Sheet # (6) Accessory Components & Fluid Conductors

1- Select True (√) or False (x) for each statement:

# True False statement
1 Accessory components include accumulators, pressure switches, gauges, flow meters, and manifolds.
2 Accumulators do not store excess energy in form of pressurized fluid &release it when needed for improving efficiency
3 Industrial hydraulic accumulators are hydro-pneumatic devices that do not apply force to liquid by a compressed gas.
4 Two types of hydro-pneumatic accumulators are used. The bladder type accumulators and piston type accumulators.
5 The Bladder accumulator is charged with compressed gas through a check valve at the top of the accumulator, while
a poppet valve at the bottom prevents bladder from extruding into the pressure line.
6 Poppet valve at bottom of bladder accumulator, is sized so that maximum volume metric flow can not be exceeded.
7 Bladder accumulator is pre-charged with gas to pre-specified pressure less than system pressure in the pressure line.
8 If system pressure does not exceed the gas pre-charged pressure, poppet valve opens & oil enters bladder accumulator
9 Changing or decrease in gas volume in the bladder does not determine useful fluid capacity of a bladder accumulator
10 Accumulators store excess energy to be used during power failure or when more energy is needed to improve efficiency
11 An accumulator can not be used to supplement the flow rate of a pump.
12 Safety and caution must be considered in working with accumulators and not to overcharge the accumulator.
13 Accumulator circuit must include safety unloading valve to isolate &discharge accumulator before system maintenance
14 Pressure switches are used to open or close electrical circuit when a predetermined pressure has not been reached.
15 Bourdon tube pressure gauges measure pressure in system and display it on calibrated dial in units of psi, bar & psia.
16 Bourdon tube pressure gauges are not accurate in the center range of the scale.
17 Even with the gauge properly sized, shock loading or pressure spikes will not damage the gear mechanism.
18 Dampening devices prevent shock loading or pressure spikes from damaging gear mechanism of bourdon tube gauge.
19 Flow meters are not bi-directional devices and act as a check valve blocking flow in the reverse direction.
20 Manifolds reduce number of needed external connections to reduce possibility of leakage from connections& fittings
21 Manifolds are used for modular valve stacking incorporate a common pressure and return port. With individual A &
B work ports for each valve station
22 Manifolds are not specified according to system pressure, total flow, number of work stations, valve size or pattern.
23 A flow meter controls both the maximum pressure and amount of flow in a hydraulic circuit
24 Manifolds increase both number of connections and the number of potential leak points.

2-Make table in your answer book as that shown below. Write name of each part of the
accessories on the next fig. You may select from the list below:
Gas charging and safety valve, Pressure line, compressed gas compartment, Poppet valve, Fluid
compartment, piston accumulator body, Bladder accumulator body, Gas charging and safety valve,
Pressure line, Piston separator, Fluid compartment, Bladder containing compressed gas
# Part name # Part name # Part name # Part name # Part name
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12

3-Discuss (use sketches & symbols) main types, characteristics, & usage of Accumulators.
4-Compare between the Bladder type and Piston type Accumulators.
And describe the usage of safety unloading valve in the accumulator circuits.
5-Discuss the function, method of operation, and characteristics of the Pressure Switch.
6-Write name of each part of the pressure switch on the fig. You may select from below:
Switch Push rod, Micro electric switch, Connection to the system pressure line,
Switch light indicator, spring, piston actuator, mechanical stop
# Part name # Part name # Part name # Part name # Part name
1 2 3 4 5
6 7

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 7-Discuss the function, method of operation, and
characteristics of the Bourdon Tube Pressure
Gauge. State the name of each part shown on Fig.5.
8-Discuss the function, method of operation, and
characteristics of the Flow Meter. State the name of
each part shown on Fig.6.
9-Discuss the function, method of operation, and the
characteristics of the Manifolds. State the name of each part shown on Fig.7.
10-State true or false and why? “Manifolds reduce the number of connections,
but increase the number of potential leak points.”

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11-What are the functions, types, materials, and the characteristics of fluid
conductors? Discuss how do we determine the working pressure for each type of fluid conductor?
12-Discuss the usage, types, the main advantages and disadvantages, sizing method, installation precautions, and
engineering standards applied for using &selecting Flexible Hoses in hydraulic circuits.
13-Discuss the usage, types, the main advantages and disadvantages, sizing method, installation precautions, and
engineering standards applied for using &selecting Steel Pipes in hydraulic circuits.
14- 25gpm flows in 1” nominal size steel pipe. Find flow area &velocity for schedule 40, 80, 160 steel pipe.
15-Discuss the usage, types, the main advantages and disadvantages, sizing method, installation precautions, and
engineering standards applied for using &selecting Steel Tubes in hydraulic circuits.
16- Select True (√) or False (x) for each statement:
# True False statement
1 Fluid conductors carry fluid to all components in hydraulic circuits through flexible hose, steel tubing & steel pipe.
2 A safety factor of 0.4 is recommended on the pressure rating of hydraulic conductor’s material. The working pressure
of the conductor is taken as the rated burst pressure divided by the safety factor of 0.4
3 Flexible hoses are used in hydraulic circuits where lines must not flex or bend. Hoses should be replaced every few years
4 Using flexible hoses in hydraulic circuits depends on system pressure, pressure pulses, velocity, fluid compatibility&
environmental conditions.
5 Flexible hoses construction is standardized by Society of Automotive Engineers under SAE J5-17, known as R series.
6 The pressure ratings of flexible hoses depend on types and amounts of wall reinforcement which may be natural or
synthetic fiber type, metal wire type, or braided or spiral bond reinforcement.
7 Flexible hoses should not be installed with any twist to avoid significant reduction of hose life
8 All rubber slowly deteriorates with contact from various substances, such as solvents, water, sunlight, heat, etc. Hose
life is greatly reduced with system temperature increases.
9 Flexible hoses costs more & perform less than steel piping which is difficult to assemble, because welding is required
to give maximum leak protection. Steel pipe requires costly flushing to insure a contaminant system at startup.
10 Flexible hoses are specified by internal diameter but steel pipes are specified by nominal outside diameter.
11 Steel tubing is used if rigid lines are needed with no welding but easy to assemble and form to achieve leak-free lines.
12 Steel tubing is specified by its wall thickness and outside diameter.
13 As flow rate is increased through a conductor, the flow velocity is decreased.
14 Maximum recommended velocities in suction lines are higher than maximum recommended velocities in pressure lines
15 Steel tubing must be large enough to carry the required flow rate but not strong enough to withstand working pressure

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