Founded in 1915 Volume 161 Number 5 May 2022

Copyright Ó 2022 by the American Association of Orthodontists

CONTENTS
COVER
On the cover: Asymmetry of the lips is often one of the chief complaints of orthognathic
patients, especially those with Class III malocclusion. Xu and colleagues at the
Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, aimed to
investigate the changes in lip symmetry in patients with mandibular prognathism and
deviation and the relationships between jaw hard tissue and lip soft tissue changes.
Three-dimensional facial scan and cone-beam computed tomography scan data of 30
orthodontic-orthognathic patients treated with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy
were combined to conduct the research. The isolated mandibular bilateral sagittal split
ramus osteotomy surgery can substantially improve lip asymmetry in patients with
mandibular prognathism and deviation, but was accompanied by lengthening of the
bilateral philtrum crests.
The smiling patient on the cover is Brendan Fletcher. He was treated orthodontically by
Dr. Jing Zhou, Johns Island, SC.

EDITORIAL
Lifetime Achievement Award in Orthodontic Research, 2022 611
Rolf G. Behrents, St Louis, Mo

READERS' FORUM
Dental arch changes after open bite treatment with spurs associated with posterior 614
build ups
Thirunavukkarasu Ramanathan and Aarthi Vadivel, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India

Authors’ response 614

Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo, Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira, Lorena Vilanova, Felicia Miranda,
Camilia Massaro, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guill
en, Daniela Garib, and Guilherme Janson, Bauru,
Brazil, and Lima, Per

u

Stability is determined when the patient stops wearing retainers 615

Dan Counihan, Tralee, Ireland

Authors’ response 616

Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo, Luciano Soldevilla, Marcelo Vinicius Valerio,
Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira, Lorena Vilanova, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guill
en, and
Guilherme Janson, Lima, Per
u, and Bauru, Brazil

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American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics/May 2022

 CONTENTS continued

ETHICS IN ORTHODONTICS
What’s going on? 618
Peter M. Greco, Philadelphia, Pa

SPECIAL ARTICLE
Are clear aligners environment friendly? 619
Elbe Peter, Monisha J, and Suja Ani George, Kottayam, Kerala, India

ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Cephalometric evaluation of intrusion of maxillary posterior teeth by miniscrews in the 621
C treatment of open bite
E Leyla Cime Akbaydogan and Mehmet Akin, Alanya, Turkey

Three-dimensional analysis of the posttreatment displacements of mandibular 628

C anterior teeth with rigid and flexible lingual retainers
E Hajir Rahimi, David A. Albright, Jay A. Hughes, Vinicius Dutra, and Hakan Turkkahraman,
Indianapolis, Ind

Three-dimensional skeletal and dentoalveolar sagittal and vertical changes associated 638
with cantilever Herbst appliance in prepubertal patients with Class II malocclusion
Kamilla Leonardo Sangalli, Kamile Leonardi Dutra-Horstmann, Gisele Maria Correr,
Francielle Topolski, Carlos Flores-Mir, Manuel O. Lagravere, and Alexandre Moro, Curitiba and
Florianopolis, Brazil, and Edmonton, Canada

Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field in reducing treatment time: A clinical 652

investigation
Wasundhara Ashok Bhad (Patil), Professor and Head and Anchal Ashok Karemore, Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India

Cephalometric analysis of dental and skeletal effects of Carriere Motion 3D appliance 659
C for Class II malocclusion
E Lombardo Luca, Cervinara Francesca, Guiducci Daniela, Spedicato Giorgio Alfredo, and
Siciliani Giuseppe, Ferrara and Bologna, Italy

Three-dimensional evaluation of skeletal and dental effects of treatment with maxillary 666
C skeletal expansion
E Craig McMullen, Najla N. Al Turkestani, Antonio C. O. Ruellas, Camila Massaro,
Marcus V. N. N. Rego, Marilia S. Yatabe, Hera Kim-Berman, James A. McNamara, Jr,
Fernanda Angelieri, Lorenzo Franchi, Peter Ngan, Hong He, and Lucia H. S. Cevidanes, Ann Arbor,
Mich, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Rio de Janeiro, S~
ao Paulo, and Teresina, Brazil, Florence, Italy,
Morgantown, W Va, and Wuhan, China

Loads of continuous mechanics for uprighting the second molar on the second molar 679
and premolar
Wendel Minoro Muniz Shibasaki and Renato Parsekian Martins, Araraquara, S~
ao Paulo, Brazil

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics/May 2022

CONTENTS continued

Vitamin E enriched diet increases the rate of orthodontic tooth movement 687
Christina Seong, Po-Jung Chen, Zana Kalajzic, Shivam Mehta, Ambika Sharma, Ravindra Nanda,
Sumit Yadav, and Eliane H. Dutra, Farmington, Conn

Improved lip esthetics in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and facial e407
asymmetry after isolated mandibular orthognathic surgery
Wenjie Xu, Hao Tan, Xuehuan Meng, Yumei Huang, Li Cao, and Leilei Zheng, Chongqing, China

