Table of Contents

Elasticity

 Theory ........................................................................................................................................... 2

 Solved Examples .......................................................................................................................... 4

 Exercise - 1 : Basic Objective Questions ..................................................................................... 10

 Exercise - 2 : Previous Year JEE Mains Questions ...................................................................... 13

 Exercise - 3 : Advanced Objective Questions ............................................................................ 16

 Exercise - 4 : Previous Year Jee Advanced Questions ............................................................... 20

 Answer Key .................................................................................................................................. 22

ELASTICITY 2

Elasticity
1. ELASTICITY  The deforming force is measured (described) in terms of a
physical quantity, the stress, that it develops in the body.
1.1 Deforming Force and Restoring Force
 The deformation of the solid is described in terms of a
 Deforming force is the external force applied to a body physical quantity strain, that is created in the body as a
which tends to change the size or shape of the body. result of deformation force.
 Under the action of deforming force, a body opposes any 1.3 Hooke’s Law
change in its shape & size due to the net effect of internal
If the deforming forces are within a limit (known as elastic
(molecular) forces. The resulting force which opposes the
limit), the stress created in the body is proportional to the
deformation is known as restoring force.
resulting strain.
1.2 Elasticity i.e. stress  strain.
 The property of a body due to which it opposes the action
of the deforming forces is called Elasticity. stress
The ratio is known as modulus of Elasticity..
strain
 A material is said to be elastic if it returns back to its original
shape or size, when the deforming forces are removed. According to various types of stresses, we have
 Plastic materials on the other hand, remain permanently corresponding modulii of elasticity.
distorted when the deforming forces are removed. 1.4 Stress, Strain and Various Elastic Moduli

Type of stress Stress Strain Elastic Name of State of

modulus modulus Mater
FL
Longitudinal (Tensile or compressive) Two equal and opposite Elongation or Y Young’s Solid
AL
forces perpendicular to compression modulus
opposite faces (L/L)
= F/A)

x FL
Shearing Two equal and opposite tan   G Shear modulus Solid
L Ax
forces parallel to
opposite surfaces
( = F/A)

 PV
Hydraulic/volume Forces perpendicular Volume change B Bulk modulus Solid, liquid
V
everywhere to the (V/V) and gas
surface, force per unit
area (pressure) same
everywhere.
ELASTICITY 3

1.5 Stress-strain Curve Brittle material

The plastic region between E and C is small for brittle
If by gradually increasing the load on a vertically
material and it will break soon after the elastic limit is
suspended metal wire, a graph is plotted between stress
crossed.
(or load) and longitudinal strain (or elongation) we get the
curve as shown in figure. From this curve it is clear that : Ductile material
The material of the wire have a good plastic range and
such materials can be easily changed into different shapes
Breaking and can be drawn into thin wires.
strength
Elastomers
Elastic limit
P Stress strain curve is not a straight line within the elastic
limit for elastomers and strain produced is much larger
Stress

than the stress applied. Such materials have no plastic

range and the breaking point lies very close to elastic
O Strain limit. Example rubber.
(a) When the strain is small (< 2%) (i.e., in region OP)
1.6 Elastic Energy
 Stress is proportional to strain.
When an elastic body is defomed, work is done by the
 Hooke’s law is obeyed.
applied force. This work is stored as elastic potential energy
 The point P is called limit of proportionality and and is released when the body returns back to its original
 Slope of line OP gives the Young’s modulus of the material shape or size.
of the wire. Y = tan . Elastic energy stored per unit volume
(b) If the strain is increased a little bit (i.e., in the region PE)
1
 The stress is not proportional to strain. = (stress) (strain)
2
 The wire still regains its original length after the removal
of stretching force. 1 2
= (modulus of elasticity) (strain)
 Point E is known as elastic limit or yield–point. 2
 The region OPE represents the elastic behaviour of the material 2
1  stress 
of wire. =
2 modulus of elasticity
(c) If the wire is stretched beyond the elastic limit E (i.e.,
between EA)
 In the case of a longitudinal stress (compressive or tensile)
 the strain increases much more rapidly 2
Energy stored 1   
 if the stretching force is removed the wire does not come  Y 
volume 2   
back to its natural length. Some permanent increase in length
takes place. 1 YA 2 1
Total energy  .     F 
(d) If the stress is increased further, 2  2
 A very small increase in stress produces a very large 1.7 Poisson’s Ratio
increase in strain (region AB). When a rod or bar is subjected to a longitudinal stress, its
 After reaching point B, the strain increases even if the not only length changes but its transverse dimensions
wire is unloaded and ruptures at C. also change and thus giving rise to transverse or lateral
strain in additional to longitudinal strain.
 In the region BC the wire literally flows. The maximum
stress corresponding to B after which the wire begins to
flow and breaks is called breaking or tensile strength.
 The region EABC represents the plastic behaviour of the
material of wire.
 Stress-strain curve for different materials.
 ELASTICITY 4

b b / b
Transverse or lateral strain is 
b  / 
Negative sign is introduced to make  a positive quantity.
The ratio of transverse to longitudinal strain is termed as Since, an increase in length always results in a decrease in
Poisson’s ratio, . transverse dimensions and vice-versa.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
Example - 1
What is more elastic rubber or steel ? Explain. amount of strain in the bridge for a given stress will become
large and ultimately, the bridge may collapse. That is why
Sol. Consider two rods of rubber and steel each of length l and the bridges are declared unsafe after long use.
area of cross section a. Let Yr, Ys be the Young’s modulus of
elesticity or rubber and steel respectively. When a stretching Example - 5
force F is applied on each rod, let lr, ls be the extension in A metallic wire is stretched by suspending weight to it. If
the rubber rod and steel rod respectivley; where lr > ls  is the longitudinal strain and Y its Young’s modulus of
elasticity, show that the elastic potential energy per unit
F F  2
Then, Yr  and Ys  volume is given by Y  /2.
a  r a  s

Ys  r Sol. Stress = Young’s modulus × strain = Y × 


 Yr  s > 1 i.e. Ys > Yr Elastic potential energy per unit volume is
Therefore steel is more elastic the rubber. 1 1 1 2
u= × stress × strain = × Y  ×  = Y .
Example - 2 2 2 2
An elastic wire is cut to half its original length. How would Example - 6
it affect the maximum load that the wire can support ? A structural steel rod has a radius of 10 mm and a length of
1m. A 100 k N force stretches it along its length. Calculate
Sol. Since breaking load = breaking stress × area, is free from the
length of elastic wire, therefore, if the cable is cut to half of (a) the stress (b) elongation, and (c) percentage strain on
its original length, there is no change in its area of cross the rod. Given that the Young’s modulus of elasticity of
11 –2
section and breaking stress. Hence thre is no effect on the the structural steel is 2.0 × 10 Nm .
maximum load (breaking load), the cable can support. –3 –2
Sol. Here; r = 10 mm = 10 × 10 m = 10 m; l = 1 m;
3 5 11 2
Example - 3 F = 100 kN = 100 × 10 N = 10 N; y = 2.0 × 10 N/m
Why is a spring made of steel, not of copper ?
F F 105 8 –2
Stress =  2  = 3.18 × 10 Nm
Sol. A spring will be better one, if a large restoring force is set up A r  22 / 7   10 2
 
in it on being deformed, which in turn depends upon the
elasticity of the material of the spring. Since the Young’s
modulus of elasticity of steel is more than that of copper, The elongation,  
F / A 

