Prepared by: Muhammad Adil Jamil (20201-28273)

Cell: 0332-3561301 Email: muhammadadilj@yahoo.com

FB: https://www.facebook.com/madiljamil/

Comprehensive Examination 18th March, 2023

Finance:
Q.1 What short-term debts such as Bank to do Analysis of Balance sheet for loan considering
requests. Why should you consider an income statement for a company loan request reasoning?
Q.2 Calculate ratios of plumping company for years 2020 and 2021 of given financial
statements. Current ratio, Acid test ratio, Net profit margin, Debt/Equity Ratio, Total asset
turnover, Return on Investment?

HRM:
Two case study each have 4 questions.
Case study 1: Amazon Performance Management and Amazon's Workplace Culture.
1. Performance Appraisal Methods and Approaches.
2. What’s the Appraisal Method best fit for Amazon.
3. How to Overcome issues among top performance and poor 10% performance.
4. One way communication of Amazon Supervisor.
Case study 2: Costco’s Wholesale Compensation: An Analysis of Costco's Organizational
Culture and Human Resource Management
1. Performance appraisal
2. Compensation
3. Rewards
4. benefits

Marketing:
Case Study: KIA Car Indian market case study 7 pages competition frame marketing strategies,
chart, tables, sales forecast and comparison of year 2019, 2020 given.
Q 1. KIA Motors Competitive frame of reference, point of parity and difference of frame
reference.
Q 2. Marketing strategies for positioning of KIA in Indian car market.
My Preparation topics for Comprehensive Exam March 2023

Finance:
Compound Interest
Future Value
Pay Back Period
Ratio Analysis and Interpretation
WACC & their importance
IRR

Marketing:
Market Segmentation
Target Marketing
Positioning
Marketing skills and competencies

HRM:
Sexual discrimination/harassment
Age discrimination
Performance Management
Career Management
Employee Engagement
Comprehensive Examination (September 2022)

HRM: Case study

Aur HR mae employee engagement ki ayi thi k kya antecedents hayn, kya outcomes
hayn. Kya karna chahye kis kisko involve hona chahye.

Marketing: Very basic case study (Shiva dhaba)

Segmentation positioning aur loyalty ki

Finance:
1. Importance of WACC?
2. Future Value?
3. Ratio Analysis: Self-Assessment Ratio dakh kr, Company kasa Perform kr rahi ha?
4. 2 projects given & select 1 project based on Payback Period?
5. IRR?
6. Compound interest Question

Comprehensive Examination (March 2022)

Finance:
Compound Interest
Future Value
Pay Back period
Ratio Analysis
WACC

Marketing:
Market Segmentation
Target Marketing
Positioning
Marketing skills and competencies

HR:
Sexual discrimination/harassment
Age discrimination
Performance Management
Career Management
Comprehensive Examination Study Notes:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/13Ojor5swyT2zjJWGZW3QJ1Z308
iT6HFa
Students FB Comments:
*Easy - for HR and Marketing you’ll get case studies and you’ll have to just put in every
concept like 4ps, brand extension, brand equity, hr role, departments integrations,
basically whatever you’ve studied basics.
Finance if not an elective don’t need to pass but Compre for finance is ratio analysis
true and false with reasoning.
NPV - Roi - ratios and all
For finance review FM (Ratios, IRR, PI, PV, NPV CAPM)
HR & Marketing
will be case study based so they’ll be very easy !
Don’t panic and attempt everything !

*Finance do practice Ratios (like current ratio, inventory turnover etc), calculation
of NPV IRR, payback period, present value future value formulas.

https://www.investopedia.com/articles/fundamental/03/061103.asp

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/discounted-payback-period.asp

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/valuation/internal-rate-return-irr/

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/valuation/net-present-value-npv/

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofcapital.asp

https://www.slideshare.net/varshanihanthlade/99700905-costofcapitalsolvedproblems

https://books.google.mw/books?id=KN6PqQMnFBAC&printsec=copyright&rview=1&source=gbs_pub_in
fo_r#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://www.case48.com/case-analysis/12750-Shiva-Tourist-Dhaba-Managing-Customer-Loyalty

https://embapro.com/frontpage/casestudysolution/12750-dhaba-shiva

https://embapro.com/frontpage/marketingstrategyanalysis/12750-dhaba-shiva

https://www.essaypandas.com/case/12750-Shiva-Tourist-Dhaba-Managing-Customer-Loyalty-Corporate-
Social-Responsibility

http://fernfortuniversity.com/hbr/marketing/strategy/12750-shiva-tourist-dhaba--managing-cust.php

https://peachyessay.com/sample-essay/hr-role-managing-sexual-harassment-workplace/

