Internet Engineering Task Force Adam Roach

Internet Draft Ericsson Inc.

Category: Informational November 2000
Expires May 2001
<draft-roach-voip-ringtone-00.txt>

Ringback tones in SIP-Based Telephony

Status of this Memo

This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance

with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering

Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as
Internet-Drafts.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six

months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts
as reference material or cite them other than as "work in
progress".

The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at

http://www.ietf.org/ietf/lid-abstracts.txt

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http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html

This document is an individual submission to the IETF. Comments

should be directed to the authors.

Abstract

This document describes a mechanism by which an appropriate

ringback tone may be played to the calling party when the called
party's device is alerting. It is written specifcally to address
the case where the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is used to
initiate voice-over-IP calls. It also lists ringback
characteristics for several countries.

1. Introduction

In the current PSTN (public switched telephony network), users

expect to hear an appropriate ringback tone when contacting a
node in a foreign network. For example, when placing a call from
the United States to Sweden, a Swedish ringback tone is heard by
the caller.

Further, it is currently possible that calls terminating on a PBX

 exchange receive special ringback tones which are distinct from
those used by the PSTN in the country in which the PBX resides.

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In order to ease the transition from standard circuit-switched

telephony to voice-over-IP telephony, it is desirable that, when
feasable, user experience remains largely the same. In the case
of providing an appropriate ringback tone, doing so is quite
trivial.

This document defines two extension headers to SIP [1] to allow

such behavior. The first, "Country," specifies the country in
which the called party is located. The second, "Ringback," allows
the called party to give an specific frequency and cadence for
the ringback tone. Both headers are expected to be included only
in "180 Ringing" responses to "INVITE" requests.

2. Client Handling

If a SIP UAS (called party) wishes to suggest that a specific

ringback tone be played to the calling party, it may include one
or both of the "Country" or "Ringback" headers (defined below) in
its "180 Ringing" responses to "INVITE" requests. For robust
operation, it is strongly recommended that UASs wishing to use
this extension include both headers.

UACs (calling party agents) may elect to implement either or both

of the "Ringback" and "Country" headers (although, for robustness
sake, are encouraged to implement both). Note that low-memory
embedded devices may not have the luxury of storing ringtone
information for scores of countries; similarly, many clients may
choose not to parse out the slightly more complicated "Ringback"
syntax and instead opt to use the "Country" header exclusively.

When a UAC (calling party) understanding either or both of the

"Country" and "Ringback" headers receives them in a "180 Ringing"
message, it can use them to generate an approprite ringback tone
for the calling user. In the case that only a "Country" header is
present, the ringback tone is that defined in section 4. When a
"Ringback" header is present, it will define a specific tone
(frequency and cadence) to be played to the calling user.

In the case that the UAC understands both headers, "Ringback" is

expected to take precedence over "Country." This allows the
definition of custom ringback tones (e.g. for special PBX
ringback).

It is suggested that nodes implementing the extension described

in this document also implement the "Reliability of Provisional
Responses in SIP" extension [6] ; this will ensure delivery of
the "180 Ringing" response.
2.1. New SIP headers

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This table expands on tables 4 and 5 in RFC 2543 [1] .

Header field where proxy ACK BYE CAN INV OPT REG
---------------------------------------------------------
Country 180 - - - o - -
Ringback 180 - - - o - -

2.1.1. SIP "Country" Header

The following SIP header is defined.

Country = "Country" ":" country-code

country-code = 2(lower-case)
lower-case = %x61-7a ; lowercase letters a-z

This header is used to convey which country-specific ringback

tone is to be presented to the calling party. The defined values
for "country-code" and their corresponding ringback tone
definitions are given in section 4.

Note that the "Country" header may be generally useful in other

situations which are outside the scope of this document. Draft
authors are encouraged to reuse the "Country" header where
appropriate. The syntax and accepted values (based on ISO 3166
[3] and the IANA TLD list [2] ) are expected remain the largely
the same, with the possible addition of parameters when needed
(e.g. "Country: gb;subdivision=sct").

