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Class: IX Subject: Mathlab Classic Paper Type: Subjective

Paper Duration: 160 Mins. Maximum Marks: 345 Total Questions: 112

Section - A

Q1.

The three angles of a quadrilateral are 100o, 98o and 92o respectively. Find the fourth angle.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Let the fourth angle be xo. We know that the sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360o.
Therefore, 100o + 98o + 92o + xo = 360o
290o + xo = 360o (1 mark)
xo = 360o - 290o
xo = 70o
Hence, the fourth angle is 70o. (1 mark)

Q2.

Prove the angle sum property of a quadrilateral.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Statement: The sum of the four angles of a quadrilateral is 360o.

Given: A quadrilateral ABCD
To prove: ÐA + ÐB + ÐC + ÐD = 360o
Construction: Join AC.

(1/2 mark)
Proof: In DABC,
Ð1 + Ð6 + Ð4 = 180o (angle sum property of a triangle) (1) (1/2 mark)
In DADC,
Ð2 + Ð3 + Ð5 = 180o (angle sum property of a triangle) (2) (1/2 mark)
Adding (1) and (2), we get,
(Ð1 + Ð2) + (Ð4 + Ð3) + Ð6 + Ð5 = 360o
Therefore, ÐA + ÐB + ÐC + ÐD = 360o (1/2 mark)

Q3.

ABCD is a parallelogram where the bisectors of ÐA and ÐB intersect at P. Prove that ÐAPB = 90o.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

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Given:
A parallelogram ABCD, where AP bisects ÐA and BP bisects Ð B.
To prove:
ÐAPB = 90o (1/2 mark)
Proof:
In parallelogram ABCD, ÐA + ÐB = 180o [sum of interior angles on same side of transversal]
Þ ( ÐA + ÐB) = 90o (i) (1/2 mark)

In APB, ÐA + Ð B + ÐP = 180o
or, (Ð A + ÐB) + ÐP = 180o

or ÐP = 180o - ( ÐA + Ð B) (1/2 mark)

or ÐP = 180o - 90o [using (i)]

Þ ÐP = 90o
or ÐAPB = 90o (1/2 mark)

Q4.

In the figure ABCD is a rhombus with ÐABC = 66o. DetermineÐ ACD.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

ÐABC = 66o
Therefore, ÐADC = 66o (Opposite angles of a parallelogram)
ÐBDC = 33o (Diagonal bisects the angle) (1/2 mark)
In DODC, we have,
ÐDOC + ÐDCO + ÐODC = 180o (1/2 mark)
90o + ÐDCO + 33o = 180o
ÐDCO = 180o - 123o
= 57o
ÐACD = ÐDCO = 57o (1 mark)

Q5.
ABCD is a rhombus with one diagonal equal to 18 cm and length of side equal to 15 cm. Find the area of rhombus.
(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Rhombus ABCD with AB = BC = CD = AD

In DAOB
AB2 = OA2 + OB2 (Diagonals of rhombus are perpendicular to each other)
152 = 92 + OA2

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152 - 92 = OA2
225 - 81 = OA2
144 = OA2
OA = 12 (1 mark)
Therefore, AC = 24 cm
Area of rhombus = ´ d1 ´ d2

= ´ 24´ 18 = 12´ 18

= 216 cm2 (1 mark)

Q6.
Prove that all the sides of a rhombus are equal.
(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Given: A rhombus ABCD.

i.e. AB = AC
To prove: AB = BC = CD = DA (1/2 mark)
Proof: ABCD is a rhombus therefore, ABCD is a parallelogram.
So, AB = DC
and BC = AD
But AB = BC (1 mark)
Therefore, AB = AD
So, AB = BC = AD = DC (1/2 mark)

Q7.
Prove that the sum of the exterior angles of a quadrilateral is 360o.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

If the exterior angles are a, b, c and d, then the interior angles are:
180o - a, 180o - b, 180o - c and 180o - d (0.5 mark)
180o - a + 180o - b + 180o - c + 180o - d = 360o
a + b + c + d = 360o. (1.5 marks)

Q8.
ABCD is a rectangle in the figure below whose diagonals intersect at O. Find the value of x and y.
(Marks : 2)
Solution :

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In the above figure AB||CD (As ABCD is a rectangle)
Therefore, ÐDCA = ÐCAB (Alternate angles)
xo + yo = 90o (angle of rectangle) (1/2 mark)
Diagonals of a rectangle are equal and bisect each other i.e BD = AC
and OB = OD, OA = OC
So, OA = OB
ÐCAB =Ð DBA = y (Angle opposite equal sides) (1 mark)
InD AOB
110o + 2yo = 180o (Angle sum property of a triangle)

Þ yo = 35o, xo = 55o (1/2 mark)

Q9.
Sohan wants to show gratitude towards his teacher by giving her a card made by him.If the parallel sides are of lengths 8 cm and 15 cm
and non parallel sides are of lengths 7 cm and each. He wants to decorate the card by putting up a red coloured tape on non-parallel
sides of trapezium. Green coloured tape on parallel sides. Find the length of each colour tape.
What is the value depicted here? (V) (CBSE sample)
(Marks : 2)
Solution : Red coloured tape = 7 cm +7 cm = 14 cm (0.5 mark)
Green coloured tape = 8cm +15cm = 23cm (0.5 mark)
Value depicted here is ‘Respect for a teacher’ (1 mark)
Q10.
In Parallelogram ABCD, bisectors of angles A and B intersect each other at O. What can we say about the type of triangle AOB? Justify
your answer.

(Marks : 2)
Solution : (1.5 marks)

Thus, triangle AOB is a right triangle. (0.5 mark)

Q11.
The angle between the altitude of a Parallelogram through the vertex of an obtuse angle and the side of the Parallelogram is 60∘. Find all
the angles of the Parallelogram.

(Marks : 2)
Solution : ∠TRS = 60o and ∠RTS = 90o... given
Therefore ∠RST = 30o (0.5 mark)
Since ,opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal, so ∠PQR = 30o. (0.5 mark)
Adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary, so ∠QPS = 150o. (0.5 mark)
Thus, ∠QRS = 150o by angle sum property of a quadrilateral. (0.5 mark)
Q12.

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In the given figure, ABCD is a Rhombus. Then, what is the sum of squares of the diagonals?

(Marks : 2)
Solution : Diagonals of rhombus bisect each other at 90o. (0.5 mark)
Using Pythagoras theorem in ∆AOB, we get: (1 mark)
AD2 = OD2 + AO2
AD2 =( BD)2 + ( AC)2

AD2 = BD2 + AC2

4 AD2 = BD2 + AC2

Hence, the sum of squares of the diagonals is equal to 4 times the square of the side of a rhombus. (0.5 mark)
Q13.
ABCD is a Trapezium in which AB∥DC and ∠A=∠B=45∘. Find angles C and D of the Trapezium.

(Marks : 2)
Solution : Co-interior angles are supplementary, so ∠ADC = 180o - 450 = 1350 (1 mark)
Similarly, ∠ACD = 180o - 450 = 1350 (1 mark)
Q14.

PQRS is a square. Determine ÐSRP.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

(1/2 mark)

PQRS is a square.
Therefore, PS = SR and ÐPSR = 90o
Now, in triangle PSR, we have,
PS = SR [since, angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
Þ Ð1 = Ð2 (1/2 mark)
But Ð1 + Ð2 +ÐPSR = 180o (sum of angles of a triangle = 180o) (1/2 mark)
Þ 2Ð1 + 90o = 180o [ÐPSR = 90o]
Þ 2Ð1 = 90o
Þ Ð1 = 45o (1/2 mark)

Q15.
In figure ABCD is a square. A line CP cuts AB at P and diagonal BD at O such thatÐ COD = 80o and ÐOPA = xo. Find the value of x.
(Marks : 2)
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Solution :

BD is the diagonal of square of ABCD

So, it bisects D (1/2 mark)
i.eÐ BDC = 45o (Since, D = 90o) (1/2 mark)
InDODC
ÐODC + ÐDCO + ÐCOD = 180o (Sum of the angles of a triangle)
80o + 45o +Ð DCO = 180o
ÐDCO = 55o (1/2 mark)
In quadrilateral APCD
ÐA + ÐD + ÐDCO + x = 360o
180o + 55o + x = 360o
x = 125o (1/2 mark)

Q16.

During Maths Lab Activity each student was given four broom sticks of lengths 8 cm, 8 cm, 5 cm, 5 cm to make different types of
quadrilaterals.
(a) How many quadrilaterals can be formed using these sticks?
(b) Name the types of quadrilaterals formed.
(c) While doing this activity which value is depicted? (V) (CBSE sample)

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

(a) Three types of quadrilaterals can be formed. (0.5 mark)

(b) These can be parallelogram, rectangle and kite. (1 mark)
(c) Value depicted is ‘analytical thinking’ (0.5 mark)

Q17.
While discussing the properties of a parallelogram teacher asked about the relation between two angles x and y of a parallelogram as
shown in the fig. Teacher gave them three options as:
(i) x > y (ii) x < y (iii) x = y
Beena gave the answer as x < y
(a) Is this the correct answer?
(b) Justify the answer with suitable logic.
(c) What is the value depicted in this? (V) (CBSE sample)

(Marks : 2)
Solution : (a) This answer is correct. (0.5 mark)
(b) It is clear from the figure that x is an acute angle while y is an obtuse angle. (0.5 mark)
(c) The value depicted here is ‘logical thinking’ (1 mark)
Q18.
Prove that the opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
(Marks : 2)
Solution :

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As AC is the diagonal therefore,1

DACD @ DABC, By SSS
therefore,
ÐB = Ð D (cpct) (1 mark)
Similarly, by joining B and D we can have,
DABD @ DCDB, By SSS
therefore,
Ð A = ÐC
Thus, opposite angles are equal. (1 mark)

Q19.

In a parallelogram ABCD, two point P and Q are taken on its diagonal BD such that DP = BQ. Prove that APCQ is a parallelogram.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Given: P and Q are two points on diagonal BD such that DP = BQ.

To prove: APCQ is a parallelogram.

In triangles APD and CQB, we have,
DP = BQ (given)
AD = BC (opposite sides of parallelogram ABCD)
and ÐADP = ÐCBQ (alternate angles when BD intersects parallel lines AD and BC)
Therefore,

DAPD @ DCQB (by SAS criterion of congruency) (1 mark)

Therefore, AP = CQ (by cpct) (1/2 mark)
Similarly, taking triangles CPD and AQB, we can prove that
CP = AQ (1 mark)
Therefore, APCQ is a parallelogram. (by the property that if the opposite sides are equal, then it is a parallelogram) (1/2 mark)
Q20.
A farmer has a field in the form of a parallelogram ABCD. One of his cow is suffering from some disease. To take good care of her, he
tied the cow at one corner of the field. The corner angle of the field is 65°.
(a) Find all the other three angles of the field.
(b) Explain the values depicted here. (V) (CBSE sample)

(Marks : 2)

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Solution : In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal so if suppose ∠A= 65o, then ∠C= 65o (0.5 mark)
Also the adjacent angles are supplementary, therefore ∠A + ∠B = 180o (0.5 mark)
Thus we have ∠B= 115o andopposite angles being equal ∠D= 115o (0.5 mark)
Value depicted here is ‘care for animals’ (0.5 mark)
Q21.

In the rhombus ABCD, find the value of x.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

A rhombus is a parallelogram.
Now, AB || CD and BC is a transversal.
Then,
ÐB + ÐC = 180° [co-interior-angles]
Þ Ð60° + ÐC = 180°
Þ ÐC = 120° (1 mark)
But,
ÐX = ÐC (diagonal of a rhombus bisects the angle)

Þ ÐX = ´ Ð120°
Hence,
ÐX = 60° (1 mark)

Q22.

If the diagonals of a rhombus are 18 cm and 24 cm find the measure of its side.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

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Let AC = 24 cm BD = 18 cm
Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
Therefore, BO = OD = 9 cm
AO = OC = 12 cm (1/2 mark)
In AOD, AO = 12 cm
OD = 9 cm, AOD = 90o Therefore, by Pythagoras Theorem
AO2 + OD2 = AD2
122 + 92 = AD2 (1/2 mark)
144 + 81 = AD2
225 = AD2
AD = 15 cm
Therefore, sides of rhombus are of length 15 cm. (1 mark)

Q23.
Prove that in a parallelogram, the opposite sides are equal.
(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Since, AC is the diagonal

DACD @ DACB, By SSS
we get, (by above property) (1 mark)
AB = CD
AD = BC (by cpct)
Thus, opposite sides are equal. (1 mark)

Q24.
Prove that a diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.
(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Given: A parallelogram ABCD

To prove: DACD @ DABC (1/2 mark)
Proof: In triangles ACD and ABC.
We have, ÐACD = ÐCAB (alternate angles are equal, since AB || CD) (1/2 mark)
AC = AC (common side)
ÐDAC = Ð ACB (alternate angles are equal, since AB || CD) (1/2 mark)
Therefore, by ASA,
DACD @ DABC (1/2 mark)

Q25.

ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the mid-point of the side BC. If DE and AB when produced meet at F, prove that AB = BF.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

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Given: ABCD is a parallelogram.

CE = BE.
To prove: AB = BF
Proof: In triangles BFE and DEC,
BE = CE [since E is the mid-point of BC]
ÐBEF = ÐCED [vertically opposite angles]
ÐBFE = ÐEDC [alternate angles] (1 mark)
Therefore, DBEF @ DCED By ASA (1/2 mark)
Hence, BF = DC.
But, DC = AB.
Hence, AB = BF (1/2 mark)

Q26.
State which of the following statements are true and which are false:
(1) In a parallelogram diagonals are equal.
(2) A parallelogram is a rhombus if its diagonals are perpendicular to each other.
(3) Diagonals of a square are equal and bisect each other at right angles.
(4) A parallelogram in which consecutive sides are equal is a rectangles.
(Marks : 2)
Solution : (1) False (1/2 mark)
(2) True (1/2 mark)
(3) True (1/2 mark)
(4) False (1/2 mark)
Q27.
If the diagonals of a rhombus are 18 cm and 24 cm find the measure of its side.
(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Let AC = 24 cm BD = 18 cm
Diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
Therefore, BO = OD = 9 cm
AO = OC = 12 cm (1/2 mark)
InDAOD, AO = 12 cm
OD = 9 cm,ÐAOD = 90o Therefore, by Pythagoras Theorem
AO2 + OD2 = AD2
122 + 92 = AD2 (1/2 mark)
144 + 81 = AD2
225 = AD2
Þ AD = 15 cm
Therefore, sides of rhombus are of length 15 cm. (1 mark

Q28.
In a right-angled triangle QPR, right-angled at P, PM bisects ÐQPR meeting QR at M. ML is drawn perpendicular to PR and MN
perpendicular to PQ. Prove that PLMN is a square.
(Marks : 2)
Solution :

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(1/2 mark)

Given:
A right-angled,D RPQ, right-angled at P, PM is the bisector of angleÐ QPR.

To Prove: PLMN is a square (1/2 mark)

Proof:
Since, M lies on the bisector ofÐ QPR
ML = MN (i) (1/2 mark)
Also, ÐMNP =Ð NPL = 90o
MN | | LP (ii)
Also, ML ^ PR
Therefore,Ð MLP =Ð LPN = 90o (1/2 mark)
ML | | NP (iii)
From (ii) and (iii), PLMN is a parallelogram

ÐMNP = Ð NPL = Ð LMN =Ð MLP = 900, ML=MN

MN = LP = ML = NP
Hence, PLMN is a square (1 mark)

Q29.

ABCD is a parallelogram and line segments AX, CY bisect the angles A and C, respectively. Show that AX || CY.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Given: ABCD is a parallelogram where AX bisects ÐA and CY bisects Ð C.

To Prove: AX || CY
Proof: Since opposite angles are equal in a parallelogram, we get,
ÐA = Ð C
or ÐA = ÐC
Ð1 = Ð2 [since, AX and AY bisects Ð A and ÐC respectively] (i) (1 mark)
AB || DC and CY is a transversal.
Ð2 = Ð3 (ii) [alternate interior angles] (1/2 mark)
Therefore, Ð1 = Ð3 [using (i) and (ii)]

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But these are corresponding angles.
Þ AX || CY [converse of corresponding angles theorem] (1/2 mark)

Q30.

Prove that a straight line drawn from the vertex of a triangle to the base is bisected by the straight line which joins the middle points of
the other sides of the triangle.

(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Given: DABC where E and F are the midpoints of AB and AC respectively. AD is any line segment from vertex A to the base BC. AD
meets EF at R.
To prove: AR = RD
Construction: Draw PAQ||BC through A. (1 mark)
Proof: EF is the line joining the mid-points of AB and AC ofDABC.
Therefore, EF||BC [mid-point theorem].
But PAQ||BC
ÞPAQ||EF||BC (1/2 mark)
Now, AB is a transversal where these three parallel lines are making equal intercepts.
i.e. AE = EB [E is the midpoint of AB].
Therefore, intercepts made by these parallel lines on the transversal AD are also equal. i.e. AR = RD (1/2 mark)

Q31.
E and F are the mid-points of the sides AB and AC of a △ABC. If AB = 5 cm, BC = 5 cm and AC = 6 cm, Then what is the value of
EF? Also state the relationship between angle E and angle B.

(Marks : 2)
Solution : Using mid point theorem we get:
EF = BC = 5 = 2.5 cm (1 mark)

Since EF ││ BC by mid point theorem, so < B = < E and they form a pair of corresponding angles. (1 mark)
Q32.
Prove that the figure formed by joining the mid-points of the pairs of consecutive sides of a quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
(Marks : 2)
Solution : Given: A quadrilateral PQRS in which A, B, C and D are the mid- points of sides PQ, QR, RS and SP respectively.
To prove: ABCD is a parallelogram.
Construction: Join PR.

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(1 mark)
Proof: In DSPR, D is the mid-point of SP and C is the mid-point of SR.
Therefore, by the mid-point theorem, we get
DC || PR and DC = PR (i) (1/2 mark)
Similarly, in DPQR, A and B are the mid-points of PQ and QR respectively.
Therefore, by the mid-point theorem, we get
AB || PR and AB = PR (ii) (1/2 mark)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
DC || AB and DC = AB
Now, in quadrilateral ABCD, one pair of opposite sides are equal and parallel.
Therefore, ABCD is a parallelogram (1 mark)
Q33.
If ABCD is a quadrilateral and P, Q, R and S are the midpoints of AB, BC, CD and DA, respectively, then show that quadrilateral PQRS
is a parallelogram.

(Marks : 2)
Solution : Using mid point theorem in ∆ADC, we get:
SR ││AC and SR = AC (0.5 mark)

Using mid point theorem in ∆ABC, we get:

PQ ││AC and PQ = AC (0.5 mark)

Hence SR ││PQ and SR = PQ (0.5 mark)

Thus, PQRS is a parallelogram because one pair of opposite sides is equal and parallel. (0.5 mark)
Q34.
M,N and P are the mid-points of AB, AC and BC res. If MN = 3 cm, NP = 3.5 cm and MP = 2.5 cm, calculate BC, AB and AC.

(Marks : 2)
Solution : Using mid point theorem we get:
MN = BC , NP = AB and MP = AC (1 mark)

Therefore, BC = 6 cm , AB = 7 cm and AC = 5 cm. (1 mark)

Q35.

E and F are respectively the mid-points of non parallel sides AD and BC of a trapezium ABCD . Prove that EF|| AB.

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(Marks : 2)
Solution :

Given: A trapezium ABCD in which AB || DC , E and F are the mid-points of AD and BC respectively.
To prove: EF || AB
Construction: Suppose EF is not parallel to AB.
Draw EG || AB, meeting BC in G.
Proof: AB|| EG || DC and the transversal AD cuts them such that AE = ED. Also BGC is another transversal.
ÞBG = GC [intercept theorem] (1 mark)
This shows that G is the mid-point of BC.
But F is the mid-point of BC [given]
So, G must coincide with F.
Thus, our supposition is wrong
Hence, EF || AB (1 mark)

Q36.

In the figure, AP and BP are the bisectors of two adjacent angles A and B of quadrilateral ABCD. Prove that 2ÐAPB = ÐC + ÐD.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: ABCD is a quadrilateral. The bisectors of two adjacent angles A and B are AP and BP respectively. They meet at P.
To prove: 2ÐAPB = ÐC + ÐD (1 mark)
Proof:
ÐA + ÐB + ÐC + ÐD = 360o (i) [angle sum property of a quadrilateral] (1/2 mark)
In DAPB,
Ð1 + Ð2 + ÐAPB = 180o [angle sum property of a triangle]
2Ð1 + 2Ð2 + 2ÐAPB = 2 ´ 180o [Multiplying by 2] (1/2 mark)
ÐA + ÐB + 2ÐAPB = 360o (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
ÐA + ÐB + ÐAPB = ÐA + ÐB + ÐC + ÐD
2ÐAPB = ÐC + ÐD. (1 mark)

Q37.

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The floor of a rectangular hall has a perimeter 300 m. If the cost of painting the four walls at the rate of `20 per sq.m is `20000, find the
height of the hall.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Perimeter of floor = 300 m or 2(l + b) = 300 m

Area of the four walls of the hall = 2(l + b) x h = 300h ----------- (1) (1 mark)

Cost of painting the four walls = `20000

Rate per sq. m = `20

∴ Area of the four walls = 20000/20 = 1000 sq. m ------------ (2) (1 mark)

Equating (1) and (2), we get

300h = 1000

h = 1000/300 = 3.3 m approx. (1 mark)

Q38.
ABCD is a rectangle with ÐBAC = 32o . Determine ÐDBC.
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

(1/2 mark)
Suppose the diagonals AC and BD intersect at O.
Then, in DOAB, we have,
OA = OB [since diagonals of a rectangle are equal and they bisect each other]
Þ ÐOAB = ÐOBA (since angles opposite to equal sides are equal) (1/2 mark)
Þ ÐBAC = ÐDBA (since ABCD is a rectangle)
Þ ÐDBA = 32o [since BAC = 32o given] (1 mark)
Now, ÐABC = 90o[since ABCD is a rectangle]
Þ ÐDBA + ÐDBC = 90o
Þ 32o + ÐDBC = 90o
Þ ÐDBC = 68o (1 mark)

Q39.

The diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD intersect at O. A line through O intersects AB at X and DC at Y. Prove that OX = OY.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

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(1/2 mark)

Since, ABCD is a parallelogram

Therefore, AB||DC
Now, AB||DC and transversal AC intersects them.
Therefore, Ð1 =Ð 2 (1) [since, alternate angles are equal] (1/2 mark)
Since, the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
Therefore, OA = OC (2) (1/2 mark)
Also, Ð3 = Ð4 (3) [vertically opposite angles] (1/2 mark)
Thus, in triangles OAX and OCY, we have,
Ð1 = Ð2 [from (1)]
OA = OC [from (2)]
and Ð3 =Ð 4 [from (3)]
So, by ASA criterion congruence DOAX @ DOCY (1/2 mark)
ÞOX = OY [since, corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal] (1/2 mark)

Q40.
In a triangle ABC, median AD is produced to X such that AD = DX. Prove that ABXC is a parallelogram.
(Marks : 3)

Solution : (1/2 mark)

Given: DABC where AD is a median . Also, AD is produced to X such that

AD = DX.
To prove: Quadrilateral ABXC is a parallelogram.
Construction: Join BX and CX. (1/2 mark)
Proof: In ABC, AD is a median
Therefore, BD = DC (i) (1/2 mark)
In triangles ABD and XDC.
BD = DC [from (i)]
ÐADB =Ð XDC [vertically opposite angles] (1/2 mark)
AD = DX [given]
Therefore, DABD @ DXDC [SAS] (1/2 mark)
Þ AB = CX (corresponding of parts of congruent triangles) (1/2 mark)
Q41.
In a parallelogram ABCD, BD is one of the diagonals. AN and MC are perpendiculars drawn on this diagonal from the vertices A and C
respectively. Prove that
(i) DADN@ DCBM
(ii) AN = CM

(Marks : 3)
Solution :
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Given: ABCD is a parallelogram.

AN ^ BD and CM ^ BD.
To prove:
(i) DADN@ DCBM
(ii) AN = CM (1/2 mark)
Proof: ABCD is a parallelogram.
AD || BC and BD is a transversal.
Therefore, ÐADB = ÐCBD (alternate angles) (1/2 mark)
Þ ÐADN = ÐCBM (i) (1/2 mark)
In triangles ADN and CBM,
ÐADN = ÐCBM [from (i)]
ÐAND = ÐBMC = 90o [given] (1/2 mark)
AD = BC [opposite sides of a parallelogram]
Therefore, DADN@ DCBM (AAS) (1/2 mark)
ÞAN = CM [corresponding parts of congruent triangles] (1/2 mark)

Q42.
The diagonals of a rectangle are of equal length. Prove it.
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: A rectangle ABCD

To prove: BD = AC
(1/2 mark)

Proof: We know that a rectangle is a parallelogram with one angle as 90o.

