Page1

T1:
UNI NETWORKI
NG
Chapt
er1:I
NTERNETBASI
CS
Ful
lfor
ms
1.WWW -wor
ldwi
deweb

2.HTTP-Hy
per
textt
ransf
erpr
otocol

3.CERN-Eur
opeanCounci
lfornucl
earr
esear
ch

4.Wi
-Fi-Wi
rel
essFi
del
it
y

5.I
P-I
nter
netpr
otocol

6.HTML-Hy
per
textmar
kupl
anguage

7.CMS-Cont
entManagementsy
stem

8.ICANN-I
nter
netcor
por
ati
onf
orassi
gnednamesand
number
s

9.GUI-Gr
aphi
csuserI
nter
face

10.
URL-Uni
for
mresour
cel
ocat
or

11.
URI-Uni
for
mresour
ceI
dent
if
ier

12.
DNS-Domai
nNamesy
stem

13.
FTP-Fi
leTr
ansf
erpr
otocol

14.
TCP-Tr
ansmi
ssi
oncont
rolpr
otocol

15.
HTTPS-Hy
per
textt
ransf
erpr
otocolsecur
e
 Page2

16.
TLS-Tr
ansf
erLay
erSecur
it
y

17.
SSL-Secur
esocketshel
l

18.
NNTP-Net
wor
knewst
ransf
erpr
otocol

19.
ISP-I
nter
netser
vicepr
ovi
der

20.
BPL-Br
oadbandov
erpowerl
ine

21.
ISDN-I
ntegr
atedser
vicesDi
git
alnet
wor
k

22.
W3C-Wor
ldwi
dewebconsor
ti
um

23.
IETF-I
nter
netEngi
neer
ingt
askf
orce

24.
IRTF-I
nter
netResear
cht
askf
orce

25.
ARPANET-Adv
ancedResear
chPr
oject
sAgency

26.
PSTN-Publ
icswi
tchedTel
ephoneNet
wor
k

27.
DSL-Di
git
alSubscr
iberl
ine

28.
WiMAX-Wor
ldwi
deI
nter
oper
abi
li
tyf
orMi
crowav
eAccess

29.
ADSL-Asy
mmet
ri
cal
digi
talsubscr
iberl
ine

30.
SDSL-Sy
mmet
ri
caldi
git
alsubscr
iberl
ine

31.
MTNL-MahanagarTel
ephoneNi
gam l
imi
ted

32.
MODEM -Modul
ator-Demodul
ator
 Page3

sect
ion3:Quest
ionAndanswer
s(pageno:31)
1.
DIscusst
hecomponent
sofaURLwi
thanexampl
e?
Ans:Ther
ear
efourcomponent
sofaURL.

Exampl
eofaURL:

ht
tps:
//www.
indi
a.gov
.in/
indi
a/st
ates-
indi
a

1.Thescheme:Thisist
hefir
stpar tofawebaddress,
alsoknownast he
pr
otocoli
denti
fi
er.I
ttel
lst
heinternetbrowserwhi
chprotocolneedst
o
befol
lowedtoaccesstheaddress.

I
nabov
eexampl
eschemei
s:ht
tps

2.
Thehost:Thesecondpar tofthewebaddr
essident
if
iesthehost
.The
hostst
art
swi t
h"WWW" .Thistel
lsthebr
owserwheretheresour
ce,
i.
e.,
the
si
teisl
ocatedont
heinternet.

I
ntheabov
eexampl
ehosti
s:WWW

3.Thedomain:Adomainnamef ol
lowsthehost.I
tisauniquename
giv
ent oeachwebsit
e.Thedomainnameconsistsoftwopar t
s-onei
sthe
nameoft hedomain,andt
heotheristhedomainextensi
on.Adomain
extensi
ontel
lstheki
ndoforgani
sationandt
hecount r
yitbel
ongsto.

I
ntheabov
eexampl
edomai
nis:I
ndi
a.gov
.in

4.Thepat
h:Thi
sisthel
astpartoftheURL.Thepat
htel
lst
hebr
owser
r
egardi
ngthefi
let
obeusedfrom thedomaindir
ect
ory.

