Transportation

TI 4102- Sistem Rantai pasok

Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Teknologi Bandung

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Course Content
1. Introduction
2. Transportation Mode
3. Multimoda Transportation
4. Choice of Transportation Mode

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

1

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Infrastruktur Logistik
Pelaku Jasa
Keuangan

Perbankan, Asuransi, LKBB

Money
Jaringan

Internet SMS Cash

Sarana ATM T/T
Banking Banking Basis
Pesan Dokumen
Aplikasi
Informasi

Applikasi
Jaringan

Data
Informasi

Sarana Transportasi Keamanan Aplikasi Khusus Saluran Pengiriman

Jaringan

Data Messeging Hub

Jaringan Fisik Informasi
Jaringan Telekomunikasi
Fasilitas Penyimpanan W/H, CY, CFS, Container, Pallet, Depot
Transportasi

Sarana Transportasi Kapal Laut, Kereta Api, Kapal Udara, Truck, Pipa
Transportasi

Freight
Jaringan
Jaringan

Intermodal Transportasi Dermaga Dermaga Terminal Terminal Terminal Terminal

Simpul Transportasi Pelabuhan Pelabuhan Bandar Pelabuhan
Stasiun Depot
Laut Sungai Udara Daratan
Moda Transportasi
Laut Sungai Udara Jalan Rel Pipa
Jar Penyedia Produsen, Importir, Eksportir
Distribusi

ing
Jaringan

Trade
an Penyalur Pedagang, Distributor, Grosir, Agen, Peritel
Dis Prasarana
trib
Pusat Distribusi, Pasar Induk, Pasar Tradisional, Kios, Warung,
usi Hyper/Super/Mini Market

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Transportation and Supply Chain Links
Supply Chain Consideration

Inbound Network Distribution Network

Vendors Production Distribution Customers

Center Center

Transportation Consideration

Infrastructure Assets

Logistics Airports, Warehouse Fleet size and Equipment Drivers

operation rail, ports, depots composition
environment roads

Source: Chatterjee (2000).

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation
 Transport Chain

6. Loading on board
Shipper Consignee
Forwarder
Sea transport Forwarder
Trucker Trucker
Warehouser
7. Discharging from sea -going vessel Warehouser
Customs Customs
9. Storage at stevedore’s premises Stevedore
Stevedore
Port, Carrier, Port r
12. Transport to buye

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Transportation & Logistics
Goods
Origin Distination
Node Link Node

Transportasi Logistik
➢ Node Perpindahan Moda: Perpindahan Kepemilikan:
• Lokasi: Terminal, • Lokasi: Pasar, eMarket
Stasiun, Pelabuhan, • Pelaku: Produsen, Exportir,
Bandara, dll Importir, Wholesale, Grosir,
• Pelaku: Operator Distributor, Pengecer,
Transportasi Supplier, Konsumen dll
Infrastruktur Pergerakan InfrastrukturPerpindahan
➢ Link • Prasarana: Jalan, Rel • Prasarana: Transportasi,
KA, Sungai, Laut, Udara, TIK, Keuangan
Pipa • Sarana: Gudang, Truk, KA,
• Sarana: Truk, KA, Kapal, Kapal, Pesawat.
Pesawat, dll • Pelaku: Penyedia Jasa
• Pelaku: Penyedia Jasa Logistik, Penyedia Fasilitas
Transportasi Logistik

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Transport Functionality

Product Movement Product Storage

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Transport Principles

Economy of Scale Economy of Distance

Cost per unit of weight Cost per unit of weight
decrease as the size of decrease as
a shipment increase distance increase

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Transport Regulation

Economic Regulation Safety & Social

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Transport Participants
Public

Government

Shipper Carrier Consignee

Internet.com

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Structure of Transport Industry
Shippers Middlemen Carriers Interchanges Customers