In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal.
Thus, ÐA =Ð C and ÐB = ÐD. (1/2 mark)
Also, sum of four angles = 360o and ÐA = 90o
Each angle is 90o (1/2 mark)
Now, inDBAD andD ABC, we have,
AD = BC [since opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal]
ÐA = ÐB [each is 90o]
and AB = AB [common]
Therefore, by the SAS criterion of congruency, we have
D BAD @ DABC (1 mark)
Hence, BD = AC [since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal] (1/2 mark)

Q43.

ABC is a triangle where three lines are drawn through the vertices A, B and C parallel to the sides BC, CA and AB respectively,
forming PQR. Prove that
BC = PR

AC = PQ

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AB = RQ

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: In triangles ABC and PQR,

AB||QR
AC||PQ
BC||RP (1/2 mark)

To prove: BC = RP

AC = PQ

AB = QR (1/2 mark)

Proof: In quadrilateral APBC,

AP||CB
PB||AC [given]
Therefore, APBC is a parallelogram.
Therefore, BC = AP [opposite sides of a parallelogram] (i) (1/2 mark)
Similarly, ABCR is a parallelogram.
Therefore, BC = AR (ii) (1/2 mark)
From (i) and (ii)
AP = AR (1/2 mark)
Therefore, BC = AP = PR.

Similarly,
AC = PQ

AB = QR (1/2 mark)

Q44.

In a parallelogram, the bisector of ∠L also bisects MN at K. Prove that ∠O = 2∠M.

(Marks : 3)
Solution : It is given that ∠L bisects ∠K.
∠L = 1/2∠K –(i) (1/2 mark)

Also, LMNO is a parallelogram, LO ||MN and LM intersects them. Therefore, ∠L + ∠M = 180° (Since sum of interior angles is 180°)
=>∠M = 180° – ∠L (1/2 mark)
In △LMK, we have
∠1 + ∠2 + LM = 180° (1/2 mark)
=>1/2∠L + ∠2 + (180 – ∠L) = 180°
=>∠2 – 1/2∠L = 0
=> ∠2 = 1/2∠L –(ii) (1/2 mark)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
In △LMK , we have ∠1 =∠2

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=>∠L =∠ K (1/2 mark)
=> 2∠K = 2∠M
=> MN = 2∠M (Since for parallelogram, the midpoint of MN)
=> ∠O = 2∠M (1/2 mark)
(Since LMNO is a parallelogram therefore, LM = MN)
Q45.

In the figure below, find the four angles A, B, C and D in the parallelogram ABCD.

(Marks : 3)
Solution : In parallelogram ABCD,
AD ||BC and BD is the transversal.
Therefore, ÐCDB = ÐABD = 2a
ÐCBD =Ð ADB = 3a [alternate angles]
Therefore, ÐB =ÐD = 5a (i) (1 mark)
Also, ÐA = ÐC = 5a (ii) [opposite angles of a parallelogram] (1/2 mark)
Therefore, ÐA + ÐB + ÐC + ÐD = 360o [sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360o)
or 5a + 5a + 5a + 5a = 360o [using (i) and (ii)]
or 20a = 360o
or a = 18o (1 mark)
Therefore, ÐA = ÐB = ÐC = ÐD = 5a
or ÐA = Ð B = ÐC = ÐD = 90o (1/2 mark)
Q46.

Prove that in a parallelogram the bisectors of any two consecutive angles intersect at a right angle.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: A parallelogram PQRS in which the bisector of ÐP and ÐQ meet at M.

To prove: ÐPMQ = 90°

(1 mark)
Proof: PQRS is a parallelogram. [Given]
Þ SP || RQ [since opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel]
and PQ is a transversal.
Þ ÐSPQ + ÐPQR = 180° [co-interior angles are supplementary] (1 mark)
Þ ÐSPQ + ÐPQR = ´ 180°
Þ ÐMPQ + ÐMQP = 90° [since PM and QM are the bisectors of the angles P and Q respectively]
Now, in triangle PMQ, we have,
ÐMPQ + ÐMQP +ÐPMQ = 180° [angle sum property of a triangle]
Þ 90° + ÐPMQ = 180°
ÐPMQ = 180° - 90° (1 mark)

Q47.

In the figure above, ABCD is a parallelogram L and M are points on AB and DC respectively and AL = CM. Prove that LM and BD
bisect each other.
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(Marks : 3)
Solution :

In the figure above, ABCD is a parallelogram L and M are points on AB and DC respectively and AL = CM. Prove that LM and BD
bisect each other. Given:
Parallelogram ABCD where BD is a diagonal.
ML is a line intersecting BD at O and touching CD at M and AB at L
Also AL = CM
To Prove:
LM and BD bisect each other. (1/2 mark)
Proof:
AL = CM [given] (i)
AB = CD (ii) [opposite sides of a parallelogram]
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get,
AB - AL = CD - CM
or LB = DM (iii) (1 mark)
In D s LOB and MOD,
Ð1 = Ð2 [AB||CD, ML transversal]
Ð3 = Ð4 [AB||CD, BD transversal]
LB = DM [from (iii)] (1/2 mark)
Therefore, DLOB@ D MOD (ASA)
ÞLO = OM and DO = OB [corresponding parts of congruent triangles]
Þ BD and LM bisect each other. (1 mark)
her.

Q48.

ABC is a triangle where three lines are drawn through the vertices A, B and C parallel to the sides BC, CA and AB respectively,
forming PQR. Prove that
BC = PR

AC = PQ

AB = RQ

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: In triangles ABC and PQR,

AB||QR
AC||PQ
BC||RP (1/2 mark)

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To prove: BC = RP

AC = PQ

AB = QR (1/2 mark)

Proof: In quadrilateral APBC,

AP||CB
PB||AC [given]
Therefore, APBC is a parallelogram.
Therefore, BC = AP [opposite sides of a parallelogram] (i) (1/2 mark)
Similarly, ABCR is a parallelogram.
Therefore, BC = AR (ii) (1/2 mark)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
AP = AR
Therefore, BC = AP = PR. (1/2 mark)

Similarly, AC = PQ

AB = QR (1/2 mark)

Q49.

EFGH is a parallelogram and line segments EA and FB bisect angles E and G respectively, show that EA || GB.

(Marks : 3)
Solution : In a parallelogram EFGH, line segments EA and GB bisect the angles E and G respectively. i.e., ∠1 = ∠2 and ∠3 = ∠4.
(1/2 mark)
To prove EA || GB, in parallelogram EFGH ∠E = ∠G (opposite angles of a parallelogram)
=> ∠1 +∠2 =∠3 + ∠4
=> ∠2 + ∠2 = ∠3 + ∠3 (Since ∠1 =∠2 and ∠3 = ∠4)
=> 2∠2 =2∠3
Therefore ∠2 =∠3 –(i) (1/2 mark)
Now, HG || EF (opposite sides of a parallelogram) and GB is a transversal. (1/2 mark)
Therefore, ∠3 = ∠5 (alternate interior angles of a parallelogram) –(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
∠2 =∠5. (1/2 mark)
These are corresponding angles EA || GB. (1/2 mark)
Q50.
DBEC is an equilateral triangle in a square ABCD. Find the value of angle x in degrees.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :
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Given ABCD is a square

Therefore, ÐABC = 90o
CBO = 90o

Therefore, Ð CBO = 45o (i) (1 mark)

[Diagonal of the square bisects the angle]
Since, DBEC is an equilateral triangle
Therefore, Ð BCE = 60o (ii)
Therefore, ÐBCO = 60o (1 mark)
From DBCO,
ÐCBO + ÐBOC + Ð BCO = 180o
Þ 45o + xo + 60o = 180o [ BOC = xo]
Þ 105o + xo = 180o
Þ xo = 180o - 105o
Þ xo = 75o (1 mark)

Q51.
Prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram if its opposite angles are equal.
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: A quadrilateral PQRS in which ÐS = ÐQ andÐP = ÐR

To prove: Quadrilateral PQRS is a parallelogram.

Proof: In quadrilateral PQRS, we have

ÐP = ÐR [given] (i)
ÐQ =ÐS [given] (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get,
ÐP +ÐQ =ÐR + ÐS
We also know that
ÐP + ÐQ =ÐR + ÐS = 360o [by the angle sum property of a quadrilateral] (iii)
ÐR + ÐS + ÐR + ÐS = 360o [since ÐP + ÐQ = ÐR + ÐS (proved)]
Þ2(ÐR + ÐS) = 360o
ÞÐR + ÐS = 360o (1 mark)
Similarly, by replacing ÐR + ÐS by ÐP + ÐQ, we can get
ÐP + ÐQ = 180o (1/2 mark)
Now, PQ is a transversal intersecting the two lines SP and RQ at two distinct points P and Q such that the co-interior angles are
supplementary.
That is, ÐP + ÐQ = 180o [proved]
Therefore, SP||RQ (iv) (1/2 mark)
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Similarly, on adding (i) and (ii), we get
ÐP + ÐS = ÐR + ÐQ
Putting this value of ÐP + ÐS in (iii), we get
Þ2(ÐR + ÐQ) = 360o
ÞÐR + ÐQ = 180o = ÐP + ÐS
Therefore, it is also be proved that SR || PQ. (v) (1 mark)
As each pair of opposite sides consists of parallel lines, [from (iv) and (v)]
PQRS is a parallelogram.

Q52.

PQRS is a parallelogram. PX and QY are respectively the perpendiculars from P and Q to SR and SR produced. Prove that PX = QY.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given:
PQRS is a parallelogram PX and QY are perpendiculars to SR and RS produced. (1/2 mark)
To prove:
PX =QY
Proof:
PQRS is a parallelogram.
Therefore, PS = QR (i) (1/2 mark)
Also PS || QR and SY is a transversal.
Þ Ð1 = Ð2 (ii) [corresponding angles] (1/2 mark)
In triangles PXS and QRY,
Ð1 =Ð 2 [from (ii)]
PS = QR [from (i)]
ÐX = ÐY = 90o (1 mark)
Therefore, PXS QYR [AAS]
ÞPX = QY [corresponding parts of congruent triangles] (1/2 mark)

Q53.
Prove that each angle of a square is a right angle and each of the four sides is of the same length.
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

(1/2 mark)

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Given: A square ABCD such that AB = BC.
To Prove:
a) AB = BC = CD = DA
b) ÐA =Ð B =Ð C =Ð D = 90o (1/2 mark)
Proof: ABCD is a square.
ÞABCD is a rectangle.
ÞÐ A =Ð B = ÐC = ÐD = 90o (1/2 mark)
Therefore, (b) is proved.
Again, ABCD is a square.
ÞABCD is a parallelogram.
Therefore, AB = DC and AD = BC
But, AB = BC [given]
Þ AB = BC = DC = AD
Hence, proved. (1.5 marks)

Q54.

ABCD is a square. The point A is joined to a point P on BC and D is joined to a point Q on AB. If AP = DQ, prove that AP and DQ are
perpendicular to each other.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given:
(i) ABCD is a square
(ii) P and Q are any two points on BC and AB respectively.
(iii) AP = DQ
To prove: AP and DQ are perpendicular to each other.
Construction: AP and DQ intersect at O.
Proof: In DABP and DDAQ,
AP = DQ [given]
ÐDAQ = ÐPBA = 90o
AD = AB [since ABCD is a square]
Hence, DABP@ DDAQ (1 mark)
Therefore, Ð1 = Ð2 and Ð3 = Ð4 [being the corresponding parts of congruent triangles]
In DAPB,
Ð1 + Ð3 + ÐABP = 180o (1/2 mark)
But ÐABP = 90o
Therefore, Ð1 + Ð3 + 90o = 180o
ÞÐ1 + Ð3 =90o (1/2 mark)
In DDAQ,
Ð2 + Ð4 +ÐDAQ = 180o
But ÐDAQ = 90o.
Therefore, Ð2 + Ð4 + 90o = 180o
ÞÐ2 + Ð4 = 90o
ÞÐ1 + Ð4 = 90o (since Ð1 = Ð2) (1/2 mark)
In DOAQ,
Ð1 +Ð4 +ÐAOQ = 180o
ÞÐAOQ = 180o - (Ð1 + Ð4)
= 180o - 90o
= 90o
Thus, AO^ DQ i.e. AP^ DQ. (1/2 mark)

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Q55.
PQRS is a parallelogram in which bisectors of the angles P and Q intersect at O. Prove that ÐPOQ is 90o.
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

(1/2 mark)
Given: In the parallelogram PQRS, PO and QO are the angle bisectors of ÐP and ÐQ. (1/2 mark)
To Prove: ÐPOQ = 90o
Proof: PS || QR and PQ is the transversal
Therefore, ÐSPQ + ÐRQP = 180o (1/2 mark)
Þ ÐSPQ + ÐRQP = x 180o

Þ ÐSPQ + ÐRQP = 90o

Þ ÐOPQ + ÐOQP = 90o (1/2 mark)

In the OPQ,
Þ ÐOPQ + ÐOQP + ÐPOQ = 180o
Þ 90o + ÐPOQ = 180o
Þ ÐPOQ = 90o (1 mark)

Q56.
If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then prove that it is a rectangle.