 3.18 10  1
8

hence steel is preferred in making the springs. Y 2  1011

Example - 4 –3
= 1.59 × 10 m = 1.59 mm
Why are the bridges declared unsafe after long use ?
 1.59  10 3
The strain =   1.59  10 3
Sol. A bridge during its use undergoes alternating stresses and  1
strains for a large number of times each day, depending –3
Percentage strain in rod = 1.59 × 10 × 100
upon the movement of vehicles on it. When a bridge is used
for long time, it loses its elastic strength. Therefore, the = 0.159%  0.16%
ELASTICITY 5

Example - 7
Four identical cylindrical columns of steel support a big
structure of mass 50,000 kg. The inner and outer radii of
each column are 30 cm and 40 cm respectively. Assume
the load distribution to be uniform, calculate the
compressional strain of each column. The Young’s
11
modulus of steel is 2.0 × 10 Pa.

Sol. Here, M = 50,000 kg; r1 = 0.30 m and r2 = 0.40 m;

11
Y = 2.0 × 10 Pa.
Area of cross section of each column;
2 2
 
a   r22  r12    0.4    0.3    0.07 m2
 
Whole weight of the structure = Mg = 50000 × 9.8 N Sol. Here, the pulling force F (= mg) is same on both the wires.
Let l1, l2 be the elongations in the two wires.
This weight is equally shared by four columns,
F F
5000  9.8 As, Y  or  
 Compressional force on one column, F  N  r 
2
Y  r2
4

F/a mg
Now, Y  For wire A, 1 
compressional strain Y  r2

F 5000  9.8 / 4 mg  2   mg

 Compressional strain =  Fow wire B,  2  2

aY    0.07   2.0  1011 Y   2r  2 Y  r2

–6
= 2.785 × 10 mg 1 mg
Total elongation = 1   2  
Example - 8 Y  r2 2 Y  r2
Find the greatest length of copper wire, that can hang
7 2
without breaking. Breaking stress = 7.2 × 10 N/m . Density 3 mg
2
 .
of copper 7.2 g/cc. g = 10 m/s . 2 Y  r2
7
Sol. Given, breaking stress, S = 7.2 × 10 N/m2; Density of wire, Example - 10
3 3
 = 7.2 g/cc = 7.2 × 10 kg/m . A copper wire of length 2.2 m and a steel wire of length
Let l be the greatest length of wire that can hang without 1.6 m, both of diameter 3.0 mm are connected end. When
breaking and a be the area of cross section of the wire. stretched by a load, the net elongation is found to be
0.70 mm. Obtain the load applied. Young’s modulus of
Weight of wire = (a l)  g. 11 –2
copper is 1.1 × 10 N m and Young’s modulus of steel is
11 –2
2.0 × 10 Nm .
Breaking stress, S=
weight of wire a g
=
area of cross section a –3
Sol. For copper wire, l1 = 2.2 m; r1 = 1.5 mm = 1.5 × 10 m;
11 –2
7
Y1 = 1.1 × 10 Nm
S 7.2 10
or    1000 m For steel wire, l2 = 1.6 m; r2 = 1.5 mm = 1.5 × 10 m,
–3
 g 7.2  103  10
11 2
Y2 = 2.0 × 10 N/m .
Example - 9
Also, l1 + l2, = 0.70 mm ...(i)
Two wires A and B of length l, radius r and length 2l,
radius 2r having same Young’s modulus Y are hung with a Since both the wires have same tension and same area of
weight mg, Figure. What is the net elongation in the two crosssection, hence have the same tensile stress S.
wires ? Thus, S = Y × longitudinal strain
 ELASTICITY 6

F   Example - 13
  Y1  1  Y2  2
a 1 2 The average depth of Indian ocean is about 3000 m.
Calculate the fractional compression, V/V, of water at
1 1 Y2 2.2 2.0  1011 the bottom of the ocean, given that the bulk modulus of
or      2.5 9 –2 –2
water is 2.2 × 10 Nm . Take g = 10 ms .
 2  2 Y1 1.1 1.1 1011

or l1 = 2.5 l2. Sol. Here, h = 3000 m; B = 2.2 × 10 N/m ,

9 2

From (i) 2.5 l2 + l2 = 0.70 or l2 = 0.2 mm 3

p = h  g = 3000 × 10 × 10 = 3 × 10 N m
7 –3

–4
 l1 = 0.5 mm = 5 × 10 m
V p 3  107
 1   Compression strain,    1.36 102 .
Thus, F  aY1  r12 Y1 1 V B 2.2  1019
1 1
Example - 14
4
22 2 5 10 A square lead slab of side 50 cm and thickness 10.0 cm is

7

 1.5 103  1.1 1011 
2.2 subjected to a shearing force (on its narrow face) of
4
2 2 magnitude 9.0 × 10 N. The lower edge is riveted to the
= 1.77 × 10  1.8 × 10 N.
floor as shown in figure. How much is the upper edge
9
Example - 11 displaced, if the shear modulus of lead is 5.6 × 10 Pa ?
3
Find the change in volume which 1 m of water will undergo F
when taken from the surface, to the bottom of sea 1 km
deep. Given the elasticity of water is 20,000 atmosphere. 1
5
atmosphere = 1.013 × 10 N m .
–2 50 cm

3 3 3 –2
Sol. Here, V = 1 m ; p = h  g = 10 × 10 × 9.8 = 9.8 × 106 Nm
4 5 –2 9
B = 20,000 atm. = 2 × 10 × 1.013 × 10 × N m = 2.026 × 10
–2
Nm m
Sol. Here, L = 50 cm = 50 × 10–2 ;