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01400/full

Marketing: https://www.slideshare.net/AsadKlair/developing-marketing-strategies-and-plans-
61825861?from_action=save
Finance:
Compound Interest
the interest you earn on interest.
A = P [(1 + i)n – 1]
Future Value
The value of a current asset at a future date based on an assumed rate of growth.
Pay Back Period
The term payback period refers to the amount of time it takes to recover the cost of an
investment.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mxj5wdY5B2E

Ratio Analysis and Interpretation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZZFBkbC2lA
Ratio analysis is a quantitative method of gaining insight into a company's liquidity, operational
efficiency, and profitability by studying its financial statements such as the balance sheet and
income statement. financial health
Compare 2 years companies’ ratios.
The price-to-earnings ratio compares a company's share price to its earnings per share.
Current Ratio
The current ratio is a liquidity ratio that measures a company’s ability to pay short-term
obligations or those due within one year.
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/accounting/current-ratio-formula/
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
CR = 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠

Inventory Turnover
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
INV T/O = 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦
OR
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐺𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑠 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑑
INV T/O = 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦

Inventory turnover is a financial ratio showing how many times a company turned over
its inventory relative to its cost of goods sold (COGS) in a given period.
Net Profit
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/net_margin.asp
The net profit margin, or simply net margin, measures how much net income or profit is
generated as a percentage of revenue.

𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒
PM = 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
Fixed Assets turnover
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
FATO = 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
The fixed asset turnover ratio (FAT) is, in general, used by analysts to measure operating
performance.
WACC & their importance
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) represents a firm’s average after-tax cost of
capital from all sources, including common stock, preferred stock, bonds, and other forms of
debt. WACC is the average rate that a company expects to pay to finance its assets.
WACC is a common way to determine required rate of return (RRR)
WACC is also important when analyzing the potential benefits of taking on projects or acquiring
another business. For example, if the company believes that a merger will generate a return
higher than its cost of capital, then it’s likely a good choice for the company. If its management
anticipates a return lower than what their own investors are expecting, then they’ll want to put
their capital to better use.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/w/wacc.asp
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46oLXwClvkw
IRR
The internal rate of return (IRR) is a metric used in financial analysis to estimate the
profitability of potential investments. IRR is a discount rate that makes the net present value
(NPV) of all cash flows equal to zero in a discounted cash flow analysis.
calculating an investment’s rate of return
NPV
Net present value (NPV) is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the
present value of cash outflows over a period of time. NPV is used in capital budgeting and
investment planning. NPV, or net present value, is how much an investment is worth throughout
its lifetime, discounted to today’s value. The formula for NPV is often used in investment
banking and accounting to determine if an investment, project, or business will be profitable in
the long run.

Evaluating projects mutually exclusive projects having unequal lives – two approaches
i.e., replacement chain method, and equivalent annual annuities (EAA) method.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYj-vUJFYz0
Marketing:
Market Segmentation
Subset markets, specific product according to market.
The process of dividing the market into subsets of customers who share common characteristics
such as age, income, personality traits, behavior, interests, needs or location.
Market segmentation allows companies to tailor their services, products, or marketing to the
specific needs of their target group. Segmentation is the process of dividing a company's target
market into groups of potential customers with similar needs and behaviors.
Targeting.
Target marketing is a marketing strategy that breaks a market into segments and then
concentrates your marketing efforts on one or a few key segments consisting of the customers
whose needs and desires most closely match your product or service offerings.
Market needs, cheap product what type of people.
Positioning
Brand Image product, consumer mind.
A strategic exercise we use to establish the image of a brand or product in a consumer's mind.
It determines to a large extent what customers perceive is being offered to them.
This is achieved through the four Ps: promotion, price, place, and product.
Marketing skills and competencies.
Unique upper hand skills digital marketing
product, price, place, and promotion—used when marketing a product or service. Typically,
businesses consider the four P’s when creating marketing plans and strategies to effectively
market to their target audience.
4P’s
Product, place, price, and promotion. marketing mix
Consumer Behavior
Rational appeal, facts & figures. Emotional, ISO certified.
The study of how people make purchase decisions to satisfy their needs, wants, or desires and
how their emotional, mental, and behavioral responses influence the buying decision.
These factors are namely Psychological, Social, Cultural, Personal, and Economic factors.
Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities
associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services. Consumer behaviour
consists of how the consumer's emotions, attitudes, and preferences affect buying behaviour.
Complex-buying behavior, dissonance-reducing buying behavior, habitual buying behavior,
and variety-seeking buying behavior.
Customer Buying Behavior.
Sale, Price, Brand Image, Quality, 1st time Walmart. Product availability, Parking, and Cheap.

