MUH 103

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY - 1

*EMERGENCY CONDITIONS
* EVACUATION AND RESCUE

Mehmet ARSLANYİĞİT
Öğretim Görevlisi
C Sınıfı İş Güvenliği Uzmanı
 EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

• AN EFFECTIVE DISASTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CAN BE

IMPLEMENTED AFTER A LONG AND CHALLENGING PLANNING.

• WITHOUT A CAREFUL PLANNING, ANY OTHER CONDUCT WILL

HAVE TO DO WITH IMMEDIATE AND SPECIFIC SORT OF
EMERGENCY ONLY.

• THERE ARE MULTIPLE PARAMETERS GUIDING URGENT

SITUATIONS.
 EMERGENCY OR ACTION PLANS

These are the plans that should be prepared before the

emergency situation occurs and show how and by whom the
intervention, protection, search, rescue and first aid issues
will be carried out in emergency situations.
 PURPOSE OF EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

The purpose of the emergency plan is;

• to ensure life-safety,

• to prevent the loss of property and information..

 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

An emergency procedure is the most appropriate plan of

actions to be conducted for companies and their employees,
including the selection and task descriptions of the key
personnel who are assigned specific roles or responsibilities in
case of undesired and unexpected situations such as fire,
earthquake, flood, terror.
 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

The main reason to have an emergency action

plan is;
to determine how to handle emergency situations at the
workplace that would threaten…
human life and safety,
working conditions,
property, etc.
to take the necessary precautions,
to designate the emergency response team members with
predefined roles.

…
 EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS

These teams are composed of specific members

responsible for;

• the evacuation of people from the building in case of fire,

earthquake or other disasters,
• the immediate response to emergency situations,
• the search - rescue functions,
• and extinguishing fires…
 FORMATION OF THE TEAMS

• FIRE FIGHTING TEAM,

• RESCUE TEAM,
• PROTECTION TEAM,
• FIRST AID TEAM.
 FORMATION OF THE TEAMS

• FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE TEAMS SHOULD BE COMPOSED OF AT

LEAST 3,
• PROTECTION AND FIRST AID TEAM SHOULD BE COMPOSED OF AT
LEAST 2 PEOPLE.
• IF THE WORKPLACE HAS ALREADY ESTABLISHED CIVIL DEFENSE
SERVICES, DUTIES OF THE MENTIONED TEAMS ARE EXECUTED BY
THESE SERVICES.
• EACH TEAM HAS A TEAM LEADER. THE TEAM LEADER ALSO
ASSISTS THE MANAGER WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EMERGENCY DIRECTIVES.
 EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAMS

• DUTIES OF EMERGENCY TEAM MEMBERS, THEIR NAMES,

ADDRESSES AND CONTACT INFORMATION SHOULD BE LISTED
AND HUNG IN EASILY-NOTICED PLACES IN THE BUILDING.
 EVACUATION PLAN

• An Emergency Evacuation Plan is a written set of

instructions and procedures explaining the immediate escape
of people away from an area that poses a threat or a hazard to
the lives or property and designating the assembly points.

• This plan is prepared, printed in appropriate sizes and hung at

necessary points where everyone can easily see at the
workplace.
 CRITICAL AREAS

• IN ORDER TO HANDLE THE EMERGENCY SITUATION WITHOUT

LOSSES OF LIFE AND PROPERTY, IT IS OF GREAT BENEFIT TO
SPECIFY THE CRITICAL AREAS IN ADVANCE.
 CRITICAL AREAS

• CRISIS CENTER

• FIRST AID CENTER

• ASSEMBLY AREAS/POINTS

• EQUIPMENT AREAS AND AREAS WHERE KEYS TO THE

EQUIPMENT AREAS ARE KEPT
 ASSEMBLY AREAS/POINTS

EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY AREAS/POINTS SHOULD BE LOCATED TO;

 INFORM THE PEOPLE WHERE THEY CAN GATHER DURING OR
AFTER THE EMERGENCY SITUATION,

 KEEP THEM TOGETHER,

 PERFORM A NOMINAL ROLL CALL OF THE EMPLOYEES TO

ENSURE THAT EVERYBODY IS THERE.