As, B 
pV
or V 
pV

9.8 106  1   9
G = 5.6 × 10 Pa, F = 9.0 × 10 N.
4

V B 2.026  109 Area of the face on which force is applied,

3 3 2
= 4.83 × 10 m a = 50 × 10 = 500 sq cm = 0.5 m .
Example - 12 If L is the displacement of the upper edge of the slab due
A solid ball 3 cm in diameter is submerged in a lake to a to tangential force F applied, then
3 –2
depth, where the pressure is 10 kg f m . Find the change
in volume of the ball, if bulk modulus of the material of the F/a FL 9  104  50  10 2
G or L  
7 2
ball is 10 dyne/cm . L / L Ga 5.6  109  0.05
–4
–2 –2 = 1.6 × 10 m
Sol. Here, 2 r = 3 cm = 3 × 10 m or r = (3/2) × 10 m
3 2 3 2 7 2 6 2 Example - 15
p = 10 kg f/m = 10 × 9.8 N/m , B = 10 dyne/cm = 10 N/m
3 Two parallel and opposite forces, each 500 kgf are applied
4 4 22  3  tangentially to the upper and lower faces of a cubical metal
Volume of the ball, V   r 3      10 2  m 3
3 3 7 2  block 25 cm on a side. Find the angle of shear and the
pV displacement of the upper surface relative to the lower
Now, B  10
surface. The shear modulus of the metal is 8 × 10 Nm ;
–2
V –2
g = 10 ms .
3
4 22  3 
   102   103  9.8
Vp 3 7  2
–2
 Sol. Here F = 500 kgf = 500 × 10N; L = 25 × 10 m;
or V  
B 106 –2 2
a = (25 × 10 ) = 6.25 × 10 m ;
–2 2

–6 3 3
= 0.1386 × 10 m = 0.1386 cm 10
G = 8 × 10 Nm
–2
ELASTICITY 7

Angle of shear or shear strain, Example - 18

F 500 10 A wire of radius r stretched without tension along a straight

–6
  = 10 rad lie is tightly fixed at A and B. Figure. What is the tension in
aG   
6.25  102  8 1010  the wire when it is pulled in the shape ACB ? Assume
Young’s modulus of material of the wire to by Y.
L –2 –6
Now,   or L = L = (25 × 10 ) × 10 rad
L
–8
= 25 × 10 m.
Example - 16
When load on the wire is increased slowly from 2 kg to
4 kg, the elongation increases from 0.5 mm to 0.9 mm. If Sol. Let 2 l be the original length of wire AB, i.e., L = 2l. When
–2
g = 10 , find the work done during the extention of the wire. wire is pulled into shape ACB, the increase in length,
2 2 1/2
L = (AC + CB) – AB = 2 (l + d ) – 2l.
Sol. Here, F1 = 2 kgf = 2 × 10 N; F2 = 4 kgf = 4 × 10 N
–3 –3
l1 = 0.5 mm = 0.5 × 10 m; l2 = 0.9 mm = 0.9 × 10 m 1/ 2

Longitudinal strain  L 
2 2  d2    2
1 1 L 2
Work done, W  F2   2  F1  1
2 2
2l[(1  d 2 / l 2 )1 / 2  1]
=
1 –3 –3 2l
 [4 × 10 × 0.9 × 10 –2 × 10 × 0.5 × 10 ]
2
–3
= 13 × 10 J.  1 d2  d2
 1   1  2
 2   2
2

Example - 17
2
A 45 kg boy whose leg bones are 5 cm in area and 50 cm tension F
long falls through a height of 2 m without breaking his leg Longitudinal stress   2
8 –2
area r
bones. If the bones can stand a stress of 0.9 × 10 Nm ,
calculate the Young’s modulus for the material of the bone.
–2 longitudinal stress
Use, g = 10 ms .  Young’s Modulus, Y 
longitudinalstrain
–4 2
Sol. Here, m = 45 kg; h = 2m; L = 0.50 m; A = 5 × 10 m
F / r 2
Loss in gravitational energy = gain in elastic energy in both 
d 2 / 2 2
leg bones.
2 2 2
 Tension in the wire, F = Y × r × d /2l .
1 
So, mgh  2    stress  strain  volume 
2  Example - 19
–4
Here, volume = AL = 5 × 10 × 0.50 = 2.5 × 10 m
–4 3 What happens to the work done during stretching of a wire?

1  Sol. The work done in stretching the wire is stored in it in the

 45 × 10 × 2 = 2 ×   0.9 108  strain  2.5  104  form of the elastic potential energy.
2 
Example - 20
45  10  2
or strain =  0.04
0.9  2.5  10  4 What is mean by saying that crystalline solids are
anisotropic ?
stress 0.9  108
 Y  Sol. The physical properties like thermal conductivity, electrical
strain 0.04
conductivity, compressibility, etc. have different values in
9 –2
= 2.25 × 10 N m different directions.
 ELASTICITY 8

Example - 21 F L F YA
Sol. Y  . 
Do liquids possess rigidity ? A   L
F YA
Sol. No, liquids do not possess rigidity, because they have no Force constant, K   .
shapes of their own.  L
Example - 30
Example - 22
How does young’s modulus change with the rise of
How does young’s modulus change with the rise of temperature ?
temperarure ?
Sol. Young’s modulus decreases with the rise in temperature.
Sol. Young’s modulus decreases with the rise in temperature.
Example - 31
Example - 23 Distinguish between elasticity and plasticity of materials.
Give two examples which are nearly perfectly elastic. Sol.
Sol. Putty and paraffin wax. Elasticity Plasticity
1. It is the property of the 1. It is the property of the
Example - 24
body due to which the body due to which it
The length of a wire is cut to half. What will be the effect
body regains its original does not regain to its
on the increase in its length under a given load ?
configuration (length, original configuration;
Sol. Increase in length will be reduced to half as 1  l. volumne or shape) when when the deforming
Example - 25 the deforming forces are force is removed from
Write copper, glass, rubber in the order of increasing removed. it.
coefficient of elasticity. 2. The bodies, which has 2. The body, which has

Sol. Rubber, glass, copper and steel. this property, are called this property is called
elastic bodies, e.g., Iron, plastic body, e.g., clay
Example - 26
copper, gold etc. etc.
Which is more elastic-water or air ? Why ?
Example - 32
Sol. Water is more elastic than air, because bulk modulus of
What is elastic hysteresis ?
elasticity is reciprocal of the compressibility and air is more
compressible than water.
Sol. When a deforming force is applied on a body, then the strain
Example - 27 does not change–simultaneously with stress, rather it lags
behind the stress. The lagging of strain behind the stress is
What is the value of Bulk modulus for an incompressible
called the elastic hysteresis. This is the reason why the
liquid ?
values of strains for the same stress are different while
Sol. Infinite. increasing the load and while decreasing the load as shown
in the figure.
Example - 28
What is the limitation of the Hooke’s low ?

Sol. It holds good, when a wire is loaded within its elastic limit.

Example - 29
A wire of length L and of area of cross-section A is stretched
through a certain length l. If Y is the Young’s modulus of
elasticity of the material of the wire, what is the force
constant of the wire ?
ELASTICITY 9

Example - 33 Sol. Given M = 15 kg, L = 2.0 m each.

