ensured that the bearing pressure of outrigger foot does not
exceed that of ground
Safe access to come and leave the receiving hopper controlled by traffic controller for multiple trucks
Protective screens in case of public area, segregated
For deck area concreting, 950mm guardrail fixed, for access over deck, at least 2-plank
access, which can be moved back as the concrete progresses
INSPECTION: 3rd party annual inspection certificate and periodic inspection log
39.0-Overhead and Underground Services
Service provider consultation to obtain details on the size of overhead lines and restrictions that apply
when working in their vicinity
Request to isolate the line to service provider is to be submitted
If not possible, control measures to be implemented stipulated by service provider
Restricted to smallest possible working width for type of plant using roadway, not more than 10m
40.0-False Work (Formwork)
False Work: Temporary structure used to support a permanent structure during its erection and until
it becomes self-supporting.
Form Work: Form or mold into which the concrete is poured.
Load of the supported structures - its own weight - loads of wind or casting operations
Training: RA – Site Rules - SSoW - PPE
Design
Stability and effects of work sequence on stability of false work
Safe access/working platform for height for involved workforce.
Standard or bespoke (design calculations and loading sequence)
Sequence/method of pouring (continuous or in bays placed on different days), vibration, final
deflection, post-tensioning requirements (if applicable)
Dynamic loads
Dumping of concrete on false work from skips
Shock loads resulting from steel or precast elements

Surge loads reading to false work due to concrete pump lines
Vibration
Moving equipment or equipment supported by false work like crane erection
Openings in false work for access
Modification to be carried out only after designer consultation and approval.
Planning:
Properly planned - Design/Assurance of gained strength before stripping or dismantling
Description of site, design drawing, service plans
Information/Notification/approval to all interested parties and from authorities and utility service
providers
Work permits & authorization
Competent nominated person to monitor the controls for false work
HIRA and control measures implementation
Inspection of False Work equipment
Risk Assessment: Fall from height during erection - Falling material - Poor erection of false
work - Collapse of false work during erection/underload - Collapse of structural concrete where
the false work is removed - Manual handling of concrete shuttering and reinforcement - Struck by
crane, concrete skip - Ergonomics during steel fixing
SSoW: distributed, communicated, monitored, reviewed, updated

Erection method as per design
Sequence for structural integrity
Inspections & checks for false work components before use
PPE requirements
Lifting requirements
Permit to load
Permit to strike
Procedure
Material availability and inspection by competent as per design for suitability
Design drawings, standards details, checklists
If proprietary false work system, manufacturer’s instructions are available and followed
Upright support bases on the firm leveled ground, never directly on sand or soil
Fully boarded and safe platforms
For primary and secondary bearings, work below the working level on fully boarded platform
Avoidance of concrete contacts for employees
Control measures as per CoP 23.0 Working at height
Mechanical means where possible for steel reinforcement movement

Manual handling as per CoP 14.0 Manual handling and ergonomics
Do not overload false work deck
Steel stored as per engineers’ design and load calculations
No concrete placement until engineer’s inspection and signing off as per approved design
Permit to Load to be issued for meeting the satisfactory level and design requirements
Right before casting to ensure securing of all components
Progressive placement of concrete, no large accumulation of concrete in one area causing
overloading
Permit to Load requirements are passed on to employees to follow
Ensuring concrete has reached its required design strength before striking
Concrete strength is checked by laboratory with cube test
Permit to strike issued by employer after satisfaction of concrete strength
Permit to strike requirements are relayed to all involved

Exclusion zone during striking, no unauthorized entry
Controlled and progressive striking
Denailing of timber during striking
Remove of timber sheets progressively with the false work
For precast elements, bottom and top to be clearly marked

Proper lifting system to be arranged to avoid collision
Lateral supports to be provided before releasing the sling in case of beams with width to depth ratio
of 1:3
Regular/daily inspection of false work plant, equipment, working platform on false work
False work decks used for carpenters and steel fixers to be inspected daily visual inspections and
weekly documented inspection.
Maintenance, repair and modification of False Work and components as per manufacturer’s
recommendations and guidelines, no unauthorized repair
41.0-Steel Erection
Obtain necessary permits/authorization and necessary notifications for steel erection

Nominate a competent person in the type of steel erection experienced in implementation of SSoW
Fencing and overhead barriers
Design drawings, site surveys, plans of services, information on the nature and location of
hazardous materials, nature of building materials and building structure’s relationship to the
surrounding properties.
Notification to the owners of adjoining buildings in case of crane usage or out-of-hour work
Safe System of Work

Detailed erection Scheme and phasing of work
Proximity or access restrictions – ground conditions – PPE – UGS/OHS detection/protection –
cranes & lifting gears
No deviation from the steel erection sequence
GENERAL HAZARDS: UGS/OHS – restricted access/space of erection/maneuvering/pre-

assembly/ground bearing capacity – proximity of other structures or general public area – other
contractors – barriers/no unauthorized entry
PREPARATION & BASES

Sound foundation for each column to be capable of vertical load and horizontal thrust, when
temporary props are removed
Components placed as close as possible with clear access
Stability of structure information is relayed to all workers
Cranes: Suitable type and number of cranes – AP for lifting
Lifting of steel members

