SOUTHERN MINDANAO COLLEGE

COLLEGE OF ENGR’R
PAGADIAN CITY

The life works and writings of the following.

José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda

 José Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, to Francisco Rizal Mercado y Alejandro and Teodora
Alonso Realonda y Quintos in the town of Calamba in Laguna province. He had nine sisters and
one brother. His parents were leaseholders of a hacienda and an accompanying rice farm held
by the Dominicans. Both their families had adopted the additional surnames of Rizal and
Realonda in 1849, after Governor General Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa decreed the adoption of
Spanish surnames among the Filipinos for census purposes
 the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861,
in the town of Calamba, Laguna. He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and
9 girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged to distinguished families.
WORKS
 Developed his own Laws
 Wrote two novels, “Noli me Tangere (1887)” “El Filibusterismo (1891)”
 Kundiman
 To the Young Women of Malolos
 Junto Al Pasig
 La Liga Filipina
 "El amor patrio", 1882 essay
 "Toast to Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo", 1884 speech given at Restaurante Ingles, Madrid
 Noli Me Tángere, 1887 novel (literally Latin for 'touch me not', from John 20:17)
 Alin Mang Lahi ("Whate'er the Race"), a Kundiman attributed to Dr. José Rizal
 "Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga-Malolos" (To the Young Women of Malolos), 1889 letter
 Annotations to Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1889
 "Filipinas dentro de cien años" (The Philippines a Century Hence), 1889–90 essay
 "Sobre la indolencia de los filipinos" (The Indolence of Filipinos), 1890 essay
 "Como se gobiernan las Filipinas" (Governing the Philippine islands), 1890 essay
 El filibusterismo, 1891 novel; sequel to Noli Me Tángere
 Una visita del Señor a Filipinas, also known as Friars and Filipinos, 14-page unfinished novel
written in 1889
 Memorias de un Gallo, two-page unfinished satire
 Makamisa, unfinished Tagalog-language novel written in 1892
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro
 Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro was born on November 30, 1863, in Tondo, Manila, and was the
first of six children of Catalina de Castro, a Spanish Mestiza, and Santiago Bonifacio, an Alcalde
of Tondo, a Chinese mestizo. His parents named him after Saint Andrew the Apostle, the
patron saint of Manila whose feast day falls on his birth date.
 was a Filipino Freemason and revolutionary leader. He is often called "The Father of the
Philippine Revolution" and considered one of the national heroes of the Philippines.
 was the founder of the Katipunan, a militant nationalist secret society that led the rebellion
against Spain. Bonifacio declared Philippine independence in 1896 in the wake of the execution
of his hero and mentor José Rizal.
 The historical assessment of Bonifacio involves several controversial points. His death is
alternately viewed as a justified execution for treason, and a "legal murder" fueled by politics.
Some historians consider him to be the rightful first President of the Philippines instead of
Aguinaldo. Some historians have also advocated that Bonifacio share or even take the place of
José Rizal as the (foremost) Philippine national hero. The purported discovery of Bonifacio's
remains has also been questioned.
WORKS
 "Mi abanico" (circa. 1870s)
 "Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas"
 "Ang Dapat Mabatid ng Mga Tagalog" (1896)
 "Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa" (1896)
Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán
 Marcelo H. del Pilar was born at his family's ancestral home in sitio Cupang, barrio San Nicolás,
Bulacán, Bulacan, on August 30, 1850.He was baptized as "Marcelo Hilario" on September 4,
1850, at the Iglesia Parroquial de Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion in Bulacán. Fr. D. Tomas Yson,
a Filipino secular priest, performed the baptism, and Lorenzo Alvir, a distant relative, acted as
the godfather."Hilario" was the original paternal surname of the family. The surname of
Marcelo's paternal grandmother, "del Pilar", was added to comply with the naming reforms of
Governor-General Narciso Clavería in 1849.
 Del Pilar's last years in Spain saw his descent into extreme poverty. In a letter to his wife
Marciana on August 17, 1892, he wrote: "For my meals, I have to approach friends for loans
daily." To be able to smoke, I have gone to the extreme of picking up cigarette butts in the
streets.
 Del Pilar was one of the leading figures of the Philippine anti-friar movement in the late 19th
century. After the deportation of his brother in 1872, he worked to destroy the friars' authority
and influence on the country's affairs. In La Soberanía Monacal en Filipinas (Monastic
Supremacy in the Philippines), del Pilar explained how the friars dominated the economic and
political life of the colony:
 Del Pilar contracted tuberculosis in November 1895. The following year, he decided to return
to the Philippines to lead a revolution. His illness worsened so that he had to cancel his
journey.n June 20, 1896, he was taken to the Hospital de la Santa Cruz in Barcelona. Del Pilar
died at 1:15 a.m. on July 4, 1896, over a month before the Cry of Pugad Lawin.
WORKS
 Ang Pagibig sa Tinubúang Lupà (Love for the Native Land, Tagalog translation of Rizal's El Amor Patrio published in the
Diariong Tagalog, August 20, 1882)
 La Solídaridad (various articles and essays published under the pen names Pláridel, Carmelo, Patós, D.A. Murgas, and
L.O. Crame)
 En Filipinas Quien Manda? (Who is the Master in the Philippines?, published in La Publicidad, December 23, 1887)
 El Monaquismo en Filipinas (Monasticism in the Philippines, published in El Diario under the pen name Piping Dilat,
January 12, 1888)
 Viva España! Viva el Rey! Viva el Ejército! Fuera los Frailes! (Long live Spain! Long live the King! Long live the Army!
Throw the friars out!, 1888)
 Caiigat Cayó (Be as Slippery as an Eel, published under the pen name Dolores Manapat, August 3, 1888)
 Ang Cadaquilaan nang Dios (The Greatness of God, 1888)
 Noli Me Tángere. Ante el Odio Monacal. (Noli Me Tangere. The Hatred of the Monks., published in La Publicidad under
the pen name Pláridel, July 10, 11, 12 and 13, 1888)
 Filipinas Ante la Opinion (The Philippines and Public Opinion, published in El Diluvio, July 27, 1888)
 La Soberanía Monacal en Filipinas (Monastic Supremacy in the Philippines, published under the pen name MH.
Pláridel, 1888)
 Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Mockeries, published under the pen name Dolores Manaksak, 1888)
 Pasióng Dapat Ipag-alab nang Puso nang Tauong Babasa sa Calupitán nang Fraile (The Passion that Should Inflame
the Hearts of Those Who Read About the Cruelty of the Friars, 1888)
 Relegacion Gubernativa (Governmental Relegation, published in El Diluvio under the pen name Piping Dilat, January
24, 1889)
 La Asociación Hispano-Filipina (The Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, published in La Publicidad under the pen name
Pláridel, January 30, 1889)
 La Frailocracía Filipina (Friarocracy in the Philippines, published under the pen name MH. Pláridel, 1889)
 Sagót nang España sa Hibíc nang Filipinas (Spain's Reply to the Cry of the Philippines, 1889)
 El Triunfo de la Remora en Filipinas (The Triumph of the Enemies of Progress in the Philippines, published in El País
under the pen name Pláridel, February 28, 1890)
 Prologo (Prologue of Filipinas en las Cortes, 1890)
 Arancel de los Derechos Parroquiales en las Islas Filipinas publicado con su traduccion tagala (Tagalog translation of
Arancel de los Derechos Parroquiales en las Islas Filipinas, 1890)
 Exposicion de la Asociación Hispano-Filipina (Memorial of the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, February 1, 1892)
 Para Rectificar (A Correction, published in La Justicia, February 11, 1892)
 Otro Peligro Colonial (Another Colonial Danger, published in El Globo, January 19, 1895)
 Canal Bashi (The Bashi Channel, published in El Globo, January 26, 1896)
 Ministerio dela República Filipina (Ministry of the Philippine Republic, 1896)
 La Patria (The Fatherland, 1896)