(Marks : 3)
Solution : In ∆ABC and ∆DCB
AB = DC opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal
BC = BC common
AC = BD Given
Therefore ∆ABC ∆DCB by SSS (1.5 marks)
Hence ∠B = ∠C By CPCT
But adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary, so ∠B = ∠C = 90o. (1 mark)
Thus, ABCD is a rectangle. (0.5 mark)
Q57.

Prove that if a diagonal of a parallelogram bisects one of the angles of the parallelogram, it also bisects the second angle

(Marks : 3)
Solution : Given: A parallelogram PQRS in which diagonal PR bisects ÐP
To prove: PR bisects ÐR
(1/2 mark)

Proof: It is given that PQRS is a parallelogram.

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Þ SR || PQ and SP || RQ (1/2 mark)

Now, SR || PQ and PR is a transversal.
Þ Ð3 = Ð2 [alternate angles are equal] (i) (1/2 mark)
Again, SP || RQ and PR is a transversal.
Þ Ð1 = Ð4 [alternate angles are equal] (ii) (1/2 mark)
As Ð1 = Ð2 [since, PR bisects ÐP(given)]
Therefore, from (i) and (ii), (1/2 mark)
Ð3 = Ð4
PR bisects ÐR (1/2 mark)
Q58.
Prove that the two diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: A parallelogram PQRS in which the diagonals PR and SQ intersect at O

To prove: OS = OQ and OP = OR
Proof: PQRS is a parallelogram, therefore
SR || PQ and PS || QR
Now, as SR || PQ and SQ is a transversal intersecting them at two distinct points, therefore,
ÐRSQ = ÐSQP [alternate interior angles are equal]
ÐRSO = ÐOQP (i) (1/2 mark)
Again, as SR || PQ and PR is a transversal intersecting them at two distinct points,
therefore,
ÐSRP = ÐRPQ [alternate interior angles are equal]
ÐSRO = ÐOPQ (ii) (1/2 mark)
Now, in DSOR and DQOP, we have,
ÐRSO =ÐOQP [from (i)]
ÐSRO = ÐOPQ [from (ii)]
and SR = PQ [since the opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal]
Therefore, by the ASA criterion of congruency, we have
DSOR @ DQOP (1 mark)
Hence, SO = QO and RO = OP [since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal] (1 mark)

Q59.
Prove that the line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle, parallel to another side intersects the third side at its mid-point.
(Note: This is the converse of the Mid-point Theorem)
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given:
A triangle ABC in which D is the midpoint of AB and ED || BC.
To prove:
E is the mid-point of AC.
Construction:
Assume, if possible, E is not the mid-point of AC. Let E' be the midpoint of AC. Join DE'. (1 mark)
Proof:
D is the mid-point of AB [given]
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E' is the mid-point of AC [by assumption]
Þ DE' is the line joining the mid-points of two sides of DABC
Þ DE' || BC [by mid-point theorem] (i) (1 mark)
But, DE || BC [given]
Thus, two intersecting lines DE and DE' are both parallel to BC.
This is only possible if they are coincident.
Thus, our assumption was wrong and the points E and E' are coincident.
Therefore, E is the mid-point of AC. (1 mark)

Q60.
Prove that in a parallelogram, if the diagonals are equal and perpendicular, then it is a square.
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram in which AC = BD and AC^ BD

To Prove: ABCD is a square.
Proof: In a parallelogram the diagonals bisect each other
Therefore, AO = OC and DO = OB
Now, in DAOD and DCOD
AO = OC [Proved above]
DO = DO (common side)
ÐAOD = ÐCOD [each 90o]
Therefore, ÐAOD@ ÐCOD (by SAS) (1 mark)
Therefore, AD = CD (by cpct)
But AD = BC and AB = CD [opposite sides of a parallelogram]
Therefore, AD = DC = BC = AB
Now, in the DACD and the DBCD
AC = BD (given)
CD = CD (common)
AD = BC (opposite sides of a parallelogram)
DACD@ DBCD (by SSS) (1 mark)
Therefore, ÐADC = ÐBCD (by cpct)
As, ÐADC + ÐBCD = 180o (since AD ||BC and co-interior angles are supplementary)
ÞÐADC + ÐADC = 180o
Þ2ÐADC = 180o
ÞÐADC = 90o
Therefore, ÐBCD = 90o
Since, AB = BC = CD = DA and ÐA = ÐB = ÐC = ÐD = 90o
Therefore, ABCD is a square. (1 mark)

Q61.
In Quadrilateral ABCD, ∠A+∠C=140o ∠A:∠C=1:3 and ∠B:∠D=5:6. Find the values of ∠A, ∠B, ∠C and ∠D?

(Marks : 3)

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Solution : ∠A+∠C=140o and ∠A:∠C=1:3

∠A =

∠C = (1.5 marks)

∠B:∠D=5:6
∠B +∠D= 360o - 140o = 220o
∠B =

∠D = (1.5 marks)

Q62.

If a quadrilateral has its one pair of opposite sides equal and parallel, then prove that it is a parallelogram.

OR

In the given figure, P is any point on the side CD of parallelogram ABCD. A point K is taken on CD produced so that CP = DK. A line
is drawn through K parallel to AD meeting BP at R. Q isthe point of intersection of BP and AD produced. Prove that AQRK is a
parallelogram.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given:
A quadrilateral PQRS in which SR = PQ and SR || PQ
To prove:
PQRS is a parallelogram, that is, PS || RQ.
Construction:
Join PR

Analysis:
Since SR || PQ (given), therefore to prove quadrilateral PQRS a parallelogram we will prove that PS || RQso that both pair of opposite
sides will be parallel and PQRS will be a parallelogram.
Proof:
Since SR || PQ [given]
and PR is a transversal, therefore

ÐSRP = ÐRPQ [since alternate angles are equal](i)

Now, in DSRP and DQPR, we have
SR = PQ [given]
ÐSRP = ÐRPQ [from (i)]
and PR = PR [common]
Therefore, by the SAS criterion of congruency, we have
DSPR @ DQPR (1.5 marks)
Therefore, DSPR @ DQPR [since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal](ii)
Now, SP and RQ are two lines intersected by a transversal PRat two distinct points P and R such that the alternate interior angles are
equal.
That is, DSPR @ DPRQ [from (ii)]
Therefore, SP || RQ
Also, SR || PQ [given]
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Since both the pairs of opposite sides of quadrilateral PQRS are parallel,
PQRS is a parallelogram.(1.5 marks)

Or

Given: P is any point on the side CD of parallelogram ABCD.

A point K is taken on CD produced so that CP = DK. A line is drawn through K parallel to AD meeting BP at R. Q is the point of
intersection of BP and AD produced.
To prove: AQRK isa parallelgram (1 mark)
Proof: In DBPC and DADK
BC = AD [opposite sides of a parallelogram]
PC = KD (given)
ÐBCP = ÐADK. (corresponding angles)
Therefore, DBPC @ DAKD (SAS congruency)
Therefore, BP = AK (cpct) (1 mark)
But BP || AK [Since, ÐBPC = ÐAKD] (corresponding angles)
In quadrilaeral AQRK,
AK || BP
Þ AK || QR (i)
and AD || KR (given)
Þ AQ || KR (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
AQRK is a parallelogram(1 mark)

Q63.

ABCD is a parallelogram. AB is produced to E such that AB = BE . Prove that ED bisects BC.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: A parallelogram ABCD where AB is produced to E such that AB = BE.

DE is joined intersecting BC at O.
To Prove: BO = OC
Proof: ABCD is a parallelogram.
Þ AB || DC and BC is a transversal .
Therefore, Ð1 = Ð3 [alternate interior angles] (i) (1 mark)
Also, AB = DC
But, AB =BE [given]
Þ DC = BE (ii) (1/2 mark)

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In triangles DOC and BOE,
Ð1 =Ð 3 [from (i)]
Ð2 =Ð 4 [vertically opposite angles]
DC = BE [from (ii)]
Therefore, DDOC@ DEOB [AAS] (1 mark)
Þ BO = CO [corresponding parts of congruent triangles]
Þ O is the midpoint of BC
Þ ED bisects BC. (1/2 mark)

Q64.
Prove that if the diagonals of a parallelogram are perpendicular, then it is a rhombus.
(Marks : 3)
Solution : Given: PQRS is a parallelogram in which RP^ SQ.
That is,ÐSOR=900 .
The diagonals SQ and PR intersect at O.
To prove: PQRS is a rhombus.

(1/2 mark)

Proof: In DSOR andD QOR, we have

OS = OQ [since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other]
OR = OR [common]
and SOR=ROQ = 90o [given]
Therefore, by the SAS criterion of congruency, we have,
DSOR @ DQOR (1 mark)
Therefore, SR = RQ [since corresponding parts of congruent triangle are equal] (1/2 mark)
Since the adjacent sides of parallelogram PQRS are equal, therefore
PQRS is a rhombus. (1 mark)
Q65.
The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other. Prove it
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: A rhombus PQRS and its diagonals SQ and PR intersecting at O

To prove: SOR = 90

Proof: We know that a rhombus is a parallelogram with all the four sides equal and in a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other.
Therefore, in the given rhombus PQRS, we have
PQ = QR = RS = SP and OP = OR, OS = OQ (i)
Now, in triangle SOR and triangle QOR, we have
OS = OQ
SR = RQ [from (i)]
and OR = OR [common]
Therefore, by the SSS criterion of congruency, we have
DSOR @ DQOR (1 mark)
Therefore, SOR = QOR[since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal] (1/2 mark)

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Now, as ÐSOR + ÐQOR =1800 [by linear pair axiom] (1/2 mark)
ÐSOR+ÐSOR = 1800
2ÐSOR = 1800
ÐSOR = 900 (1 mark)

Q66.
The diagonals AC and BD of a parallelogram ABCD intersect each other at the point O. If ∠DAC=32o and ∠AOB=70o then, ∠DBC is
equal to

(Marks : 3)
Solution : ∠AOD and ∠AOB form a linear pair, so ∠AOD = 110o (1 mark)
∠ADO = 180o – (110o + 32o) = 38o (1 mark)
Hence, ∠DBC = 38o as ∠ADB and ∠DBC form a pair of alternate angles. (1 mark)
Q67.

ABCD is a rhombus with ABC = 56o . Determine ACD.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

(1/2 mark)

ABCD is a rhombus.
ABCD is parallelogram.
ABC = ADC (opposite S of a parallelogram are equal)
ADC = 56o [given] (1/2 mark)
ODC = 28o [since, ODC = ADC] (1/2 mark)

Now, in OCD we have,

OCD + ODC + COD = 180o (sum of angles of a triangle = 180o) (1/2 mark)
OCD + 28o + 90o = 180o ( COD = 90o as diagonals of a rhombus are parallelogram bisectors of each other)
OCD + 118o = 180o
OCD = 62o (1 mark)

Q68.
The diagonals of a rectangle ABCD meet at O. If ÐBOC = 44o, find ÐOAD.
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

We have,
ÐBOC + ÐBOA = 180o [linear pair]
Þ 44o + ÐBOA = 180o

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Þ ÐBOA = 136o (1/2 mark)

Since, diagonals of a rectangle are equal and they bisect each other, therefore, inDOAB, we have
OA = OB
Ð1 = Ð2 (1/2 mark)
[since, angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
Now, in DOAB, we have
Ð1 + Ð2 + ÐBOA = 180o (angle sum property)
Þ 2 Ð1 + 136o = 180o
Þ 2 Ð1 = 44o
Þ Ð1 = 22o (1 mark)
Since, each angle of a rectangle is a right angle. Therefore,
ÐBAD = 90o
Þ Ð1 + Ð3 = 90o
Þ 22o + Ð3 = 90o
Þ Ð3 = 68o (1 mark)

Q69.

