Adapted from slides provided by the authors of the textbook

“Computing Essentials 2017” by Timothy O'Leary and Linda O'Leary and Daniel O'Leary
“Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World” by Gary B. Shelly, Jeffrey J. Quasney, Misty E. Vermaat, Steven M Freund, and Susan L. Sebok
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information

Describe the different types of computer hardware, including the system unit, input, output, storage,
and communication devices.

Identify the four types of computers and the four types of personal computers.

Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the
Internet.

Discuss how society uses computers in education, finance, government, health care, science, publishing,
travel, and manufacturing
Outlines
Introduction
Computer Definition, Data and Information Computer Applications in Society
Information Processing Cycle Education
Finance
Component of a Computer Government
System Unit Healthcare
Input / Output Science
Secondary Storage Publishing
Travel
Communications
Manufacturing
Advantages of using Computers Information Systems
Disadvantages of using Computers People
Procedures
Types of computers Software
Personal computers Hardware
Data
Midrange computers Internet
Mainframe computers
Supercomputers
Introduction
• Computers are everywhere
Computer?
• A computer is an electronic device, operating under
the control of instructions stored in its own memory

Collects Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)

Information Processing Cycle

 Introduction
• Personal computers are
common life tools
• New forms of learning
have developed
• College courses
• Not just quarters or
semesters
• Computers offer many
communication avenues
The Components of a Computer
Four basic categories of equipment
1. System Unit
2. Input/Output
3. Secondary Storage
4. Communications
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

System Unit Will be covered in Topic 2

• System Unit
• Houses most of the electronic
components
• Two important components
• Microprocessor
• Memory
• Holds data currently
being processed
• Holds the processed information before
it is output
• Temporary storage, contents are lost when power
is off
 COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

Input/Output Devices will be covered in Topic 3

• Input
• Translate data into computer language
• Keyboard and Mouse
• Output
• Translate computer data into usable information
• Display and Printer
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

Secondary Storage will be covered in Topic 4

• Holds data and programs even if

power is off
• Hard disk
• Solid-state storage
• No moving parts
• More reliable
• Requires less power
• Optical disc
• Laser technology
• CDs, DVDs, Blu-ray
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

Communications will be covered in Topic 8

• Communication devices
• Provide the ability for personal computers to communicate
• Modems
• Modify audio, video and other types of data for Internet
usage
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers

Speed Health Risks

Reliability Violation of Privacy

Consistency Public Safety

Storage Impact on Labor Force

Communications Impact on Environment

Types of Computers
§ Personal computers
§ PCs
§ Five types of PCs
§ Midrange computers
§ Servers
§ Mainframe computers
§ Process large amounts of data
§ Supercomputers
§ Most powerful computers
TYPES OF COMPUTERS

Personal Computers (PCs)

• A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing,
output, and storage activities by itself
• The least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-
growing type of computer.
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple
• Desktop computer
 TYPES OF COMPUTERS> PERSONAL COMPUTERS

5 Personal Computer Types

1. Desktop 4. Smartphones
2. Laptop (Notebook) 5. Wearables
3. Tablet 4
1 2 3

5
 TYPES OF COMPUTERS

Midrange computers - Servers

• A server controls access to the hardware, software, and
other resources on a network
• Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and
information
• Originally - companies use to support their processing needs
• Today - support or serve end users for such specific needs as
retrieving data from a database or supplying access to
application software.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS

Mainframe computers
• A mainframe is a large,
expensive, powerful computer
capable of great processing
speeds and data storage
• Insurance companies use
mainframes to process
information about millions of
policyholders
 TYPES OF COMPUTERS

Supercomputers
• A supercomputer is the fastest,
most powerful computer
• high-capacity computers used by
very large organizations.
• Typically used to process massive
amounts of data.
• to analyze and predict worldwide
weather patterns.
IBM’s Blue Gene supercomputer
is one of the fastest computers in the world.
Computer Applications in Society

Education

Finance

Government

Health Care
19
Computer Applications in Society

Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
20
Parts of an Information System

People Procedures Software

The
Hardware Data
Internet
 INFORMATION SYSTEMS

People
• End users who use computers to make
themselves more productive
• Most important part of any system
• Contact is
• Direct
• Indirect
 INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Procedures
• Procedures - specify rules or guidelines
for computer operations.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Software
• provides step-by step instructions for computer hardware
 INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Hardware
includes keyboard, mouse, display, system unit, tablets, smartphones,
and other devices
 INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Data
• Raw, unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images, and sounds.
• Processed data becomes information (Information Processing Cycle)
• Digital data is stored electronically in files
 INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Internet
• Internet allows computers to connect to people and other computers
 Connectivity and the Mobile Internet

• Connectivity
• Sharing of information
• Network
• Communications system connecting two or
more devices
• Central to the concept of connectivity
• Largest network is the Internet
• Web provides a multimedia interface for
Internet resources
Connectivity cont.
• Three things driving the forces of technology
• Cloud computing
• Computers on the Internet
• Access to more resources
• Wireless technology
• Changing the way we communicate
• Tablets, smartphones, wearable devices
• The Internet of Things (IoT)
• Continuing development of the Internet
• Allowing all types of devices to communicate
 Careers in IT
• Webmaster
• Develops and maintains websites and web resources
• Software Engineer
• Analyzes users’ needs and creates application software
• Computer Support Specialist
• Provides technical support to customers and other users
Careers in IT cont.
• Computer Technician
• Repairs and install computer components and systems
• Technical Writer
• Prepares instruction manuals, technical reports, and other
scientific or technical documents
• Network Administrator
• Creates and maintains computer networks
A Look to the Future
Using and Understanding Information Technology
• The Internet and the Web
• Powerful Software
• Powerful Hardware
• Security, Privacy and Ethics
• Organizations
• Changing Times
Open-Ended Questions (Page 1 of 2)
• Explain the parts of an information system. What part
do people play in this system?
Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 2)
• Describe the different types of computers. What is the most
common type? What are the types of personal computers?

• What is connectivity? What is a computer network? What are the

Internet and the Web? What is cloud computing, the wireless
revolution and IoT?
Slides adapted from:
References:
Computing Essentials 2017
26th Edition
By: Timothy O'Leary and Linda O'Leary and Daniel O'Leary
Copyright: 2017
Complete

Adapted from slides provided by the authors of the textbook

“Computing Essentials 2017” by Timothy O'Leary and Linda O'Leary and Daniel O'Leary
“Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World” by Gary B. Shelly, Jeffrey J. Quasney, Misty E. Vermaat, Steven M Freund, and Susan L. Sebok