Biology 9th
SLO BASED SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Differentiate between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
Ans: The organisms which lack nucleus in their cells
are called prokaryotes while the organisms which
have nucleus in their cells are called eukaryotes.
2. Why viruses are excluded from five kingdom
classification?
Ans: Following are the reasons why viruses are
excluded from five kingdom classification:
I. Viruses have no nucleus, cytoplasm, cell organelles
or cell membranes.
II. They don't respire, feed, excrete or grow.
III. Viruses do reproduce, but only inside the cells of
living organisms.
IV. Outside the host, viruses exist in the form of
crystal.
3. Write the features of Eucalyptus plants.
Ans: Eucalyptus plants were imported from Australia
and introduced in Pakistan. These plants consume
more water and have disturbed the water table
(level of underground water). It harms other small
plants that grow near Eucalyptus trees
4. Define species.
Ans: A specie is defined as a group of organisms
capable of interbreeding and producing fertile
offspring.
5. Why viruses are at the borderline of living and
nonliving things?
Ans: Viruses are considered at borderline of living
and nonliving because they show both the
characteristics of a living and nonliving. As they react
like nonliving in the free atmosphere i.e. don't
excrete, grow, feed or respire but when they enter
the body of a living organisms they show the
characteristics of living organisms and start
reproduction. DNA, RNA and protein coats are
present in them.
Compiled by: Muhammad Hussain (MSc Biology)
Biodiversity
6. Why are viruses regarded as acellular?
Ans: Viruses are acellular because they lack
structural characteristics of cells. They cannot carry
out metabolic activities independently.
7. Why should we be concerned with preserving
biodiversity?
Ans: Biodiversity is the key indicator of health of an
ecosystem. A wide variety of species will cope better
with threats than a limited number of them in large
populations. Even if certain species are affected by
pollution, climate change or human activities, the
ecosystem as a whole may adapt and survive.
Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity such as a
large number of plant species means a great variety
of crops.
And so, while we dominate this planet, we still need
to preserve the diversity in wildlife.
8. Answer the following with supportive reasons.
a) Which is the simplest kingdom?
Ans: The simplest kingdom is kingdom Monera
because they are unicellular small and are relatively
simple in structure. This kingdom includes bacteria
and cyanobacteria.
b) Which is the most complex kingdom?
Ans: The animal kingdom is the largest kingdom with
over 1 million known species. All animals consist of
many complex cells. These organisms have many
organs and organ systems for their different life
activities.
c) Which kingdom is the most important for life?
Ans: Kingdom Monera is most important for life
because monerans are very useful organisms. They
enrich the soil and serve as an important part of the
nitrogen cycle. They are also helpful in the
production of some food items and antibiotics.
Methanogens play an important role in the
treatment of sewage. Many organisms rely on achea
bacteria as the source of food.
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Biology 9th Biodiversity

d) Most bacteria are harmful or not?
Ans: Bacteria have a variety of physiological
functions which are beneficial to human. Not all
bacteria are harmful, and some bacteria that live in
your body are helpful. Less than 1 percent of the
different types make people sick. Many are helpful.
Some help to digest food, destroy disease-causing
cells and give the body needed vitamins.
12. Describe the significance of biodiversity with
reference to the maintenance of ecosystem and
recycling of nutrients.
Ans: Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity
where each species, no matter how small, all have
an important role to play. For example, a larger
number of plant species means a greater variety of
crops.

e) Which kingdom/s can flourish or survive in most
adverse conditions?
Ans: Kingdom Monera can survive in most adverse
conditions. All prokaryotes (Monera) have a cell wall
that allows them to survive in both hyper- and hypo-
osmotic conditions. Some soil bacteria are able to
form endospores that resist heat and drought.
9. Houbara bustard is a migratory bird which flies
from Siberia to wintering grounds in Pakistan. As
soon as such migratory birds land on the soil of
Pakistan we start hunting them. Are we good host?
Can we call ourselves hospitable nation?
Ans: We are not good host and we cannot call
ourselves a hospitable nation as we kill migratory
birds. Migratory birds are a great source of our
country's diversity and pride. It attracts more flora
and fauna to the world.
10. Highlight precautionary measures to safe from
COVID-19.
Ecosystems perform the vital function of recycling
nutrients. Plants are able to take up nutrients from
soil as well as from the air, and these nutrients can
then form the basis of food chains, to be used by a
wide range of other life forms.
13. How does deforestation lead to desertification
Ans: Deforestation causes soil erosion or removal of
fertile top layer of the soil. As the upper fertile layer
of soil is removed by erosion, the soil quality
decreases day by day. And eventually converts it to a
desert as the soil is no more suitable for plants.
14. Write scientific names of the following
organisms:
a) Human: Homo sapiens
b) Frog: Rana tigrina
c) Potato: Solanum tuberosum
d) Brinjal: Solanum melongena