2.1.2. SIP "Ringback" Header

The following SIP header is defined.

Ringback = "Ringback" ":" frequency ";" cadence

frequency = 1*DIGIT [("x" | "+") 1*DIGIT]
cadence = duration ";" duration *(";" duration ";" duration)
duration = 1*DIGIT ["." 1*DIGIT]

When present, this header gives a specific definition of the

ringback tone to be played for the calling party.

The "frequency" parameter specifies the tone to be played. All

frequency numbers represent a sine-wave frequency in hertz.

If the frequency paremeter contins a single number, it represents

a pure tone to be played. If a frequency of the format "f1 + f2"
 is specified, both frequencies f1 and f2 should be played

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simultaneously to generate the tone. If a frequency of the format

"f1 x f2" is speficied, the frequency f1 should be modulated by
the frequency f2 to generate the tone.

The remaining numbers in the "Ringback" header represent the

cadence at which the tone is to be played. There must always be
an even number of cadence parameters; clients receiving an odd
number of cadence parameters are expected to ignore the
"Ringback" header as malformed. The first cadence parameter is a
decimal duration, in seconds, for which the tone is to be played.
The second parameter is a duration, in seconds, which should be
paused before playing the tone again. Third and subsequent
parameters specify additional on/off periods for the tone. All
ringtone patterns repeat.

2.2. Alternate Handling

If no "Country" or "Ringback" header is present, clients

implementing this extension may choose to make an intellegent
guess about the called party's country.

If the "180 Ringing" message contains a "Contact" header using a

symbolic name (i.e. resolvable by DNS), the client takes note of
the top-level-domain of this contact address for the processing
described below. If the "Contact" header contains an IP address,
the client may attempt to perform a DNS lookup on this IP address
to determine the top-level-domain for its preferred name.

If a top-level-domain could not be determined from the "Contact"

header, the same series of steps is applied to the address in the
"To" header.

If a country-specific top-level-domain can be determined via the

steps above, the client will play the ringtone matching this
country (as if it had been specified in a "Country" header). Note
that the country-specific top-level-domain "uk" should be treated
the same as "gb."

If a non-country-specific top-level-domain is determined, it is

suggested that the client play one of: the ringback tone local to
the calling party, North American ringback tone (see section
4.165. ), or a generic ringback tone meeting the requirements
described in ITU-T E.180 [4] (e.g. 425 Hz at a cadence of 1
second on, 4 seconds off). It would be appropriate to allow the
user to select between these three modes of operation to suit
personal preferences.

3. Proxy Handling
 No special proxy handling is required by this extension.

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4. Ringtone Characteristics by Country

This section provides a reference for relevant information about

a number of countries. "Code" is the two-letter "country-code"
token to be used in the "Country:" header. "Frequency" describes
the frequency/frequencies which compose(s) the ringback tone, and
the remaining information describes the cadence of the ringback
tone.

The two-letter country codes in this section are largely aligned

which those published in ISO 3166 [3] , with some minor additions
from the IANA document "Root-Zone Whois Information" [2] for
practical considerations.

The ringback tones and cadences are beleived to be the most

common form of ringback tone in the associated country, as
published in Suppliment 2 to ITU-T E.180 [5] .

4.1. Albania

Code: al
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.2. Algeria

Code: dz
Frequency: 25 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.3. Angola

Code: ao
Frequency: 25 Hz
- 1 second on
- 5 seconds off

4.4. Anguilla

Code: ai
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.5. Antigua And Barbuda

 Code: ag

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Frequency: 440 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.6. Argentina

Code: ar
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.7. Aruba

Code: aw
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.8. Ascension

Code: ac
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1 second on
- 3 seconds off

4.9. Australia

Code: au
Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 17 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.10. Austria