Graciano López y Jaena

  Graciano López Jaena was born in Jaro, Iloilo, in the Captaincy General of the Philippines in the
Spanish Empire on December 18, 1856. His parents were Plácido López and María Jacoba
Jaena. He was baptized as "Graciano López y Jaena" on December 20, 1856, at Jaro Church by
Plácido de Isana, and his godfather was Rufino Justiniano. Feeling that the priesthood was the
most noble profession, his mother sent him to study at the St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary in Jaro.
While there, he served as a secretary to his uncle, Claudio López, who was the honorary vice
consul of Portugal in Iloilo.
 Despite his mother wanting him to become a priest, López's true ambition was to become a
physician. After convincing his parents, he sought enrollment at the University of Santo Tomas
but was denied admission because the required Bachelor of Arts degree was not offered at the
seminary in Jaro. Instead, he was appointed to the San Juan de Dios Hospital as an apprentice.
Due to financial problems, he dropped out and returned to Iloilo to practice medicine.
 In his honor, the Jaro Plaza was renamed the Graciano López Jaena Park, where there is also a
statue of him. The Graciano Lopez Jaena Foundation Inc works to continue his legacy and
supports various public recognition of his life and works, such as the Dr. Graciano Lopez Jaena
Poetry Contest.
 An Order of DeMolay Chapter, a youth fraternal group for young men originating in
freemasonry, was founded around 1965 in Jaro, and named Graciano Lopez-Jaena Chapter
because Lopez Jaena was the first and foremost Freemason from Jaro.
WORKS
 Fray Botod (Big-Bellied Friar)
 La Hija del Fraile (The Daughter of a Friar)
 Esperanzas (Hope)

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy

  Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was born on March 22, 1869 in Cavite el Viejo (present-day Kawit) in
the province of Cavite to Carlos Aguinaldo y Jamir and Trinidad Famy y Villanueva, a couple
that had eight children, the seventh of whom was Emilio Sr. He was baptized and raised in
Roman Catholicism. The Aguinaldo family was quite well-to-do, as his father, Carlos Aguinaldo,
was the community's appointed gobernadorcillo (municipal governor) in the Spanish colonial
administration and his grandparents Eugenio Aguinaldo y Kajigas and María Jamir y de los
Santos. He studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran, but could not finish his studies because of
an outbreak of cholera in 1882.
 He became the "Cabeza de Barangay" in 1895 when the Maura Law called for the
reorganization of local governments was enacted. At the age of 25, Aguinaldo became Cavite el
Viejo's first gobernadorcillo capitan municipal (municipal governor-captain) while he was on a
business trip in Mindoro.
 In August 1896, as coordinated attacks broke out and sparked the revolution beginning in
Manila. Aguinaldo marched from Kawit with 600 men and launched a series of skirmishes at
Imus that eventually ended in open hostilities against Spanish troops stationed there. On
September 1, with the aid of Captain Jose Tagle of Imus, they laid siege against Imus to draw
the Spanish out.
WORKS
 Reseña verídica de la revolución filipina, 1899[99]
 Talang Buhay ng Supremo And. Bonifacio sa Kabite, 1940's[100]
 A Second Look at America, 1957
 Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan, 1964
 My Memoirs, 1967