ABC is a triangle where three lines are drawn through the vertices A, B and C parallel to the sides BC, CA and AB respectively,
forming DPQR. Prove that
BC = PR

AC = PQ

AB = RQ

(Marks : 3)
Solution : Given: In triangles ABC and PQR,
AB || QR
AC || PQ
BC || RP (1/2 mark)
To prove: BC = RP

AC = PQ

AB = QR (1/2 mark)
Proof: In quadrilateral APBC,
AP || CB
PB || AC [given]
Therefore, APBC is a parallelogram.
Therefore, BC = AP [opposite sides of a parallelogram] (i) (1/2 mark)
Similarly, ABCR is a parallelogram.
Therefore, BC = AR (ii) (1/2 mark)
From (i) and (ii)
AP = AR (1/2 mark)
Therefore, BC = AP = PR.
Similarly,
AC = PQ

AB = QR (1/2 mark)
Q70.
ABCD is a rhombus withÐ ABC = 56o . DetermineÐ ACD.
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

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ABCD is a rhombus.
ÞABCD is parallelogram.
ÞÐABC = ÐADC (oppositeÐ S of a parallelogram are equal)
Þ ÐADC = 56o [given] (1/2 mark)
ÞÐODC = 28o [since, ÐODC =Ð ADC] (1/2 mark)
Now, in DOCD we have,
ÞÐOCD + ÐODC +Ð COD = 180o (sum of angles of a triangle = 180o) (1/2 mark)
ÞÐ OCD + 28o + 90o = 180o ( ÐCOD = 90o as diagonals of a rhombus are parallelogram bisectors of each other)
ÞÐOCD + 118o = 180o
ÞÐOCD = 62o (1 mark)

Q71.

ABCD is a parallelogram, E and F are the mid points of AB and CD respectively GH is any line that intersects AD, EF and BC at G, P
and H respectively. Prove that GP = PH.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: Parallelogram ABCD where E and F are the mid points of AB and CD respectively.
Therefore, AE = EB , DF = FC.
Also GH is a line intersecting EF at P.

To Prove: GP = PH

Proof: In quadrilateral AEFD,

AE = AB

DF = DC (1/2 mark)

But AB = DC [opposite sides of a parallelogram]

Therefore, AE = DF (i) (1/2 mark)
Also AB || DC
Therefore, AE || DF (ii)
Therefore, quadrilateral AEFD is a parallelogram [from (i) and (ii)] (1/2 mark)
AD || EF
AD || EF || BC (iii)
and DFC is a transversal with equal intercepts DF = FC. (1/2 mark)
Hence GPH is another transversal intersecting parallel lines AD, EF and BC at G, P and H.
Therefore, intercepts GP = PH [intercept theorem]
Therefore, GP = PH (1 mark)
Hence, proved.

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Q72.
S, T and V are the mid points of RQ, PR and PQ of DPQR. Show that PS bisects VT at M.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: V, S and T are the mid points of sides PQ, QR and PR of DPQR.
To Prove: PS bisects VT
i.e, VM = MT
Construction: Join VS and ST (1/2 mark)
Proof: In DPQR, S is the mid point of QR and T is the mid point of PR.
Therefore, ST = PQ and ST || PQ by mid point theorem
Þ ST = VP and ST || VP (1 mark)
Similarly, S is the mid point of QR and V is the mid point of PQ
Therefore, VS = PR and VS || PR by mid point theorem
Þ VS = PT and VS || PT
Now, in the quadrilateral PVST,
VS || PT and ST || PV
Hence, PVST is a parallelogram. (1 mark)
Since, diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other, therefore, PS bisects VT
Therefore, VM = MT (1/2 mark)

Q73.
There is a visit in a school by the chairman of the school. Girls are asked to prepare Rangoli in triangular shape. Dimensions of ∆ABC
are 26 cm, 28 cm, 25 cm. Garland is to be placed along the side of ∆PQR which is formed by joining midpoints of sides of ∆ABC.
(a) Find the length of garland.
(b) What values are depicted here? (V) (CBSE sample)

(Marks : 3)

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Solution :

Using mid point theorem, we get;

RP = AC , PQ = AB and QR = BC (1 mark)

Therefore RP = 26cm = 13cm

PQ = 28 cm = 14cm and QR = 25 cm = 12.5cm (1 mark)

Hence length of garland = 13cm + 14cm+ 12.5cm = 39.5 cm. (0.5 mark)
Value depicted here is ‘Respect for Elders’ (0.5 mark)
Q74.

ABC is a triangle right angled at B, and P is the mid-point of AC. Prove that
PB = PA = AC

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: ABC is a right angled triangle = 90o.

P is the mid point of AC.

To Prove: PB = PA = AC

Construction: Through P, draw PR | | CB

Proof: (corresponding angles)

= 90o (given)
Therefore, = 90o
But, (angles of a linear pair)

(1 mark)
Now, in APR and BPR, we have,
AR = BR [R mid-point theorem]
(1 mark)
PR = PR (common)
Therefore, (By SAS congruency axiom)
PA = PB (cpct)
Now, PA + PC = AC
PA + PA = AC [P is the mid point of AC]
2PA = AC
PA = AC (1 mark)

Hence, PB = PA = AC.

Q75.

In the following figure, M, N and P are mid-points of AB, AC and BC respectively. If MN = 3 cm, NP = 3.5 cm and MP = 2.5 cm,
calculate BC, AB and AC.

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(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Since P is the mid-point of BC, therefore, BC = 2BP.

But BPNM is a parallelogram.
Therefore, BP = MN
ÞBC = 2MN = 2 X 3 = 6 cm. (1 mark)
Again, M is the mid-point of AB.
Therefore, AB = 2MB.
But, BPNM is a parallelogram.
Therefore, BM = PN
Hence, AB = 2MB = 2PN = 2 X 3.5 = 7 cm. (1 mark)
Similarly, N is the mid-point of AC.
Therefore, AC = 2NC = 2MP = 2 X 2.5 = 5 cm
Hence, BC = 6 cm, AB = 7 cm and AC = 5 cm. (1 mark)

Q76.

Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC and let D, E, F be the mid-points of BC, CA and AB respectively. Show that AD FE
and AD is bisected by FE.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: An isosceles triangle ABC with D, E and F as the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB respectively such that AB = AC. AD
intersects FE at O.

To prove: AD FE and AD is bisected by FE.

Construction: Join DE and DF.

Proof: Since the segment joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to third side and is half of it.
Therefore, DE || AB and DE = AB (By mid point theorem) (1 mark)

Also DF || AC and
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DF = AC (1/2 mark)

But AB = AC (given)
AB = AC

DE = DF (i) (1/2 mark)

Now, DE = AB = AF (ii)

DF = AC = AE (iii) (1/2 mark)

From (i) , (ii) and (iii) , we have,

DE = AE = AF = DF
DEAF is a rhombus .
Diagonals AD and FE bisect each other at right angle.
AD FE and AD is bisected by FE. (1/2 mark)

Q77.
ABCD is a parallelogram, E and F are the mid points of AB and CD respectively GH is any line that intersects AD, EF and BC at G, P
and H respectively. Prove that GP = PH.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: Parallelogram ABCD where E and F are the mid points of AB and CD respectively.
Therefore, AE = EB, DF = FC.
Also GH is a line intersecting EF at P.
To Prove: GP = PH
Proof: In quadrilateral AEFD,
AE = AB

DF = DC (1/2 mark)
But AB = DC [opposite sides of a parallelogram]
Therefore, AE = DF (i) (1/2 mark)
Also AB || DC
Therefore, AE || DF (ii)
Therefore, quadrilateral AEFD is a parallelogram [from (i) and (ii)] (1/2 mark)
as both pairs of opposite sides are parallel
Þ AD || EF
Þ AD || EF || BC (iii)
and DFC is a transversal with equal intercepts DF = FC. (1/2 mark)
Hence GPH is another transversal intersecting parallel lines AD, EF and BC at G , P and H.
Therefore, intercepts GP = PH [If three parallel lines are cut by two transversals then the intercepts on both transversals are equal]
Therefore, GP = PH (1 mark)
Hence, proved.

Q78.

D, E and F are respectively, the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB of an equilateral triangle ABC. Prove that DEF is also an
equilateral triangle.

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(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given:
(i) ABC is an equilateral triangle
(ii) D, E and F are the mid-points of BC, AC and AB.
To prove: DDEF is also an equilateral triangle.
Proof: Since, the segment joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is half of the third side. Therefore, D and E are mid-points of
BC and AC respectively.
Þ DE = AB (i) (mid point theorem) (1 mark)
E and F are the mid-points of AC and AB respectively.
Therefore, EF = BC (ii) (mid point theorem) (1/2 mark)
F and D are the mid-points of AB and BC respectively.
Therefore, FD = AC (iii) (mid point theorem) (1/2 mark)
Now, DABC is an equilateral triangle
Þ AB = BC = CA

Þ AB = BC = CA
Þ DE = EF = FD
Hence, DDEF is an equilateral triangle. (1 mark)

Q79.
Show that the line segment joining the mid-points of any two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and is equal to half of it.
(Note: This is also called the Mid-point Theorem)
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given:
A triangle ABC in which D and E are the mid-points of AB and AC respectively.
DE is joined. (1/2 mark)
To prove:
DE || BC and DE = BC. (1/2 mark)
Construction:
Produce DE to F such that DE = EF. Join CF. (1/2 mark)
Proof:
In triangles AED and CEF,
ED = EF [by construction]

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EA = EC [since E is the mid-point of AC] (1/2 mark)
ÐAED = ÐCEF [vertically opposite angles]
Therefore, DAED ¹ DCEF [by SAS]
So, AD = CF and ÐADE = ÐEFC [being the corresponding part of congruent triangles] (1/2 mark)
Now, AD = CF and AD = BD [since D is the mid-point of AB]
Hence, CF = BD (i) (1/2 mark)
Also, Ð ADE = ÐEFC.
Þ AD || CF [since, ÐADE and ÐEFC are alternate angles]
Þ DB || CF (ii) (1/2 mark)
From (i) and (ii),
BCFD is a parallelogram.
Hence, DF || BC and DF = BC. (1/2 mark)
But D, E, F are collinear and DE = EF.
Hence, DE || BC and DE = BC. (1/2 mark)
(Note: This is the proof of the Mid-point Theorem)

Q80.

Let ABCD be a trapezium in which AB || DC and E is the mid-point of AD. If G is a point on BC such that EG || DC, prove that EG =
1/2(AB + DC).

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given:
A trapezium ABCD in which AB || DC and E is the mid-point of AD. If G is a point on BC such that EG || DC || AB. (1/2 mark)
To prove:
EG = (AB + DC) (1/2 mark)
Construction:
Join BD, meeting EG at H.
Proof:
In DABD, E is the mid-point of AD and EH || AB.
So, H is the mid-point of BD. (1/2 mark)
Therefore, EH || AB and EH = AB (i) (mid point theorem) (1/2 mark)
Again in BCD, H is the mid-point of BD and HG || DC.
So, G is the mid-point of BC. (1/2 mark)
Therefore, HG || DC and HG = DC (ii) (mid point theorem)
Therefore, EG = EH + HG
= (AB + DC) [from (i) and (ii)] (1/2 mark)

Q81.

In a DABC, find the measures of the angles of the triangle formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of this triangle.
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(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Let D, E and F be the mid-point of BC, CA and AB respectively.

Then, now, DE || BC and transversals CN and CA intersect them at D and E respectively.
Therefore, ÐCDE = Ðx and ÐCED = Ðy (1/2 mark)
Similarly, EF || BC
Þ ÐAEF = ÐC and ÐAFE = ÐB (1/2 mark)
and, DF || CA
Þ ÐBDF = Ðz and ÐBFD = Ðx (1/2 mark)
Now, BC is a straight line.
Therefore, ÐBDF + ÐFDE + ÐEDC = 180o (Angles formed on a line)
Þ Ðz + ÐFDE + Ðx = 180o [since, ÐBDF = Ðz and ÐEDC = Ðx]
Þ ÐFDE = 180o - (Ðx + Ðz) (1/2 mark)
Þ ÐFDE = (ÐA + ÐB + ÐC) - ( Ðx + Ðz) [since, ÐA + ÐB + ÐC = 180o]
Þ ÐFDE = ÐA
Similarly, ÐDEF = 180o - (ÐA + ÐC)
= (ÐA + ÐB + ÐC) - (ÐA + ÐC) = 180o
and, ÐEFD = 180o - (ÐA + ÐB)
= (Ð A + ÐB + ÐC) - (ÐA + ÐC) = 180o
Hence, ÐD = ÐA, ÐE = ÐB and ÐF = ÐC (1 mark)

Q82.
In Triangle ABC which is right angled at B. Given that AB = 9 cm, AC = 15 cm and D, E are the mid-points of the sides AB and AC
respectively.
(a) Find the length of DE.
(b) What type of quadrilateral is DECB?

