MICHAEL A.

ZARANDONA, RN
A Critic on Joyce Travelbee's nursing theory
Master of Arts in Nursing - Clinical
St. Bernadette of Lourdes College

Also known as the Human-to-Human Relationship Model, it has been important for nursing.
However, it has limitations. These include problems with its concepts, a lack of scientific evidence,
and issues related to cultural sensitivity, practical use, and clear guidance for nurses.
One of the conceptual limitations of Travelbee's theory is its heavy emphasis on the interpersonal
relationship between the nurse and the patient. While this focus on human connection is valuable,
some argue that it overlooks other critical aspects of nursing, like clinical skills and evidence-
based practices. Critics contend that a comprehensive nursing theory should encompass a wider
range of factors that influence patient outcomes.
As an example, our experience as nurses in the Philippines is very challenging. With the approved
1:12 nurse to patient ratio, we are working on at least 1:14- 1:20 and some are 1: ward which is
physically taxing and draining. This lack of manpower goes against Travelbee’s concept since, as
nurses, we cannot establish a good rapport with our patients.
Furthermore, Travelbee's theory has been criticized for it is not enough in addressing cultural
diversity and individual differences among patients. The model assumes a universal
understanding of human needs and doesn't adequately consider how cultural, social, and
personal factors can affect the nurse-patient relationship. This is not also applicable in our current
practice due the manpower complements and lack of trainings given by hospitals. Especially in
larger hospitals, there could be a wider variation in patient demographics which could result to
the inability to provide culturally sensitive care and suboptimal outcomes for patients with
diverse backgrounds.
Empathy and understanding have been highlighted in this theory but it also lacks the specific
strategic guidelines for such. While it is ideal to follow this guidance, Travelbee's theory has
strengths and weaknesses, but it still highlights the value of human connection in healthcare.
In our national healthcare, we can say that we adhere more to Virginia Henderson Theory than
this. While it is ideal to follow this guidance, Travelbee's theory has strengths and weaknesses,
but it still highlights the value of human connection in healthcare.