History of Architecture- V

Assignment I
21/Arch/025

Domes

Domes are iconic architectural features in Islamic buildings, particularly mosques. They
symbolize the heavens and serve both functional and decorative purposes. These domes
come in various shapes and are known for their precise geometric designs, intricate
materials like tile and stone, and their ability to create open, column-free interior
spaces. They have regional variations, historical significance, and continue to be used
in contemporary mosque architecture, maintaining a link to Islamic tradition.

Arches

Arches are distinctive architectural elements in

Islamic buildings, known for their decorative designs and structural significance. They
come in various styles, such as horseshoe and pointed arches, and often feature
intricate geometric patterns. These arches provide both functional support and
aesthetic beauty, with regional variations reflecting different historical and cultural
influences. They continue to be used in
contemporary Islamic architecture, connecting
modern designs to their rich historical legacy.

Muqarnas

Muqarnas is a distinctive geometric ornamentation

in Islamic architecture. It resembles interlocking
honeycomb or stalactite patterns and is used to enhance aesthetics and distribute
structural loads in buildings. Muqarnas reflects the artistry of Islamic design and
varies by region and time period, leaving a lasting influence on architecture
worldwide.

Minarets

Islamic minarets are tall towers typically found adjacent to mosques. They serve as visual symbols of
Islamic identity and are used to call worshippers to prayer. Minarets vary in design and height, reflecting
regional architectural styles and cultural influences within the Islamic world.

Mihrab

A mihrab is a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla, the direction of
Mecca, which Muslims face during prayers. It's a significant element in Islamic
architecture, often elaborately decorated with calligraphy and geometric designs,
serving as a focal point for worshippers.

Arabesque Art

Arabesque art is a form of Islamic ornamentation characterized by

intricate, flowing, and repetitive geometric and floral patterns. It is a hallmark of Islamic visual
culture, appearing in architecture, textiles, ceramics, and manuscripts. Arabesque art serves
both decorative and spiritual purposes, reflecting Islamic ideals of unity and infinity through
its complex, interwoven designs.
Hypostyle Hall

An Islamic hypostyle hall is a large, column-filled space in mosques, characterized

by rows of columns supporting a flat roof. These halls are essential for accommodating
large congregations during prayer and exemplify Islamic architecture's focus on
creating expansive, unobstructed interior spaces for worship.

Courtyards

Islamic courtyards are central open spaces in Islamic architecture, often found in
mosques and other buildings. They serve as areas for congregation, relaxation,
and reflection, offering a
sense of tranquillity amidst the surrounding architecture.
These courtyards are typically adorned with gardens, fountains,
and intricate tile work, reflecting the aesthetics of Islamic art.
They play a vital role in creating a harmonious and
contemplative atmosphere in Islamic structures.

Garden

Islamic gardens are lush, symmetrical green spaces cultivated

with meticulous attention to design and symbolism. They are integral to Islamic architecture, embodying concepts of
paradise and tranquillity. These gardens often feature flowing water, fragrant flowers, geometric layouts, and provide
serene retreats for reflection and relaxation.

Iwan

An Islamic Iwan is a vaulted niche with a semi-circular or pointed arch, often

found in mosque facades or as an entryway. It serves as an architectural and
decorative element in Islamic architecture, creating a sense of grandeur
and framing important spaces for religious and ceremonial purposes.

Submitted by – Muhammed Sinan