Air
Express Warehousing
Retailer
Retailer
Inter-change
Rail Point Processor
Retailer
Motor Pooling
Manager Carriers Yards Retailer
Retailer .Operation
.Order
processing End
Ocean Others
Consumer
Private .Tracking
Fleets .Billing

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Transportation Service
1. Traditional Carriers
2. Package Service
3. Ground Package Service
4. Air Package Service

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

2

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Major Transportation Modes
• Truck

• Water

• Rail

• Air

• Pipeline

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Operating Transportation Mode
Performance
Transportation
Mode Speed Availability Dependability Capability

Rail 3 2 3 2

Truck 2 1 2 3

Water 4 4 4 1

Pipe 5 5 1 5

Air 1 3 5 4

*) 1=Highest

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

Transportation Mode Cost &Services
Transportation Delivery Consistency Loss and
Mode Cost* Time** *** Damage***

Rail 3 3 4 5

Truck 2 2 3 4

Water 5 5 5 2

Pipe 4 4 2 1

Air 1 1 1 3

*) 1=Highest **) 1= Fastest ***) 1=Least

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

Distance, Mode & Transportation Cost

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Distance, Mode & Transportation
(Indonesia)
Cost

600 km KA< Truck

600 km KA> Kapal

Sumber: Indonesia Infrastructure Initiative, 2008

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation
3

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

Intermodal Transportation

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Intermodal Transportation
Combines two or more modes to take advantage of
the inherent economies of each and thus an
integrated services at lower cost

Piggyback/TOFC/COFC
Containerships
Coordinated Air Truck

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Multimoda Transportation
• PP No.8 Tahun 2011
– Angkutan Multimoda adalah angkutan barang dengan menggunakan
paling sedikit 2 (dua) moda angkutan yang berbeda atas dasar 1 (satu)
kontrak sebagai dokumen angkutan multimoda dari satu tempat
diterimanya barang oleh badan usaha angkutan multimoda ke suatu
tempat yang ditentukan untuk penyerahan barang kepada penerima
barang angkutan multimoda.
• ASEAN Framework Agreement on Multimodal Transport
– “International multimodal transport” means the carriage of goods by at
least two different modes of transport on the basis of a multimodal
transport contract from a place in one country at which the goods are
taken in charge by the multimodal transport operator to a place
designated for delivery situated in a different country.
• Rodrigue and Comtois (2004)
– Intermodal Transportation Network: a logistic system which is
connected to two or more modes. Each mode has a service characteristic
which generally enables goods (or passengers) to move to another
existing mode in one trip from origin to destination. Multimodal
Transportation Network: a set of transport modes which provide
connection from origin to destination.

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Multimodal Transportation Network

Source : Rodrigue and Comtois, (2004)

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Multimoda Transportation
Paradigma Lama:
Terpisah Satu Dengan Lainnya, dan Diatur oleh Regulasi Masing-Masing

KAPAL KERETA API TRUK PESAWAT

KapalKontainer Kargo Kontainer Truk Trailer UDARA
Pesawat
KapalFerry Standard Freight
Tongkang Double Stacking Truk Kargo
Dll Tronton Pesawat
Biaya Terendah
Kombinasi
Biaya Tertinggi
TRANSPORTASI • Daya Saing
MULTIMODA • Kualitas Layanan
• Kinerja
• Daya Tarik Pasar
Hubs Dan Spokes • Jaringan

Paradigma Baru
Secara ideal berupa “point to pint” terpadu melalui sistem multimoda

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Multimoda Transportation
Outward
Shipper Pre Carriage Clearance

Inward
On Carriage Clearance Main Carriage

Consignee

MTO
One liability from point to point
Shipper One Document Consignee
One Invoice and Freight Charges
Guaranted Transit Time

Sumber: Diadaptasi Hayuth(1997) 1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

Components of a Multimodal Transport System

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Freight Forwarder & MTO

Classic Transport Intermodal Transport

freight-forwarder client client

terminals & MTO

warehousing

lorry rail

lorry ship owner

air-company ship-owner

terminals &
air-company rail
warehousing

Freight forwarder as intermediate MTO as carrier

Dr. Norbert Wagener MTO.PPT

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

Multimodal Transport Operator

Contractual Relations of a VO-MTO

(example: multimodal container transport)

