5 Forces and electricity

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1
a What units are used to measure mass?
Ans Grams (g) and kilograms (kg)
b What unit is used to measure weight?
Ans Newtons (N)
2 When an astronaut stands on weighing scales on Earth, the scales read 70
kg. The astronaut travels to planet X which has half the gravitational force of
the Earth.
a What is the astronaut’s mass on Earth?
Ans 70 kg
b What is the astronaut’s weight on Earth?
Ans 700 N
c What is the astronaut’s mass on Planet X?
Ans 70 kg
d What is the astronaut’s weight on Planet X?
Ans 350 N
3 Describe FOUR ways in which the photograph shows the effects of forces on
the car

3 Force has:
• changed the shape of the car – it is crushed
• changed the position of the car – it has overturned
• changed the movement of the car – it has stopped
• changed the direction of movement of the car – the car is on its roof facing the
opposite direction.
 4 Arun and Marcus are investigating floating and sinking. Here are the
things they used.

a) Draw a force diagram to show a plastic toy duck floating on water.

Label the forces.
Ans

b) Draw a force diagram to show a stone sinking in water. Label the

forces.

c) Explain why the toy duck floats and the stone sinks.
Ans. The duck has a mass equal to or less than the mass of water displaced, so it
floats. The stone has a greater mass than the mass of water displaced, so it sinks.