Yr 7 Accelerated Mathematics

Class Notes

Number Plane + Graphing

Part 2

Last edited: 26-02-2015

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What shape is a graph if the equation is y=mx+b ?

What shape is a graph if the equation is y=x 2?

Please graph:

y=mx , where m> 0 y=mx , where m< 0

y=mx+b , where m>0 , b> 0 y=mx , where m> 0 ,b <0

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2 2
y=x y=− x

2 2
y=x +a y=x −a

2 2
y= ( x + a ) y= ( x −a )

Gradient
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Gradient, also known as the slope, is the magnitude of the line at which it tilts.

A line with no gradient is a perfectly horizontal line.

A vertical line has an undefined gradient.

The gradient is one of the most important pieces of information we need when constructing a linear graph.

The gradient formula is given by

What is the gradient of the line you have plotted just then?

Positive And Negative Gradients

Plot and compare the two graphs below:

y=x+1

X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

y = -x + 1

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X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

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Intersections
When constructing a liner graph, the other important feature is the “intersection-points”. The Intersection
points are the coordinates which the line intersect (crosses) the x and y axis, and they must be shown when
constructing a linear graph.

Construct the following lines, find the coordinate at which the line cuts the x and y axis.

y = 2x + 2

X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

y = 2x – 2

X -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

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Finding the Solution Graphically

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Finding the Solution Algebraically

Sometimes, there is just no time in order to draw a neat to scale graph. However, a faster and even easier
solution would be to solve the equation algebraically.

I have been given these 2 graphs:

2 x−5 y=1

3 x+ 5 y=14

Without drawing a graph, find out where they intersect.

Practice Questions
1. What is the gradient of the following line?

a) y = -2x + 3 _____________

b) y = 3x – 2 _____________

c) y = 100 – 2x _____________

d) y = -2 + x _____________

e) y = 3 + x _____________

2. Use the formulae y = mx + b, graph the following lines:

a) y = x + 1

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b) y = x – 1

c) y = -x + 1

d) y = -x – 1

e) y = 2x + 1

f) y = 2x – 1

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g) y = 2x

h) y = 1

Challenge Questions

3. Find the coordinate pairs of the following lines with the aid of a table between -5 and 5 (try to not use
this). Plot the coordinate pairs and sketch the lines.

a) x2 + 1

X -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

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b) x3

X -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

c) 2x – 5

X -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

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d) x2 - 1

X -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

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Finding the Equation of a Line

POINT GRADIENT FORMULA

If there is ever a need to find out the equation of a STRAIGHT LINE when you only know 2 points, the
easiest way is with the point gradient formula.

1. FIND the gradient with the gradient formula

2. Substitute this gradient and a point of your choice into the formula.

3. Simplify the equation and put it back into point gradient form or general form.

Example:

Find the equation of the line connecting ( 3 , 5 ) and ( 8 , 9 )

Find the equation of the line connecting ( 14 , 52 ) and ( 8 , 9)

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Find the equations to these lines:

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HOMEWORK:

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