Falcasantos, Mary Ysabelle E.

Ganding, Janice P.
Lusay, Chloe Mariz L.
Pillay, Rakia L.

ACTIVITY 2

COLLECTION, PREPARATION, and PROCESSING OF BLOOD

Illustrations:
A. Draw and label the following parts of:

SYRINGE METHOD

VACUUM TUBE METHOD

A. Draw and identify the veins commonly used for venipuncture

B. Draw the following steps in venipuncture

APPLICATION OF TOURNIQUET PALPATION OF VEIN

INSERTION OF NEEDLE
APPLICATION OF ANTISEPTIC
RELEASE TORNIQUET WITHDRAW OF BLOOD

APPLICATION OF STERILE PAD PRIOR TO WITHDRAW OF NEEDLE

C. Draw and color the stopper of each test tube based on its specific anticoagulant.
QUESTIONS TO ANSWER:

1. Why are stoppers of the vacutainers tube color coded?

The stoppers of vacutainer tubes are color coded to indicate the type of additive
present in the tube. Different additives serve specific purposes, such as preventing blood
clotting, preserving certain blood components, or facilitating specific laboratory tests. The
color-coded stoppers help healthcare professionals easily identify the correct tube for a
particular test or procedure, ensuring accurate and reliable results.

2. Give the order of draw including the order of draw for anti-coagulated tubes.

 Blood culture bottle or tube (yellow or yellow-black lid)

 The coagulation tube (light blue top) comes next. If only a routine coagulation assay is
ordered, a single light blue top tube may be drawn.

 If contamination by tissue fluids or thromboplastins is a concern, a non-additive tube

should be drawn first, followed by the light blue top tube.

 Third, a non-additive tube (with a red top).

 Last draw: additive tubes in the following order:

 SST (top in red-gray or gold). A gel separator and clot activator are included.

 Sodium heparin (top, dark green)

 PST (top light green). It includes a lithium-heparin anticoagulant as well as a gel

separator.

 EDTA (top lavender)

 ACDA (light yellow top) is made up of acid citrate and dextrose.

 Fluoride/oxalate (light gray top)

3. Blood drawn for coagulation studies must never be the first tube collected. Why?

Blood drawn for coagulation studies should not be the first tube collected because
the needle puncture and phlebotomy process can activate the coagulation cascade.
This activation can alter the results of coagulation tests, leading to inaccurate and
misleading findings.Trauma-induced tissue thromboplastin might be released during
venipuncture, contaminating the initial tube sample. This can result in faster clotting
times, and, as a result, it can affect the accuracy of the test correlation.
4. Explain the purpose of a tourniquet and tell how it is applied.

A tourniquet permits pressure to be applied to the arm, slowing the flow of venous
blood back to the heart. In other words, a tourniquet is utilized to promote venous
fullness and make veins more visible and accessible. Apply the tourniquet 3–4
inches above the puncture point of choice. Place it loosely and for no more than 2
minutes (no more than a minute to prevent increasing the risk of hemoconcentration).
Reapply the tourniquet after 2 minutes. Without pumping the hand, the patient
should produce a fist.

5. What are the complications that may happen when doing venipuncture?

Hematoma development, nerve injury, pain, hemaconcentration, extravasation,

iatrogenic anemia, arterial puncture, petechiae, allergies, fear and phobia, infection,
syncope and fainting, excessive bleeding, edema, and thrombus are all possible
complications of venipuncture.