Code: at
Frequency: 420 Hz
- 1 second on
- 5 seconds off

4.11. Bahamas

Code: bs
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.12. Bahrain
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Code: bh
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.13. Barbados

Code: bb
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.14. Belarus

Code: by
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.8 seconds on
- 3.2 seconds off

4.15. Belgium

Code: be
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 3 seconds off

4.16. Benin

Code: bj
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.17. Bermuda

Code: bm
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.18. Bhutan

Code: bt
Frequency: 400 Hz + 25 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
 - 2.6 seconds off

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4.19. Botswana

Code: bw
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.20. Brazil

Code: br
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.21. British Indian Ocean Territory

Code: io
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1 second on
- 3 seconds off

4.22. British Virgin Islands

Code: vg
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.23. Brunei Darussalam

Code: bn
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.3 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.24. Bulgaria

Code: bg
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 9 seconds off

4.25. Burkina Faso

 Code: bf

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Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.26. Burundi

Code: bi
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.7 seconds on
- 3.3 seconds off

4.27. Cameroon

Code: cm
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.7 seconds on
- 3.3 seconds off

4.28. Canada

Code: ca
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.29. Cayman Islands

Code: ky
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.30. Central African Rep.

Code: cf
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.7 seconds on
- 3.3 seconds off

4.31. Channel Islands: Jersey

Code: je
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.32. Chile
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Code: cl
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 1 second on
- 3 seconds off

4.33. China

Code: cn
Frequency: 450 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.34. Comoros

Code: km
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.71 seconds on
- 3.31 seconds off

4.35. Costa Rica

Code: cr
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.2 seconds on
- 4.6 seconds off

4.36. Cote D'Ivoire

Code: ci
Frequency: 50 Hz
- 1.66 seconds on
- 3.33 seconds off

4.37. Croatia

Code: hr
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.38. Cuba

Code: cu
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.39. Cyprus
 Code: cy

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Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3 seconds off

4.40. Czech Rep.

Code: cz
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.41. Denmark

Code: dk
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.42. Djibouti

Code: dj
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.43. Dominica

Code: dm
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.44. Dominican Rep.

Code: do
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2.2 seconds off

4.45. Ecuador

Code: ec
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.2 seconds on
- 4.65 seconds off

4.46. Egypt
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Code: eg
Frequency: 425 Hz modulated with 50 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 1 second off

4.47. El Salvador

Code: sv
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.2 seconds on
- 5 seconds off

4.48. Estonia

Code: ee
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.49. Ethiopia

Code: et
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.50. Falkland Islands

Code: fk
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off

4.51. Faroe Islands

Code: fo
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.52. Fiji

Code: fj
Frequency: 133 Hz modulated with 16 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off
4.53. Finland

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Code: fi
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.54. France

Code: fr
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.55. French Polynesia

Code: pf
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.56. Gabon

Code: ga
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3 seconds off

4.57. Gambia

Code: gm
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.58. Germany

code: de
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.25 seconds on
- 4 seconds off
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.59. Ghana

Code: gh
Frequency: 400 Hz
 - 1 second on

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- 4 seconds off

4.60. Gibraltar

Code: gi
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.61. Greece

Code: gr
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.62. Greenland

Code: gl
Frequency: 445 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.63. Grenada

Code: gd
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.64. Guadeloupe

Code: gp
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.65. Guiana

Code: gf
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.66. Guinea

Code: gn
 Frequency: 450 Hz

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- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off

4.67. Guyana

Code: gy
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.75 seconds on
- 3.25 seconds off

4.68. Honduras

Code: hn
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 0.5 seconds on
- 4 seconds off
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.69. Hongkong

Code: hk
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 3 seconds off

4.70. Hungary

Code: hu
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.2 seconds on
- 3.7 seconds off

4.71. Iceland

Code: is
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.2 seconds on
- 4.7 seconds off

4.72. India

Code: in
Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 25 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
 - 2.6 seconds off