I
ntheabov
eexampl
epat
his:I
ndi
a/st
ates-
indi
a
 Page4

2.
whati
sdy
nami
ccont
ent
?

Ans:Dynamiccontentmeanschangi ng.Itref
erstowebcontentthatis
gener
at edbasedonthev i
ewer '
srequestandprefer
ences.Thecontent
wil
lchangeifanotheruserviewsitatthesamet i
meort hesameuser
vi
ewst hewebpageatadi f
ferentti
me.

Exampl
e:l
iv
enews,cal
endar
,st
ockpr
iceset
c.
3.
whati
sthedi
ff
erencebet
weenwebpor
talandwebsi
te?

Ans:
 Page5

4.whati
sanewsgroup?Whatr
oledoesanewsr
eaderpr
ogr
am pl
ayi
n
usinganewsgr
oup?

Ans:Anewsgroupisanonli
nediscussi
onforum wherer
emot
ely
connect
edusersshareanddiscussapart
icul
artopi
c.

Newsreaderactascli
entwhichconnecttoanewsser
ver,vi
athe
Net
workNewsTr ansferPr
otocol(
NNTP) ,t
odownloadar
ti
clesandpost
newart
icl
es.
5.
Def
inemar
kupl
anguages.
Giv
eanexampl
eofmar
kupl
anguage.

Ans:Amarkupl
anguagei
sacomput erl
anguaget
hatusest
agst
o
def
ineel
ementswit
hinadocument
.

Thelanguagespeci
fi
est
hecodef
orf
ormat
ti
ng,
bot
hthel
ayoutand
st
yle,
withinatextf
il
e.

Exampl
e:HTMLl
anguage
6.
whatar
ethedi
ff
erst
ruct
uralcomponent
sofawebpage?answerbr
ief
ly?
Ans:St
ruct
uralcomponent
sofawebpage:
1.Ti
tl
ebar:I
tisusedt
odi
spl
ayt
henameoft
heappl
icat
ionort
henameof
theopendocument
2.Headerar
ea:Theheaderar
eai
susual
lywher
eyouwouldf
indt
hemain
commoni nfor
mati
onaboutawebsi
tesuchascompanyorl
ogo,
sear
ch
boxetc.
3.
Footerarea:Thepur
poseofafoot
erareai
st ohel
pvisi
tor
sbyaddi
ng
i
nfor
mat i
onandnav i
gati
onopt
ionsatt
hebottom ofwebpages.
4.
cont
entar
ea:I
tcont
ainst
hemai
ncont
entoft
hewebpage.
5.
MenuorNavi
gati
onli
nk:Navi
gat
ionl
inksar
ethehy
per
li
nksusedt
o
movebet
weenli
nkedpagesoft
hewebsit
e.
 Page6

7.
whati
sapr
otocol
?

Ans:Apr
otocolisastandardsetofr
ulesthatall
owelect
ronicdevi
cesto
communicat
ewi t
heachot her
.Theserul
esincludewhattypeofdata
maybetr
ansmi tt
ed,whatcommandsar eusedt osendandreceiv
edata,
andhowdatatransf
ersareconfir
med.

8.
whati
sTCP/
IP?

Ans:TCP/I
Pstandsf
ortr
ansmissi
oncontr
olprotocol/i
nter
netpr
otocol
.
I
tisthebasi
ccommunicat
ionprot
ocoloft
heinternet
.

TCP/I
Pisimportantbecausewhol einter
netrunsoveri
t.Thi
s
i
sthepr otocol
susingwhichtwodi f
ferentnetworkElements
communi catewit
heachot her.Wit
houttheTCP/ I
Pthedata
communi cati
onandInter
netorI nt
er-
Net worki
ngoft hedevi
cesisnot
possi
ble.
9.
wri
teabr
iefnot
eonanyt
hreedi
ff
erentt
ypesofbl
ogs?

Ans:Ther
ear
edi
ff
erentt
ypesofbl
ogsav
ail
abl
eont
heweb.

Per
sonalbl
og,companybl
og,
non-
prof
itbl
og,
pol
it
icsbl
og,
newsand
v
iewsbl
og,micr
oblog.