(Marks : 3)
Solution : Since it is a right angled triangle, so using Pythagoras theorem we get BC = cm. (1
mark)
Now using mid point theorem we get DE = cm and DE ││ BC. (1 mark)

Since one pair of opposite sides is parallel in a quadrilateral DECB, therefore it is a trapezium. (1 mark)
Q83.

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Show that the line segments joining the mid-points of opposite sides of a quadrilateral bisect each other.

(Marks : 3)
Solution : Given: A quadrilateral ABCD and P, Q, R and S are the mid points of AB, BC, CD and AD respectively. PR and SQ are
joined, intersecting each other at O.
To prove: RO = PO and SO = QO
Construction: Join PQ, QR, RS and PS. Draw diagonal AC. (1/2 mark)
Proof: In DACD, S and R are the mid-points of AD and CD respectively.
Therefore, by mid-point theorem we get:
SR || AC and SR = AC (i) (1/2 mark)
In DABC, P and Q are the mid-points of AB and BC respectively.
Therefore, by mid-point theorem
PQ || AC and PQ = AC (ii) (1/2 mark)
From (i) and (ii)
SR || PQ and SR = PQ (iii) (1/2 mark)
Since, the line segments joining the end points of two equal and parallel line segments are parallel and equal, therefore,
PS || QR and PS = QR (iv) (1/2 mark)
From (iii) and (iv),
PQRS is a parallelogram.
Since, the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other, PR and SQ bisect each other at O.
i.e. PO = RO and SO = QO. (1/2 mark)
Q84.

In DABC, AD is the median through A and E is the mid-point of AD. BE produced meets AC in F. Prove that .

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

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Given: A DABC in which AD is the median. E is the mid point of AD. BE is joined and produced to meet AC in F.

To Prove:

Construction: Through D, draw DG || BF (1/2 mark)

Proof: InD ADG, E is the mid-point of AD and EF || DG.
Therefore, F is the mid-point of AG. (Converse of mid-point theorem)
Therefore, AF = FG (i) (1/2 mark)
InD BCF,
D is the mid-point of BC and DG || BF
Therefore, G is the mid-point of FC. (Converse of mid-point theorem)
Therefore, FG = CG (ii) (1 mark)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
AF = FG = CG (iii)
Now, AC = AF + FG + GC
ÞAC = AF + AF + AF [using (iii)]
Þ AC = 3AF

Þ (1 mark)

Q85.
Prove that the straight line joining the mid-points of the diagonals of a trapezium is parallel to the parallel sides and equal to half their
difference.
(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given:
Trapezium ABCD in which AB || DC. M and N are the mid-points of the diagonals AC and BD respectively.
To Prove:
(i) MN || AB || DC
(ii) MN = (AB - CD)
Construction:
Join CN and produce it to meet AB at E. (1/2 mark)
Proof:
In triangles CDN and EBN,
ÐDCN = ÐBEN [alternate angles]
ÐCDN =Ð EBN [alternate angles]
DN = NB [N is the mid-point of BD]
Therefore, DCDN @ DEBN [AAS] (1/2 mark)
Þ CD = EB and CN = NE [corresponding parts of congruent triangles]
Therefore, in DCAE, points M and N are the mid-points of AC and EC respectively. (1/2 mark)
Therefore, MN || AE or MN || AB
and MN = AE [by mid point theorem] (1/2 mark)

= (AB - EB)

= (AB - CD) [EB = CD] (1/2 mark)

Hence, MN || AB || CD and MN
= (AB - CD) (1/2 mark)

Q86.
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ABCD is a parallelogram in which E and F are the mid points of the sides AB and CD respectively. Prove that the segments CE and AF
trisect the diagonal BD.

(Marks : 3)
Solution :

Given: A parallelogram ABCD where E and F are the mid-points of AB and DC respectively. AF and CE intersect BD at P and Q
respectively.
To prove: BQ = QP = PD (1/2 mark)
Proof: AB = DC [since ABCD is a parallelogram]
Therefore, AB = DC
or AE = FC (i) (1/2 mark)
Also as AB || DC
Therefore, AE || FC (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
AFCE is a parallelogram.
So, FA || CE (iii) (1/2 mark)
In DCDQ, F is the mid-point of DC and FP||CQ. [from (iii)] (1/2 mark)
Therefore, P is the midpoint of QD. [by mid point theorem]
Þ QP = PD (iv)
In DBPA, E is the mid-point of AB and EQ||AP. (1/2 mark)
Therefore, Q is the mid-point of BP.
Therefore, BQ = QP (v).
Therefore, BQ = QP = PD [from (iv) and (v)] (1/2 mark)
Hence the diagonal is trisected.

Q87.

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E and F are the mid-points of the sides AB and AC. Of △ABC. If BC = 5.6 cm and AB = 4.8 cm, find the ratio of AE:FE.

(Marks : 3)
Solution : AE = AB = 4.8 = 2.4 cm (1 mark)

Using the mid point theorem, we get:

EF = BC = 5.6 = 2.8 cm (1 mark)

Hence AE:FE = 2.4:2.8 =6:7 (1 mark)

Q88.

In the adjoining figure, calculate the angles of Δ EHF.

(Marks : 4)
Solution : Since, ∠EFL and ∠EFH form a line as pair of angles, therefore ∠EFL + ∠EFH = 180° (1/2 mark)
Þ 138° + ∠EFH = 180°
Þ ∠EFH = 180° - 138° = 42° (1/2 mark)
Since, FH || EG and EF intersects them at F and E.
∴ ∠EFH + ∠FEG = 180° (Sum of side of interior angles on the same transversal is 180°) (1/2 mark)
Þ 42° + ∠FEG = 180°
Þ ∠FEG = 180° - 42°
Þ ∠FEG = 138° (1/2 mark)
Þ ∠FEH + ∠HEG = 138° (1/2 mark)
Þ ∠FEH = 138° - ∠HEG = 138° - 53° = 85° (1/2 mark)
∴ in ΔEFH, ∠EFH = 180° - (85° + 42°) = 180° - 127° = 53° (1 mark)
Q89.

AB, CD are two parallel lines and the transversal intersects AB at X and CD at Y. Prove that the bisectors of the interior angle form a
parallelogram, with all its angles right angles.

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(Marks : 4)
Solution :

Given: AB || CD
A transversal l intersects AB at X and CD at Y.
∠1 = ∠2, ∠3 = ∠4, ∠5 = ∠6 and ∠7 =∠8.
To prove: PXQY is a parallelogram and ∠P = ∠X = ∠Q = ∠4 ≤ 90
Proof: AB || CD
Þ ∠DYX = ∠AXY (1/2 mark)
Þ ∠1 + ∠2 = ∠3 + ∠4
Þ ∠1 + ∠1 = ∠3 + ∠4 [As ∠1 = ∠2 and ∠3 = ∠4]
Þ 2∠1 = 2∠3
Þ ∠1 = ∠3 (1 mark)
These are alternate angles and 10 lines are parallel.
Þ YQ || XP Similarly, XQ || PY (1/2 mark)
Again, AB || CD
Þ (∠5 + ∠6) + (∠3 + ∠4) = 180° (1/2 mark)
Þ ∠6 + ∠6 + ∠3 + ∠3 = 180°
Þ ∠3 + ∠6 = 90° using angle sum property in triangle XPY
Þ ∠3 + ∠6 + ∠XPY = 180°
Þ 90° + ∠XPY=180°
Þ ∠XPY = 180° - 90° = 90° (1 mark)
Similarly, it can be proved that each angle of a parallelogram is a right angle. (1/2 mark)

Q90.
In quadrilateral ABCD, ∠B = 90o , ∠C −∠D=60o and ∠A −∠C −∠D = 10o Find ∠A, ∠C and ∠D.
(Marks : 4)
Solution : ∠A−∠C−∠D=10o
∠A−10o = ∠C+∠D (1 mark)
But ∠A+∠B+∠C +∠D =360o
∠A+90o +∠A−10o = 360o
∠A =140o (1 mark)
Thus ∠C+∠D =130o
∠C−∠D = 60o (1 mark)
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Solving the above statements we get:
∠C = 95o and ∠D =35o (1 mark)
Q91.
Prove that the four triangles formed by joining in pairs, the mid points of three sides of a triangle, are congruent to each other.
(Marks : 4)

Solution : (1/2 mark)

Given: A triangle ABC and D, E, F are mid-points of sides BC , AC and AB respectively. (1/2 mark)
To prove:
DAFE¹ DFBD¹ DEDC¹D DEF (1/2 mark)
Proof: Since the segment joining the mid-points of the sides of a triangle is half of the third side. Therefore, DE = AB (mid point
theorem)
Þ DE = AF = BF (i) (1/2 mark)
Also, EF = BC
Þ EF = BD = CD (ii) (1/2 mark)
Again, DF = AC (by mid point theorem)
Þ DF = AE = EC (iii) (1/2 mark)
Now, in triangles DEF and AFE, we have,
DE = AF [by (i)]
DF = AE [by (iii)]
and EF = FE [common]
So, by SSS criterion of congruence,
DDEF ¹D AFE (1/2 mark)
Similarly, DDEF¹D FBD
and DDEF ¹DEDC
Hence, DAFE ¹DFBD ¹DEDC ¹DDEF. (1/2 mark)
Q92.
Triangle ABC is right angled at B. Given that AC = 15 cm, AB = 9 cm and E and D are the mid-points of sides AC and AB respectively.
Calculate the area of quadrilateral DECB.

(Marks : 4)
Solution : Since it is a right angled triangle, so using Pythagoras theorem we get BC = cm (1
mark)
Now using mid point theorem we get DE = cm and DE ││ BC (1 mark)

Since one pair of opposite sides is parallel in a quadrilateral DECB, therefore it is a trapezium. (0.5 mark)
Also DB = height of trapezium = cm (0.5 mark)

Area of DECB = sq.cm. (1 mark)

Q93.

Prove that the line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle parallel to the another side bisects the third side.

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(Marks : 4)
Solution :

Given:
In a triangle ABC, a line PX is drawn through the mid-point P of AB and parallel to BC to intersect in third side AC at Q. (1/2
mark)
To prove:
AQ = QC (1/2 mark)
Construction:
Draw a line QR parallel to AB which intersects BC at a points R. (1/2 mark)

Proof:
PQ||BR (given)
PB||QR (construction)
Therefore, PQRB is a parallelogram by the property if the opposite sides are parallel, it is a parallelogram.
ÞPB = QR (i) (since, opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal) (1/2 mark)
Since, P is the mid-point of AB, we have,
AP = PB (ii)
Therefore, QR = AP (from (i) and (ii)) (iii) (1/2 mark)
Again QR||AB and AC transversal intersects them, therefore,
ÐRQC =Ð PAQ (corresponding angles) (iv)
Also, PQ||BC, AC intersects them, therefore, ÐRCQ = ÐPQA (corresponding angles) (v) (1/2 mark)
In triangles QRC and APQ, we have,
QR = AP, ÐRQC = ÐPAQ, ÐRCQ = ÐPQA (from (iii), (iv) and (v))
Therefore, DQRC @D APQ (by AAS) (1/2 mark)
Hence, QC = AQ (by cpct) (1/2 mark)

Q94.

In figure PQRS is a parallelogram, PQ and QO are respectively, the angle bisectors of ÐP and ÐQ. Line LOM is drawn parallel to PQ.
Prove that (i) PL = QM
(ii) LO = OM.

(Marks : 5)
Solution :

Since, PQRS is a parallelogram.

Therefore, PS || QR
Thus, we have,
PL || QM and LM || PQ
Þ PQML is a parallelogram
Þ PL = QM [since, opposite sides of parallelogram are equal]
This prove (1) (1 mark)
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Now, OP is the bisector of ÐP.

Therefore, Ð1 = Ð2 (1) (1/2 mark)
Now, PQ || LM and transversal OP intersects them
Therefore, Ð1 = Ð3 (2) (1/2 mark)
From (1) and (2), we get,
Ð2 = Ð3 (1/2 mark)
Thus, in DOPL, we have,
Ð2 = Ð3
Þ OL = PL (3) [since, opposite sides of equal angles in a triangle are equal]
Since, OQ is the bisector of ÐQ
Therefore, Ð4 = Ð5 (4) (1/2 mark)
Also, PQ||LM and transversal OQ intersects them.
Therefore, Ð4 = Ð6 (5) (1/2 mark)
From (4) and (5), we get,
Ð5 = Ð6 (1/2 mark)
Thus, in DOQM, we have,
Ð5 = Ð6
Þ OM = QM (6) [since, opposite sides of equal angles are equal]
But PL = QM (7) [as proved above]
So, from (3), (6) and (7), we get,
OL = OM. (1 mark)

Q95.