Planned routes for lifting – certified slinger/signaler – slightly off the ground before completely
raising – exclusion zones
Stability of Structures
Special controls to be considered for temporary cessation of structure – incomplete fastening –
high winds – improvised supports not to be used
Anchorage: as per design specifications

Beam-walking is strictly prohibited

For large steel erection works, usage of MEWP to be considered
If MEWPs are not practical, specifically designed man-riding skips or cradles suspended from
cranes may be used
42.0-Pre Cast Construction
Precast concrete element: made by on-site, off-site casting, lifted to its position to form a part of
structure.
Tilt-up: Flat precast concrete panel, casted in horizontal position, lifted by rotation about one edge
until its vertical or near vertical position, transported and lifted, then stabilized by bracing members
until incorporated into final structure.
Responsibilities:
Properly designed, planned, organized and supervised (safety matters included)
Trained for the job workforce, well-maintained/inspected equipment
Safe location for work, secured workplace
Design drawings, service plans, site survey, surrounding structure relationship,
Notification/approval to and by authorities, service providers before start
Designer Responsibilities:
Design to include fall protection tie off points
Care in design against progressive collapse
Size and slenderness of elements
Concrete strength required for safe lifting with lifting inserts as per manufacturer’s instructions
Stages of pre-cast
Design – Prefabrication – Handling/storage/transport – Erection & temporary braces – Fixing into
final structure – Brace removal – Modification/demolition
Hazards
Ground conditions – OH/UGS – weather conditions – W@H – manual handling – other activities
around – hazardous substances – equipment movement – uncontrolled collapse during
handling/erection when braced or when lifted – caught up between precast elements and/or elements
and equipment/fixed structures
Factors for likelihood of uncontrolled collapse

Faulty design – faulty lifting inserts/connectors – poorly secured load – incorrect lifting techniques –
weakness due to errors in fabrication – inappropriate lifting equipment/accessories – unstable ground
– inappropriate structural capacity of footing – damaged elements – inappropriate temporary storage
Environmental Factors
Exceeding wind speed – wet weather – extreme temperature
Documented SSoW
Detailed erection scheme
Work phasing in relation to other contractors
Any special requirements shall be highlighted at the pre-contract stage
Ground conditions especially for crane positioning
PPE
Selection of appropriate crane and gears in according with CoP 34.0
Planning Crane Requirements

CoP 34.0 to be followed
Setting up crane as per erection sequence to avoid rear slewing hitting the elements of braces
supporting previously erected pre-cast elements
Tandem lifting with proper lifting plan to prevent unplanned contact btw them
Written procedures for setting up the crane
Appropriate lifting gears and accessories selection and if rotation to be carried out, snatch block
for rotation of element while suspended

Means to disengage rigging gear once temporarily fixed
Documentation for crane selection, erection and dismantling to be retained by authorized person until
the completion of project
Documentation
Proprietary Documentation – prefabricator’s inspection & statement – risk assessment –
structural design drawings – marking plans (each element) – shop drawings – erection
documentation
Documented sequence of work including construction & erection
Stabilization methods to prevent collapse
Crane requirements
Signed copies of instructions/advices/diagrams by an engineer
A copy of notification to responsible authority regarding pre-cast construction
A copy of any report, license or authority to carry out pre-cast work
Design Documentation
Proprietary systems manufacturer specifications and erection procedures must be available at
site and briefed to erection crew.
DONOT mix different components of different systems without approval of compatibility by the
supplier and designer.
Design drawings including base requirements for final structure must be prepared by an
engineer.
Design drawings including approval of proprietary or manufactured inserts/fixings signed off by
competent engineer.
Erection Documentation
Erection sequence – orientation of elements – configuration and size of erection braces (knee or
cross bracing as per engineer) – bracing details (brace footing, bracing fixing, concrete strength
of brace footing at the time of erection by an engineer)
Levelling shim details
Requirements of grouting as per engineer
Design Requirement for handling, storage and transport

Size, weight, shape – to be lifted with edge or face – to be rotated during erection or not – cast
in fittings – dynamic and impact loading during transportation – erection and bracing load –
wind load on the braced panels during erection – construction loads including backfill and
surcharge load – permanent loads – increase in design load due to wind and seismic load –
additional loads of brace footing, reinforcement
Consideration of availability of crane to undertake lifting and erection
Location and proximity of overhead power supplies
Access to and around the site
Bracing, propping and grouting requirements
Load capacity of the lifting inserts are assessed
When fixed length multi-legged slings are to be used for lifting pre-cast concrete elements,
any two of the lifting inserts shall be capable of supporting the total load
Lifting Inserts: configured in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations, including

component reinforcement for the direction of the applied load – lifting inserts as per shop drawings –
number of lifting inserts required is assessed and dependent on several factors including pre-cast
concrete size and shape, insert capacity and insert location – location of lifting inserts is
interrelated to reinforcement design and proposed erection procedure
Cast-In Fixings: threaded inserts – weld plates – brackets (designed and specified by an
engineer; installed as per manufacturer’s recommendation – permanent fixings or connections are to
be used for temporary use during construction, it shall not compromise the long term performance –
Impact driven fixings including explosive charge driven fixings shall not be used unless
confirmation is received from the engineer that method of fixing is acceptable
Handling, storage, transport, loading/unloading