Ans: A vaccine might prevent you from getting e) Rice: Oryza sativa
COVID-19. No medicine is available. Avoid close
f) Onion: Allium cepa
contact, wash your hands often with soap and water
for at least 20 seconds, or use sanitizer. Cover your g) Tomato: Lysoperaicum esculentum
face with a cloth face mask in public places, avoid
touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Stay home h) Mustard plant: Brassica campestris
from work, school and public areas. 15. Differentiate between:
11. Indus Blind Dolphin is one of the world's most a) Prions and viroid
endangered river dolphin. Explain what human Prions Viroid
activities have caused this decrease in their
Prions are composed Viroid consists of a
population.
of only proteins i.e. single molecule of
Ans: However, the population of this species has they contain no DNA or circular RNA without a
gradually declined because of many factors including RNA. protein coat or
water pollution, poaching, fragmentation of habitat envelope.
due to barrages, and dolphin stranding in the They cause diseases in They cause diseases in
sheep and man. plants e.g. potato etc.
irrigation canals.

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Biology 9th Biodiversity

b) Autotrophs, heterotrophs and saprotrophs

Autotrophs Heterotrophs Saprotrophs

The organisms, capable of
producing their own food are
called autotrophs.
Examples: green plants,
autotrophic bacteria and algae.
The organisms which eat other
things as food are called
heterotrophs.
Examples: animals, animal like
protists etc.
The organisms that depend on
dead, decaying matter are called
saprotrophs.
Examples: fungi, bacteria.

SLO BASED EXTENSIVE QUESTIONS

1. What are the possible connection between cutting of trees from hillsides and flooding in the valleys?

Ans: Erosion is a natural process, but human activities can make it happen more quickly. Human activity altering
the vegetation of an area is perhaps the biggest human factor contributing to erosion. Trees and plants hold soil in
place.

 When people cut down forests or plow up grasses for agriculture and development, the soil is
more vulnerable to washing or blowing away. Landslides become more common. Water rushes
over exposed soil rather than soaking into it, causing flooding.
 When deforestation takes place, the top layer of soil can be dislodged. This is known as soil
erosion. When the top layer of soil is unstable, it is unable to retain any of the water that falls on
it, resulting in increased surface runoff, which in turn, increases the risk of flooding.
 Deforestation affects the amount of water in soil. When there are no trees to keep soil in place,
there are more chances of soil erosion. Heavy rainfall washes out soul into rivers.
 Essential nutrients are washed out of soil. River become choke up with mud and silt, which can
cause floods.
2. Compare the five kingdoms.

Ans:

Kingdoms Cell Type Cell Wall Mode of Nutrition Nuclear Envelope Multi-cellularity
Monera Prokaryotic Non-cellulose Autotroph or Absent Absent
(polysaccharide + heterotroph
amino acids)
Protista Eukaryotic Present in some Photosynthetic or Present Absent in most
forms, various types heterotroph or forms
combination
Fungi Eukaryotic Chitin Absorptive Present Present in most
heterotroph forms
Plantae Eukaryotic Cellulose and Photosynthetic Present Present in all
polysaccharides forms
Animalia Eukaryotic Absent Ingestive Present Present in all
heterotroph forms
3. Is it possible for humans to live on this planet as environment friendly organisms who do not harm their
ecosystem? If yes, then explain choices and lifestyle of such humans.

Ans: Conservation of Biodiversity The protection and preservation of all the natural resources needed for the
existence and maintenance of life on earth is called conservation. It is possible for humans to live on this planet as
environment friendly organisms who do not harm their ecosystem.