A steel wire of length 4.7 m and cross-section 3.0 × 10 m

–5 2 Let T be the tension in each wire. As the bar is supported
stretches by the same amount as a copper wire of length symmetrically by the three wires, the increases in length L
–5 2
3.5 m and cross-section 4.0 × 10 m under a given load. of each wire should be same.
What is the ratio of the Young’s modulus of steel to that The expression for Young’s modulus is
of copper ?
FL TL
–5 2
Y 
Sol. Given steel : LS = 4.7 m, AS = 3.0 × 10 m , LC = 3.5 m, A L A L
–5 2
A = 4.0 × 10 m
Now, for all wires, L, L, and T is same, therefore, we have
Applied force F and extension L are same for both wires.
Young’s modulus of steel, 1 D 2 1
A or 
Y 4 Y
FLS F  4.7
YS   Hence,
AS L 3.0  105  L

Young’s modulus for copper D Cu YFe 1.9  1011

   1.3
D Fe YCu 1.1 1011
FL C F  3.5
YC  
A C L 4.0  10 5  L Example - 36

Hence, What is the density of ocean water at a depth, where the

pressure is 80.0 atm, given that its density at the surface is
YS F  4.7 1.0 105  L 3 –3
1.03 × 10 kg m ? Compressibility of water = 45.8 × 10
–11
 5
 = 1.79
YC 3.0 10  L F  3.5 –1 5
Pa . Given, 1 atm = 1.013 × 10 Pa.
Example - 34 –11 –1
Sol. Given, compressibility of water = 1/K = 45.8 × 10 Pa ,
9 –2 13 5
The breaking stress for a metal is 7.8 × 10 Nm . Calculate p = 80.0 atm = 80.0 × 1.0 × 10 Pa, density of water at the
3 –3
the maximum length of the wire made of this metal which surface,  = 1.03 × 10 kg m .
may be suspended without breaking. The density of the Suppose that a volume V of the ocean water is taken to a
3 –3 –2
metal = 7.8 × 10 kg m . Take g = 10 ms . depth where the pressure is 80.0 atm. Let V be the decrease
9 –2 in volume.
Sol. Given Breaking stress = 7.8 × 10 N m , L = ?,
pV
3
 = 7.8 × 10 kgm .
–3 Then K 
V
When the wire is suspended vertically, it tends to break
under its own weight. Let its length be L and cross-sectional pV –11
or V   80  1.013 105  V × 45.8 × 10
area A. K
Weight of wire = mg = volume × density × g = ALg = 0.0037 V
weight ALg If V’ is volume of the water, when taken to the depth, then
Stress =   Lg
area A V’ = V – V = V – 0.0037 V
For the wire not to break, this must be equal to the breaking = 0.9963 V
stress, therefore, we have
Let ’ be the density of water at eh depth, where the pressure
7.8  10 9 is 80.0 atm. Since the mass of water remains same, therefore,
Lg  7.8  109 or L   105 m
7.8  103  10 we have

Example - 35 V’ ’ = V
3
or 0.9963 V × ’ = V × 1.03 × 10
A rigid bar of mass 15 kg is supported symmetrically, by
3 –3
three wires each 2.0 m long. Those at each end are of or ’ = 1.034 × 10 kg m
copper and the middle one is of iron. Determine the ratios
of their diameters if each is to have the same tension.
 ELASTICITY 10

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Elasticity and Plasticity
6. Two blocks of masses 1 kg and 2 kg are connected by a
1. The force constant of a wire does not depend on metal wire going over a smooth pulley as shown. The
(a) Nature of the material (b) Radius of the wire 40 2
breaking stress of the metal is 3  106 N / m 2 . If g = 10 m/s ,
(c) Length of the wire (d) none of these
Stress, Strain, Hooks Law, Modulus of Elasticity then what should be the minimum radius of the wire used if
2. The ratio of radius of two wire of same material is 2 : 1. it is not to break?
Stretched by same force, then the ratio of stress is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1
3. One end of a uniform rod of mass m1 and cross-sectional
area A is hung from a ceiling. The other end of the bar is
supporting mass m2. The stress at the midpoint is

(a) 0.5 mm (b) 1 mm

(c) 1.5 mm (d) 2 mm
6 2
7. A cylindrical tree has a breaking stress of 10 N/m . The
maximum possible height of the tree is 5 m. the density of
2
material of the tree is (take g = 10 m/s )
g m 2  2m1  g m 2  m1  3
(a) 10 kg/m
3 4
(b) 10 kg/m
3

(a) (b)
2A 2A 4 3 3
(c) 2 × 10 kg/m (d) 1 kg/m
g 2m 2  m1  g m 2  m1  8. The length of a steel cylinder is kept constant by applying
(c) (d)
2A 2A pressure at its two ends. When the temperature of rod is
4. A wire of cross section A is stretched horizontally between increased by 100°C from its initial temperature, the increase
two clamps located 2lm apart. A weight W kg is Suspended in pressure to be applied at its ends is
from the mid-point of the wire. If the mid-point sags vertically 11 2 –6
(Ysteel = 2 × 10 N/m , steel = 11 × 10 /°C, 1 atm = 10 N/m )
5 2

through a distance x < 1 the strain produced is: 7 3

(a) 22 × 10 atm (b) 2.2 × 10 atm
2x 2 x2 3
(a) (b) (c) zero (d) 4.3 × 10 atm
2 2
9. A wire can sustain the weight of 20 kg before breaking. If
x2
(c) (d) None of these the wire is cut into two equal parts, each part can sustain a
2 2
10 weight of
5. Young’s modulis of brass and steel are 10 × 10 N/m and
11 2 (a) 10 kg (b) 20 kg
2 × 10 N/m , respectively. A brass wire and a steel wire of
the same length are extended by 1 mm under the same force. (c) 40 kg (d) 35 kg
The radii of the brass and steel wires are RB and R S 10. Two wires of the same material and same mass are stretched
respectively. Then by the same force. Their lengths are in the ratio 2 : 3. Their
R elongations are in the ratio
(a) RS = 2 RB (b) R S  2B
(a) 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3
R (c) 4 : 9 (d) 9 : 4
(c) RS = 4RB (d) R S  4B
ELASTICITY 11

11. The length of a wire is increased by 1 mm on the application 16. The reason for the change in shape of a regular body is
of a given load. In a wire of the same material, but of length (a) Volume stress (b) Shearing strain
and radius twice that of the first, on application of the
same load, extension is (c) Longitudinal strain (d) Metallic strain

(a) 0.25 mm (b) 0.5 mm Volumetric

(c) 2 mm (d) 4 mm 17. If a rubber ball is taken at the depth of 200 m in a pool. Its
Longitudinal volume decreases by 0.1%. If the density of the water is
3 3 2
1 × 10 kg/m and g = 10 m/s , then the volume elasticity in
12. If equal and opposite forces applied to a body tend to 2
N/m will be
elongate it, the stress so produced is called
8 8
(a) 10 (b) 2 × 10
(a) Tensile stress (b) Compressive stress
9 9
(c) 10 (d) 2 × 10
(c) Tangential stress (d) Working stress
–5
18. The compressibility of water is 4 × 10 per unit atmospheric
13. The longitudinal extension of any elastic material is very
pressure. The decrease in volume of 100 cubic centimetre
small. In order to have an appreciable change, the material
must be in the form of of water under a pressure of 100 atmosphere will be
–5
(a) Long thick wire (b) Short thick wire (a) 0.4 cc (b) 4 × 10 cc