Rigging system – brace footing concrete strength – availability of fixing bolts – minimize
likelihood of impact between elements – racking system, frames, supports designed by engineer
– engineer’s approval for storing horizontally or on suspended floor beams – barriers between
vehicles and elements – overhead power lines/height restrictions on site – other activities on
site during transportation – recognized routes – traffic management plan – differential road
cambers as they induce torsion load on long elements – loading relative to unloading sequence
– individually secured elements – visible identification marks before and during loading –
compatibility of lifting inserts with lifting system, clearly marked
Support Frames
Must withstand loads and forces
If support frames are not integral part of vehicle, then they must be properly secured
Erection Process
Erection sequence and structural stability during erection including temporary braces, props and
fixings
Crane size, configuration, mobility and access
Working radius of crane shown on crane layout drawing
Height access equipment appropriate to the construction methods
Site limitations and local street access
Underground power lines and utilities
Appropriate structural strength and continuity of structure
Regular inspection of braces, bracing inserts, fixings and connections, all braced and bracing
pre-cast concrete elements
Torque of brace bolts checked 24 hours after erection or as specified
Only authorized persons in lifting area – access restriction to prevent crushing – if suspended load
over persons is inevitable, backup slinging system to be used designed by the engineer where
backup slinging system shall be capable of containing all suspended precast load in the event of
failure of primary slinging system – appropriate signage – no crossing for public
Rigging of precast elements is carried out as per CoP 34.0
No work against leaning precast element or between elements being lifted
Wedging and jacking to be carried out in case of lift being stopped
No pre-fitted braces to be hung below the level of the base of element
Precast to be held by crane when braces are to be attached
Regular inspection of braces, brace bolts and pins
Nominate one responsible person for coordination of erection
Trained and competent erection crew in working lifting equipment & accessories
Trained, licenses and competent crane operator max. rated capacity of crane
Spotter to signal in case any plant approaching elements
Barricades for separation between plant and braces
Hazard warning arrangements to make braces obvious near access area
No movement of plant near erected elements unless it is required like MEWP
Bracing removal requires engineer’s approval
One brace not to be used for two elements unless it is specified in shop drawing
Bracing locking pins with retaining devices to avoid any accidental dislodgement of locking pins
and checked on regular basis
Regular inspection of bracing, inserts, fixings and connections as per inspection schedule
prepared a competent person
Superimposed loads are not applied to pre-cast elements in temporary braced condition until
cleared by competent engineer and allowed by design
Attachment of reinforced steel with pre-cast elements must be detailed by the competent
engineer
Documentation signed by the engineer on material storage, maximum allowable quantity stored
or any other conditions
43.0-Temporary Structures
Safe access/egress
Concrete base and bottom to be closed
Fully emergency plan for 2 or more portable buildings
Fire detecting and fighting equipment as per UAE F&L Safety Code
Spacing between as per UAE F&L Safety Code
For multiple portable buildings access, footpaths, segregation to be maintained as per CoP 44
Traffic Management and Logistic
Electrical installations as per CoP 15.0 Electrical Safety and installations to be inspected and
tested every 6 months
Lifting points to be tested and certified by 3rd party for lifting of portable buildings
Metal stairs with guardrails and toe board for stacked buildings
For stacked buildings roof of lower building and floor of upper building to be fire-rated as per
UAE F&L Safety Code
44.0-Traffic Management & Logistics
Site Traffic Management

Planned, organized, supervised
Pedestrian and vehicle routes to be segregated/clearly marked with signs and barriers/separate
entrance exit for both
Appropriate speed limits
Traffic shall be stopped at site entrance to brief by the competent person
Regularly reviewed and updated
Planned to minimize reversing by introducing one-way system
Sound quality of construction and surface for traffic routes
Vehicle width and turning radius to be considered
Parking area
Emergency routes to be maintained along with alternate emergency routes
Traffic marshals to direct and oversee traffic arrangements for public safety (Hi-Viz jackets),
appropriate shelter for TMs, full view of the driver while reversing, preventing any pedestrian
movement behind reversing
If reversing is required, audible alarms and flashing amber lights fitted with reverse gear, designated
reversing area, TMs to be used as last resort, fully trained TMs
Multi-language signboards
Junctions/pedestrian crossing points to be provided
Speed bumps to be signposted, clearly marked
Traffic Management Plan

General description of site – RA – layout drawings – estimated traffic volume – traffic control
measures – location of designated parking – persons overseeing arrangements – details of vehicle
driver/operator site rules – arrangements for visiting drivers – list of marshals and records of training
– emergency procedure (collision, overturning, breakdown, pedestrian struck by vehicle, vehicle fire)
Logistics:
Before start of work; establishment of site perimeter fencing – provision of welfare facilities to meet
the requirements of anticipated workforce – establishment of site offices – provision of traffic routes,
delivery areas and storage areas
Storage area:
Concrete hard-standing area for palletized materials
Palletized materials not stacked no more than 3 pallets or according to manufacturer

recommendations, whichever is less
Appropriate space to move freely
Defined by barriers and signboards
Safe loading/unloading to be considered
Maintained in good order
45.0-Underwater Activities
46.0-Underground Construction
One designated person on above-ground duty

