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Home Assiqomnt -3 Ch:Penchala Sandee p

1 kist pprches to Cogesti on (ontrol and explin io clotait

the tiafc thio ttling mechanisms to Cantro l Congestion.

) Cengstion Cortrol ppoaches and taffie thvotting mechanisms

Canqestion Contol Appsoachus t.
Congstion Comtro! is Ctucia l -fos mechaosm a stuble netwok
Sevea appnoache USed.

-9Open toop Control A predete1 mioed anantmum mit is set

n the nuber af ackets a senda Can trans mit:

closed oop Control vtize feecl back e chani sms ( ke (pit

Cengestion Notifi Cati on
’ Tiaffic thottlng me chanísm Traftre thett ling
llmiting the Yate at which Specific typs
Manag snernti Marag es paceet quws ackats ae
dYepped When the que is fuu to prevent ecngestion.
1: Explain the three protocoi Seenaaios for
establishig a connection
wing a thee hands hane with peopo draqiam

4) The thee handshake is a me thud foY inttilng a

Connecti on n a Ter p ntworK 7t fnvowe bee steps.
1 Syn (Sqnchionlte ) : The Client sends a packet with the
yn ftag set to the Sewa îndicatirg the ctent Cwoik ta Estabbih,
a Conne ctiby
9. Ach Finally thu Ceot acwknew edgc the Servey Yepase
by Sending a packet with thu hea fla4] Set

Clent

SYn --’

Ack --

3) Exdain the difeient yps of flegs yed in Tcp headee.

A) Tcp headers Contaio Sevea Conto fgs

URG Tndi Cates UTqent cata în the packet

Rst : Resets the Connection
Syn Lnttiates a Connection
FIN : Clos the Connection
’ Connection Sevices ; Send data
Without paivuy setop faste
but back reliability mechenisms

H) nrite the i#erernt between Connec tion- Osiented and

Connecti on lex ctwices.

A) ports io a Conmputer etworr :

Jn a Compute ntwt a pot a Conmnicetion Cndgoin

he port nmber fs a (6-bit nslgbed Inein angtng from
to G3535 ports au
Catezovited ina thYee tpes
well - bnwn ports
(o-l0333): peser ved for System Sevtccs -
 * Reqisteed ports ssrqred appliationu
thu intenet
by
4 Oynamie |Pivate ports * Usecd for dy namlc | pyivte pup0 se

5. What clo you meun by port fn Computee ntwork 7 Explaln

the lifferent ty pes of ports Used.
4) In a Computu nitoo1k a port veyers to a Specifie endpoint
OY Comm unication Channel thwoug h lhich data Can be
Sent or veceived bËw devices Seevices or
applica tto).
h wen huwn ports
’ theye ports ase hnnbed from oto a23
Thy ue ty pi Cay yeseveud foY well khwn netwok Seutcu ond
Piotcois
Fegisted pors:
’Thuse ports ue nuumbeed fom l02H to
H59.
3.
Dynamie ports
Thuse ports ae numbed fiom H9)51 to
Gss35
Thuy u often wsed as
tempouy Por ts by client pplioatien
hen stablishing Conectiony to well- mown Or
Ports on
registed
yemote Sewees
6. Explain the dferent 1esoluti on technlquc, In Domain
Dame
Sytem:
A) In the dmafn nam
-b trans laie human te adable
Sytem Tesoletion techniqus cuye Usd
omaln hame into ip addies
hat Computes and network clevicos Can indecs trund .

Recusi ve Besolution:
’ ReCuusive Resolution is the must Cmmon methud Use d by
DNS TeSo\wes
domain neme.
’The voot Sewe 1espohds With a Ye fevval to the
dona'n appropriat e to topley
eaching :
> DNS Caching is a technique tused to impreve DNS
Yesolutton
feny and educe the lo ad on bNs Seww.

what do you mean

by Domain anc tone io bNS
System?
A) To the Domain name
System lomaio und ton e aue Yelated
but tistinct Cenceptt that play
Cci a Yole io 0Yganltatten
and managemen
bomain:
’ Adomain Yefers to a hirorichae cnd human Yeadable
noing Struetue cused to tdenti fy Sesctuces On the inteenet.

’ Dmai ns au admintstrated by domain yeq 'stas and the

DNS
Syptem:
one

Ione in DNS sefevs to a portion of the bNs hame space:

often Coves ponding to a Single oma'n ahd its owseciated
DNS Te cods

Explan dferent types of name space avolia ble in DNs

3iv ahng Example
1. Hierovchia l Name Space

" The hirear ichi al hamespace is the must Comn tyjses Of

DNS name Sqace

" It follyws o tree- ike stiuctue with th e Yoot danain at fhe

top and branches Yeprusenting TLDs.

2 Reserved DNS NNcne space:

The y ev se DNS bane space is wed foy mápping tp addes
to donain namy"

Lp addrers l92 l6e. 1"2.

Discws the Vasio s types of E-ma'i Qrch?tectwe models.

With the
dagram
A) Emil o1 electronie mai s a
widely Used Communi catin.

method n the intemet

The sMre mocdel is one of the founcl ationat aichitectuse

for Crnall Comrounl Cation :
 yert ? this Is the ema!i cent used by the end
wwer to Cornpose Send anct rec el ve emalls

" w p sewa: Thue Ieweu handle th routing Cund deluey

64 oulgoing @rnails

10" fx plafn the different Tep sevic e,

avalrable ?
A) Tcp is on0 of the Core pretocols in thc ínternet protocot
Suite ond provi de votiable Condnection ~Dr íented
Communication.
Sexuices qor data transnigsion blw deviees on a networt.
1. Reliable Datu trons-fer?

9. Connec tion fstablishment and terminatioy

3. Flvw Cootro |

4 Congosti on Con trol

5. Odeud bata

G EYvoY
belivey
Dete ctlon end corvcctlon:
1. ul Duple Cormmunicatien :
3: Multiple Bng and De multiplaing
9. Segmentatin and Rea ssemby
lo Ack khowledgrnents -
t( winduw scaltng.