Client
(Shipper)

MT-Contact

VO - MTO

CIM-contract Container Connecting Trucking- Leasing-

handling carrier contract contract
agreement agreement

Rail Terminal Road Leasing

2.sea carrier
Company Operator Haulier Company

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 MTO Nasional

Shipper
Trade control
Insurance /issuing permit
MT Gov’t Agency
Operator
Banks Customs

Port
Consignee Consignee Authority

Carrier Non Carrier

(Container Terminal; CFS; CDC/CCC;
(Seaways; Airways; Railways;
MT Depot; Container Leasing Coy;
Inland Waterways;
Customs Broker; Freight Fwdr;
Truck Coy.)
Warehouse)

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

Multi and Intermodal Transportation

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

4

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Choice of Transport Mode
Trade off

Inventory Cost Transportation Cost

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Choice of Transport Mode

Plant Warehouse
Inventory: 100.000 100.000 unit
Price at Plant : $30/unit
Carrying Cost : 30% of price/unit/year
Transport Rate/R Transit Time/T Number of
Mode ($/unit) (days) shipment/year
Rail 0.10 21 10
Piggyback 0.15 14 20
Truck 0.20 5 20
Air 1.40 2 40
It is estimated that for every day that transit time can be
reduced from the current 21 days, average inventory levels can
be reduced by 1%, which mode to be selected if demand (D) was
700.000 unit/year ? 1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation
 Criteria
Total cost = Inventory Cost + Transportation Cost
» Plant
» In-Transit
» Warehouse
• Transportation Cost (C.Trans) =RxD
• In-Transit Inventory Cost (C.In-Trans)= ICDT/365
• Plant Inventory Cost (C.Plant) = ICQP/2
• Warehouse Inventory Cost (C.Ware) = IC’QW/2
• QP = 700.000/N IC = 0.3 x 30
• QW = 700.000/N IC’ = 0.3 x (30 +R)

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Solution
Mode

Cost Rail Piggyback Truck Air

Transpor- (0.1)(700.000) (0.15)(700.000) (0.20)(700.000) (1.40)(700.000)
tation = 70.000 = 105.000 = 140.000 = 980.000
Plant (0.3x30)(70000)/2 (0.3x30)(35.000)/2 (0.3x30)(35000)/2 (0.3x30)(17.500)/2
Inventory = 900.000 (0.93) = 418.500 (.84) = 378.000 (0.81) = 182.250

In-transit (0.3x30)(700.000) (0.3x30)(700.000) (0.3x30)(700.000) (0.3x30)(700.000)

Inventory (21)/365 (14)/365 (5)/365 (2)/365
= 363.465 = 241.644 = 86.301 = 34.521
Warehouse (0.3x30.1)(70.000)/2 (0.3x30.15)(35.000)/ (0.3x30.2)(35.000) (0.3x31.4)(17,500)
(1.0) 2(0.93) /2(0.84) /2(0.81)
Inventory
= 903.000 = 420.593 = 380.520 = 182.250

Total 2.235.465 1.185.737 984.821 1.387.526

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation

 Exercise: Choice of Transport Mode

Plant Warehouse
Inventory: 100.000 50.000 unit
Price at Plant : $20/unit
Carrying Cost : 30% of price/unit/year
Transport Rate/R Transit Time/T Number of
Mode ($/unit) (days) shipment/year
Rail 0.10 25 10
Piggyback 0.15 15 20
Truck 0.25 8 20
Air 2.00 2 40
It is estimated that for every day that transit time can be
reduced from the current 25 days, average inventory levels can
be reduced by 1%, which mode to be selected if demand (D) was
500.000/year ? 1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation
 Terima Kasih
Wassalam.Wr.Wb

1. TI 4102 SCM - Transportation