Absolute monarchy: thể chế quân chủ tuyệt đối

An absolute monarch has complete control over the government and the people. To
get this power, they must seize it from the nobles and the clergy. Absolute monarchs
believed in divine right. To go against the king was to go against God.
Features:
● The monarch has complete power over the government and the people.
● The monarch is not accountable to anyone for their actions.
● Absolute monarchies are often hereditary.
● The monarch has the power to make and enforce laws, appoint judges, and
declare war.
● The monarch controls the military and the police.
● The monarch may also control the media and the education system.
https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/history/modern-world-history/monarchy/

https://www.britannica.com/topic/absolutism-political-system

Constitutional monarchy: thể chế quân chủ lập hiến

A constitutional monarchy is a form of constitutional government, where a hereditary
monarch is the head of state. This is a system of government in which a monarch
shares power with a constitutionally organized government, where the monarch may
be the de facto head of state or a purely ceremonial leader. The constitution allocates
the rest of the government’s power to the legislature and judiciary.
Features:

● The monarch is the head of state but their powers are limited by a constitution.
● The monarch must act in accordance with the constitution and the laws of the
country.
● The monarch cannot make laws or change the constitution on their own.
● The government is run by a prime minister and cabinet, who are elected by the
people.
● The monarch plays a largely symbolic role, and they must act in accordance
with the constitution.

Constitutional monarchy is divided into 2 types:

● Parliamentary constitutional monarchy (thể chế quân chủ nghị viện lập hiến):
the monarch is a hereditary symbolic head of state ,who does not exercise
executive or policy making power.
● Semi-constitutional monarchy (thể chế quân chủ bán lập hiến): the monarch
retains substantial powers, on a par with a president.
http://www.monarchist.org.uk/the-constitution.html

https://www.royal.uk/role-monarchy#:~:text=Monarchy%20is%20the%20oldest%20form,known%20as
%20a%20constitutional%20

monarchy.

https://consoc.org.uk/the-constitution-explained/the-monarchy/#:~:text=They%20have%20achieved%
20this%20outcome,are%20known%20as%20constitutional%20monarchs.

https://www.royalcourt.no/seksjon.html?tid=27679&sek=27258

Absolute monarchy Constitutional monarchy

- The monarch has complete power
over the government and the
people.
- All decisions are not bound by a
constitution or laws
- Has the power to make and
enforce laws, and declare war.
- The monarch is the head of state
but their powers are limited by a
constitution.
- Must act in accordance with the
constitution and the laws of the
country.
- Cannot make laws or change the
points, judges, and constitution on
their own.

Republic: Chế độ cộng hòa

Aristocrat republic: Cộng hòa quý tộc Democratic republic: Cộng hòa dân chủ

a form of government in which the a form of government in which the

supreme power is vested in hereditary supreme or sovereign power is vested
nobility or aristocracy owing to their in the people of the nation collectively
rank, status or privilege through elected officials

power is concentrated in the hands of a
comparatively small group which is
the aristocracy => emphasizes class
distinctions and privileges for the
aristocracy
emphasize the voting of all citizens =>
provides equality and fairness to every
citizen in the country.

have a more centralized authority Powers are separated among different

with limited checks and balances
agencies or branches of government.
Each agency or branch has primary
responsibility for certain functions such
as legislative (lập pháp), executive
(hành pháp), and judicial (tư pháp)
 functions. However, each branch also
shares these functions with the other
branches.

Common in ancient and medieval times Have ancient roots but are popularized in
modern times

References:
https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-aristocracy-and-vs-democrac
y/
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/aristocracy-government-examples-anisur-rahman
https://philonotes.com/2022/11/what-is-aristocracy
https://www.civiced.org/lesson-plans/constitutional-democracy

Question:
Is it unfair that people are born into a monarchy and automatically lead a
privileged life, never having to lift a finger?