 ASSEMBLY AREAS/POINTS

• THE ASSEMBLY AREA/POINT SHOULD BE LOCATED AT THE

NEAREST OPEN AREA AND SHOULD BE AWAY FROM THE
EFFECTS OF POSSIBLE HAZARDS FOR SAFETY.

• PEOPLE SHOULD BE INFORMED AND PREPARED AS TO HOW

THEY CAN GO TO THE DESIGNATED ASSEMBLY POINTS BY
CONDUCTING EMERGENCY DRILLS AT CERTAIN TIMES.
 ASSEMBLY AREAS/POINTS

 ASSEMBLY POINTS SHOULD BE INDICATED WITH EASILY VISIBLE

SIGNS.
 EVACUATION PLANS

• FOR THE PEOPLE’S EASY AND QUICK EVACUATION DURING

EMERGENCY, IT IS NECESSARY TO LOCATE ALL THE EXIT
DIRECTIONS IN THE LAYOUT OF THE WORKPLACE EVACUATION
PLANS.
EVACUATION PLANS

ÖRNEK
EVACUATION PLANS
 ENERGY SOURCES RESPONSE TEAM

• THEY ARE RESPOSNIBLE FOR SWITCHING OFF THE UTILITIES

SUCH AS NATURAL GAS, ELECTRICITY AND GENERATOR
DURING AN EMERGENCY SITUATION.
 Emergency Telephone Numbers

• “112” Ambulance

• “154” Traffic

• “110” Fire

• “155” Police

• “156” Gendarmery
GENERAL CATEGORIES OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

• FIRE
• EARTHQUAKE
• OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS
• FLOOD
• LEAKAGE
• SABOTAGE
EARTHQUAKE PRECAUTIONS
 Before the earthquake, we must:

• use plastic stabilizing materials to prevent the items placed on

the cupboards or shelves from falling over.

• secure the stoves or other heaters with strong materials to the

walls or to the floor.

• anchor heavy items, such as cupboards, shelves, bookcases or

anything that could fall over to the walls or to each other.
 We must:

• fix the devices placed on the ceiling or wall, such as

chandeliers or air conditioners, etc., to their positions
firmly so that they do not fall down.

• secure the poisonous, explosive and inflammable

materials and store them safely. Stick phosphorescence
warning labels on them.
 We must:

• use automatic shut off valves against gas

leakage and fire.

• clear away any blocking materials or furniture

stored on the emergency escape routes and
mark these routes visibly.
 We must:

• prepare an earthquake safety precautions plan and conduct

an earthquake drill before it strikes.

• have an appropriate fire extinguisher according to the

characteristics and size of the residence or workplace
determined by the management beforehand, and have their
periodical maintenance done.
 We must:

• put the “Do not use during earthquake" sign on

the sides of elevators.

• make sure that we have necessary first aid kits,

extra batteries, a battery-powered radio, a flashlight, cleaning
materials, a signal whistle, a candle, matches, dry foods and
biscuits ready in our go bag.
DURING THE EARTHQUAKE…
 Inside the building
• We must…
• stay calm, not panic and stay away from stabilized or un-
stabilized furniture,
• drop down to our knees and crawl under a heavy piece of
furniture, such as a heavy desk, table, bed or sofa.
• cover our head and neck with our arms or an object so that we
are protected from any debris or furniture falling during the
earthquake.

– Varsa sandalyelerle desteklenmiş masa altına veya dolgun ve hacimli

koltuk, kanepe, içi dolu sandık gibi koruma sağlayabilecek eşya yanına
çömelmeli veya uzanmalıyız. Başımızı iki elimizin arasında alarak veya bir
koruyucu (yastık, kitap vb) malzeme ile korumalıyız. Sarsıntı geçene dek
beklemeliyiz
Inside the building
 We must:

• switch off the ovens, cookers, etc. located in places such as

kitchen, workshop or laboratory where there are risky work
tools.