Check in/out procedure for accurate count of persons underground and preventing unauthorized
entry
Immediate assistance and summoning emergency
Audible signals
Signals to machine operators with competent banksman
No lone working, at least two workers with intrinsically safe communication system
Appropriate first aider/boxes, stretchers and blankets, appropriate means of transport for injured
persons
If 25 persons or more employed for UG work, fully equipped and trained rescue team
If less than 25, direct means of communication with local services
All underground structures and those within opening to underground fire resistance rating of 1 Hr
Non-flammable/combustible material 30 m away from UG opening
Enough fuel gas or oxygen cylinders for welding/cutting/hot work only allowed for 12hr period
Crane lifting points/Excavation areas lux rating 100 Lux min from at least two widely separated areas
to avoid shadows
Atmospheric condition: oxygen not less than 19.5% - 70% Nitrogen – 0.03% CO2
Piling:
UGS – located, clearly marked, rendered safe, relevant utility service provider consultation, ground
survey for UG storage tanks
Piling rigs with SWL >1 ton with fully operational Automatic Safe Load Indicator
Firm surface as per rig bearing – supervised rig movement by trained/competent banksman –
barriers – maintained rig – 1.2-1.5 m extended pile case above ground for edge protection –
spoils from auger piling activities to be cleared regularly – piles to be concreted same day, if not
covered properly – load on the crane hook to be kept vertical and care with raising and
lowering sheet piles – lifting of steel reinforcement cages under direction supervision of competent
engineers and lifting points designed to withstand the reinforcement cage construction and load –
sheet piles and cases not to be left vertical until 1/3 rd driven into ground – sheet extraction
under competent engineer
No tripod is used until rig is tested and legs are marked with identification number
Tripod legs not be overspread or overloaded
SWL to be clearly mentioned on the winch and record kept
All parts of winch to be guarded
Correct pins to be used for sheerlegs
Maintained ropes
If rope/chain block is used to extract casings, capacity of chain block shall not exceed the
capacity of rig
At least 2 full turns of rope must be available on the winch drum at all times
46.1-Construction of Water Wells
47.0-Machine Guarding
Hazards: points of operation – in-running nips – rotating parts – flying chips/sparks
Affixed with machine or secured elsewhere around

Guard to be painted in same color (High-Viz Yellow), paint the surface behind guard in different color
Securely anchored machine that are designed for fixed location
Fitted with means of isolation from all energy resources, clearly identified and locked isolators if
reconnection could place people at risk
Lock/tag out system
Easily approachable emergency devices, emergency stops tested on regular basis
Guards to be removed or opened only with aid of tool and when not in operation
2-hand trip devices – point of operation devices – electronic safety devices
Fixed guards
Interlocking guards
Automatic guards/push-away guards; only suited for slow machines
Distance guards
Trip guards: photoelectric curtains, laser scanners, pressure mats
48.0-Spray Finishing
Hazardous Area: An area where flammable or explosive gas or vapor-air mixture are or may be
expected to be present in quantities, which require special precautions to be taken against risk of
ignition.
Lower Explosive Limit LEL of a combustible gas: Smallest amount of the gas that supports a self-
propagating flame when mixed with air (or oxygen) and ignited.
Zone 0,1,2
49.0-Compressed Gases & Air
Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level: 14.7 psi

Compressed Gas: Any gas, which enclosed in container gives: absolute pressure greater than
40psi@21oC, greater than 104psi@54oC and any flammable liquid having vapor pressure greater
than 40psi @38oC
Cryogenic Gas: A liquid with normal boiling point -150oC
Liquefied Gas: within a pressurized container, which exits both liquid and gas @20oC
Pyrophoric gas: spontaneously ignite in air at or below 54.4oC
Safety Valves: pop full open at a preset pressure
Relief Valves: open slightly with pressure increase
Compressed Gas Cylinders:
Handling:
flashback arrestors to be fitted with both regulator and torch end of oxy/fuel gas system
Cylinders never to be used without pressure-reducing regulator
Cylinders to be kept away from grease/oil
Cylinders are never to be brought in confined spaces/unventilated rooms
Never empty full cylinders, there must always be a residual pressure of 30psi
Unless cylinder is closed tightly, no attempt to be made to stop the leak between cylinder and
regulator
If leak occurs in fuel gas cylinders: take away from ignition/heat source
Valve protection devices shall not be used for lifting
Storage:
Secured to prevent falling – chains/clamps/straps to keep upright – protected from ignition
sources/electric arc/radiant heat – 6 m away from high combustible material – well ventilated
storage – No ignition source – safety signage – not store on temperature above 51 oC –
authorized access only – oxy cylinders 6 m away from fuel cylinders/combustibles or non-
combustible barrier (2m height or 46 cm above the tallest cylinder and fire resistance rating of
1 hr – liquefied fuel-gas cylinders to be transported in such a manner that relief valve in direct contact
of vapor space at all times – acetylene and liquefied fuel gas stored with valve end up – prevent
direct contact with ground in stores – portable fire extinguishers to be available – spark proof tools
when working with flammable gases
Inspection & testing:
Hydrostatic testing every 5 years by qualified testing facility
50.0-Abrasive Blasting & Associated Protective Coating Works
51.0-Powered Lift Trucks
Operators: Licensed – 3rd party certified

Training – Basic/Specific/Familiarization
Training records are to be maintained by employer for duration of employment plus 1 year
Medical Screening: Health questionnaire – Eyesight (ability to read license plate from 20.5 m
distance) – Blood pressure – Mobility – Height/weight – hearing
Inspection checklists to be maintained for 1 year
Safe distance – 3 trucks length
52.0-Local Exhaust Ventilation
53.0-OSH Management During Construction Work
Responsibilities of PM/Client Rep/Consultant/Resident Eng.