If a diagonal of a parallelogram bisects one of the angle of the parallelogram, prove that it also bisects the second angle and then the two
diagonals are perpendicular to each other.

(Marks : 5)
Solution :

Given:
A parallelogram ABCD in which the diagonals AC and BD intersect at O.
Also, ÐBAO = Ð DAO
To prove:
(i) ÐBCO = Ð DCO
(ii) AC ^ BD (1/2 mark)
Proof :
AD||BC and AC cuts them.
ÐBCO = ÐOAD [alternate angles] (i) (1/2 mark)
Similarly, AB || DC and CA cuts them.
ÐDCO = ÐOAB [alternate angles] (ii) (1/2 mark)
But ÐOAD = ÐOAB [given]
ÐBCO = ÐDCO [using (i) and (ii)] (1/2 mark)
Also, ÐA = Ð C [opposite angles of a parallelogram]
ÐA = ÐC
ÐDAO = ÐDCO (1/2 mark)
In DACD,
ÐDCO = ÐOAD
AD = CD (1/2 mark)
But AD = BC and CD = AB
AB = BC = CD = AD (1/2 mark)
So, ABCD is a rhombus.
But the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles. (1/2 mark)
Therefore, AC BD. (1/2 mark)

Q96.

ABCD is a square and EF is parallel to BD. R is the mid point of EF. Prove that
(i) BE = DF
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(ii) AR bisects ÐBAD

(Marks : 5)
Solution :

(1/2 mark)

(1/2 mark)
Given: A square ABCD in which EF || BD and R is the mid-point of EF.
To Prove: (i) BE = DF
(ii) AR bisects ÐBAD (1/2 mark)
Proof: (i) Diagonal BD bisects ÐB and ÐD
i.e. ÐDBC = 45o
Since, EF || BD, therefore, ÐFEC = ÐDBC = 45o (corresponding angles) (1/2 mark)
Similarly, ÐCFE = 45o
Therefore, Ð CEF = ÐCFE = 45o
Therefore, CE = CF (1) (sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal)
(1/2 mark)
But BC = DC (2) (sides of square ABCD)
Therefore, BC - CE = DC - CF (Subtracting (2) from (1))
Therefore, BE = DF (1 mark)
(ii) Now in DABE and DADF
AB = AD (sides of a square ABCD)
ÐABE = Ð ADF = 90o
BE = DF (Proved above)
Therefore, DABE @ ADF (by SAS congruency)
Therefore, Ð1 = Ð 2 (1) (cpct)
and AE = AF (cpct) (1 mark)
Now, in DAER andDAFR,
AE = AF (Proved above)
AR = AR (Common)
ER = FR (given)
DAER @ DAFR (SSS congruency)
Therefore, Ð3 = Ð4 (2) (cpct)
Adding equations (1) and (2), we get,
Ð1 +Ð 3 =Ð 4 + Ð2
Þ ÐBAR = ÐDAR
Þ AR bisects Ð BAD. (1 mark)

Q97.
Show that the bisectors of the angles of a parallelogram enclose a rectangle.
(Marks : 5)
Solution :

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Given:
(i) ABCD is a parallelogram.
(ii) AS and BS are the bisectors of ÐA and ÐB
(iii) DQ and CQ are the bisectors ofÐD and ÐC (1/2 mark)
To prove: PQRS is a rectangle.
Proof: ÐDAB + ÐCBA = 180o [since ABCD is a parallelogram]
Þ ÐA + ÐB = 90o

In DASB,
ÐA + ÐB +ÐASB = 180o

Þ 90o + ÐASB = 180o

Þ ÐASB = 90o (1 mark)
Similarly, ÐADC + ÐBCD = 180o [since ABCD is a parallelogram]
ÐD + ÐC = 90o

In DCQD,
ÐD + ÐC + ÐCQD = 180o

Þ 90o + ÐCQD = 180o

Þ ÐCQD = 90o (1 mark)
Again, PD is the bisector of ÐD and AP is the bisector of ÐA.
Now, ÐCDA + ÐDAB = 180o [since ABCD is a parallelogram]
ÐD + ÐA = 90o

But in DAPD,
ÐD + ÐA + ÐAPD = 180o

Þ ÐAPD = 90o (1/2 mark)

In DCRB,
ÐB + ÐC + ÐCRB = 180o (1/2 mark)

But, ÐDCB + ÐCBA = 180o [since ABCD is a parallelogram]

ÐC + ÐB = 90o

Þ 90o + ÐCRB = 180o

Þ ÐCRB = 90o (1 mark)
Thus, each angle of the quadrilateral PQRS is 90o .
Hence, PQRS is a rectangle.

Q98.

In figure PQRS is a parallelogram, PQ and QO are respectively, the angle bisectors of P and Q. Line LOM is drawn parallel to PQ.
Prove that (i) PL = QM
(ii) LO = OM.

(Marks : 5)
Solution :

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Since, PQRS is a parallelogram.
Therefore, PS||QR
Thus, we have,
PL||QM and LM||PQ
PQML is a parallelogram
PL = QM [since, opposite sides of parallelogram are equal]
This prove (1) (1 mark)
Now, OP is the bisector of P.
Therefore, 1 = 2 (1) (1/2 mark)
Now, PQ||LM and transversal OP intersects them
Therefore, 1 = 3 (2) (1/2 mark)
From (1) and (2), we get,
2= 3 (1/2 mark)
Thus, in OPL, we have,
2= 3
OL = PL (3) [since, opposite sides of equal angles in a triangle are equal]
Since, OQ is the bisector of Q
Therefore, 4 = 5 (4) (1/2 mark)
Also, PQ||LM and transversal OQ intersects them.
Therefore, 4 = 6 (5) (1/2 mark)
From (4) and (5), we get,
5= 6 (1/2 mark)
Thus, in OQM, we have,
5= 6
OM = QM (6) [since, opposite sides of equal angles are equal]
But PL = QM (7) [as proved above]
So, from (3), (6) and (7), we get,
OL = OM. (1 mark)

Q99.
Show that the quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of the consecutive sides of a rectangle is a rhombus.
(Marks : 5)

Solution : (1/2 mark)

Given: A rectangle ABCD in which P, Q, R and S are the mid-points of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. PQ, QR, RS and SP are
joined.
To prove: PQRS is a rhombus.
Construction: Join AC.
Proof: In DABC, P and Q are the mid-points of the sides AB and BC.
Therefore, PQ || AC and PQ = AC [by mid point theorem] (i)

In DADC, R and S are the mid-points of CD and AD.

Therefore, SR || AC and SR = AC [by mid point theorem] (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
PQ || SR and PQ = SR (iii) (1 mark)
Now, in quadrilateral PQRS, we have one pair of opposite sides PQ and SR as parallel and equal. (iv)
Therefore, PQRS is a parallelogram. (1/2 mark)
Now AD = BC [opposite sides of the rectangle ABCD]
Therefore, AD = BC
or, AS = BQ
In DAPS and DBPQ,
AP = BP [since P is the mid-point of AB]
AS = BQ [proved above]
ÐPAS = ÐPBQ [each being equal to 90o] (1 mark)
DAPS @ DBPS (by SAS) (1/2 mark)
PS = PQ (cpct) (v)
From (iv) and (v), we get,
PS = PQ = RQ = RS. [since ABCD is a rectangle] (1 mark)
We have PQRS is a rhombus. (1/2 mark)
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Q100.

ABCD is a parallelogram. If AB = 2AD and P is the mid-point of CD, prove that ÐAPB = 90o.

(Marks : 5)
Solution :

( 1/2 mark )

Given:
(i) ABCD is a parallelogram
(ii) AB = 2AD
(iii) P is the mid-point of CD. (1/2 mark)
To prove: ÐAPB = 90o
Proof: AB = CD (i) [ABCD is a parallelogram]
AB = 2AD [given] (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
CD = 2AD
Þ PD + PC = 2AD
Þ PD + PD = 2AD [since PC = PD]
Þ 2PD = 2AD
Þ PD = AD
Þ ÐDPA =ÐDAP (iii) [since angles opposite to equal sides are equal] (1 mark)
Again, CD = 2AD.
PD + PC = 2AD
Þ PC + PC = 2AD [since PD = PC]
Þ 2PC = 2AD
Þ PC = AD
Þ PC = BC [since AD = BC]
Therefore, ÐCPB = ÐCBP (iv) (1/2 mark)
Now, CD || AB and AP is the transversal.
Therefore, ÐDPA = ÐPAB [alternate angles]
Þ ÐPAB = ÐDAP (using (iii))
Again, CD || AB and PB is the transversal.
ÐCPB =ÐPBA [alternate angles] (1 mark)
ÐCBP = ÐPBA (using (iv))
Thus, ÐPAB = ÐA and ÐPBA = ÐB
In DAPB,
ÐPAB + ÐPBA + ÐAPB = 180o (1/2 mark)
Þ ÐA + ÐB + ÐAPB = 180o

Þ 90o + ÐAPB = 180o

ÐAPB = 90o (1 mark)

Q101.

ABCD is a trapezium where AB||CD. Also the pair of the non-parallel sides i.e. AD and BC are equal. Prove that , ÐA = ÐB and ÐC =
ÐD.

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(Marks : 5)
Solution : (1/2 mark)
Given:
ABCD is a trapezium.
AB||CD (1/2 mark)
AD = BC.
To prove:
ÐA = ÐB
ÐC = ÐD
Construction:
Draw CE || AD (1/2 mark)
Proof:
In quadrilateral AECD,
AD || EC [by construction]
AE || DC [given]
Therefore, AECD is a parallelogram.
AD = EC (i) (1/2 mark)
But AD = BC [given]
Therefore, EC = BC [using (i)]
Þ ÐCEB = ÐB (ii) (angles opposite equal sides are equal) (1/2 mark)
But AD||CE and AB is the transversal.
Therefore, ÐA = ÐCEB (iii) (1/2 mark) [corresponding angles]
From (2) and (3),
Þ ÐA = ÐB (iv) (1/2 mark)
Also AB || DC [given]
AD is the transversal.
Therefore, ÐA + ÐD = 180o (1/2 mark)
Similarly, ÐC + ÐB = 180o
Þ ÐA + ÐD =Ð B + ÐC
Þ ÐD = ÐC [using (iv)] (1 mark)
Q102.
The diagonals of a square are equal and perpendicular to each other. Prove it.
(Marks : 5)
Solution :

Given: A square PQRS

To prove: PR = QS and PR^ QS (1/2 mark)

(1/2 mark)
Proof: In DSPQ and DRQP, we have,
SP = RQ [since the sides of a square are equal]

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ÐSPQ = ÐRQP = 90o [each angle of a square is 90o]

and PQ = PQ [common] (1 mark)
Therefore, by the SAS criterion of congruency, we have,
DSPQ @ DRQP
Therefore, SQ = PR [since corresponding parts of congruent Ðs are equal] (1/2 mark)
Again, in DPOQ and DROQ, we have,
OP = OR [since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other]
OQ = OQ [common]
PQ = RQ [since the sides of a square are equal]
Therefore, by the SSS criterion of congruency, we have,
DPOQ @ DROQ (1 mark)
Therefore, ÐROQ = ÐPOQ [since corresponding parts of congruent Ðs are equal] (1/2 mark)
Again as ÐROQ = ÐPOQ = 180o [by linear pair axiom]
Þ ÐROQ = ÐPOQ = 180o
Þ 2ÐROQ = 180o
Þ ÐROQ = 90o
Hence, PR is perpendicular to QS. (1 mark)

Q103.
In the following figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. AP bisects A and DQ bisects D. Prove that PQ = BC and AQPD is a rhombus.

(Marks : 5)
Solution :

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Q104.

ABCD is a parallelogram. E and F are the midpoints of the side AB and CD respectively. Prove that the line segment AF and CE bisect
the diagonal BD.

(Marks : 5)
Solution : Since E is the midpoint of AB and F is that of CD. Therefore, AE II FC (halves of equal sides of a parallelogram) and also
AEII FC (given)
Therefore, AF = and II EC. (1 mark)
Therefore, AECF is a parallelogram (if one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral is equal and parallel, it is a parallelogram). (1/2
mark)
Now in △ DCP, F is the midpoint of CD and FQ II CP (proved above as AECF is a parallelogram). (1 mark)
Therefore, Q is the midpoint of DP (Since segment drawn through the midpoint of one side of a △ is parallel to the second side bisects
the third side) or PQ = QD. (1 mark)
Similarly in ABQ,

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BP = PQ. (1/2 mark)
Therefore, BP = PQ =QD. (1/2 mark)
Hence, BD is bisected. (1/2 mark)
Q105.

