Qout

1 A Carnot vapor refrigeration cycle uses Refrigerant 134a as the working fluid.
The refrigerant enters the condenser as saturated vapor at 28°C and leaves as
Qin 2
Wt saturated liquid. The evaporator operates
WC at a temperature of -10°C. Determine,
3 in kJ per kg of refrigerant flow,
a the work input to the compressor.
b the work developed by the turbine.
4c the heat transfer to the refrigerant passing through the evaporator.
d COP of the cycle.
Condenser 1
SCHEMATIC & GIVEN DATA:

T
T C 28°
C
3 2 28°C=30
Evaporator 1K
R-
134a
-
4 1 10°C=29
-
10°

Properties:

o kJ o kJ
T 2 =T 3=28o C h2=hg @28 C=414.052 s 2=s1=s g @28 C=1.7159
kg kg−K
kJ kJ
T 1 =T 4 ¿−10o C s 1=s f + x s fg s f @−10o C=0.9507 ; s fg @−10o C=0.7812
kg−K kg−K
o kJ o kJ
x 1=0.9795 h1=hf + x hfg h f @−10 C=186.72 ; hfg @−10 C=205.56
kg kg
kj kJ kJ
h1=388.07 h3=hf @28 o C=238.91 ; s 3=s4 ¿ s f @ 28o C=1.13426
kg kg kg−K
 kJ Solution:
x 4=0.235 h4 =h f + x h fg h4 =235.0208
kg

a For the compressor

kJ
w C =h2−h1 w C =414.052−388.07 w C =25.982
kg

b For the turbine

kJ
w t=h3−h 4 w t=238.91−235.0208 w t=3.8892
kg

c For the evaporator

kJ
q ¿=h 1−h4 q ¿=388.07−235.0208 q ¿=153.0492
kg

d COP of the cycle

q¿ 153.0492
COP= = COP=6.928
w C −wt 25.982−3.8892
 Qout

2 Refrigerant 22 is the working fluid in a Carnot vapor refrigeration cycle for which
the evaporator temperature is 0°C. Saturated vapor enters the condenser at
Qin 2
Wt 40°C, and saturated liquid exits at theWC
same temperature. The mass flow rate of
3 refrigerant is 3kg/min. Determine
a the rate of heat transfer to the refrigerant passing through the evaporator in
kW.
4
b the new power input to the cycle, in kW.
c the coefficient of performance.
Condenser 1
SCHEMATIC & GIVEN DATA:

T
T C

3 2 40°C
Evaporator

R-
0°C
4 1

Properties:

o kJ o kJ
T 2 =T 3=40o C h2=hg @ 40 C=261.15 s 2=s1=s g @40 C=0.8746
kg kg−K
kJ kJ
T 1 =T 4 ¿ 0 o C s 1=s f + x s fg s f @ 0o C=0.1751 ; s @ 0o C=0.7518
kg−K fg kg−K
kJ kJ kJ
x 1=0.9304 h1=hf + x hfg h f @ 0o C=44.59 ; hfg @0 o C=205.36 h1=235.37
kg kg kg
kJ kJ
h3=hf @ 40o C=94.27 ; s 3=s4 ¿ s f @ 40 o C=0.3417
kg kg−K
 kJ
x 4=0.2216 h4 =h f + x h fg h4 =90.098
kg

a For the evaporator

h
m(¿ ¿ 1−h 4 )
Q¿=¿
Q¿ = ( 3minkg )( 601 minsec )(235.37−90.098) Q¿ =7.2636 kW

b The net power input is

W cycle =W C −W t W cycle =m [ ( h2−h1 ) −( h3 −h4 ) ]

( 3minkg )( 601 minsec ) [ ( 261.15−235.37) −( 94.27−90.098) ]

W cycle = W cycle =1.0804 kW

c The COP of the system

Q¿ 7.2636
COP= = COP=6.723
W cycle 1.0804
 Valve Qout
Expansion

3 An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle operates at steady state with R-

134a as the working fluid. Saturated vapor enters the compressor at -10°C, and
Qin
saturated liquid leaves the condenser at 28°C. The mass flow rate of refrigerant
is 5 kg/min. Determine
a The compressor power, in KW.
b The refrigerating capacity, in tons.
c The coefficient of performance. 4

SCHEMATIC & GIVEN DATA:

P T3=28
°C

3
2

4 1

h
Properties:

State 1

kJ kJ State 2
T 1 =−10 ℃ ; h1 =hg @−10 ℃=392.28 s 1=s2=s g @−10 ℃=1.7319
kg kg−K

kJ
P2=Psat @28 ℃=729.12 kPa h2=418.928
kg

State 3

kJ
T 3 =28 ℃ ; h3=h 4=hf @28 ℃=238.91
kg

a The compressor power is

5 kg 1 min
W c =m ( h2 −h1 ) W c = ( )(
min 60 sec )
( 418.928−392.28 ) W c =2.221 kW
b The refrigerating capacity is

Q¿ =m ( h 1−h4 ) ( 5minkg )( 2111tonkJ ) ( 392.28−238.91)

Q¿ =
Q¿ =3.364 tons
min

c The coefficient of performance is

h −h 392.28−238.91
COP= 1 4 = COP=5.755
h2−h1 418.928−392.28
9 bar
T3=32°C

4 Refrigerant 22 enters the compressor of an ideal vapor-compression refrigeration

Valve

system as saturated vapor at -40°C with a volumetric flow rate of 15 m 3/min. The
Expansion

refrigerant leaves the condenser at 32°C, 9 bar. Determine

a) The compressor power, in kW.
b) The refrigerating capacity, in tons.
c) The coefficient of performance.

SCHEMATIC & GIVEN DATA:

3
32°C 2
9 bar

4 1
-40°C

h
Properties:

State 1

kJ kJ
T 1 =−40 ℃ ; h1=h g @−40 ℃=233.20 s 1=s2=s g @−40 ℃=1.0002
kg kg−K
m3 State 2
v 1=v g @−40℃=0.20575
kg

kJ
P2=Psat @32 ℃=1257.06 kPa h2=297.344
kg

State 3 & 4

kJ
T 3 =32℃ ; h 3=h 4=h f @32 ℃=83.83
kg

a) The mass flow rate is

 3
m
15
V1 min 1 min m
3
m= =
v1
0. 20575
(
m3 60 sec )
=1.215
sec
W c =m ( h2 −h1 )

kg
W c =1.215 ( 297.344−233.20 ) W c =77.939 kW

b) The refrigerating capacity is

1.215 kg 1ton
Q¿ =m ( h 1−h4 )
Q¿ = (
sec )( 3.517 kJ
) ( 233.20−83.83 )
Q¿ =51.602tons
sec

c) The coefficient of performance is

Q 181.485
COP= ¿ = COP=2.329
W c 77.939
 7 bar
T3=24°C
1.4 bar
ηc=0.67

m=6 kg/min
5 A vapor-compression refrigeration system circulates R-134a at a rate of 6 kg/min. e
T1=-10°C The refrigerant enters the compressor at -10°C, 1.4 bar, and exits at 7 bar. The
sion

isentropic compressor efficiency is 67%. There are no appreciable pressure

drops as the refrigerant flows through the condenser and evaporator. The
refrigerant leaves the condenser at 7 bar, 24°C. Ignoring the heat transfer
between the compressor and its surroundings, determine
a) The coefficient of performance
b) The refrigerating capacity, in tons
c) The rates of exergy destruction in the compressor and expansion valve, each
in kW
d) The changes in specific flow exergy of the refrigerant passing through the
evaporator and condenser, respectively, each in kJ/kg.

Let To=21°C, Po=1 bar.

SCHEMATIC & GIVEN DATA:

T
2
2s

3
24°C 7 bar
1.4 bar 1
4 -10°C

Properties:

State 1

kJ kJ
T 1 =−10 ° C ; P1=140 kPa ; h1=394.126 ; s 1=s2 s =1.76804 State 2
kg kg−K
*For isentropic compression

kJ
P2=700 kPa ; h2 s=430.036
kg

*Using the compressor efficiency,

 h2 s−h1 430.036−394.126 kJ kJ
η= 0.65= h2=449.372 ; s2=1.830
h2−h1 h2−394.126 kg kg−K

State 3

kJ kJ
P3=700 kPa ; T 3 =24 ° C ; h3 ≅h f @24 ° C=233.17 =h s 3 ≅ s f @ 24 ° C=1.11534
kg 4 kg−K

State 4

kJ
h4 =h f + x h fg x 4=0.2746 s 4 =1.13447
kg−K

a) The coefficient of performance is

h −h 394.126−233.17
COP= 1 4 = COP=2.913
h2−h1 449.372−394.126

b) The refrigerating capacity is

Q¿ =m ( h 1−h4 )
Q¿ =
6 kg
min ( )( 2111tonkJ ) ( 394.126−233.17 ) Q¿ =4.577 tons
min

c) Exergy destruction rate

*For the compressor
Eδcomp =T o σ comp=T o m ( s 2−s 1 ) Eδcomp =294 K ( 6minkg )( 601 min
sec )
( 1.830−1.76804 )
Eδcomp =¿