All stakeholders are fully aware of OSH regulatory duties
Review/Approval of OSH-CMP (CoP 53.1)
Active participation in activities like induction – training – promotional – communication &
consultation – reporting OSH hazards/incidents
Risk management – info for residual risks relayed to all
Contractor/subcontractor monitoring
Reporting to developer/client as per Element 7 Mon/investi/repo.
Periodic audit the performance of PC and reporting to client, immediately notifying continued
NC by PC and subcontractor to client
53.1-OSH Construction Management Plan
OSH-CMP is site-specific plan developed to ensure that appropriate OSH management practices are
developed, implemented and monitored during the construction phase of the project.
OBJECTIVES:
Implementation of COMMITMENT TO OSH
initial framework for OSH MS
COMPLIANCE WITH LEGAL REQUIREMENTS along with OSHAD-SF
RISK MANAGEMENT of construction activities
Establish TRAINING PROGRAMS for staff/operatives to task/role/project requirements
STRUCTURED MANAGEMENT S&H ISSUES in integrated manner
Establish CONTROL AND COORDINATION IN ALL PARTIES during construction phase
Generate a CULTURE WHERE EVERYBODY UNDERSTANDS HIS/HER ROLE ensuring
INCIDENTS AND ILL-HEALTH ARE PREVENTED AND IMPACT TO ENVIRONMENT IS
MINIMIZED
SAFE WORKPLACE for all those work on the project

Contents of OSH-CMP
Section 1-4 – Compulsory management systems and control measures required for all projects
Section 5 – Some of the common hazards & impacts with control measures (site specific)
Section 1: Project Details: Name/Title of project – client/consultant – designers – PC –

subcontractors – other relevant personnel
Section 2: Document Control: Initial issue – present issue – mechanism to record changes –
distribution list
Section 3: Project Description: Location – Scope – Schedules/Milestones
Section 4: Project OSH Management
-OSH Policy and Management

-Roles & Responsibilities
-OSH legal requirements – law/standards/regulatory authorities/interested parties
-Management of Contractors – Selection/Appointment –Ongoing Management
-OSH Risk Management – RM Procedure – Project Risk Register – SubCon RA/MS review and
approval
-Training & Awareness – Project Specific T&A – Induction Training – TBTs
-OSH Incidents – Investigation procedures – Incident Reports – Hazard/Near Miss Reporting
-Consultation & Communication – Workforce Involvement – OSH meetings – Internal/External
Communications – Consultation – OSH notice Board
-Monitoring, Inspection & Auditing – General – Internal Audit & Inspection – Nonconformance and
Corrective Action – OSH Monitoring Requirements – OSH Reporting Requirements
-OSH-CMP Review & Update
-OSH File
Section 5: Project Specific Information
54.0-Waste Management
Waste Generator
Minimize waste generation at the source and source segregation
Segregate hazardous/non-hazardous/medical waste in separate bins
Correct storage of waste to minimize the impact to environment and human health
Do not mix incompatible waste
Valid permits of Registered Service Providers
Transfer of waste to appropriate facility
Keeping the records of waste manifests/transfer for at least 5 years
If the waste is rejected by facility, generator identifies the appropriate facility with guidance from
CWM-AD
Hazardous waste generator is responsible for classifying, having valid permit, storing and managing
according to hazards to minimize risk to human health and environment

UAE FIRE & LIFE SAFETY CODE OF PRACTICE 2018

CIVIL DEFENSE REQUIREMENTS FOR PORTA-CABIN OFFICES
 <6 months; temporary; no strict requirements

 >6 months; permanent; following requirements to be met
 To avoid fire-rating requirements distance between units must be 3m or more
 If <3m, then facing walls of units must be 1 Hr fire-rated
 Fire extinguishers inside and outside and hose reel with pump
 Fire alarm system with panel/ NOT BATTERY OPRATED
 Emergency lights and exits
 Emergency Vehicles Access road with width of 6m and 45m dead end length,
4.5m gateway, roundabout
 Nearing edge not less than 2m and not more than 10m
 If office area is 3600f2, sprinklers are required
For firefighting in under construction building
For high-rise like G+1+2+3+…. Staircase standpipe vertical 6” (either
temporary/permanent), rental/own FF pump, hose reel cabinet on every floor,
pressurized, manual fire alarm
For villa, no such requirements
SECURITY REQUIREMENTS
Approved Security Company by
ASSD: Axillary Security Services Department OR
PSBD: Personal Security Business Department
Required Training for Security Guard
NSI: National Security Institute OR
TSTI: Tatweer Security Training Institute