(c) Long thin wire (d) Short thin wire (c) 0.025 cc (d) 0.004 cc
14. You are given three wires A, B and C of the same length Stress – Strain Curve
and cross section. They are each stretched by applying 19. The stress versus strain graphs for wires of two materials
the same force to the ends. The wire A is stretched least A and B are as shown in the figure. If YA and YB are the
and comes back to its original length when the stretching Young’s modulii of the materials, then
force is removed. The wire B is stretched more than A and
also comes back to its original length when the stretching
force is removed. The wire C is stretched most and remains
stretched even when stretching force is removed. The
greatest Young’s modulus of elasticity is possessed by
the material of wire
(a) A (b) B
(c) C
(a) YB = 2YA (b) YA = YB
(d) All have the same elasticity
(c) YB = 3YA (d) YA = 3YB
Shearing
20. The stress-strain curves for brass, steel and rubber are
15. The face EFGH of the cube shown in the figure is displaced shown in the figure. The lines A, B and C are for
5
2 mm parallel to itself when forces of 5 × 10 N each are
applied on the lower and upper faces. The lower face is
fixed. The strain produced in the cube is

(a) Rubber, brass and steel respectively

(b) Brass, steel and rubber
(a) 2 (b) 0.5 (c) Steel, brass and rubber respectively
8
(c) 0.05 (d) 1.2 × 10 (d) Steel, rubber and brass
ELASTICITY 12

21. The strain stress curves of three wires of different materials Spring constant
are shown in the figure. P, Q and R are the elastic limits of
the wires. The figure shows that 24. If the potential energy of a spring is V on stretching it by
2 cm, then its potential energy when it is stretched by
10 cm will be

(a) V/25 (b) 5V

(c) V/5 (d) 25V

25. Two wires of the same material and length but diameters in
the ratio 1 : 2 are stretched by the same force. The potential
energy per unit volume for the two wires when stretched
(a) Elasticity of wire P is maximum will be in the ratio
(b) Elasticity of wire Q is maximum (a) 16 : 1 (b) 4 : 1
(c) Elasticity of R is maximum (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1
(d) None of the above is true
26. What amount of work is done in increasing the length of a
22. The figure shows the stress-strain graph of a certain
wire through unity?
substance. Over which region of the graph is Hooke’s law
obeyed YL YL2
(a) 2A (b)
2A

YA YL
(c) 2L (d) A

E 27. When the load on a wire is slowly increased from 3 to 5 kg

wt, the elongation increases from 0.61 to 1.02 mm. The
(a) AB (b) BC work done during the extension of wire is
(c) CD (d) ED
2
(a) 0.16 J (b) 0.016 J
23. Which one of the following is the Young’s modulus (in N/m )
for the wire having the stress-strain curve shown in the (c) 1.6 J (d) 16 J
figure Elastic Energy and Energy Density

28. Two wires of same diameter of the same material having

the length  and 2. If the force F is applied on each, the
ratio of the work done in the two wires will be

(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4

(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1
11 11
(a) 24 × 10 (b) 8.0 × 10
11 11
(c) 10 × 10 (d) 2.0 × 10
ELASTICITY 13

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEARS JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. A wire suspended vertically from one of its ends is
 4MLg 
stretched by attaching a weight of 200 N to the lower end. 7. In the determination of Young’s modulus  Y  
The weight stretches the wire by 1 mm. Then the elastic  d 2 
energy stored in the wire is : (AIEEE 2003)
by using Searle’s method, a wire of length L = 2 m and
(a) 0.2 J (b) 10 J diameter d = 0.5 mm is used. For a load M = 2.5 kg, an
(c) 20 J (d) 0.1 J extension l = 0.25 mm in the length of the wire is observed.
2. A wire fixed at the upper end stretches by length l by Quantities d and l are measured using a screw gauge and
applying a force F. The work done in stretching is :
a micrometer, repectively. They have the same pitch of 0.5
(AIEEE 2004)
mm. The number of divisions on their circular scale is 100.
F
(a) (b) F l The contributions to the maximum probable error of the Y
2
measurement is (IIT-JEE 2012)
F
(c) 2F l (d) (a) due to the errors in the measurements of d and l are
2
the same
3. If S is stress and Y is Young’s modulus of material of a
wire, the energy stored in the wire per unit volume is (b) due to the error in the measurement of d is twice that
(AIEEE 2005) due to the error in the measurement of l.

2
S2 (c) due to the error in the measurement of l is twice that
(a) 2 S Y (b) due to the error in the measurement of d.
2Y

S (d) due to the error in the measurement of d is four times

2Y
(c) (d) 2 Y that due to the error in the measurement of l.
S2
4. A wire elongates by l mm when a load w is hanged from it. 8. One end of a horizontal thick copper wire of length 2L and
If the wire goes over a pulley and two weights w each are radius 2R is welded to an end of another horizontal thin
hung at the two ends, the elongation of the wire will be copper wire of length L and radius R. When the
(in mm) (AIEEE 2006) arrangement is stretched by applying forces at two ends,
(a) l (b) 2 l the ratio of the elongation in the thin wire to that in the
(c) zero (d) l/2 thick wire is (IIT-JEE 2013)
5. Two wires are made of the same material and have the (a) 0.25 (b) 0.50
same volume. However, wire 1 has cross-sectional area A (c) 2.00 (d) 4.00
and wire-2 has cross sectional areal 3A. If the length of
wire 1 increases by x on aplying force F, how much force 9. A pendulum made of uniform wire of cross sectional area
is needed to stretch wire 2 by the same amount ? A has time period T. When an addition mass M is added
(AIEEE 2009) to its bob, the time period changes to TM. If the Young’s

(a) F (d) 4F 1
modulus of the material of the wire is Y then is equal
(c) 6F (d) 9F Y
6. A metal rod of Young’s modulus Y and coefficient of to: (g = gravitational acceleration) (2015)
thermal expansion  is held at its two ends such that its
length remains invariant. If its temperature is raised by   TM 2  A   T 2  A
t°C, the linear stress developed in its is (AIEEE 2011) (a) 1   T   Mg (b) 1   T   Mg
      M  
t Y
(a) (b)
Y t
 TM 2  A  TM 2  Mg
1 (c)  T   1 Mg (c)  T   1 A
(c) Yt (d)      
Yt
ELASTICITY 14