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4.73. Indonesia

Code: id
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.74. Iran

Code: ir
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.75. Iraq

Code: iq
Frequency: 400 Hz
- CONTINUOUS

4.76. Ireland

Code: ie
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.77. Israel

Code: il
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 1 second on
- 3 seconds off

4.78. Italy

Code: it
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.79. Jamaica

Code: jm
Frequency: 440 Hz modulated with 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
 - 4 seconds off

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4.80. Japan

Code: jp
Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 16 Hz
- 1 second on
- 2 seconds off

4.81. Jordan

Code: jo
Frequency: 420 Hz modulated with 40 Hz
- 1.2 seconds on
- 4.8 seconds off

4.82. Kenya

Code: ke
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off
- 1 second on
- 2 seconds off
- 1 second on
- 5 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off

4.83. Kiribati

Code: ki
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.84. Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)

Code: kp
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 1 second on
- 2 seconds off

4.85. Korea (Republic of)

Code: kr
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 1 second on
 - 2 seconds off

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4.86. Kuwait

Code: kw
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.87. Kyrgyzstan

Code: kg
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.8 seconds on
- 3.2 seconds off

4.88. Lao

Code: la
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.89. Lebanon

Code: lb
Frequency: 435 Hz
- 1.2 seconds on
- 4.4 seconds off

4.90. Liberia

Code: lr
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.91. Lithuania

Code: it
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.8 seconds on
- 3.2 seconds off

4.92. Luxembourg

Code: lu
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off
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4.93. Macau

Code: mo
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.94. Madagascar

Code: mg
Frequency: 25 Hz
- 1.66 seconds on
- 3.33 seconds off

4.95. Malawi

Code: mw
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.96. Malaysia

Code: my
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.97. Maldives

Code: mv
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.98. Mali

Code: ml
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.7 seconds on
- 3.3 seconds off

4.99. Malta

Code: mt
 Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz

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- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.100. Martinique

Code: mq
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.101. Mauritania

Code: mr
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.102. Mauritius

Code: mu
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.103. Mayotte

Code: yt
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.104. Mexico

Code: mx
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.105. Moldova

Code: md
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.8 seconds on
- 3.2 seconds off

4.106. Montserrat
 Code: ms

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Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz

- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.107. Morocco

Code: mc
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.66 seconds on
- 3.33 seconds off

4.108. Mozambique

Code: mz
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 1 second on
- 5 seconds off

4.109. Namibia

Code: na
Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 33 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.110. Nauru

Code: nr
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.111. Nepal

Code: np
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.1 seconds on
- 3.1 seconds off

4.112. Netherlands

Code: nl
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.113. New Caledonia

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Code: nc
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.114. New Zealand

Code: nz
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.115. Niger

Code: ne
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.7 seconds on
- 3.3 seconds off

4.116. Nigeria

Code: ng
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.117. Norway

Code: no
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.118. Oman

Code: om
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.119. Pakistan

Code: pk
Frequency: 450 Hz
- 1 second on
 - 4 seconds off

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4.120. Panama

Code: pa
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.2 seconds on
- 4.65 seconds off

4.121. Papua New Guinea

Code: pg
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.122. Paraguay

Code: py
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.123. Philippines

Code: ph
Frequency: 450 Hz
- 1 second on
- 10 seconds off

4.124. Poland

Code: pl
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.125. Portugal

Code: pt
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 1 second on
- 5 seconds off

4.126. Qatar

Code: qa
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
 - 0.4 seconds on

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- 0.2 seconds off

- 0.4 seconds on
- 2.2 seconds off

4.127. Reunion

Code: re
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.128. Romania

Code: ro
Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 16 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.129. Russia

Code: ru
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.8 seconds on
- 3.2 seconds off

4.130. Rwanda

Code: rw
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.7 seconds on
- 3.3 seconds off

4.131. St Helena

Code: sh
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off

4.132. St Kitts And Nevis

Code: kn
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.133. St Lucia

Code: lc
 Frequency: 425 Hz

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- 0.375 seconds on
- 0.25 seconds off
- 0.375 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.134. St Pierre And Miquelon