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Assessment

Aspect Qualitative Risk Assessment Quantitative Risk Assessment
Definition An analysis of risks based on An analysis of risks using numerical

subjective judgment, experience, and data and mathematical calculations.
expert opinions.
Focus Identifies and evaluates risks Assigns specific values to risks and
qualitatively, without assigning precise calculates probabilities and potential
values or metrics. losses.
Data Used Relies on descriptive information, past Utilizes historical data, statistical
experiences, expert opinions, and analysis, and probabilistic models.
qualitative indicators.
Risk Levels Often categorizes risks into qualitative Measures risks in terms of
levels (low, medium, high) or ranks probabilities, expected monetary
them. values, and impact levels.
Uncertainty Acknowledges and addresses Attempts to quantify and reduce

uncertainty and subjectivity in risk uncertainty through statistical
assessment. methods.
Cost-Benefit Limited in its ability to directly provide Allows for direct comparison of costs
Analysis cost-benefit insights. and benefits by quantifying risks in
monetary terms.
Time and Less time-consuming and resource- Can be time-consuming due to data
Resources intensive. collection, analysis, and complex
calculations.
Applicability Useful when quick, preliminary Valuable for complex projects,

assessments are needed, or when financial decisions, and projects
detailed data is lacking. with high potential impacts.
Examples Risk matrix, risk categorization, Probabilistic risk assessment,

expert judgment-based decision trees, Monte Carlo
assessment. simulations.

LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
Federal Law 24 of 1999
Protection & Development
of Environment
Federal Cabinet Decree 37
of 2001
Handling of Hazardous
Material/Hazardous
Waste/Medical Waste
Federal Law 21 of 2005 Chapter IV Responsibilities of Waste Generators
Waste Management in
Emirates of Abu Dhabi
Federal Law 8 of 1980 91. Safe Place
Chapter V 92. Fire Safety Instructions
93.First aid box 1/100 persons
94. Welfare Facilities
95. 6-Monthly check for occup. Diseases
97. Training regarding dangers
98. Employees’ responsibility
Ministerial Resolution 44 of Article 2: OSH officer for 100 or more
2022 Article 3: Work ban noon
OSH and Labor
Accommodation
Ministerial Resolution 37/2 2. <50 workers, 1 first aider
of 1982 3. >50 workers <200, 1 first aider and 1 registered nurse
Regarding Medical Facilities 4. >200 provision of medical treatment
11. Health Screening on joining
Administrative Decision 28 2. Employer’s obligations (policy, RA, ERP, OSH staff, training,
of 2022 OSH spec. for purchasing equipment, contractor management,
OSH and labor equipment maintenance, medical checkup, accident investigation
accommodation and corrective/preventive actions, consultation and penalty list)
3. Records
4. Employer’s responsibilities regarding operations
5. PPE
6. Health Care
7. Workers’ obligations
10. OSH officer
11. Midday Exceptions
Ministerial resolution 32 of 1. Protection from hazards 13. Workers’ responsibilities
1982 regarding Preventive 2. Protection from fire 15. Store, COSHH, SDS,
means to protect workers 3. Information about work training
4. First aid 16. Excavation/demolition
5. Welfare 17. Lifting
6. Hazard
assessment/control/PPE
7. Safe work area
8. Fire protection system
9. Fall/falling object protection
10. Machinery safety
11. Barriers
12. Preventing entering in
machine areas
13. Signage

Components and elements of an OSH (Occupational Safety and Health) Policy may vary depending on the
organization and its specific needs. However, here are some common components and elements that are
typically included in an OSH Policy:
Components Elements
Statement of Commitment: A clear and concise Vision and Objectives: Clearly stating the
statement expressing the organization's commitment organization's vision for OSH and the specific
to providing a safe and healthy work environment for objectives it aims to achieve.
employees.
Leadership and Management Commitment:
Scope and Applicability: Clearly defining the scope Expressing the commitment of top management
and applicability of the OSH Policy, indicating the and leadership to prioritize and support OSH
departments, locations, and activities to which it initiatives.
applies.
Employee Participation and Engagement:
Legal and Regulatory Compliance: Acknowledging the Encouraging employees to actively participate in
organization's commitment to complying with OSH activities, provide feedback, and contribute to
applicable OSH laws, regulations, and standards. the improvement of OSH practices.
Roles and Responsibilities: Outlining the roles and Compliance with Standards: Affirming the
responsibilities of individuals and departments within organization's commitment to complying with
the organization regarding OSH management and applicable OSH standards, laws, and regulations.
compliance.
Communication and Awareness: Outlining
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment: Describing strategies for effectively communicating OSH
the organization's commitment to identifying information, policies, and updates to employees
workplace hazards, conducting risk assessments, and and stakeholders.
implementing control measures to mitigate risks.
Performance Measurement and Reporting:
Training and Competence: Addressing the Establishing methods for measuring, monitoring,
organization's commitment to providing necessary and reporting OSH performance indicators to
training, education, and resources to employees to assess progress and identify areas for
ensure they are competent in performing their work improvement.
safely.
Resources and Support: Demonstrating the
Communication and Consultation: Establishing a organization's commitment to providing the
framework for effective communication and necessary resources, equipment, and support for
consultation between management, employees, and implementing effective OSH practices.
other stakeholders regarding OSH matters.
Integration with Other Management Systems:
Incident Reporting and Investigation: Outlining Recognizing the importance of integrating OSH
procedures for reporting incidents, accidents, and near considerations with other organizational
misses, as well as conducting thorough investigations management systems, such as quality
to determine root causes and prevent future management or environmental management.
occurrences.
Review and Continuous Improvement:
Emergency Preparedness and Response: Describing Committing to regularly review and update the
the organization's approach to emergency OSH Policy to ensure its relevance and
preparedness, including procedures for responding to effectiveness over time.
emergencies and providing assistance to employees.
Continuous Improvement: Highlighting the