10. A man grows into a giant such that his linear dimensions 15. The Bulk moduli of Ethanol, Mercury and water are given
increase by a factor of 9. Assuming that his density remains as 0.9, 25 and 2.2 respectively in units of 109 Nm–2. For a
same, the stress in the leg will change by a factor of :(2017) given value of pressure, the fractional compression in
1 V
(a) (b) 9 volume is . Which of the following statements about
81 V
1 V
(c) (d) 81 for these three liquids is correct?
9 V
11. An external pressure P is applied on a cube at 0°C so that (2014 Online Set-3)
it is equally compressed from all sides. K is the bulk
(a) Ethanol > Water > Mercury
modulus of the material of the cube and  is its coefficient
of linear expansion. Suppose we want to bring the cube to (b) Mercury > Ethanol > Water
its original size by heating. The temperature should be (c) Water > Ethanol > Mercury
raised by : (2017) (d) Ethanol > Mercury > Water
P 16. A uniformly tapering conical wire is made from a material
(a) 3PKa (b)
3K of Young’s modulus Y and has a normal, unextended length
L. The radii, at the upper and lower ends of this conical
P 3
(c) (d) wire, have values R and 3 R, respectively. The upper end
K PK
of the wire is fixed to a rigid support and a mass M is
2
12. A steel rail of length 5m and area of cross section 40 cm is suspended from its lower end. The equilibrium extended
prevented from expanding along its length while the length, of this wire, would equal (2016 Online Set-1)
temperature rises by 10ºC, If coefficient of linear expansion
and Young’s modulus of steel are 1.2 × 10–5 K–1 and 2 ×  2 Mg   1 Mg 
(a) L 1   (b) L 1  
 9 YR 2   3 YR 2 
1011 Nm–2 respectively, the force developed in the rail is
approximately : (2017)
 1 Mg   2 Mg 
(a) 2×107 N (c) L 1   (d) L 1  
 9 YR 2   3 YR 2 
(b) 1×105 N
17. A bottle has an opening of radius a and length b. A cork of
(c) 2×109 N
length b and radius (a + a ) where (a  a) is
(d) 3×10–5 N
compressed to fit into the opening completely (See figure).
13. In materials like aluminum and copper, the correct order of
If the bulk modulus of cork is B and frictional coefficient
magnitude of various elastic moduli is:
between the bottle and cork is  then the force needed to
(2014 Online Set-1)
push the cork into the bottle is : (2016 Online Set-2)
(a) Young’s modulii < shear modulii < bulk modulii.
(b) Bulk modulii < shear modulii < Young’s modulii.
(c) Shear modulii < Young’s modulii < bulk modulii.
(d) Bulk moduli < Young’s modulii < shear modulii.

14. Steel ruptures when a shear of 3.5×108 N m–2 is applied.

The force needed to punch a 1 cm diameter hole in a steel
sheet 0.3 cm thick is nearly: (2014 Online Set-2)
(a) (B b) a (b) (2B b) a
(a) 2.7 × 104 N (b) 1.1 × 104 N
(c) (B b) a (d) (4B b) a
(c) 1.4 × 104 N (d) 3.3 × 104 N
ELASTICITY 15

18. A compressive force, F is applied at the two ends of a long

mg mg
thin steel rod. It is heated, simultaneously, such that its (a) 0 (b)
3Ka Ka
temperature increases by T . The net change in its length
is zero. Let l be the length of the rod, A its area of cross-
Ka Ka
section, Y its Young’s modulus, and áits coefficient of (c) mg (d) 3mg
linear expansion. Then, F is equal to :
20. As shown in the figure, forces of 105 N each are applied in
(2017 Online Set-1)
opposite directions, on the upper and lower faces of a
(a) 2 Y  T (b)  AY  T cube of sides 10 cm, shifting the upper face parallel to
itself by 0.5 cm. If the side of another cube of the same
AY
(c) AY  T (d)  T material is 20 cm, then under similar conditions as above,
the displacement will be : (2018 Online Set-2)
19. A solid sphere of radius r made of a soft material of bulk
modulus K is surrounded by a liquid in a cylindrical
container. A massless piston of area a floats on the surface
of the liquid, covering entire cross section of cylindrical
container. When a mass m is placed on the surface of the
(a) 0.25 cm (b) 0.37 cm
piston to compress the liquid, the fractional decrement in
(c) 0.75 cm (d) 1.00 cm
 dr 
the radius of the sphere,   is (2018)
 r 
 ELASTICITY 16

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. The length of an elastic string is a meter when the 6. A small but heavy block of mass 10 kg is attached to a wire
7 2
longitudinal tension is 4 N and b metre when the tension 0.3m long. Its breaking stress is 4.8 × 10 N/m . The area of
–6 2
is 5 N. The length of the string (in metre) when the cross section of the wire is 10 m . The maximum angular
longitudinal tension is 9 N is velocity with which the block can be rotated in the horizontal
circle is
(a) a – b (b) 5b – 4a
(c) 2b – a/2 (d) 4a – 3b (a) 4 rad/s (b) 8 rad/s

2. A uniform rod of mass m, length L, area of cross-section A
is rotated about an axis passing through one of its ends
and perpendicular to its length with constant angular
velocity  in a horizontal plane. If Y is the Young’s
modulus of the material of rod, the increase in its length
due to rotation of rod is
(c) 10 rad/s (d) 32 rad/s
7. Two bars A and B of circular cross section and same volume
and made of the same material are subjected to tension. If
the diameter of A is half that B and if the force applied to
both the rod is the same and it is in the elastic limit, the ratio
of extension of A to that of B will be

m2 L2 m2 L2 (a) 16 (b) 8

(a) (b)
AY 2AY (c) 4 (d) 2
2 2 5
m L 2m2 L2 8. A substance breaks down under a stress of 10 Pa. If the
(c) (d) 3 3
3AY AY density of the wire is 2 × 10 kg/m , find the minimum length
3. A slightly conical wire of length L and end radii r1 and r2 is of the wire which will break under its own weight
2
stretched by two forces F, F applied parallel to length in (g = 10 m/s ).
opposite directions and normal to end faces. If Y denotes (a) 10 m (b) 2.5 m
the Young’s modulus, then extension produced is
(c) 4 m (d) 5 m
FL FL
(a) r 2 Y (b) r Y 9. A 5 kg rod of square cross section 5 cm on a side and 1 m
1 1 long is pulled along a smooth horizontal surface by a force
FL FLY applied at one end. The rod has a constant acceleration of
(c) r r Y (d) r r 2
1 2 1 2 2 m/s . Determine the elongation in the rod. (Young’s
9 2
4. A uniform rod of length L has a mass per unit length  and modulus of the material of the rod is 5 × 10 N/m )
area of cross section A. The elongation in the rod is  due (a) Zero, as for elongation to be there, equal and opposite
to its own weight if it is suspended from the ceiling of a force must act on the rod
room. The Young’s modulus of the rod is
(b) Non-zero but can’t be determine from the given situation
2gL2 gL2 (c) 0.4 m
(a) (b)
A 2A
(d) 16 m
2gL g 2
(c) (d) 10. A solid sphere of radius R, made up of a material of bulk
A AL modulus k is surrounded by a liquid in a cylindrical container.
5. One end of uniform wire of length L and of weight W is A massless piston of area A floats on the surface of the
attached rigidly to a point in the roof and a weight W1 is liquid. When a mass M is placed on the piston to compress
suspended from its lower end. If s is the area of cross section the liquid, the fractional change in the radius of the sphere
of the wire, the stress in the wire at a height (3L/4) from its is
lower end is
Mg Mg
W1  W (a) AK (b) 3AK
(a) s
(b)  W1  4  s