Code: pm
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.135. St Vincent And The Grenadines

Code: vc
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
- 0.2 seconds on
- 0.4 seconds off

4.136. San Marino

Code: sm
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.137. Sao Tome And Principe

Code: st
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 5 seconds off

4.138. Saudi Arabia

Code: sa
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.2 seconds on
- 4.6 seconds off

4.139. Senegal

Code: sn
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 1.7 seconds on
- 3.3 seconds off

4.140. Seychelles
 Code: sc

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Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.141. Sierra Leone

Code: sl
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.142. Singapore

Code: sg
Frequency: 425 Hz modulated with 24 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.143. Slovakia

Code: sk
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.144. Slovenia

Code: si
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.145. Solomon

Code: sb
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off

4.146. South Africa

Code: za
Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 33 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
 - 0.4 seconds on

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- 2 seconds off

4.147. Spain

Code: es
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3 seconds off

4.148. Sri Lanka

Code: lk
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off

4.149. Suriname

Code: sr
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 15 seconds on
- 0.5 seconds off

4.150. Swaziland

Code: sz
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.151. Sweden

Code: se
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 5 seconds off

4.152. Switzerland

Code: ch
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.153. Syria

Code: sy
 Frequency: 425 Hz

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- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.154. Tajikistan

Code: tj
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 0.8 seconds on
- 3.2 seconds off

4.155. Tanzania

Code: tz
Frequency: 400 Hz
- CONTINUOUS

4.156. Thailand

Code: th
Frequency: 400 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.157. Trinidad And Tobago

Code: tt
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.158. Tunisia

Code: tn
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1.2 seconds on
- 4.6 seconds off

4.159. Turkey

Code: tr
Frequency: 450 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.160. Turkmenistan

Code: tm
Frequency: 25 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
 - 4 seconds off

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4.161. Turks And Caicos Islands

Code: tc
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.162. Uganda

Code: ug
Frequency: 133 Hz + 17 Hz
- 0.25 seconds on
- 0.5 seconds off
- 0.25 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.163. United Arab Emirates

Code: ae
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.164. United Kingdom

Code: gb
Frequency: 400 Hz + 450 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
- 0.4 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.165. United States

Code: us
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off

4.166. United States Virgin Islands

Code: vi
Frequency: 440 Hz + 480 Hz
- 2 seconds on
- 4 seconds off
4.167. Uruguay

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Code: uy
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.168. Vanuatu

Code: vu
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.169. Wallis And Futuna

Code: wf
Frequency: 440 Hz
- 1.5 seconds on
- 3.5 seconds off

4.170. Western Samoa

Code: ws
Frequency: 425 Hz modulated with 25 Hz
- 0.375 seconds on
- 0.25 seconds off
- 0.375 seconds on
- 2 seconds off

4.171. Yugoslavia

Code: yu
Frequency: 450 Hz modulated with 25 Hz
- 1 second on
- 9 seconds off

4.172. Zambia

Code: zm
Frequency: 425 Hz
- 1 second on
- 4 seconds off

4.173. Zimbabwe

Code: zw
Frequency: 400 Hz modulated with 450 Hz
- 0.4 seconds on
- 0.2 seconds off
 - 0.4 seconds on

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- 2 seconds off

5. Example Messages

This section provides a collection of SIP messages which

demonstrate the various uses of the "Country:" and "Ringback:"
headers.

5.1. Dual-Tone Ringback

This is an example of how a message might look for a standard

two-tone ringback. In this example, both a country code of "us"
and the standard US ringtone are specified.

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

To: <sip:adam.roach@ericsson.com>
From: <sip:ake.svensson@ericsson.se>;tag=012345
Call-ID: cmk2109fj@ws17.ericsson.se
CSeq: 397 INVITE
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP fw.ericsson.se
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ws17.ericsson.se
Country: us
Ringback: 440+480;2;4
Content-Length: 0

5.2. Modulated Ringback

This is almost identical to the previous example, with the

exception that Australian ringback is being provided. This
demonstrates the syntax for modulated ringback tones.