organization's commitment to continually improving
its OSH performance through regular reviews,
evaluations, and implementation of corrective actions.
No .of LTIs
LTIFR: Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate: x 1,000,000
Total Working Hours
No . of Lost Workdays
LTISR: LOST Time Injury Severity Rate: x 1,000,000
Total Working Hours
No of total reported cases
TRCFR: Total Reported Cases Frequency Rate: x 1,000,000
Total Working Hours
Load Capacity
Safe Working Load (Equipment): (safety factor 1.25 to 1.5)
Safety Factor
MBS(Minimum Breaking Strength)
Safety Working Load (Accessories): (safety factor 4 to 8)
Safety Factor
Incident: An event or chain of events, which has caused or could have caused fatality, injury, illness
and/or damage (loss) to assets, the environment, entity reputation or third parties.
Adverse event: An even that leads to incident.
Root Cause: A cause that begins the event or chain of events that lead to incident.
Immediate Cause: Most obvious reason why and adverse event happens i.e.; guard is missing. There
can be several immediate causes.
Underlying Cause: System or organization failure that for adverse event happening i.e.; production
pressure, risks not suitably assessed etc.
Lost Time Injury: Any absence from work related from work-related fatalities, permanent total
disability, permanent partial disability and lost workday cases.
Lost Workday Case: A single work-related injury or illness that results in an injured person
temporarily unable to perform any regular job or restricted work activity on subsequent workday or
shift, or loss of a work day supported by medical report from approved medical practitioner.
Restricted Workday Case: A work-related injury or illness that results in limitations on work activity
that prevent an individual from doing any task of his/her normal job or from doing all of the job for any
part of the day.
Dangerous Occurrence: (Schedule A) Fire, structural collapse, system collapse, accidental leakage
of hazardous substances,
Serious Injuries: (Schedule B) fracture, head injury, loss of consciousness, total permanent/partial
disability, spinal injury
Occupational Illnesses: (Schedule C) asbestosis, silicosis, hand-arm vibration syndrome, work-
related hearing loss

Consequence
1 2 3 4 5
Insignifican Minor moderate Major Catastrophi
t c
RISK MATRIX Very small injury, no
stoppage of work,
first aid treatment
On-site
Medical
treatment
Off-site medical
treatment
Fatality Multiple Fatalities
No stoppage 1 week 1 month >1 month Longer stoppage

stoppage stoppage stoppage
AED 5000 AED 5000 - AED 50,000 – AED >AED 10M
50,000 500,000 500,000 –
10M
1 Rare Never happens 1 2 3 4 5
2 Possible Has occurred 2 4 6 8 10
Has occurred more
3 Likely 3 6 9 12 15
Likelihood
than once
Has occurred
4 Often several times per
4 8 12 16 20
year
5 Frequentl Occurs frequently
5 10 15 20 25
y
15-25 Extreme Activity/industry should not proceed in current form
Activity/industry should be modified to include remedial planning
8-12 High and action and subject to detailed OSH assessment
Activity/industry can operate subject to management and/or
4-6 Medium modification
1-3 Low No immediate action required until escalation

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
A B C D K
Ordinary Flammable Energized Combustible Cooking
combustibles Liquids, electrical metals like appliances,
Wood, cloth, Combustible equipment magnesium combustible
paper Liquids, cooking media
petroleum- such
based vegetable oil,
solvents, animal fats
paints and etc.
Gases
Fire Water Foam CO2 Dry Chemical Wet Chemical
Extinguishers Power
Foam CO2 Dry Chemical
Power
Dry Chemical Dry Chemical Halocarbon
Power Power
Halocarbon Halocarbon
Wet Chemical
Wate Dry Dry Power Wet CO2 Foam Halocarbo

r Chemic Chemical n
al
Soften and stick Cooling agent Does not Coolant,
with contact to hot leave a penetrant to
surfaces, to form a residue reduce
coating to smother temperature
and isolate fuel from
air
STARVATION, SMOTHERING, COOLING, CHEMICAL REACTION
Combustible liquids: Close-cup flash point at or > 37.8oC/100oF.