3Mg Mg
 3W W1  W (c) AK (d) 2AK
(c)  W1  4  / s (d) s
 
ELASTICITY 17

11. A bar of cross section A is subjected to two equal and 15. A heavy block of mass 150 kg hangs with the help of three
opposite tensile force as shown. Consider a cross section vertical wires of equal length and equal cross sectional area
BB as shown in figure. The shearing stress at this point is as shown in the figure.

Fcos 2  F
(a) (b) A
A

Wire is attached to the mid-point (centre of mass) of block.

Fsin 2
(c) 2A
(d) zero Take Y2 = 2Y1. For this arrangement mark out the correct
statment(s).
Multiple Answer Questions
(a) The wire I and III should have same Young’s modulus.
12. A metal wire length L, cross section area A, and Young’s
(b) Tension in I and III would be always equal.
modulus Y is stretched by a variable force F. F is varying in
such a way that F is always slightly greater than the elastic (c) Tension in I and III would be different.
forces of resistance in the wire. When the elongation in the (d) Tension in II is 75 g.
wire is l, up to this instant 16. Two wires A and B have the same cross-section and are
YA 2
made of the same material, but the length of wire A is twice
(a) the work done by F is that of B. Then, for a given load
2L
(a) the extension of A will be twice that of B
YA 2
(b) the work done by F is (b) the extensions of A and B will be equal
L
(c) the strain in A will be half that in B
YA 2 (d) the strains in A and B will be equal
(c) the elasitc potential energy stored in wire is
2L
17. Figure shows the stress-strain graphs for materials A
(d) no energy is lost during elongation
and B.
13. A composite rod consists of a steel rod of length 25 cm and
area 2A and a copper rod of length 50 cm and area A. The
composite rod is subjected to an axial load F. If the Young’s
mouduli of steel and copper are in the ratio 2 : 1, then
(a) the extension produced in copper rod will be more
(b) the extension in copper and steel parts will be in the ratio
1:8
(c) the stress applied to copper rod will be more
(d) no extension will be produced in the steel rod
14. Choose the correct statements from the following :
(a) Steel is more elastic than rubber.
(b) The stretching of a coil spring is determined by the
Young’s modulus of the wire of the spring. From the graph it follows that
(c) The frequency of a tuning fork is determined by the (a) material A has a higher Young’s modulus
shear modulus of the material of the fork.
(b) material B is more ductile
(d) When a material is subjected to a tensile (stretching)
(c) material A is more brittle
stress the restoring forces are caused by interatomic
attraction. (d) material A can withstand a greater stress
ELASTICITY 18

COMPREHENSION 21. The compressive stress in tube is

6 2 5 2
Passage - 1 (a) 5 × 10 N/m (b) 10 N/m
8 2 3 2
Using the following Passage, Solve Q. 18–19 (c) 10 N/m (d) 10 N/m
A light rod of length L = 2 m is suspended horizontally from 22. The tensile stress in bolt is
the ceiling by two wires A and B of equal lengths. The wire 4 2 7 2
A is made of steel with the area of cross section (a) 10 N/m (b) 10 N/m
8 2 10 2
–5 2
As = 1×10 m , while the wire B is made of brass of cross (c) 2 × 10 N/m (d) 10 N/m
–5 2
sectional area Ab = 2 × 10 m . A weight W is suspended at Passage - 3
a distance x from the wire A as shown in figure.
Using the following Passage, Solve Q. 23 to 25
Take, Young’s modulus of steel and brass as
11 –2 11 –2
According to Hooke’s law, within the elastic limit stress/
Ys = 2 × 10 Nm and Yb = 1 × 10 Nm .
strain = constant. This constant depends on the type of
strain or the type of force acting. Tensile stress might result
in compressional or elongative strain; however, a tangential
stess can only cause a shearing strain. After crossing the
elastic limit, the material undergoes elongation and beyond
a stage beaks. All modulus of elastically are basically
constants for the materials under stress.
18. Determine the value of x so that equal stresses are produced 23. Two wires of same material have length and radius (l, r) and
in each wire.
 r
(a) 1.33 m (b) 2.5 m  2,  . The ratio of their Young’s modulus is
 2
(c) 3.6 m (d) 2.1 m
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 3
19. Determine the value of x so that equal strains are produced
in each wire. (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1

(a) 1 m (b) 2 m 24. Just on crossing the yield region, the material will have

(c) 3 m (d) 2.2 m (a) reduced stress

Passage - 2 (b) increased stress
Using the following Passage, Solve Q. 20 to 22 (c) breaking stress
–5 2
A steel bolt of cross sectional area Ab = 5 × 10 m is passed (d) constant stress
through a cylindrical tube made of aluminium. Cross
–4 2 stress
sectional area of the tube material is At = 10 m and its 25. If strain be x in elastic region and y in the region of yield,
length is l = 50 cm. The bolt is just taut so that there is no
stress in the bolt. And temperature of the assembly is then
increaseds through  = 10° C. Given, coefficient of linear (a) x = y (b) x > y
–5
thermal expansion of steel, b = 10 /°C.
(c) x < y (d) x = 2y
Assertion Reason
(A) If both ASSERTION and REASON are true and
11 2
reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Young’s modulus of steel Yb = 2 × 10 N/m .
11 2
(B) If both ASSERTION and REASON are true but reason
Young’s modulus of Al, Yt = 10 N/m , coefficient of linear is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
–5
thermal expansion of Al t = 2 × 10 /°C.
(C) If ASSERTION is true but REASON is false.
20. The compressive strain in tube is
–4 –5 (D) If both ASSERTION and REASON are false.
(a) 10 (b) 5 × 10
–3 –6 (E) If ASSERTION is false but REASON is true.
(c) 2 × 10 (d) .10
ELASTICITY 19

