Professional Documents
Culture Documents
net/publication/330988368
CITATIONS READS
0 3,098
1 author:
Amjad Almusaed
University of Basrah
133 PUBLICATIONS 436 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
All content following this page was uploaded by Amjad Almusaed on 09 February 2019.
Ϯϴϭ
+ ! 7 2 8 '
5 $ !!" - + # ! 8 '
2 9 :. , .+ ; 5 !
: < 7. " -.
Le Corbusier= >1 0 Walter Gropius
seven ":1 # " Mart Stam"+ " $
"> @" $ 7. % , . " Marcellus
.1959 + ' " " $ % %$ ". . 1928 +
+'# % 1$A 7 + . 49' . ,
B*# C-. % @ A B*# !D $ ! !"
7 7# E % +' +% 1 !$ .+@ 6
% 71 . . 0 / ; B ! !" 0
.= % 1 1 = 9 5 --" 5F
> $ 2 9 . " B 1 1 ,
' 5 7F ' , . " >@" , $ 1928 +
1 + 1 49 % ! 1 .- 2 9 $ 71
7 1 + # % 7% + .% ! 0 2
+% . % * 1. ' $ < 0* 0
1 "1 " 1 6 ; > 1 71
8 D , .3 + 1 1 " ," 2 + $ 1
- 7F 7 D 8 ' + B*.
. , ." #G " 0 C + , &(CIRPAC)
G , . $ . 7
ϮϴϮ
(MARS) 6 . , 1933 + 1 ' 49
B! ! $ 7- H $ 1
.+
:
– 1928 )1930 1928 .2
(1930 ! – 1929
.; A ; : = ,
1 ! @ I" * ! , @ 1 @ +''
1 $ % +'# 1 % ;
+'# 5 ! 2 9 $ #@ 2 91
* , $ 7A 1 #$ JA + "
:$ . 8 . +'.
Ϯϴϯ
5 ' 5 ' #" 7F , + 1956 + ;
.
1 0 / 0%# @ 9 71
.
1 A #1 $ $ % 09 1 $
A D $ 1 > , ! @
7 I # A *" , @ 1E *
. @ 1 - ,
+ "@ * 7 71 $ % %$ 6 1 .
> + 0 E B > "@ JP 7A
. -,@ @ 1 & 1
Ϯϴϰ
(1937 % ! 1933 $) 1937 1933 .3
5!. , " >1 " % # 49 $
+'# 5$ . ' D . # + , :P + #
6 . # +'# ' " $ 0
% , " " $ : + $ 2 9 1947 + 7 1
5% FD Q 5" 7 09 1E 6 +'# = .
; D + % 7 9 , , ،O * # @
= :# 7- * >' MARS : #"
+ , 1943 + $ . >1 % 71 , L* 1
$ < ." 7% *$ " G 8 " " 7 " " < : "
; , 9 @ +' '#%. C- .
!. * 9 $ R% B "# N @ 5 %
7 1 = J" G % #
1 0 S G ; "team x " :1 5 $
# ; ;G! E / +' +'
. = . $ L - # + 7 1 ;'$ >
$ -$ !% 9 7 %$ . $ % 09 #$
1 , $ 1 ; . 1. 1# 1
, = % + --" , ! 5$. 0*
The Athens . % - ;' , 0* ! !" 71
1 $ %$ ; 1 " % "Charter"
>A 71 ! 1 -,@ % .
. 7 1 0
Ϯϴϱ
: . % ' S +.
'* ! B*$ 8 M 0* 7 1 1 D •
. ! !" T # J
< # 7 1 , 1 D % ' •
G $ 4. A @
. @
+ 71 $ % 5! , % ,! •
.$% @ 8F ', " 5!
!A ! I" - !1 0* ! !" + % •
:" 7 , !P $* E
.- ! !" !%
=% ! 1D 0 -,@ @ 1 % , •
.1 @ ; 4. , ;
# % %% 2 9 7 1 $ # 4@ ; % 1. •
2 91 A 5! ! * '#F
. # ! -# ' $ 5! 1 !
+ 09 A . % % , •
2 9 7 1 +'# A 1$A
. , % ! , ;
4. - T F 6 % ,! •
.0* , ;
$ A 2 > @ + , 9 $
1 ; D E G . , 8- +< 5 !
S ; , 1$P 4 " >1 " >
0 (Radiant City) 1 % A
Ϯϴϲ
7 1 :6 # + % +'# :. . % 0
7 . % $ +'# ! ; 7 "= >1 " 7 .= $
! U - + , ' 2 9 % < - D ;
; D = " % " >1 " + , . 1$. ' D # *
# @ @ 0 71 , 1. , E
.
$ % 09 B ; ;
+ 7 1 $ 1 - # ":$"
E 1$M 7 '
1 , %! # 1 ,
, + + < ": <" ،"= >1 " 7. !.
V" + . 1 -.
$ % 09 B ; % / TF
9 $ + 1956 + $< "2 $ "
T 0. . . 0. 2 + + < = 1 7
, 09 7 % / -
, .":1 " 5 # % 1 1 1 '$
$ %$ $ 6 + 2 1
' 09 A B J" + =1 1959 + ' " "
.1
Ϯϴϳ