Combustible liquids II: Close-cup flash point between 37.8-60oC /100-140oF.
Combustible liquids IIIA: Close-cup flash point between 60-93oC/140-200oF.
Combustible liquids IIIB: Close-cup flash point > 93oC/200oF.
Flammable Liquid I: Close-cup flash point < 37.8oC/100oF

Flammable Liquid IA: Close-cup flash point < 22.8oC/73oF and boiling point < 37.8oC/100oF
Flammable Liquid IB: Close-cup flash point < 22.8oC/73oF and boiling point is at or more than
37.8oC/100oF

TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Road Speed Advance Warning Taper Length Stabilization

(km/hr) Area (m) Distance
(m) (m)
40 200 60 5
60 300 90 10
80 600 120 30
100 800 150 45
120 1000 180 60
140 1200 210 80
160 1700 240 80








Construction – Rain
Construction – High Wind

Construction – Fog

Leading and Lagging Indicator

Leading indicators are proactive, preventive, and predictive measures that provide information about
the effective performance of your safety and health activities. They measure events leading up to
injuries, illnesses, and other incidents and reveal potential problems in your safety and health
program.
Lagging indicators measure the occurrence and frequency of events that occurred in the past, such
as the number or rate of injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
While lagging indicators can alert you to a failure in an area of your safety and health program or to
the existence of a hazard, leading indicators allow you to take preventive action to address that failure
or hazard before it turns into an incident.
LEADING INDICATORS LAGGING INDICATORS

 Number of Safety inspections  Total recordable injury rate
 Number of Near-miss Reports  Lost time injury frequency rate
 Safety toolbox talk frequency  Number of workdays lost due to injuries
 Safety equipment checks  Medical treatment cases
 Participation in Safety Committees  Number of fatalities
 Frequency of Safety Observations  Safety violations
 Use of PPE  Severity of injuries
 Implementation of suggestions from workers
 Safety culture assessments
KEY PERFORANCE INDICATORS
 Total Recordable Injury Rate
 Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate
 Near-Miss Reporting Rate
 Safety Training Compliance Rate
 Safety Audit Completion Rate
 Percentage of Hazard Corrective Actions Completed
 Emergency Response Time
 %age of safety inspection completed
 %age of workers use PPE
 Days away from work, Restricted, or Transferred (DART) Rate
 %age of workers involved in safety committees
 %age of safety suggestions implemented
 Contractor safety performance
 %age of safety violations corrected
 %age of Projects completed within safety budget

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Occupational health & safety

Application of ALADAA/OSHAD in the project

CRITICAL DEVICES OF A MOBILE CRANE

NAEEM AKBAR Page 1 of 69

PLANNING AND DESIGN:

PERIODIC TESTING PROCEDURES:

MAINTENANCE AND RECORDKEEPING:

NAEEM AKBAR Page 2 of 69

TRAINING AND AWARENESS:

Key features of circuit breakers:

Key features of RCDs:

ISOLATOR (SWITCH-DISCONNECTOR): An isolator is a manually operated switch used to physically disconnect

Key features of isolators:

NAEEM AKBAR Page 3 of 69

Question: What is flash point, fire point & auto ignition?

AUTO-IGNITION TEMPERATURE (AUTO-IGNITION POINT): The auto-ignition temperature is the minimum

Question: What are LEL and UEL?

NAEEM AKBAR Page 4 of 69

CONDUCT A RISK ASSESSMENT

SAFETY CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS

NAEEM AKBAR Page 5 of 69

Question: List 10 hazards & risks associated with pilling activity?

EXCAVATION HAZARDS - FALLING OBJECTS - NOISE EXPOSURE – VIBRATION - STRUCTURAL INSTABILITY -

NAEEM AKBAR Page 6 of 69

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT: Environmental aspects are elements of an organization's activities, products, or

Question: Describe your approach to OSH violations.

NAEEM AKBAR Page 8 of 69

AUDIT - ENCOURAGE REPORTING - ENFORCEMENT OF CONSEQUENCES - CONTINUOUS

Question: How will calculate utilization of mobile crane?

Question: LC 50 /LD 50?

Question: Why 15 mA RCD can’t be used instead of 30 mA?

NAEEM AKBAR Page 10 of 69

Question: Where we can use 100/300 mA RCDs?

Question: What are 4 Gases in Confined space?

NAEEM AKBAR Page 11 of 69

Question: How to calculate SWL?

Safe Working Load (SWL) = Load Capacity of Crane / Safety Factor

Question: Excavation Soil types?

Question: What’s TWA and STEL hydrogen sulfide?

Question: At what wind speed crane operation needs to be suspended?

Gases TWA STEL PEAK

NAEEM AKBAR Page 14 of 69

NAEEM AKBAR Page 15 of 69

Question: What are the control measures for excavation?

Question: What is the excavation protection system?

NAEEM AKBAR Page 16 of 69

Question: How to provide safe access and egress to excavation?

NAEEM AKBAR Page 17 of 69

NAEEM AKBAR Page 18 of 69

Key Elements of an Occupational Health & Safety Management System

Policy & Commitment  OH&S Policy

NAEEM AKBAR Page 19 of 69

Risk-Based Structured Management

NAEEM AKBAR Page 20 of 69

PDCA Clause Description Required evidence/documents

LEADERSHIP AND WORKERS PARTICIPATION

PLAN 5.2 OSH policy OHS policy statement

PLAN 5.4 Consultation and Participation of Workers

6.1.3 Determination of legal/other requirements

PLAN 7.2 Competence Training records, skill matrix

PLAN 7.3 Awareness Training records, communication

PLAN 7.4 Communication Communication plan, records

PLAN 7.5 Documented information Documented procedures, policies

(Eliminating hazards/reducing OSH risks),