• stay away from spilling materials and liquid containers.

 Once the shaking has stopped, we must…

• check the water, gas, and electric lines for any damage. If they
are damaged, we must shut off the valves.

• put out the flames in the stove and turn off the heaters.

• take all the other precautions and leave the building with the go
bag and retreat to the assembly point using the previously
marked emergency routes.
 We must:

• stay away from stairs, balconies, corridors, columns, windows,

and large areas.

• never use the elevators.

• leave the elevator by pressing the floor exit button if we are in

the elevator.
 Outside the building

We must…
• move away from the energy lines, other buildings, and
insecure walls.
• kneel down and be prepared against potential hazards which
are likely to find us
• move away from the seaside considering waves and tsunami.
 We must:

• not be close to the slopes where landslides are likely to occur

or stones and rocks may fall. If we are in such an environment,
we must move to the nearest safe place.

• be careful of the falling items such as chimneys, glass shards

and plasters, from the buildings.
 While Driving

• If our location is safe, we must stop and stay in the vehicle.

• If we are driving, we must pull over to the side of the road.

• We must leave the ignition key in place and wait in the vehicle
with the windows closed.

• Only after the shaking stops, should we move to open areas.

 While Driving

• We must stay as far away as possible from trees, poles and

power lines.

• If the vehicle is in residential areas or is not in a safe place;

we must stop the vehicle, leave the ignition key in place,
leave the vehicle and go to open areas.
 After the earthquake

• We should never panic and keep calm..

• When the shaking stops, we should immediately take the go

bag and other materials (clothes, blankets, water and food),
leave the place using the previously defined routes and go to
the assembly point.
 After the earthquake

• We must help the teams to rescue victims in destroyed

buildings, to provide first aid and to remove debris.

• We should be cautious in case of second shaking.

• We should not occupy the phone lines.

• We should not block the traffic as the patients and the injured
will be transported on the roads.
 After the earthquake

• We should not believe the rumors and loosetalks about the

earthquake.

• During rescue and social assistance, we must help the officials

without causing panic and confusion.

• If the building is damaged, we must wait at least an hour to

get inside. We must act in accordance with the
announcements of the authorities in charge.

• In coastal areas, we must move away from the seaside in case

of the occurrence of giant waves.
 After the earthquake

• We must obey the rules and the instructions of the authorities

in the crowded settlement areas and not allow disorders,
gossips and disturbances.

• Especially in residential areas, we must follow the cleaning

rules for the public health and warn those who do not care.

• We should not ask for relief materials more than we actually

need, considering others who are in need of.
DO NOT BE AFRAID OF EARTHQUAKES !

BE AFRAID OF NOT BEING PREPARED !

 EMERGENCY ESCAPE SYSTEMS

• Emergency lighting systems

• Emergency voice alarm systems
• Emergency exit doors
 EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEMS
In case of emergency evacuation at night or in dark areas, there
are two lighting systems:

1. Systems lighting emergency exit doorways

2. Systems lighting common areas
 EMERGENCY EXIT DOORS

• These are the doors to be used for emergency exits.

• Emergency doors are opened outwards from inside.
• These doors should only be used in emergency situations; they
are not for everyday use.
 EMERGENCY VOICE ALARM SYSTEMS

In case of emergency, the system ensures that alarms

can be heard from all points of the workplace in order to
ensure the correct orientation of the employees.
 EMERGENCY EXIT ROUTE SIGNS

These are the illuminated signs showing the emergency exit points
CONTROL PANELS AND ALARM SYSTEMS

Fire Alarm Control Panels

 DON’T FORGET!

TAKING PRECAUTIONS AND AVOIDING ACCIDENTS IS

CHEAPER AND MORE HUMANE THAN PAYING HIGH
AMOUNTS AFTERWARDS.