PROJECT ON

SEWAGE/SLUDGE TREATMENT PLANT

Submitted by : Adarsh kumar yadav

Roll NO : 2260002
Branch : Civil Engineering ( 2022-2026 )
Submitted TO : MANSOOR SIR
 SEWAGE/SLUDGE TREATMENT PLANT
Sewage treatment involves the systematic removal of impurities from wastewater,
encompassing both domestic sewage and runoff. This comprehensive process employs
physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms to eliminate various contaminants. The
ultimate goal is to generate a treated, environmentally safe liquid waste stream, known as
treated effluent, alongside a solid waste, or sludge, that is suitable for either disposal or
reuse, often as agricultural fertilizer.

BLW SPT Plant Waste Water Storage Capacity 12 MLD

Sewage treatment is the systematic elimination of pollutants from wastewater,

primarily originating from household sewage. This process involves a combination of
physical, chemical, and biological methods to effectively remove contaminants and
generate environmentally safer treated wastewater. As a byproduct of sewage
treatment, a semi-solid waste or slurry known as sewage sludge is often produced,
necessitating further treatment before it becomes suitable for disposal or land
application.

The term "sewage treatment plant," or in some regions, "sewage treatment works,"
has increasingly been replaced by the term "wastewater treatment plant" in
contemporary usage. Wastewater treatment can occur in close proximity to the
source, referred to as a "decentralized" or "on-site" system (utilizing methods like
septic tanks, biofilters, or aerobic treatment systems). Alternatively, a "centralized"
system involves collecting and transporting sewage through a network of pipes and
pump stations to a municipal treatment plant

ORIGIN OF SEWAGE WATER

Wastewater, commonly referred to as sewage, is produced by a range of establishments,
including residential, institutional, commercial, and industrial facilities. This encompasses
liquid waste from households, originating from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, and sinks,
which is directed into sewer systems. In numerous regions, sewage incorporates not only
domestic waste but also liquid waste generated by industrial and commercial activities. A
growing trend in the developed world involves the separation and channeling of household
waste into grey water and black water, with treated grey water often authorized for plant
irrigation or recycled for toilet flushing.

SEWAGE MIXING WITH RAINWATER

Sewage can encompass stormwater runoff or urban runoff. Sewerage systems designed to
manage both sewage and stormwater are termed combined sewer systems. This architectural
approach was prevalent during the initial establishment of urban sewerage systems in the
late 19th and early 20th centuries. However, it should be noted that combined sewers
necessitate treatment facilities that are considerably larger and more costly compared to
those employed for sanitary sewers.

INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT
In highly regulated industrialized nations, industrial effluent typically undergoes at
least preliminary treatment, if not comprehensive treatment, directly at the
manufacturing facilities. This is done to mitigate the pollutant load before
discharging into the sewer system. This practice is commonly known as industrial
wastewater treatment. Conversely, this level of treatment is not consistently observed
in many developing countries, where industrial effluent may be discharged into the
sewer system, if available, or directly into the receiving water body without prior
treatment.

Industrial wastewater often contains substances that cannot be effectively removed

through conventional sewage treatment methods. Additionally, the fluctuating flow
of industrial wastewater, influenced by production scale, can disrupt the established
dynamics of traditional treatment units, such as the activated sludge process.
In secondary treatment, dissolved and suspended biological matter is addressed through the
activities of indigenous waterborne microorganisms within a controlled environment. This
phase may involve the necessity of a separation process to eliminate these microorganisms
from the treated water before discharge, or it may proceed to tertiary treatment.

Tertiary treatment is occasionally defined as any process beyond primary and

secondary treatment, specifically implemented to enable discharge into extremely delicate or
vulnerable ecosystems such as estuaries, low-flow rivers, and coral reefs. The treated water
may undergo chemical or physical disinfection, such as through lagoons or microfiltration,
before being released into a stream, river, bay, lagoon, or wetland. Alternatively, it can serve
various purposes, including irrigation for golf courses, green spaces, or parks. If the treated
water meets sufficient cleanliness standards, it may also be utilized for groundwater recharge
or agricultural activities.
PROCESS STEP:
OVERVIEW

The collection and treatment of sewage are typically governed by local, state, and
federal regulations and standards. The overarching objective of wastewater
treatment is to generate an effluent that, when discharged into the environment,
causes minimal harm, thereby preventing pollution compared to the release of
untreated wastewater. Sewage treatment generally involves three stages, known as
primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment.

• Primary treatment entails temporarily holding sewage in a still basin, allowing heavy
solids to settle at the bottom, while oil, grease, and lighter solids float to the surface.
The separated materials are then removed, and the remaining liquid may either be
discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. In some sewage treatment plants
connected to combined sewer systems, there is a bypass arrangement after the
primary treatment unit. This means that during intense rainfall events, the secondary
and tertiary systems can be bypassed to protect them from hydraulic overloading,
with the mixture of sewage and stormwater only undergoing primary treatment.