1.personalblog:Thi
sisthemostcommonandpopul artypeofbl
og.Iti
s
ajourneyordi aryt
hati
sontheinternet
.Personalbl
ogencompasses
personalviewsonanychosensubj ectl
ikeheal
th,pol
it
ics,t
rav
eletc.

2.
Newsandviewsblog:Thisty
peofbl
ogisnor
mallyusedbythe
j
our
nal
ist
stopostfact
ualstori
esandvi
ewsaboutt
helatestev
ents.

3.Companyblog:Thi
scategor
yisusedbyprof
essional
sorcompani
est
o
l
etthei
rcust
omer sorcl
ient
sknowaboutthei
rupcomingproduct
sandt
he
pr
ogressbei
ngmadeonsomepr oj
ects.
 Page7

10.
Nameanyt
wopopul
arwebbr
owser
s?
Ans:Googl
eChr
ome,
int
ernetexpl
orer
,Mozi
ll
aFi
ref
ox,
oper
a,Appl
esaf
ari
et
c.
11.
Whati
sWWW?
Ans:Thewor l
dwidewebcommonl yknownast heweb, i
sawayof
accessi
nginformat
ionoverthei
nternet
.Itcontai
nsmi l
li
onofdocument
s
call
edwebpages.Eachpagecontainstext,
graphics,
video,
audi
oand
l
inkstootherwebpagesv i
ahyperl
inks.
12.wri
tewebextensi
onsgi
vent
othesi
tesoft
hef
oll
owi
ngy
pesof
organi
sat
ions:
Ans:a)Net
wor
kingor
gani
sat
ions-.
net
b)Gov
ernmentagenci
es-.
gov

13.
whyi
sint
ernetcal
lednet
wor
kofnet
wor
ks?
Ans:Internetiscall
ednetworkofnet wor
ksbecauseitconnect
s
comput ersallovertheworldfor
mi nganetwor
kandal lcomputer
sar
e
alsoconnect edtoeachother,hencecomputersform anetwor
kandwhen
theyalljoi
nwi thi
nterneti
tiscall
ednetworkofnetworks.

14.
Expandt
hef
oll
owi
ngacr
ony
ms:
Ans:a)
ISP-I
nter
netser
vicepr
ovi
der
b)URL-Uni
for
mresour
cel
ocat
or
15.
Howar
ehy
per
textandHTTPr
elat
ed?

Ans:Hypert
extisrel
atedt
othecontentofadocument.
Iti
sapieceof
or
dinar
ytextthathasauni
quefeat
ureoflinki
ngtoot
herdocumentsor
webpages.

HTTPisahy
pertextt
ansferprot
ocol
.Iti
sacomputert
o
comput
eri
nfor
mati
ontr
ansferpr
otocoloveranetwor
k.Thi
sprot
ocol
 Page8

sendsandr
ecei
veshy
per
textbaseddocument
s.

Exampl
e:HTML

16.Howareane-
mailaddr
essandURLdi
ff
erentf
rom eachot
her
?
Expl
ainwi
thasui
tabl
eexample?

Ans:

 URLi
sUni
for
m Resour
ceLocat
or.emai
lisAddr
essofEl
ect
roni
c
Mai
l.

 URLi
st hewebaddressofawebpagewhil
eemaili
susedtosend
el
ect
ronicmessagestoeachot
herusi
ngcomput
ernetwor
ks.

 I
ntheemai
l@ i
susedwhi
chi
snotpr
esenti
nanyURL.

 Theemailaddr
essisof
tenusedinlowercase,
whi
lewebsi
tesorweb
addr
essarewrit
teni
nmi xedl
ett
ers.

 emaili
sal
waysusedtor
eceiv
eel
ect
roni
cmai
lswhi
lewebaddr
essi
s
notusedt
orecei
veanymai
ls.

 Awebaddressi
susedtoaccessawebsi
tewher
einf
ormat
ioncanbe
f
oundwhil
eemaili
snotusedtogetanyi
nfor
mati
on.

 URLcandi
rectl
ybetypedi
nbrowsert
oaccesswebsi
te/
page
wher
easemailAddr
esscannotbebrowsedaswebsi
te/
page

Exampl
es:
E-mai
l:l
apschool
@gmai
l.
com

URL: ht
tp:
//ncer
t.
nic.
in/
ebooks.
html