Project Report Submitted

in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

under the guidance of

Prof Hari Om
(Associate Professor)

By
Abhinav Kasana(20JE0024)
Ritik Gupta(20JE0794)
Yedla Swapnika(20JE1120)

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
( INDIAN SCHOOL OF MINES)
DHANBAD

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 Acknowledgements

We would like to first and foremost thank our project guide Prof. Hari Om. We
would also like to extend our appreciation towards Department of Computer
Science and Engineering to provide us this collaborative and vibrant
environment. We would like to express extreme gratefulness for our parents, who
supported us in every way possible.

We would like to declare that all the guidelines for the making of this project
report are followed. This project report is prepared without resorting to
plagiarism, all the sources are properly cited. This report is submitted in
compliance with requirements for the award of degree “Bachelor of
Technology” and has not been submitted elsewhere for a degree.

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 Certificate

This is to certify that the project report titled “A Morphological Image

Segmentation Algorithm for Circular Overlapping Cells” submitted by Abhinav
Kasana (20JE0024), Ritik Gupta (20JE0794) and Yedla Swapnika
(20JE01120) to the Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines)
Dhanbad towards partial compliance with the requirements for the award of
degree “Bachelor of Technology” in Computer Science and Engineering title is a
record of good faith work done by them under my supervision and guidance
during the year, 2023-24.

Prof. Hari om Prof. Sachin Tripathi

(Project Guide) (Head of Department)

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Introduction

All life on the earth are basically made up of cells. Us humans are packed
with loads of variety of cells (nephrons, neuron, erythrocytes, …) which have
their own respective function toward healthy functioning of the human body.
Malfunctioning of any part of body can be attributed to something going wrong
with cells of that region.
Rapid development of current medical imaging tools poses a challenge toward
developing software tools which can extract loads of interesting information
from various type of medical image at an outstanding pace. With the increased
availability of medical data which is an important part of medical examination of
patients The need to process thousands of images in a single day is much more of
a reality now a day.
The information extract from cell images could vary from the quantitative
analysis (count) to tracking the live location of cell inside the human body. The
latter comes under flow cytometry. Flow cytometry is beyond the scope of this
project. The quantitative goals (count numbers) from cell images can be
accomplished through a fast and efficient cell image segmentation algorithm.
Difficulties arising in developing cell image segmentation algorithm are
1. Due to limit of commercially available microscope, cell images tend
to be of lower resolution which usually requires preprocessing.
2. Overlapping cells can be counted as one by the algorithm which
takes a toll on accuracy of the algorithm.
3. Accuracy of traditional image segmentation algorithm significantly
decrease when applied on cell images having high noise and dense
cell population.

Our attempt towards developing an efficient cell segmentation algorithm uses

Mathematical Morphology for preprocessing of cell images. Preprocessing gives
a noise free image which further undergoes segmentation to give us the desired
result.

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Problem Statement

Despite the large number of Image segmentation algorithms present,

segmentation of cell images remains quite a challenging task due to the low
resolution images produced commercially. Circular cell images also have
overlapping cells which makes quantitative analysis much harder. It is observed
that preprocessing of low resolution image produce an enhanced image upon
which segmentation algorithms work with a great accuracy. The estimation of
number of cells in an image containing circular overlapping cells involves two
major aspects:

• Mathematical Morphology for image preprocessing.

• An efficient cell image segmentation algorithm

Considering the two aspects, smaller blocks are deleted as noise, medium sized
blocks are separated while the large blocks are further divided into two. The final
image is the combination of large blocks (which are divided into two) and the
medium sized blocks.

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Mathematical Morphology

1. Erosion: The erosion of the set A is represented by the set B as the structural element.
2. Dilation
3. Opening
4. Closing
5. Top-Hat transformation
6. Bot-Hat transformation
7. Filling Holes:
8. Majority: Keep a pixel set to 1 if 5 or more pixel(the majority) in its 3-by-3, 8-connected
neighborhood are set to 1; otherwise, set the pixel to 0.

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References
[1] F. Zhang, Y. Wu, M. Xu, S. Liu, C. Peng, and Z. Gao, “A Morphological Image Segmentation
Algorithm for Circular Overlapping Cells,” Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, vol. 32, 2022.

[2] Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing 4th Ed., Ch. 9, pp. 635”
Pearson Education Limited, New York, 2018

[3] J. W. Wills, J. Robertson, H. D. Summers, M. Miniter, C. Barnes et al., “Image-based cell

profiling enables quantitative tissue microscopy in gastroenterology,” Cytometry Part A, vol. 97, no.
12, pp. 1222–1237, 2020.

[4] P. Ghamisi, M. S. Couceiro, F. M. L. Martins and J. A. Benediktsson, “Multilevel image

segmentation based on fractional-order Darwinian particle swarm optimization,” IEEE Transactions on
Geoscience & Remote Sensing, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 2382–2394, 2014.

[5] Q. Sun, W. Yang and L. Yu, “Research and implementation of watershed segmentation algorithm
based on CCD infrared images,” Computers, Materials & Continua, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 509–519, 2010.

[6] D. E. Llea and P. F. Whelan, “Image segmentation based on the integration of colour–texture
descriptors— A review,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 44, no. 10–11, pp. 2479–2501, 2011.

[7] P. P. Banik, R. Saha and K. Kim, “An automatic nucleus segmentation and CNN model based
classification method of white blood cell,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 149, pp. 113211,
2020.

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 Specimen 'A': Title Sheet

(TITLE OF THE PROJECT)

Project report submitted
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

By

Name of the student

(Roll No.)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GUWAHATI
(Month and Year)

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 Specimen `B' CERTIFICATE

It is certified that the work contained in the project report titled “Title
of the Project Report,” by “Name of the Student,” has been carried out
under my/our supervision and that this work has not been submitted
elsewhere for a degree

Signature of Supervisor(s)
Name(s)
Department(s)
I.I.T. GUWAHATI
Month, Year

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 Specimen `C' – Declaration

I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and
where others' ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and
referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all
principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or
fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand
that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the
Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not
been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when
needed.

(Signature)

(Name of the student)

(Roll No.)
Date:

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 Specimen `D': Approval Sheet

This project report entitled (Title) by (Author Name) is approved for the
degree of (Degree details).

Examiners

Supervisor (s)

Chairman

Date :
Place:
`

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