Eruption path of permanent maxillary canines after secondary alveolar bone graft in e416
patients with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate
Aura Sofia Caceres Manfio, Sunjay Suri, Annie Dupuis, and Kyle Stevens, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Cone-beam computed tomography and digital model analysis of maxillary buccal e429
alveolar bone thickness for vertical temporary skeletal anchorage device placement
Hai Van Giap, Ju Young Lee, Hieu Nguyen, Hwa Sung Chae, Young Ho Kim, and Jeong Won Shin,
Suwon, South Korea

Influence of lip form on the perceived ideal incisal show at rest e439
Chee Weng Yong, Li Xuan Lee, Jun Jie Lee, Jia Xi Lee, Wei Chun Koh, and Asher Ah Tong Lim,
Singapore

Altering calcium and phosphorus supplementation in pregnancy and lactation affects e446
offspring craniofacial morphology in a sex-specific pattern
Mohamed G. Hassan, Christopher Chen, Hanan A. Ismail, Abbas R. Zaher, Timothy C. Cox,
Alice F. Goodwin, and Andrew H. Jheon, St Louis and Kansas City, Mo, San Francisco, Calif, Seattle,
Wash, and Assiut and Alexandria, Egypt

Displacement and stress distribution of mandibular incisors after orthodontic e456

treatment in the presence of alveolar bone loss under occlusal loads: A finite element
analysis
Yunting Zeng, Liwei Xiao, and Xiao Yuan, Qingdao and Changsha, China

Comparison of zygoma plates and infrazygomatic crest miniscrews used open bite e466
treatment: A 3-dimensional finite element study
K€ubra Arslan Çarpar and T€
urkan Sezen Erhamza, Kırıkkale, Turkey

The impact of fixed orthodontic appliances and clear aligners on the oral microbiome e475
and the association with clinical parameters: A longitudinal comparative study
Bhumika Shokeen, Edward Viloria, Emily Duong, Masooma Rizvi, Guiselle Murillo, Joseph Mullen,
Baochen Shi, Marcia Dinis, Huiying Li, Nini Chaichanasakul Tran, Renate Lux, and Tingxi Wu,
Los Angeles, Calif, Buffalo, NY, and Cambridge, Mass

Posterior airways and orthognathic surgery: What really matters for successful e486
long-term results?
Lorenzo Trevisiol, Massimo Bersani, Giangiacomo Sanna, Riccardo Nocini, and
Antonio D'Agostino, Verona, Italy

A qualitative study of orthodontic patients’ experiences in quarantine during the e498

COVID-19 pandemic outbreak
Khaled Wafaie, Hisham Mohammed, Abdelrahman M. A. Mohamed, Jinshu Zhou, Ben Daniel, and
Qiao Yiqiang, Henan, China and Dunedin, New Zealand

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics/May 2022

 CONTENTS continued

DIGITAL ORTHODONTICS
Automated assessment of mandibular shape asymmetry in 3-dimensions 698
Yi Fan, Yungeng Zhang, Gui Chen, Wei He, Guangying Song, Harold Matthews, Peter Claes,
Yuru Pei, Hongbin Zha, Anthony Penington, Nicky Kilpatrick, Paul Schneider, Ruoping Jiang, and
Tianmin Xu, Beijing, China, Melbourne, Australia, and Leuven, Belgium

CASE REPORTS
Three-dimensional surgical management of a patient with Pruzansky I hemifacial 708
microsomia and severe facial asymmetry: A 4-year follow-up
Makram J. Ammoury, Naji Abou Chebel, and Anthony T. Macari, Beirut, Lebanon

Esthetic considerations in an orthodontic-orthognathic patient with Class III skeletal 727

malocclusion
Ejvis Lamani, Sondus A. Alkadri, Teti Christou, Jon Holmes, and Chung How Kau, Birmingham, Ala

CLINICIAN'S CORNER
A surgeon’s perspective on the uncorrected skeletal deformity. Part I: Unintended 739
consequences on facial structures and esthetic harmony
Saul M. Burk, Karina Charipova, Susan Orra, Patrick W. Harbour, Mark D. Mishu, and
Stephen B. Baker, Baltimore, Olney, and Rockville, Md, and Washington DC, and Columbus, Ohio

LITIGATION AND LEGISLATION

Ingress and egress 746
Laurance Jerrold, Woodbury, NY

STATISTICS AND RESEARCH DESIGN

Assessing the performance of diagnostic test accuracy measures 748
Sofia Tsokani, Areti Angeliki Veroniki, Nikolaos Pandis, and Dimitris Mavridis, Ioannina, Greece,
Toronto, Canada, Bern, Switzerland, and Paris, France

CONTINUING EDUCATION
Instructions 752

DIRECTORY: AAO OFFICERS AND ORGANIZATIONS 753

READER'S SERVICE
Information for authors—on the Internet, go to www.ajodo.org, For Authors, Author
Information

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics/May 2022