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

To: <sip:bruce@ericsson.com.au>
From: <sip:adam.roach@ericsson.com>;tag=34789a
Call-ID: 13098jv@b04a24.ericsson.com
CSeq: 32849 INVITE
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP b04a24.ericsson.com
Country: au
Ringback: 400x17;0.4;0.2;0.4;2
Content-Length: 0

5.3. Continuous Ringtone

Some localities provide an continuous ringtone, which indicates

that there is no pause in the tone whatsoever. The suggested
syntax for encoding such a ringtone is to provide an "off" period
of 0.
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SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

To: <sip:sjk@pc.tz>
From: <sip:adam.roach@ericsson.com>;tag=39835afe
Call-ID: ckn9q23k@b04a24.ericsson.com
CSeq: 3249786 INVITE
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP b04a24.ericsson.com
Country: tz
Ringback: 400;1;0
Content-Length: 0

5.4. No "Ringback" specified

This is an example of a message which specifies no particular

ringtone pattern. If the calling party client understands the
country code of "gb," it will provide the proper ringback tone;
otherwise, it will provide default handling.

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

To: <sip:ebm@company.co.uk>
From: <sip:adam.roach@ericsson.com>;tag=1987
Call-ID: 1358fjslk83la0@b04a24.ericsson.com
CSeq: 985325 INVITE
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP b04a24.ericsson.com
Country: gb
Content-Length: 0

5.5. Special PBX double-ring ringback

This message gives an example in which the default ringtone for

the country should be overridden (e.g. because the call has
terminated on a PBX). The "Country" header is still provided so
that clients not implementing the "Ringback" header can still
provided a regionalised dialtone.

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

To: <sip:adam.roach@ericsson.com>
From: <sip:ake.svensson@ericsson.se>;tag=012345
Call-ID: cmk2109fj@ws17.ericsson.se
CSeq: 397 INVITE
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP fw.ericsson.se
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ws17.ericsson.se
Country: us
Ringback: 440+480;0.5;0.5;1;4
Content-Length: 0

5.6. Custom-defined ringback

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This message gives an example in which the specific ringback tone

has been provided, but no country. Clients not implementing the
"Ringback" header will treat this as a normal "Ringing" message.

SIP/2.0 180 Ringing

To: <sip:adam.roach@ericsson.com>
From: <sip:ake.svensson@ericsson.se>;tag=012345
Call-ID: cmk2109fj@ws17.ericsson.se
CSeq: 397 INVITE
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP fw.ericsson.se
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP ws17.ericsson.se
Ringback: 350;0.2;0.2;0.2;4
Content-Length: 0

6. References

[1] M. Handley/H. Schulzrinne/E. Schooler/J. Rosenberg, "SIP:

Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 2543, IETF; March 1999.

[2] "Root-Zone Whois Information,"

http://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm, IANA.

[3] "Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries," ISO

3166, ISO; 1993

[4] "Technical Characteristics of Tones for the Telephone

Service," ITU-T E.180, ITU; 1993

[5] "Various Tones Used in National Networks," ITU-T E.180

Suppliment 2, ITU; January 1994

[6] J. Rosenberg/H. Schulzrinne, "Reliability of Provisional

Responses in SIP," draft-ietf-sip-100rel-02.txt, IETF; June
2000. Work in progress.

7. Security Considerations

Note that user location (including information as broad as

"country") may be considered private information. As such, the
user should have direct control over the presence and value of
the "Country:" header.

8. Author's Address

Adam Roach
Ericsson Inc.
Mailstop L-04
851 International Pkwy.
 Richardson, TX 75081

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USA
Phone: +1 972-583-7594
Fax: 972-669-0154
E-Mail: adam.roach@ericsson.com
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