inca empire

beginning :
● in the 1200's the inca established their own small kingdom in the
valley of cuzco.
● Pachacuti. 1438 became the king. under his leadership, inca
conquered all of peru and some neighboring lands.
● achieved this through diplomacy and military force.
● Offered enemy states an “honorable surrender” where they would
allow them to keep their customs and rulers in exchange for
loyalty.

government :
● Incan Government Creates Unity.
● Rulers divided their territory into units that were governed by a
central bureaucracy.
● Created an economic system and an extensive road system to tie
it together.
● Imposed a single official language: Quechua.
● Built many cities in conquered areas with the same architecture of
government buildings.
● All roads led to the capital, Cuzco.

government :
● The Incan state exercised almost total control over economic and
social life.
● Main demand of the state: tribute through mita (labor tribute).
● Required all able-bodied citizens to work for the state a number of
days a year.
● Citizens were expected to work for the state and were cared for in
return Incan Road System.
● 14,000-mile-long network of roads and bridges.
● Allowed for the easy movement of troops to control the empire.

religion :
● The Inca focused on key nature spirits such as the moon, the
stars, and thunder.
● Viracocha : the creator.
● The Inca focused on
● key nature spirits such
● as the moon, the stars,
 ● Inti: sun god.The ruler was said to be a descendant of Inti, so
worshiping the sun meant worshiping the king.

decline :
● 1520s: The emperor, Huayna Capac, went on a tour of Ecuador
(newly conquered city) where he received a gift box that contained
butterflies and moths (considered an evil omen)
● A few weeks later, Capac died of disease.
● His sons Atahualpa and Huascar divided the empire.
● Atahualpa later claimed the entire empire, which led to a civil war
that tore apart the empire.
● Eventually, the Spanish arrived and further divided and
conquered the empire.