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Biology 9th Biodiversity

Choices and lifestyle of environment friendly humans:

I. Protect wildlife: Human activity is leading to the extinction of endangered species and habitats.
Protect places like beaches and forests that are habitats of animals.
II. Plant trees: Trees are necessary for us to live. They give oxygen, fruits, clean the air, provide shelter
to wildlife and prevent soil erosion. Plant small trees around your home and don’t cut trees unless it
is necessary.
III. Conserve water: Water needs to be conserved as a lot of energy is required to pump water from
lakes or rivers into your home. Take short showers, fix leaking pipes, keep the running tap close while
you brush your teeth, recycle water in your home and collect rainwater for the conservation of water.
IV. Stop food waste: Producing uneaten food is a waste of a whole host resources such as seeds, water,
energy, land, fertilizers, hours of labor, and capital invested. You can make a huge difference by
cooking, serving, or ordering the amount that can actually be consumed and ensuring there is no
waste.
V. Use less fossil fuel based products: Find out what products and consumables you use that are made
using fossil fuel based products and processes and use them less or replace them in your life.
VI. Reduce the use of harmful chemicals: The chemicals like paint, oil, ammonia and other chemical
solutions are hazardous and when disposed of openly can cause water and air pollution. Therefore,
they should be disposed of to a toxic waste site for safe disposal.
VII. Try without plastic: Taking a canvas bag along with you when you go shopping, buying fruits and
vegetables and not buying bottled water can even make much difference.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Scientific name has advantages of: a. Climatic conditions should be stabilized
a. Same name applied to different organisms b. Air pollution should be reduced
b. Same organisms have different name in c. Cutting of forests should be minimized
different areas d. Non-native species should be brought
c. Has no scientific basis
in
d. Has scientific basis and usually accepted
5. Two kingdom classification system failed
2. Bacterial cells have virus particles both have:
a. Cell wall to justify the placement of all living
b. Cell membrane organisms in just two groups. This is
c. Cytoplasm because the classification was based on
d. RNA/DNA only
3. Which of the following is NOT a reason for a. Mode of nutrition
the classification of living organisms? b. Cellular organization
a. To highlight similarities among living c. Reproductive behavior
organisms d. Geographical distribution
b. To bring to light differences among 6. A biology student observes a plant with
living organisms following features,
c. To count the total number of living  It contains rhizoids.
organisms  It reproduces by spores.
d. To explore evolutionary relationships  It contains vascular tissues.
among living organisms
4. Which of the following measures is the The plant is identified as a:
most important to conserve the living a. Fern
organisms? b. Moss

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Biology 9th Biodiversity

c. Dicot b. Hearing
d. Monocot c. Smell
7. In which kingdom you place a multicellular land d. None
organism that carries on photosynthesis? 14. What is the difference between a vulnerable
a. Monera specie and an endangered specie?
b. Protista a. A vulnerable specie and an endangered
c. Plantae specie are the same thing.
d. Animalia b. A vulnerable specie is likely to become
8. A related group of genera comprises: endangered. An endangered specie is likely
a. An order to become extinct.
b. A family c. A vulnerable specie is likely to become
c. Class extinct. An endangered specie is likely to
d. A phylum become endangered.
9. In which kingdom would you classify unicellular d. Both species have gone extinct.
eukaryotes? 15. The monera that evolved first and live in
a. Fungi and protists extreme habitats is called:
b. Fungi and monera a. Saccharum
c. Only protista b. Archaebacteria
d. Only fungi c. Canis lupis
10. Which of the following sequences show the d. E. coli
correct hierarchy of classification, going from 16. The specie that is at the risk of becoming
the smaller to the bigger group? extinct in near future:
a. Kingdom, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, a. Threatened specie
Genus, Species b. Extinct
b. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, c. Endangered
Genus, Species d. Established
c. Genus, Species, Kingdom, Phylum, Order, 17. An organism that contains eukaryotic cells:
Class, Family a. Protista
d. Species, Genus, Family, Class, Order, b. Eukaryote
Phylum, Kingdom c. Plantae
11. Which one of the following may be the correct d. Taxon
way of writing the scientific name of an 18. Defining the endangered and threatened
organism? species and taking measures for their
a. Canis lupis protection is:
b. Saccharum a. Extinct
c. Grant’s gazelle b. Conservation
d. E. Coli c. Established
12. The kingdom Protista includes: d. Vulnerable
a. True multicellular organisms with no 19. In evolutionary tree, the group of descendants
prominent nucleus having the same ancestor:
b. Unicellular and simple multicellular a. Diphyletic
organisms with prominent nucleus b. Phylum
c. True multicellular organisms with c. Monophyletic
prominent nucleus d. Order
d. Unicellular organisms with no prominent 20. Who introduced three kingdoms of
nucleus classification?
13. Which sense does the Indus Dolphin use to find a. Aristotle
it’s prey? b. Carolus Linnaeus
a. Vision c. Ernest Hackle

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