26. Assertion : The stress–strain graphs are shown in the Match the Column
figure for two materials A and B are shown in figure. Young’s 28. In the Column I type of stresses or strains are mentioned
modulus of A is greater than that of B. and some effect of these stresses within the body are
mentioned in Column II. Match the entries of Column-I
with the entries of Column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) Compressive stress (P) Intermolecular separation in
stresssed state is greater
than equilibrium separation.
(B) Tensile stress (Q) Intermolecular separation in
Reason : The Young’s modules for small strain is,
stressed state is less than
stress
Y  slope of linear portion, of graph; and slope equilibrium separation.
strain
of A is more than slope that of B. (C) Longitudinal stress (R) Internal developed forces
are attractive in nature.
(a) A (b) B (c) C
(D) Lateral strain (S) Internal developed forces
(d) D (e) (E)
are repulsive in nature
27. Assertion : Young’s modulus for a perfectly plastic body Integer Type Questions
is zero.
29. A block of mass m produces an extension of 9 cm in an
Reason : For a perfectly plastic body, restoring force is elastic spring of length 60 cm when it is hung by it, and the
zero. system is in equilibrium. The spring is cut in two parts of 40
(a) A (b) B (c) C cm and 20 cm lenghts. The same block hangs in equilibrium
with the help of these two parts. Find the extension (in cm)
(d) D (e) (E) in this case.
 ELASTICITY 20

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

Objective Questions (Only one correct option)

1. Two rods of different materials having coefficients of
thermal expansion 1, 2 and Young’s moduli Y1, Y2
respectively are fixed between two rigid massive walls.
The rods are heated such that they undergo the same
increase in temperature. There is no bending of the rods.
If 1 : 2 = 2 : 3, the thermal stresses developed in the two
roads are equal provided Y1 : Y2 is equal to :
(IIT-JEE 1989)
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 1 (a) 2 × 1011 N/m2 (b) 2 × 10–11 N/m2
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 4 : 9 (c) 3 × 1012 N/m2 (d) 2 × 1013 N/m2
2. The following four wires are made of the same material.
Which of these will have the largest extension when the  4MLg 
6. In the determination of Young’s modulus  Y  
same tension is applied ? (IIT-JEE 1981)  d 2 

(a) Length = 50 cm, diameter = 0.5 mm by using Searle’s method, a wire of length L = 2 m and
(b) Length = 100 cm, diameter = 1 mm diameter d = 0.5 mm is used. For a load M = 2.5 kg, an
extension l = 0.25 mm in the length of the wire is observed.
(c) Length = 200 cm, diameter = 2 mm
Quantities d and l are measured using a screw gauge and
(d) Length = 300 cm, diameter = 3 mm a micrometer, repectively. They have the same pitch of 0.5
5
3. The pressure of a medium is changed from 1.01 × 10 Pa to mm. The number of divisions on their circular scale is 100.
5
1.165 × 10 Pa and change in volume is 10% keeping The contributions to the maximum probable error of the Y
temperature constant. The bulk modulus of the medium is measurement is (IIT-JEE 2012)
(IIT-JEE 2005) (a) due to the errors in the measurements of d and l are
5 5
(a) 204.8 × 10 Pa (b) 102.4 × 10 Pa the same
5 5
(c) 51.2 × 10 Pa (d) 1.55 × 10 Pa (b) due to the error in the measurement of d is twice that
4. A given quantity of an ideal gas is at pressure p and abso- due to the error in the measurement of l.
lute temperature T. The isothermal bulk modulus of the (c) due to the error in the measurement of l is twice that
gas is : (1982) due to the error in the measurement of d.

2 (d) due to the error in the measurement of d is four times

(a) p (b) p that due to the error in the measurement of l.
3
7. One end of a horizontal thick copper wire of length 2L and
3 radius 2R is welded to an end of another horizontal thin
(c) p (d) 2 p
2 copper wire of length L and radius R. When the
arrangement is stretched by applying forces at two ends,
5. The adjacent graph shows the extension (l) of a wire of
the ratio of the elongation in the thin wire to that in the
length 1m suspended from the top of a roof at one end and
thick wire is (2013)
with a load W connected to the other end. If the cross-
sectional area of the wire is 10–6 m2, calculate from the graph (a) 0.25 (b) 0.50
the Young’s modulus of the material of the wire. (2003) (c) 2.00 (d) 4.00
ELASTICITY
Objective Questions (One or More than one correct option)
3. In plotting stress versus strain curves for two materials P
and Q, a student by mistake puts strain on the y-axis and
stress on the x-axis as shown in the figure. Then the
correct statement(s) is (are). (2015)
(a) P has more tensile strength than Q
(b) P is more ductile than Q
(c) P is more brittle than Q
(d) The Young’s modulus of P is more than that of Q.
Fill in the Blanks
9. A wire of length L and cross–sectional area A is made of a
material of Young’s modulus Y. If the wire is stretched by
an amount x, the work done is ............... (1987)
10. A solid sphere of radius R made of a material of bulk
modulus K is surrounded by a liquid in a cylindrical
container. A massless piston of area A floats on the surface
of the liquid. When a mass M is placed on the piston to
compress the liquid the fractional change in the radius of
the sphere, R/R, is ............... (1988)

21
Analytical & Descriptive Questions
11. In Searle’s experiment, which is used to find Young’s
modulus of elasticity, the diameter of experimental wire is
D = 0.05 cm (measured by a scale of least count 0.001 cm)
and length is L = 110 cm (measured by a scale of least
count 0.1 cm). A weight of 50 N causes an extension of
l = 0.125 cm (measured by a micrometer of least count
0.001 cm). Find maximum possible error in the values of
Young’s modulus. Screw gauge and meter scale are free
from error. (IIT-JEE 2004)
12. A thin rod of negligible mass and area of cross-section
4 × 10–6m2, suspended vertically from one end, has a length
of 0.5 m at 100°C. The rod is cooled to 0°C, but prevented
from contracting by attaching a mass at the lower end. Find
(a) this mass
(b) the energy stored in the rod, given for the rod. Young’s
modulus = 1011 N/m2, Coefficient of linear expansion
= 10–5K–1 and g = 10 m/s2. (1997)
13. A uniform rod of lenght L and density  is being pulled
along a smooth floor with a horizontal acceleration  (see
fig.). The magnitude of the stress at the transverse cross–
section through the mid–point of the rod is ........ (1993)
L
ELASTICITY 22

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE – 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESITONS

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (b)

9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (b)
17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (c) 21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (d)
25. (a) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (a)

EXERCISE – 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (b)

9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (b)
17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (a)

EXERCISE – 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (d)

9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (a, c, d) 13. (a, b, c) 14. (a,b,c,d) 15. (a, b, d) 16. (a, d)

17. (a, d) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (b) 21. (a) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (c)
25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (A  Q, S); (B  P, R); (C  P, Q, R, S); (D  P, Q, R, S) 29. (0002)

EXERCISE – 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a,b,d) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6.(a) 7. (c) 8. (a, b)

1  YA  2 10 2 L
9.  x 10. Mg/3 AK 11. 1.09 × 10 N/m 12. (a) 40 kg (b) 0.1 J 13.
2 L  2

Dream on !!