In the figure EFGH is a parallelogram in which A and B are the midpoints of HG and EF respectively. LD is a line segment intersecting
EH, AB and GF at CE and D respectively. Prove that LO = OD.

(Marks : 5)
Solution : Since A and B are the midpoints of HG and EF respectively, EB = BF and HA = AG. Now, EF = GH (opposites sides of a
parallelogram)
=>1/2 EF =1/2GH (1/2 mark)
=>EB =HA (1/2 mark)
Therefore, EBAH is a parallelogram (Since EB =AH and EB ||AH and EF ||GH) (1/2 mark)
Also, EH || BA (Being opposite sides of a parallelogram) (1/2 mark)
Therefore, EH || AB || GF and EBF and LOD are transversal. EB = BF (1/2 mark)
Therefore, LO = OD (1/2 mark)
Q106.
In a triangle the line segment joining the mid-point of any two of its sides is parallel to the third side and is equal to half of it. Prove this
result.
(Marks : 5)
Solution :

Given: A triangle PQR is which M and N are the mid-points of PQ and PR respectively.
To prove: MN || QR and MN = QR
Construction: Extend MN to the point E such that MN = NE. Join RE

(2 marks)

Proof: In ∆PNM and ∆RNE, we have,

PN = NR [given]
MN = NE [by construction]
and ÐPNM = ÐRNE [vertically opposite angles]
Therefore, by the SAS criterion of congruency, we get,
∆PNM ∆RNE
PM = RE and (i) [since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal]
ÐPMN = ÐREN
Now, as PM = RE [from (i)]
and PM = MQ [since M is the mid-point of PQ (given)]
RE = MQ (ii)
Now, MQ and ER are two lines intersected by the transversal ME at two distinct points M and E, such that the alternate angles are
equal.
That is, ÐPMN = ÐREN [alternate angles]
MQ || RE (iii)
From (ii) and (iii), we observe that one pair of opposite sides of the quadrilateral
MQRE is equal and parallel.
MQRE is a parallelogram.
ME || QR and ME = QR [since opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal and parallel]
MN || QR and MN + NE = QR
MN+ MN = QR [since MN = NE (by construction)]

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2MN = QR
MN= QR.

Hence, MN||QR and MN = QR. (3 marks)

Q107.
ABCD is a rhombus and P, Q, R, S are the mid-points of AB, BC, CD, DA respectively. Prove that PQRS is a rectangle.
(Marks : 5)
Solution :

Given:
A rhombus ABCD in which P, Q, R, S are the mid-points of AB, BC, CD, DA respectively. PQ, QR, RS and SP are joined.
To prove:
PQRS is a rectangle.
Construction:
Join AC. (1 mark)
Proof:
In DABC, P is the mid-point of AB and Q is the mid-point of BC.
Therefore, PQ || AC and PQ = AC [by mid-point theorem] (i)
In DADC, R is the mid-point of CD and S is the mid-point of AD. (1 mark)
Therefore, SR || AC and SR = AC [by mid-point theorem] (ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get,
PQ || SR and PQ = SR.
Now, in quadrilateral PQRS, its one pair of opposite sides PQ and SR are equal and parallel.
Therefore, PQRS is a parallelogram.
Now, AB = BC. [since the sides of a rhombus are equal] ( 1 mark)
Therefore, AB = BC
or, PB = BQ
In DPBQ, PB = BQ
Þ Ð1 =Ð 2 [since angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal]
Now, in triangles APS and CQR we have,
AP = CQ [being halves of equal sides AB and CB]
AS = CR [same reason as above]
PS = QR [being the opposite sides of the parallelogram PQRS]
Therefore, DAPS @ DCQR [by SSS congruence rule] (1 mark)
Hence Ð3 = Ð4 [since corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal]
Now, Ð1 + ÐSPQ + Ð3 = 180o [being a linear pair]
and Ð2 + ÐPQR + Ð4 = 180o [being a linear pair]
Therefore, ÐSPQ = ÐPQR since Ð1 = Ð 2 and Ð3 = Ð4.
Now, PQ cuts parallel lines SP and RQ.
Hence, ÐSPQ + ÐPQR = 180o
ÐSPQ + ÐSPQ = 180o
ÐSPQ = 90o
Thus, PQRS is a parallelogram whose one angle SPQ = 90o
Hence, PQRS is a rectangle. (1 mark)

Q108.

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The diagonals of a quadrilateral ABCD are perpendicular to each other. Show that the quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-point of
its sides is a rectangle.
(Marks : 5)
Solution :

Given: Let ABCD be the quadrilateral, whose diagonals AC and BD are perpendicular to each other.
Let P, Q, R and S be the mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. (1/2 mark)

To prove: PQRS is a rectangle.

Proof: In triangle ABD, PS is the joint of mid-points of its sides AB and AD. Therefore, by mid-point theorem, PS || BD and PS = BD
(i) (1 mark)
Similarly, by considering the DBCD, we have,
QR || BD and QR = BD (ii) (1/2 mark)
From (i) and (ii), we have,
PS || QR and PS = QR (by the theorem, "A quadrilateral is a parallelogram, if a pair of opposite sides is parallel and is of equal length)
(1/2 mark)
Again, in DABC, PQ is join of mid-points of its sides AB and BC.
So, by mid-point theorem, PQ || AC and PQ = AC (iii) (1 mark)
By (i) PS || BD and by (iii) PQ || AC. (1/2 mark)
This gives that PS is perpendicular to PQ because BD is perpendicular to AC.
Hence, PQRS is a rectangle. (1/2 mark)

Q109.

P is the mid-point of the side DC of parallelogram ABCD whose diagonals AC and BD meet at O. Q
is a point on AC such that CQ = AC. PQ produced meets CB at R. Show that

(i) PQ = DO and QR = OB
(ii) PQ = QR
(iii) R is the mid-point of BC

(Marks : 5)

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Solution : Given:
ABCD is a parallelogram.
Diagonals AC and BD bisect each other at O.
P is the mid-point of DC.
Q is a point on AC such that CQ = AC
PQ produced meets BC at R.
To Prove:
(i) PQ = DO

(ii) QR = OB
(iii) PQ = QR
(iv) R is the mid-point of BC (1 mark)
Proof: ABCD is a parallelogram.
Therefore, AC and BD bisect each other.
Therefore, OC = OA = AC

But CQ = AC

Therefore, CQ = . AC

= OC (1 mark)
Hence, Q is the mid-point of CO.
In DCDO, P is the mid-point of CD and Q is the mid-point of CO. [proved]
Therefore, by mid-point theorem we get:
PQ = DO and PQ || DO [mid-point theorem]
Therefore, part (i) is proved. (1 mark)
Also, as PQ || DO,
Þ QR || OB.
In DCOB, Q is the mid-point of CO and QR || OB.
Therefore, R is mid-point of BC. [converse of mid-point theorem] (1/2 mark)
Therefore, part (iv) proved.
Also, QR = OB,
Part (ii) proved. (1/2 mark)
As PQ = DO

QR = OB and DO = OB.
Hence, PQ = QR.
Part (iii) proved. (1 mark)
Q110.

Prove that the line segment joining the mid points of any two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and is half of it. OR
If a transversal cuts two parallel lines, prove that the bisectors of the interior angles forms a rectangle.

(Marks : 5)
Solution :

Given: A DABC in which D and E are the mid points of AB and AC respectively.
To Prove: DE || BC and DE = BC
Construction: Extend DE to F, such that DE = EF. Join CF. (1 mark)
Proof: In DAED and DCEF, AE = CE (Since, E is the mid-point of AC)
ÐAED = ÐCEF (Vertically opposite angles)
DE = EF (by construction)
Therefore, ÐAED @ ÐCEF (by SAS rule) (1 mark)
Therefore, AD = CF (cpct)
Also AD = DB (1/2 mark)
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Therefore, DB = CF
Ð1 = Ð2 (cpct) (1/2 mark)
Since, alternate interior angles are equal, therefore, AD || CF
or, BD || CF (1/2 mark)
Thus, BDCF is a parallelogram because one pair of opposite sides i.e. BD and CF are parallel and equal. (1/2 mark)
Hence, DF || BC and DF = BC
or, 2DE = BC (Since, DE = EF)
or, DE = BC

OR

Given: AB || CD and the transversal EF cuts them at P and R. The bisectors of interior angles meet at Q and S.
To Prove: PQRS is a rectangle (1 mark)
Proof: AB ||CD and EF cuts them.
ÐAPR = ÐPRD [alternate angles]
ÐAPR = ÐPRD (1/2 mark)

Hence, ÐQPR = ÐPRS [alternate angles]

Therefore, PQ||RS (1/2 mark)
Similarly, PS||RQ.
Hence, PQRS is a parallelogram. (1/2 mark)
Further, AB||CD and EF cuts them
Therefore, ÐAPR + ÐCRP = 180o [consecutive interior angles]
ÐAPR + ÐCRP = 90o (1/2 mark)

ÐQPR + ÐQRP = 90o (i) (1/2 mark)

In ÐQPR, ÐRQP + ÐQPR + ÐQRP = 180o [sum of angles of a triangle]
ÐRQP = 90o [using (i)] (1 mark)
Thus, PQRS is a parallelogram where one angle is 90o
Hence, PQRS is a rectangle (1/2 mark)

Q111.
P, Q, R are respectively, the mid points of sides BC, CA and AB of a triangle ABC. PR and BQ meet at X. CR and PQ meet at Y. Prove
that xy = (BC).
(Marks : 5)
Solution :

Given: DABC, P is the mid point of BC, Q is the midpoint of AC, R is the mid point of AB, PR and BQ meet at X. CR and PQ meet at
Y. (1/2 mark)
To Prove: XY = (BC).

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(BC) (1/2 mark)
Proof: ABC is a Dand P, Q, R mid points of BC, CA and AB respectively.
Therefore, by mid-point theorem we get:
RQ || BC PQ || AB and RP || AC
and QR = BC (i) (Since, QR||BC and passes through the mid-points of AB and AC) (1 mark)
Now, in DBPX and DXQR we have,
ÐXRQ = Ð XPB (Since, QR||BC and RP is transversal, so alternate angles are equal)
and ÐXQR = Ð XBP (alternate angles RQ || BC and BQ is transversal)
and also, BP = QR (Since, P is the midpoint of BC and RQ = BC) (1 mark)
Therefore, DBPX ¹ DQRX (ASA axiom of congruency)
Therefore, RX = XP (cpct)
i.e, X is the mid point of RP (1 mark)
Similarly Considering triangles PCY and QRY, we can show that Y is the mid point of PQ.
In DPQR, XY passes through the mid points of sides PQ and RP, therefore, XY || RQ
Thus, XY = RQ

ie, XY = [using (i)}

xy = (BC)
Hence, Proved. (1 mark)

Q112.
Show that the quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of a square, is also a square.
(Marks : 5)
Solution :

Given:
A square ABCD in which P, Q, R and S are the mid-points of sides AB, BC, CD, DA respectively. PQ, QR, RS and SP are joined.
To prove:
PQRS is a square.
Construction:
Join AC and BD. (1 mark)
Proof:
In DABC, P is the mid-point of AB and Q is the mid-point of BC.
Therefore, PQ||AC and PQ = AC [by mid point theorem] (i)
In DADC, R is the mid-point of CD and S is the mid-point of AD.
Therefore, SR||AC and SR = AC [by mid point theorem] (ii) (1/2 mark)
From (i) and (ii), we get
PQ || SR and PQ = SR.
Now, in quadrilateral PQRS, PQ and SR form a pair of opposite sides that are parallel and equal.
Therefore, PQRS is a parallelogram. (iii) (1 mark)
In triangles PBQ and RCQ,
PB = RC [being halves of equal sides AB, DC of square ABCD]
BQ = CQ [since Q is the mid-point of BC]
ÐB =Ð C = 90o
Therefore, DPBQ @ DRCQ [by SAS congruence theorem]
Therefore, PQ = QR and QR = PS [opposite sides of a parallelogram]
Hence, PQ = QR = RS = PS (iv) (1/2 mark)
In DABD, P and S are the mid-points of AB and AD.
Therefore, PS||BD or PN||MO.
Also, PQ||AC or PM||NO
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In quadrilateral PMON,
PN||MO and PM||NO.
ÞPMON is a parallelogram.
ÞÐ NPM = ÐMON (opposite angles of a parallelogram)
But ÐMON = 90o (1 mark) [diagonals of a square are perpendicular to each other]
Therefore,Ð NPM = 90o i.e. ÐSPQ = 90o (v)
From (iv) and (v), we conclude that PQRS is a square. (1 mark)

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