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Hrference:-
oF
computers which can create new _logic from
|
hh atiliccal intelegence_we need intelli at
old logic or by evidence , $0 generating
Levy
the conclusions from evidence and _facts
is lormed as __ inference
Tference _rules:-
|
Thhovence rules ave the _ templates for
generating valicl arguments Trference_tules
applied to derive proofs in _ artificial
axe
intelligence, and the proof is the sequence
! F
of the conclusion thot ead; to the
desired _ goal.
erminologies of _ inference _tules:-
= Imp) i cation . L
t
= Converse
= Contropos itive
> Inveise
Troplcation=
of the logical connectives
TR is one
which con _be_vopmsented a8 P25
a Ses o boolen __ expression. P 4 Pae
ite i 7,
T F F
e F ls Tt
E F ie
Converse:-
__
The converse of implication » which mean
the right hand Proposition goes to__ the
lef hand side. It can be written
as gp and it can be read as
q_Imples _p.
}
5 E dese ene
ie T i q
if F T
F ae F
ma F fe
e nt va. positive: eee |
—f--— Bergan of converse is termed)
—_l as contvapositive and it can ce
| -tepreserted as ep. Ses
zB v “4 oP oS
Tale a ck
T F di | ; A
fy a Se epee
ne r
|
= iH
4
ea the _ negation _of ienphicaction is called
i inverse. It can be representecl as |
CT fepoeg.
— P mw dd oy Ape,
ee t
| : F ay T
Ff[rjrle E
foe ed i
Types Inferen ce. Rules:- fe
> Modus a
=> Modus Tollens
> Hypothetical syllogism
> Disjunctive Syllogis™ .
> Addition _
bad Simmpldication
ad Reselution
Sin im lficotio ation Rales:-
iat wule:_stale that =
Pad is rue ___ the ave will abo |
Cie
eee Example:-
o_I will make. tea.
|» It is vainin
> Tk is _not_taining , 0
7 L will read |
:
a. book.
L_ will
> Frerefre I will make lea. 0F
Yead a _book-
Resolution
eta
Upv9 )Alopv7)) =) (4X)
P % Pay
foie
a =
fen I =
F E
F
Rewrite Rules:-
|____write_(something) agin especially
es diferent way inorder to
improve it or to include new infor matia
Example:
“A sentence (8) can be Yewritten |
ee as a _noun phrase (NP) lus
Verb phrase VP) + S45 NPsyp and
the: verb phrase __can_be Nritter
J
ay a verb (V) ply a noun
hrase
_ LWP): WP > VENP. Abo calleof
a
| phrase structure mules | Meta rules define knowledge about
1
how the system _will__work-
_Exarnple:-
f
; Meta rules might define that knowledge
| from _Expert_f is to be 4yusted move
j f
f then knowledge Frorn Expert B.
\ Meto rules are tyeated by the
I | systern Icke normal ules, but ave given
[| highey priority
E ner 4
|
|
|
- i
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