HR:
Sexual discrimination/harassment
Discrimination occurs when an employee or a candidate is treated unfairly based on their
age, race, ethnicity, religion, disability or gender. These characteristics are protected by law
and it is illegal to deny employment opportunities based on these grounds.
There are four main types of discrimination: Direct discrimination, indirect discrimination,
harassment and victimisation.
They will carefully look at the evidence and refer to the companies' anti-harassment or
workplace policies.

Sexual harassment can consist of the following acts:

- Generalized gender-based remarks, including making comments regarding someone’s sexual
orientation or preferred gender pronouns.

- Unwanted physical contact, such as touching, grabbing, brushing up against another person, or
blocking movement.

- Verbal, written, or virtual obscene comments.

- Sexual propositions in the form of letters, emails, texts, and gestures.

Age discrimination
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) forbids age discrimination against people
who are age 40 or older. Age discrimination is where you're treated unfairly because of your age
or because you're part of a particular age group.
Performance Management
An ongoing, continuous process of communicating and clarifying job responsibilities, priorities,
performance expectations, and development planning that optimize an individual's performance
and aligns with organizational strategic goals. Performance Management Helps to Boost
Employee Engagement and Productivity.
Career Management
It is a continuing process that allows you to adapt to the changing demands of our dynamic
economy. The career management process embraces various concepts: Self-awareness, career
development planning/career exploration, life-long learning, and networking. Career
management helps fulfill your intrinsic needs and personal goals by helping you recognize and
work toward your career objectives.
Employee Engagement
Employee engagement is the extent to which employees feel passionate about their jobs, are
committed to the organization, and put discretionary effort into their work.
Employee engagement is the strength of the mental and emotional connection employees feel
toward the work they do, their teams, and their organization.
By Hussam Uddin Collections:
Finance:
Compound Interest: When you earn interest on both your initial investment and the interest it has
accumulated over time. For example, if you invest $100 at a 10% annual interest rate, you will earn $10 in
interest at the end of the first year, and your new balance will be $110. In the second year, you will earn
10% interest on the $110 balance, which equals $11. So, at the end of the second year, your balance will
be $121. This is because the interest earned in the first year ($10) was added to your initial investment
($100) and earned interest in the second year.
Future Value: The value of an investment at a future point in time, based on an assumed growth rate.
Future value can be calculated by using the initial investment amount, the interest rate, and the number of
compounding periods.
Payback Period: The length of time it takes for an investment to generate enough cash flow to recover its
initial cost. The payback period is calculated by dividing the initial investment by the annual cash flow
generated by the investment.
Ratio Analysis and Interpretation: A way of evaluating a company's financial health by analyzing its
financial ratios, which are numerical relationships between different financial variables. For example, the
debt-to-equity ratio compares a company's debt to its equity, while the return on investment (ROI) ratio
compares a company's profits to its investments.
WACC & their importance: WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) is the average cost of all the
different types of capital (debt and equity) that a company uses to fund its operations. WACC is important
because it helps companies determine the minimum return they need to earn on their investments to
satisfy their investors.
IRR: Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is a way of measuring the profitability of an investment by calculating
the discount rate at which the net present value (NPV) of an investment equals zero. The IRR is a useful
tool for evaluating potential investments because it takes into account the time value of money.

Marketing:
Market Segmentation: The process of dividing a market into smaller groups of consumers with similar
needs or characteristics. Market segmentation helps companies tailor their marketing efforts to specific
groups of consumers, which can increase the effectiveness of their marketing campaigns.
Target Marketing: The process of selecting a specific group of consumers to focus marketing efforts on.
By targeting specific groups of consumers, companies can more effectively reach the consumers most
likely to be interested in their products or services.
Positioning: The process of creating a unique image or identity for a product or service in the minds of
consumers. Effective positioning can help companies differentiate their products from their competitors'
products and increase consumer interest and loyalty.
Marketing skills and competencies: The skills and abilities that are required to be successful in a
marketing role. These can include skills like market research, communication, creativity, strategic
thinking, and data analysis.
HR:
Sexual discrimination/harassment: Unlawful treatment of an employee based on their sex or gender,
including unwelcome advances, comments, or physical contact. Sexual harassment is illegal and can
create a hostile work environment for employees.
Age discrimination: Unlawful treatment of an employee based on their age, including unfair treatment,
harassment, or dismissal. Age discrimination is illegal and can create a hostile work environment for
employees.
Performance Management: The process of setting goals, evaluating performance, and providing feedback
to employees to help them improve their job performance. Effective performance management can help
companies ensure that employees are working towards.
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